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In this work, intensity distributions of laser induced plasmas have been measured by emission with two‐dimensional spatial resolution and temporal resolution. The plasmas have been generated on the surfaces of steel samples at different pressures of air and argon, in the ranges from l*10−6 to 680 Torr. We compare the features of the intensity spatial and temporal distribution in the two ambient studied here. We observed that the maxima values of intensity are obtained when the pressure is maxima. The features of intensity distribution show a significant change with the ambient and gas pressure. Also, we have measured how change the size of the plasma plume with the pressure at two different ambient.

Depth profile analysis by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was investigated with respect to its potential to measure the thickness of different types of thin calcium phosphate used as biomimetic coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. The coating thickness is determined from the ratio of the intensities of a calcium line and a titanium line measured at burst energy high enough to penetrate the coating with a single burst. To achieve an ablation depth in the range of the coating thickness of about 10 μm a Nd: YAG laser at 532 nm in single shot mode was used. The achieved thickness resolution is estimated to about 500 nm for coating thicknesses of electrolytically deposited calcium phosphate in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm.

In this work we present results of the temporal spectral study of a plasma laser of mineral coal using the Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The plasma was generated by focusing a laser beam of Nd:YAG laser emitting at 532 nm with energy per pulse of 35 mJ on coal target pellets. The plasma radiation was conducted by an optical fiber to the entrance slit of a spectrograph of 0.5 m, equipped with a 1200 and 2400 grooves/mm diffraction grating and an ICCD camera for registration with different delay times of the spectra in the spectral range from 250 nm to 900 nm. The temporal spectral analysis allowed the identification of the elements Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, and Si, and CN and C2 molecules present in natural coals. The characteristics of the spectral lines and bands were studied at different delay times obtaining the calculation of the evolution of electron temperature, electron density, and vibrational temperature of plasmas in the time. The delay times used were between 0.5 μs and 5 μs, calculating the electron temperature ranged between 5 000 K and 1 000 K.

Of the plasma methods used to improve the tribological properties of the solid surface [1-3], the treatment of metal pieces in the hybrid discharge, which is a combination of high voltage and electric arc discharges, seems very promising [4,5]. This method is developed in the Plasma Physics and Technology Laboratory at the Universidad Industrial de Santander (Colombia). In our work, the hybrid discharge is ignited in tungsten vapor. The plasma temperature and atomic composition of the discharge are measured through its optical spectrum.

A predictive model to determine the concentration of nickel and vanadium in vacuum residues of Colombian crude oils using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) with nodes distributed in multiple layers (multilayer perceptron) is presented. ANN inputs are intensity values in the vicinity of the emission lines 300.248, 301.200 and 305.081 nm of the Ni(I), and 309.310, 310.229, and 311.070 nm of the V(II). The effects of varying number of nodes and the initial weights and biases in the ANNs were systematically explored. Average relative error of calibration/prediction (REC/REP) and average relative standard deviation (RSD) metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the ANN in the prediction of concentrations of two elements studied here.

In this work, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to determine the Si/Al ratio of Zeolite type Y. The catalytic activity of zeolite is strongly dependent of the Si/Al ratio. We have used Si lines in the spectral region between 245-265 nm to determine temperature of the plasma generated on pelletized sample of zeolite, and stoichiometry relation between Si and Al.

In this work we used the second harmonic of Nd:YAG laser to observe stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). SRS was observed on benzene, acetonitrile and pyridine using a single shot laser. The SRS radiation is very intense due their laser characteristics, and it is possible to observe several harmonics of different vibrational modes to each molecule studied here.