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A four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) has been reported to exhibit various biological activities. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate 23 selected constituents of a four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) as potent inhibitory agents of human acetyl cholinesterase (hAchE), carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II), and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (hPTP-1B) using an in silico method. The 23 selected constituents of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) were studied on the docking behavior of hAchE, hCA-II, and hPTP-1B by using the Webina docking method. In addition to docking, toxicity analysis was also performed using the pkCSM web server. Toxicity analysis has shown that 10 ligands (44%) of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) were predicted to have hERG II (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) inhibition activity. The docking analysis showed that marsilin has exhibited the maximum binding energy (-11.3 kcal/mol) with the hAchE, whereas it fails to dock with both the target enzymes (hCA-II and hPTP-1B). Thus, the present find provides a new understanding about the 23 selected ligands of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) as potent inhibitory agents of human acetyl cholinesterase (hAchE), carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II), and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (hPTP-1B).

Background: Weeds are the major biological constraint in okra due to its slow initial growth and wider row spacing. Due to severe crop weed competition, weeds removed considerable amount of nutrients from the soil. Competition exists between the crop and weed for nutrients results in nutrient deficiencies in crop. Hence the present experiment is formulated to assess the effect of stale seedbed, mulching and mechanical weeding on nutrient availability, nutrient uptake by crop and weed in okra. Methods: Experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during Rabi 2020-21. Design adopted for the study was RBD with two factors. The first factor was seedbed preparation (S) and the second factor was weed management (W). Stale seedbed (S1) and normal seedbed (S2) were the two different seedbed preparation methods and dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 alone (W1), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb wheel hoe weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W2), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W3), wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4), hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W5) and weedy check (W6) were the six different weed management options tried. Soil samples were collected after the harvest of the crop to determine the nutrient availability. Weed samples at 30 and 60 DAS and plant samples at harvest were analyzed to determine the NPK content and respective uptake of nutrients were calculated by multiplying the nutrient content with DMP. Result: Stale seedbed significantly enhanced the dry matter production and nutrient uptake by okra at harvest and lowered the nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS. Compared to non-stale, stale seedbed recorded significantly higher fruit yield. Among the weed management, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, recorded the lowest total weed dry weight at 30 and 60 DAS and resulted in the highest NPK uptake by crop and fruit yield. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in a loss of 81.33, 18.16 and 50.84 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 30 DAS and 102.09, 57.90 and 55.31 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively. Nutrient removal by weeds was the lowest in wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and the highest in weedy check. It could be concluded that, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS was the best option for the management of weeds, higher nutrient availability and uptake and yield in okra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff base ligand (FHPB - 2-[N-(fluorophenyl)-4‑hydroxy-4-phenyl] 3-butene), and its copper complex Cu[FHPB]2 were prepared and the structural framework of prepared compounds were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic and DFT calculation techniques. The result suggests that, prepared Cu[FPB]2 complex possesses square planar geometry. Electrochemical studies reveal that Cu[FPB]2 complex is quasi reversible in nature. Sensing ability of prepared ligand with various cations were analyzed by absorption and emission spectral techniques and infer that the ligand FHPB is highly sensitive and selective sensor for the Cu2+ ion as compared to other selected metal ions. Antimicrobial activities of FHPB and Cu[FPB]2 against selected bacterial and fungal strains were checked by Disc Diffusion method. DNA interaction of prepared compounds were analyzed by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric techniques. The analysis illustrates that the synthesized compounds interact with calf thymus DNA by the way of an intercalation mode. Moreover, the binding ability of FHPB and Cu[FPB]2 were demonstrated by molecular docking and it evidences the strong binding with CT-DNA double helix.

Richard R Gammon,1,* Rounak Dubey,2,* Gaurav K Gupta,3,* Colleen Hinrichsen,4,* Aikaj Jindal,5,* Divjot Singh Lamba,6,* Sadhana Mangwana,7,* Amita Radhakrishnan Nair,8,* Shaughn Nalezinski,9,* Christopher Bocquet10 1Scientific, Medical and Technical Department, OneBlood, Orlando, FL, USA; 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India; 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Princeton Medical Center at Penn Medicine, Plainsboro, NJ, USA; 5Department of Transfusion Medicine, Mohandas Oswal Hospital, Ludhiana, India; 6Department of Transfusion Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; 7Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India; 8Department of Transfusion Medicine Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India; 9Department of Laboratory Medicine - Transfusion Services, Concord Hospital, Concord, NH, USA; 10Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies, Bethesda, MD, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Richard R Gammon, OneBlood, 8669 Commodity Circle, Orlando, FL, 32819, USA, Tel +1407 947 7963, Fax +1 407 264 8265, Email richard.gammon@oneblood.orgAbstract: Blood donors and voluntary blood donations are essential for ensuring the blood supply that can be maintained by good patient blood management (PBM) practices. This review article explores the role of blood donation in PBM and highlights the importance of donor screening and selection processes in different regions worldwide. The donor health questionnaires and the focused physical examination guidelines have changed in the last decade to increase donor and recipient safety. This article also discusses the status of transfusion practices, including the challenges of ensuring a safe blood supply. Significant among these are the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood supply chain and the impact of an aging donor population, especially. Promoting autologous donations and other blood conservation strategies are suggested to mitigate these issues. The role of replacement donors and the upper age limit for voluntary blood donation may be decided based on the demography and donor pool. The involvement of C-suite executives is also critical in implementing and running a successful PBM program. The review highlights how these different aspects of blood donation are integral to a successful PBM program and the safety of patients who receive blood transfusions.Keywords: donors, blood centers, transfusion service