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52. Changes in olive oil volatile organic compounds induced by water status and light environment in canopies of Olea europaea L. trees.

Author

Benelli, Giovanni, Caruso, Giovanni, Giunti, Giulia, Cuzzola, Angela, Saba, Alessandro, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Gucci, Riccardo

Subjects
VOLATILE organic compounds, OLIVE oil, GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), FOREST canopies, SECOIRIDOIDS
Abstract

BACKGROUND Light and water are major factors in fruit development and quality. In this study, the effect of water and light in Olea europaea trees on volatile organic compounds ( VOCs) in olive oil was studied over 2 years. Mature fruits were harvested from three zones of the canopy with different light exposure (64%, 42% and 30% of incident light) of trees subjected to full, deficit or complementary irrigation. VOCs were determined by SPME GC-MS and analysed by principal component analysis followed by discriminant analysis to partition treatment effects. RESULTS Fruit fresh weight and mesocarp oil content decreased in zones where intercepted light was less. Low light levels significantly slowed down fruit maturation, whereas conditions of water deficit accelerated the maturation process. The presence of cyclosativene and α-muurulene was associated with water deficit, nonanal, valencene with full irrigation; α-muurulene, ( E)-2-hexanal were related to low light conditions, while trans-β-ocimene, α-copaene, ( Z)-2-penten-1-ol, hexanal and nonanal to well exposed zones. The year strongly affected the VOC profile of olive oil. CONCLUSION This is the first report on qualitative changes in VOCs induced by light environment and/or water status. This information is valuable to better understand the role of environmental factors on the sensory quality of virgin olive oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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88. Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics.

Author

Kiferle, Claudia, Lucchesini, Mariella, Mensuali-Sodi, Anna, Maggini, Rita, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Pardossi, Alberto

Abstract

The accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), in particular rosmarinic acid (RA), was investigated in different tissues (leaves, roots and plantlet shoots) of sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown either in vitro or in hydroponic culture (floating system) under greenhouse conditions. Two cultivars with green leaves (Genovese and Superbo) and one with purple leaves (Dark Opal) were tested. The content of CADs in HCl-methanol extracts was determined by HPLC. LC-MS and LC-MS-MS were used to confirm the identification of the metabolites of interest. Apart from rosmarinic acid (RA) and a methylated form of this substance, no other CADs were detected at significant level in any of the analyzed samples. The content of RA ranged approximately from 4 to 63 mg/g DW, depending on the growing system. The highest RA content was found during the in vitro multiplication, in the acclimatized plants and in the roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings at full bloom. In vitro, 6-benzyladenine reduced the accumulation of RA in purple-leaf Dark Opal cultivar, but an opposite effect of this growth regulator was observed in the green-leaf genotypes. Our findings suggest the possibility to scale-up RA production by means of in vitro or hydroponic culture of sweet basil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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92. Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties.

Author

Francini, Alessandra, Fidalgo-Illesca, Carmen, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Sebastiani, Luca

Subjects
PHENOLS, APPLE varieties, PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANTS, MINERALS
Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany ('Mora', 'Nesta', 'Panaia' and 'Ruggina'), with the 'Golden Delicious' cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars 'Panaia' and 'Ruggina', while Na showed significant low concentration in 'Nesta', 'Panaia' and 'Ruggina' compared to 'Golden Delicious'. The vitamin C content also indicated that 'Mora', 'Panaia' and 'Ruggina' old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the 'Golden Delicious' apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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93. Linear alkylbenzensulphonic acids (LAS) oxidation by H2O2 and O2: an investigation by gas- and liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Author

Cuzzola, Angela, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Salvadori, Piero

Subjects
*OXIDATION, *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry, *SPECTRUM analysis, *ORGANIC acids
Abstract

Abstract: The degradation of linear alkylbenzensulphonic acids (LAS) by means of H2O2 and O2 as oxidant was investigated by mass spectrometry identification and characterization of partial oxidation products. Polar water-soluble compounds were analyzed by LC/MS with electrospray ionization (ESI), and the volatile products were trapped by means of headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and investigated by GC/MS with EI and CI ionization. The shortening of LAS alkylic chain and the oxidation of the terminal part to carboxylic acids or the insertion of oxygen atoms to give hydroxylic derivatives, were observed. The reaction leads also to volatile aldehydes, with H2O2, and acids and lactones, with O2. On the basis of demolition product structures a relevant difference in selectivity between H2O2 and O2 was pointed out, obtaining important information on the reaction mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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99. Virtual freezing of the hemiacetal–aldehyde equilibrium of the aglycones of oleuropein and ligstroside present in olive oils from <TOGGLE>Carolea</TOGGLE> and <TOGGLE>Coratina</TOGGLE> cultivars by ionspray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Author

Nino, Antonio De, Mazzotti, Fabio, Perri, Enzo, Procopio, Antonio, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Sindona, Giovanni

Abstract

The composition of the equilibrium between aldehydes and hemiacetals was evaluated by ionspray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The methanolic extracts of virgin olive oil from Carolea and Coratina cultivars contain a complex mixture of hydroxytyrosol (3) and tyrosol (4) derivatives (5, 6) characterized by the presence of aldehyde moieties in equilibrium with their hydrated form (8) or with the corresponding methanol hemiacetals 9 and 10. The equilibrium was frozen by droplet evaporation, thus allowing the structure determination of each component. The formation of the decarboxylated species 11–14, reported previously, was not observed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2000
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100. Characterization of cassanese olive cultivar through the identification of new trace components by ionspray tandem mass spectrometry<FNR HREF="fn1"> †</FNR><FN ID="fn1">Dedicated to the memory of Professor Giacomino Randazzo.</FN>

Author

Nino, Antonio De, Mazzotti, Fabio, Morrone, Serafina Pia, Perri, Enzo, Raffaelli, Andrea, and Sindona, Giovanni

Abstract

Pneumatically assisted electrospray (ionspray) coupled with liquid chromatography was applied in the identification of antioxidants present in traces in the leaves of Olea europea L. cv. Cassanese, a typical olive tree from the northeastern part of Calabria region in Italy. The structures of these potential biomarkers were evaluated with reference to established mass spectrometric rules or, in one case, by matching the tandem mass spectrum of the unknown with that of an authentic sample obtained by synthesis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
1999
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