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The entity of the Republika Srpska (RS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina has great natural, cultural, gastronomic, religious and historic potential for rural tourism development. Rural tourism encompasses a range of activities, services and amenities provided by farmers and rural people to tourists. It includes agro-tourism, farm tourism, nature tourism, ecotourism, wine tourism, etc. The paper aims at analyzing the political, legal and regulatory frameworks as well as the governance of rural tourism in the RS. It is based on an extended literature review and primary data collected through structured questionnaires carried out in summer 2012 with 45 rural tourism operators and 49 municipality dwellers in 11 municipalities in the RS. The competencies in tourism and rural development are mostly at the entity level. Support to rural tourism development in the RS is provided by the Ministries of Agriculture, and of Trade and Tourism. The main strategic documents dealing with rural tourism in the RS are: Law on Tourism; Law on Hospitality; Tourism Development Strategy 2011-2020; and Rural Development Strategy (RDS) 2009-2015. Many measures are foreseen in the RDS for rural tourism development: promotion of rural tourism; improvement of touristic services provision; and organizational support and capacity building. There are limited dynamics and coordination between involved stakeholders e.g. ministries of agriculture and tourism, municipalities, touristic organizations, donors, rural households, etc. Legal framework and institutional environment for rural tourism development have considerably improved in the recent period. However, there is room for improvement in particular regarding governance and rural hospitality tax regimes

In this paper was investigated variability of percentage content of seeds first-class (thickness of seeds >2.5mm) in four divergent barley cultivars (Jagodinac, Premium, NS 489 and NS 495) originated from different breeding centres in Serbia. These cultivars investigated during two years on experimental field on plots 5m2 and four replications under four different rate of nitrogen treatments (control N0=0, N1=20, N2=40 and N3=60 kg ha-1). The variability of content of seeds first-class was established in both years of experiment and under all nitrogen rate of supplied N fertilizer. According to percentage of content first-class (thickness of seeds >2.5mm) were found differences among the cultivars in each years of experiment and all variant of nitrogen nutrition. In average, content of seeds first-class for all cultivars and all treatments was higher in second year 82.34% than in first experimental year 80.03%. The average value of percentage content of seeds first-class in both growing seasons and under N treatment was the highest in barley cultivar NS 595 (82.70%) and the lowest in barley cultivar Premium (78.79%). For all investigated cultivars, content of seeds first-class increased with increasing nitrogen rate. This indicate that content of seeds first-class mostly affected by mineral nitrogen nutrition and to a much lesser degree by cultivar.

Rural economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is increasingly diversified but agriculture is still important. Governance influences agricultural and rural development (ARD) policy impacts. The paper aims at analysing ARD governance and coordination in BiH. The paper is based on primary information collected by questionnaires and semi-structured interviews performed in 2011 with representatives of 120 institutions as well as a secondary data review. Vertical coordination between State level institutions with entities, cantons, regions, municipalities and non-state actors, especially civil society ones, is still particularly challenging. Coordination between the State Ministry of Foreign Trade and External Relations; Ministries of Agriculture of the Republika Srpska (RS) and Federation of BiH (FBiH) and the Department for Agriculture of Brčko district is crucial. Participation of civil society organizations in ARD policies design and evaluation should be encouraged. Effectiveness of vertical coordination also depends on quality of horizontal coordination at RS and FBiH levels., Review Article

Predmet istraţivanja ove doktorske disertacije je odreĊivanje znaĉaja preduzetništva kao faktora razvoja agro(privrede) Republike Srpske. Preduzetništvo je vaţan element ekonomskog razvoja i konkurentnosti privrede, gde je Republika Srpska tipiĉan primer zemlje tranziciji. Stoga je aspekt preduzetništva posmatran na makro nivou, da bi se uspešno moglo sagledati i na jednom segmentu privrede – agroprivreda, a zatim i mikro nivou. U konkretnom primeru Republike Srpske, kao tranzicione zemlje, postoje još uvek odreĊena ograniĉenja da bi se uspešno sprovela reforma i agrarnog i prehrambenog sektora. Glavna ograniĉenja u daljem razvoju ova dva sektora su: nezadovoljavajuća agrarna struktura, nerešeno agrarno zakonodavstvo, nekonkurentnost proizvoda, slaba iskorišćenost proizvodnih kapaciteta i sl. U prelaznoj fazi kod transformisanja agrarnog i prehrambenog sektora u savremeniji trţišni model odluĉujuću ulogu ima agro(preduzetništvo). Rezultat ovog istraţivanja ukazuje da Republika Srpska ima znaĉajne potencijale za razvoj oba sektora, ali su nedovoljno razvijeni. Naime, sadašnji agrarni i prehrambeni sektor zadovoljava potrebe domaćeg stanovništva. Sa druge strane postoje znaĉajni potencijali za takav razvoj agroprivrede koji bi obezbedio plasman ovih proizvoda na inostranom trţištu. Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju da je potrebno dinamiĉnije razviti sektor malih i srednjih preduzeća u agroprivredi Republike Srpske. U prilog tome govore rezultati sprovedene ankete za potrebu istraţivanja u disertaciji. Naime, rezultati ukazuju da znaĉajniji udeo u preduzetništvu agroprivrede Republike Srpske imaju mikro preduzeća u odnosu na mala i srednja preduzeća. U tom kontekstu je opravdanije formiranje malih i srednjih preduzeća u primarnoj proizvodnji, dok u prehrambenoj proizvodnji je opravdanije formiranje srednjih preduzeća. TakoĊe, za uspešno poslovanje MSP sektora u agroprivredi Republike Srpske potrebno je povoljno makroekonomsko okruţenje (bruto društveni proizvod, inflacija, trţište rada, spoljnotrgovinsko poslovanje i priliv stranih direktnih investicija). Odluĉujuću ulogu daljem razvoju agropreduzetništva Republike Srpske imaju institucionalni i pravni okviri razvoja preduzetništva, kroz razvoj ĉitavog niza zakona i strategija, kao i institucija koji su u funkciji razvoja agroprivrede. TakoĊe, razvoj preduzetniĉke infrastrukture je znaĉajan faktor unapreĊenja preduzetništva u agroprivredi Republike Srpske, ali i za ekonomski razvoj lokalne zajednice. Konaĉno, razvoj preduzetništva u Republici Srpskoj višestruko doprinosi razvoju agroprivrede preko: većeg stepena iskorišćavanja poljo(privrednih) potencijala, većeg stepena finalizacije poljoprivrednih proizvoda, revitalizaciji sela, smanjenja depopulacije seoskog stanovništva, rasta konkurentnosti, veće zaposlenosti radno sposobnog stanovništva, pa konaĉno i celokupnog ekonomskog razvoja Republike Srpske., Subject of this dissertation is to determine the importance of entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of agro(business) of Republic of Srpska. Entrepreneurship is an important element of economic development and competitiveness of the economy, and Republic of Srpska is typical example of a country in transition. Therefore, the aspect of entrepreneurship monitored on a macro level, in order to successfully be seen in a segment of the economy - agrobusiness, and then the micro level. In the specific case of the Republic of Serbian, as well as a country in transition, there are still some limitations in order to successfully implement the reform of agricultural and food sector. The main limitations to the further development of these two sectors are unsatisfactory agrarian structure, unresolved agrarian legislation, deficiency of product competitiveness, low utilization of production capacity, etc. In the transitional phase of transformation the agricultural and food sector in the modern market model the crucial role is played by agro(entrepreneurship). The results of this study indicate that in Republic of Srpska has significant potential in both sectors, but they are under-developed. The current agricultural and food sector satisfies the nutritional needs of the local population. On the other hand, there is significant potential for development of agrobusiness which would be provided distribution of these products on the international market. The results indicate the need for more dynamic develop of sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in agrobusiness in Republic of Srpska This assertion confirmed by the results of the survey for the need of research in this dissertation. The results indicate that more signigicant share in agroentrepreneurship in Republic of Srspka have micro- enterprises than small and medium-sized enterprises. In this context, it is justifiable to formation of small and medium enterprises in primary production, while food production has more justified the formation medium-sized companies. Also, for successful management of SME sector in agrobusiness in Republic of Srpska is necessary to provide favorable macro-economic environment (GDP, inflation, labor market, foreign trade and foreign direct investment). Crucial role in further development of agroentrepreneurship in Republic of Srpska have institutional and legal framework for the development of entrepreneurship, through the development of a series of laws and policies, and institutions which are in in the function of development of agrobusiness. Also, the development of entrepreneurial infrastructure is an important factor in promoting entrepreneurship in agrobusiness of Republic of Srpska, but also for the economic development of local communities. Finally, the development of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Srpska have multiple contributions for the development agrobusiness through: a higher level of exploitation agricultural(economic) potential, the greater the level of finished agricultural products, the revitalization of the village, to reduce rural depopulation, increase competitiveness, increasing employment rate of working-age population, and finally and the overall economic development of the Republic of Srpska.

U cilju ispitivanja uticaja različitih stimulatora rasta u ishrani brojlera na zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne rezultate organizovan je ogled po grupno-kontrolnom sistemu. Ogled je izveden na ukupno 236 jedinki podeljenih u 4 grupe. Ogled je trajao 42 dana, a podeljen je u tri faze. Prva faza trajala je 21, druga 14, a treća 7 dana. Na početku ogleda uzeti su uzoraci potpunih smeša za analizu. Tokom ogleda izvršena su kontrolna merenja telesne mase brojlera i količine konzumirane hrane. Brojleri su hranjeni sa tri vrste potpunih smeša za ishranu brojlera u tovu standardnog sirovinskog i hemijskog sastava koje su u potpunosti zadovoljavale potrebe brojlera u različitim fazama tova. Potpuna smeša za početni tov brojlera korišćena je 1–21 dan, a potpune smeša za završni tov 21–35, odnosno 35–42 dana ogleda. Tokom ogleda kontrolna grupa brojlera hranjena je smešama bez stimulatora rasta, dok su ogledne grupe, po redosledu (O-I, O-II, O-III), dobijale hranu sa dodatkom antibiotika (Flavomycin), probiotika (All-Lac) ili prebiotika (Bio-Mos). Brojleri kontrolne i oglednih grupa bili su skladne telesne građe, pravilno razvijenog koštanog i mišićnog tkiva, živahnog temperamenta i dobre kondicije. Perje, koža i vidljive sluznice bile su bez vidljivih promena. Apetit je bio dobar, a feces uobičajeno formiran. Sposobnost aktivnog kretanja i koordinacija pokreta bili su usklađeni, a mišićni tonus normalno izražen. Tokom ogleda nije bilo uginuća oglednih životinja. Kontrolna grupa brojlera hranjena smešama bez dodatog stimulatora rasta postigla je uobičajene proizvodne rezultate za provenijenciju, dužinu tova i uslove držanja, a primenom antibiotika kao stimulatora rasta postižu se pozitivni efekti što se zasniva na većem prirastu (oko 5%), boljoj konzumaciji i boljoj konverziji hrane (oko 6%) prosečno. Upotrebom probiotika (prirast 43,17±5,02 g; konzumacija 83,50 g; konverzija 1,934 kg) i prebiotika (prirast 44,58±4,76 g; konzumacija 81,84 g; konverzija 1,836 kg) postižu se slični proizvodni rezultati kao pri korišćenju antibiotika s tim što se izbegavaju mogući neželjeni efekti (rezidue, karenca, rezistencija, alergije, genotoksičnost i dr.). Korišćenje probiotika i prebiotika kao alternativnih mogućnosti u stimulaciji rasta ima svoje nutritivno, medicinsko i ekonomsko opravdanje. The 42 day long trial was performed in order to evaluate the influence of different growth promoters (GP) in broiler nutrition on health status and performance. The trial was carried out on 236 broilers divided into four groups. The experiment was divided into three phases, which lasted 21, 14 and 7 days, respectively. At the beginning of the trial samples of feed mixtures were taken for analysis. During the experiment body weights were measured. The broilers were fed with complete feed mixtures containing standard ingredients and chemical compounds for broiler nutrition. Complete starter feed were used from 1-21st day, while growing and finishing feeds were used from 21-35th and 35-42nd day of trial. Control group of broilers was fed mixture without GP, while broilers in experimental groups, in the order (O-I, O-II, O-III), were fed mixtures with antibiotic (Flavomycin), probiotic (All-Lac) or prebiotic (Bio-Mos). Broilers of both control and experimental groups, were of harmonically physique, regularly developed bone and muscle tissue, vivaciously tempers and good condition. Feather, skin and visible mucous tissues didn’t have visible changes. Appetite was good, feces normally formed. Ability of locomotion and motion coordination were harmonic, muscle tonus normally marked. There were no losses during experiment due to death of animals. Control group (C) of broilers fed mixtures without growth promoters showed standard performance for provenience, duration of fattening and environmental conditions, but using antibiotics as growth promoters gave positive effect with increased weight gain (approximately 5%), consumption and better feed conversion (approx. 6%). Use of probiotics (gain 43,17±5,02 g; consumption 83,50 g; conversion 1,934 kg) and prebiotics (gain 44,58±4,76 g; consumption 81,84 g; conversion 1,836 kg) has shown similar performances as obtained by use of antibiotics, but undesirable effects were eliminated (residues, withdrawal period, resistance, allergy, genotoxic effects). The use of probiotics and prebiotics as an alternative growth promoter has its nutritive, medical and economical justification.