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Introdução: A biossegurança é um conjunto de medidas que busca reduzir os riscos inerentes a uma determinada atividade. Essa área de conhecimento é definida pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) como: “condição de segurança alcançada por um conjunto de ações destinadas a prevenir, controlar, reduzir ou eliminar riscos inerentes às atividades que possam comprometer a saúde humana, animal e o meio ambiente”. É relevante o entendimento das responsabilidades pertinentes para assegurar a cultura da biossegurança e sua disseminação tão quanto a valorização presente no ambiente laboratorial, visto que é a partir desta compreensão que surgem as modificações corretas nas atitudes, no comportamento e na reorganização do processo administrativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a implementação dos procedimentos de biossegurança laboratorial nas Agências Transfusionais (AT), os quais contribuirão para proporcionar um ambiente seguro para os funcionários, clientes. Objetivo: Avaliar e analisar os procedimentos de biossegurança em AT. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com dados retrospectivos e análise dos dados contidos nos roteiros de inspeção da RDC 34/2014, realizados em ATs de uma região do nordeste brasileiro. Resultados: Na análise realizada a partir dos roteiros de inspeção nas AT observou-se que os resíduos biológicos são depositados nas lixeiras com saco plástico de cor branca com o símbolo de infectante, e os resíduos comuns armazenados em saco preto ou azul. Com relação aos Equipamentos de Proteção Individuais (EPI's), são disponibilizados e utilizados em todas AT, porém em 02 AT os óculos de proteção individual não apresentavam boa vedação periférica e boa adaptação ao rosto. Já no que concerne ao chuveiro de emergência utilizado em acidente que envolvem o lançamento de uma grande quantidade de substâncias químicas sobre o profissional nenhuma das agências dispunham conforme tabela. Discussão: Portanto, torna-se evidente as práticas de biossegurança devido às exposições a agentes patógenos, superfícies sujas com amostras biológicas, equipamentos contaminados, nos quais o profissional pode se contaminar e transferir essa contaminação para outras pessoas. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário o acesso dos trabalhadores a informações sobre os riscos inerentes às suas atividades, além de ter conhecimento sobre os EPIs e as medidas preventivas e corretivas. Conclusão: Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância dos resíduos biológicos da coleta sanguínea em ATs, no âmbito dos serviços de saúde, e faz-se necessário o conhecimento sobre os conceitos, classicação e gerenciamento desse tipo de resíduo, uma vez que as condições de segurança ambiental e ocupacional são requisitos imprescindíveis a serem observados por todos os responsáveis pelos estabelecimentos de saúde.

Introdução: Desde a percepção do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), responsável pela disseminação do surto descoberto pela primeira vez na cidade de Wuhan, China, em dezembro de 2019, a raça humana tem vivenciado um difícil problema sanitário global, arrodeadas de exatidão no que diz respeito aos caracteres epidemiológicos, sorológicos e sua facilidade de se disseminar. As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde têm ocorrência em várias em instituições assistenciais de saúde, tanto em países desenvolvidos como subdesenvolvidos, acometendo aproximadamente 1,4 milhões de pacientes em todo o mundo, resultando em altos números morbimortalidade, prolongamento do tempo de internação, resistência de microrganismos e óbitos. Apresentam diversas causas e tem várias relações multifatoriais. A higienização das mãos retrata a conduta apartada primordial como tática de minimização da incidência das infecções ambulatoriais e hospitalares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi orientar os profissionais do setor de ambulatório de um centro de Hemoterapia no período de 10 a 26 de fevereiro de 2020, com intuito de melhorar os métodos de limpeza e higienização e prevenção acerca da COVID-19. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um treinamento teórico através do Google Met., que é um serviço de comunicação por vídeo desenvolvido pelo Google. O treinamento foi realizado em cinco módulos com carga horária 30h com os funcionários envolvendo o preenchimento do check-list, baseado no manual Segurança do Paciente em Serviços de Saúde, Higienização das Mãos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resultados: Dos 32 funcionários que executam suas atividades profissionais no setor de transfusão e ambulatório que responderam o instrumento de pesquisa, 75% (24) eram do sexo feminino e 25% (08) do sexo masculino. O nível de formação acadêmica variou entre os docentes: 9,3% (3) são Enfermeiros, Farmacêuticos 6,2 (02), Técnicos de Enfermagem 18,7% (06), Assistente administrativo 15,6% (05), Assistente social 3,1% (01), Psicóloga 3,1% (01), Fisioterapeuta 3,1% (01), Dentista 6,2% (02), Estagiários 34,3% (11). Discussão: Neste estudo observou-se que a higienização e o uso de luvas associaram-se a uma menor velocidade de contaminação das mãos durante cuidados rotineiros nos setores laboratoriais e no ambulatório evitando a contaminação da maioria dos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Esta ação deve ser constantemente desenvolvida na prática educacional, além de abordagem aprofundada referente à prevenção e controle de infecções como estratégia de promoção da segurança do paciente.

Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta das plaquetas, após a confecção do PRP, ao longo do tempo que pode ser necessário para finalizar o ensaio de agregação plaquetária, por metodologia óptica. Material e métodos: As amostras foram coletadas e processadas de acordo com as recomendações do Manual de Diagnóstico Laboratorial das Coagulopatias Hereditárias e Plaquetopatias (MS, 2016), a fim de obter plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP). O ensaio foi realizado pela metodologia ótica no Agregômetro Chrono-log, de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Para cada amostra foram preparadas duas alíquotas de PRP e duas alíquotas de PPP. As amostras permaneceram 15 min em repouso (20 a 24°C) e foram ensaiadas com 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas após a preparação do PRP (T1 a T4), utilizando o agonista Ácido Araquidônico (AA) (32 μL de AA 1,0 mM). Os resultados das amplitudes de agregaçãode cada tempo foram compilados em planilha de Excel. Os traçados gráficos das ondas de agregação obtidos em cada tempo foram compilados por amostra utilizando o software Aggrolink8. Resultados: 19 amostras foram avaliadas. Foram excluídas do estudo: 1 amostralipêmica; 1 com volume de PRP insuficiente e 1 com resposta inadequada na primeiracorrida. Os padrões dos traçados gráficos mantiveram-se inalterados ao longo do tempo avaliado, em todas as amostras. A amplitude de agregação variou entre 62% e 101%. O coeficiente de variação entre as medições da amplitude de agregação obtidas em T1 a T4 oscilou entre 3,59% e 13,16%. Discussão: Apesar de ser um teste amplamente utilizado, a agregação plaquetária ainda requer padronização técnica detalhada. O Manual do MS recomenda que o ensaio por sistema óptico deve ser iniciado entre 15 a 30 minutos após a preparação do PRP e finalizado dentro de 3 a 4 horas, tendo em vista que, após esse período, a resposta diminui em consequência da exaustão da reserva de energia da plaqueta. Por outro lado, o manual do equipamento (Agregômetro) recomenda que o ensaio ocorra entre 30 min e 3h após a venopunção. Entretanto, poucas são as publicações que demonstram o efeito do tempo na resposta plaquetária. Conclusão: O coeficiente de variação entre as medições da amplitude de agregação obtidas em T1 a T4 não ultrapassou 15% em nenhuma das amostras estudadas, o que permite concluir que se mantiveram dentro de uma variação analítica admissível.

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,717 new measurements from 869 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Most of the 120 reviews are updated, including many that are heavily revised. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app. The 2024 edition of the Review of Particle Physics should be cited as: S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024)

Abstract In this paper we consider the evolution of a free boundary separating two immiscible viscous fluids with different constant densities. The joint motion of liquids in the solid skeleton is described by Stokes equations coupled with Lamé equations, driven by the input pressure and the force of gravity. We prove the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions global in time, and we emphasize the study of the properties of the moving boundary separating the two fluids.

Corrigendum "Long term prognosis of ventriculoatrial shunt for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly" Kiyoshi Takagi (1,2), Yoko Kato (2) • Centre of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Nagareyama Central Hospital, Japan. • Fujita Health University Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Japan. Romanian Neurosurgery (2017) XXXI 4: 490 - 494; doi: 10.1515/romneu-2017-0076 Correction to: Romanian Neurosurgery (2017) XXXI 4: 490 - 494; doi: 10.1515/romneu-2017-0076; published 15 December 2017 Since the publication of the article, the journal was notified that the authors were incorrectly presented. The authors are after correction: Long term prognosis of ventriculoatrial shunt for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly Kiyoshi Takagi (1,2), Yoko Kato (2) • Centre of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Nagareyama Central Hospital, Japan. • Fujita Health University Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Japan. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Summary: Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study was done in patients having caesarean delivery in 183 hospitals across 22 countries in Africa. The inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating centres having elective and non-elective caesarean delivery during the 7-day study cohort period. To ensure a representative sample, each hospital had to provide data for 90% of the eligible patients during the recruitment week. The primary outcome was in-hospital maternal mortality and complications, which were assessed by local investigators. The study was registered on the South African National Health Research Database, number KZ_2015RP7_22, and on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03044899. Findings: Between February, 2016, and May, 2016, 3792 patients were recruited from hospitals across Africa. 3685 were included in the postoperative complications analysis (107 missing data) and 3684 were included in the maternal mortality analysis (108 missing data). These hospitals had a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 per 100 000 population (IQR 0·2–2·0). Maternal mortality was 20 (0·5%) of 3684 patients (95% CI 0·3–0·8). Complications occurred in 633 (17·4%) of 3636 mothers (16·2–18·6), which were predominantly severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding (136 [3·8%] of 3612 mothers). Maternal mortality was independently associated with a preoperative presentation of placenta praevia, placental abruption, ruptured uterus, antepartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 4·47 [95% CI 1·46–13·65]), and perioperative severe obstetric haemorrhage (5·87 [1·99–17·34]) or anaesthesia complications (11·47 (1·20–109·20]). Neonatal mortality was 153 (4·4%) of 3506 infants (95% CI 3·7–5·0). Interpretation: Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications. Neonatal mortality is double the global average. Early identification and appropriate management of mothers at risk of peripartum haemorrhage might improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in Africa. Funding: Medical Research Council of South Africa.

Baryon number conservation is not guaranteed by any fundamental symmetry within the standard model, and therefore has been a subject of experimental and theoretical scrutiny for decades. So far, no evidence for baryon number violation has been observed. Large underground detectors have long been used for both neutrino detection and searches for baryon number violating processes. The next generation of large neutrino detectors will seek to improve upon the limits set by past and current experiments and will cover a range of lifetimes predicted by several Grand Unified Theories. In this White Paper, we summarize theoretical motivations and experimental aspects of searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments.

Abstract Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide foodborne zoonosis disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni. This microorganism is considered a commensal bacterium in chicken hosts. C. jejuni produces epithelial cell modifications and induces a cytokine gene transcription innate immunity repertoire. In the present study, we describe the invasiveness, morphological cellular modifications, and transcript level expressions of innate immune cytokines from C. jejuni-inoculated chicken ileum explants. C. jejuni was internalized by epithelial ileum cells at 15 minutes postinoculation (p.i.) and was detected intracellularly for 4hs (p.i.). Inoculated explants displayed significant increases in cell height. C. jejuni induced a significant elevation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 (TGF-b3) and Interleukin-1b (IL-1b) transcripts. In conclusion, C. jejuni is internalized in explanted epithelial ileum cells, produces morphological cell modifications, and induces gene transcription of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Background: Momordica charantia is a vine, native to tropics and subtropics that has found use in herbal medicine. In Nigeria, the plant is locally used in the treatment of diabetes. Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on α-glucosidase activity. Method: The inhibitory effect of the terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on the activity of alpha-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as the determination of the mode of inhibition were investigated using in vitro assay methods. Results: The results revealed that the terpenoid-rich extract had a high IC50 of 1.60 mg/mL. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the extract exhibited partially mixed–type inhibition of α-glucosidase. Conclusions: It can be inferred from this study that although terpenoid-rich extract inhibited α- glucosidase, further purification will be necessary on the extract so as to increase its potency as an inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The action of the extract on α-glucosidase provided an insight into the probable mechanism of action of Momordica charantia in reducing hyperglycemia.

In the face of the sixth great extinction crisis, it is imperative to establish effective breeding protocols for amphibian conservation breeding programs. Captive efforts should not proceed by trial and error, nor should they jump prematurely to assisted reproduction techniques, which can be invasive, difficult, costly, and, at times, counterproductive. Instead, conservation practitioners should first look to nature for guidance, and replicate key conditions found in nature in the captive environment, according to the ecological and behavioral requirements of the species. We tested the effect of a natural hibernation regime on reproductive behaviors and body condition in the Endangered mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa. Hibernation had a clear positive effect on reproductive behavior, manifesting in vocal advertisement signaling, female receptivity, amplexus, and oviposition. These behaviors are critical components of courtship that lead to successful reproduction. Our main finding was that captive R. muscosa require a hibernation period for successful reproduction, as only hibernated females produced eggs and only hibernated males successfully fertilized eggs. Although hibernation also resulted in a reduced body condition, the reduction appeared to be minimal with no associated mortality. The importance of hibernation for reproduction is not surprising, since it is a major component of the conditions that R. muscosa experiences in the wild. Other amphibian conservation breeding programs can also benefit from a scientific approach that tests the effect of natural ecological conditions on reproduction. This will ensure that captive colonies maximize their role in providing genetic reservoirs for assurance and reintroduction efforts.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsAll THA for osteoarthritis patients from 2007 to 2020 within the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database were included in this study. Subjects were subsequently divided into cohorts based on APRI. Four groups, including normal range, some liver damage, significant fibrosis, and cirrhosis groups, were created. Comparisons between groups were made for demographics, past medical history, and rate of major and minor complications. Other outcomes included readmission, reoperation, discharge destination, mortality, periprosthetic fracture, and postoperative hip dislocation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the role of preoperative APRI in predicting adverse outcomes. Statistical significance was set at p

Fracture injection/shut-in tests are commonly used to measure the state of stress in the subsurface. Injection creates a hydraulic fracture (or in some cases, opens a preexisting fracture), and then the pressure after shut-in is monitored to identify fracture closure. Different interpretation procedures have been proposed for estimating closure, and the procedures sometimes yield significantly different results. In this study, direct, in-situ strain measurements are used to observe fracture reopening and closure. The tests were performed as part of the EGS Collab project, a mesoscale project performed at 1.25 and 1.5 km depth at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. The tests were instrumented with the SIMFIP tool, a double-packer probe with a high-resolution three-dimensional borehole displacement sensor. The measurements provide a direct observation of the fracture closure signature, enabling a high-fidelity estimate of the fracture closure stress (ie, the normal stress on the fracture). In two of the four tests, injection created an opening mode fracture, and so the closure stress can be interpreted as the minimum principal stress. In the other two tests, injection probably opened preexisting natural fractures, and so the closure stress can be interpreted as the normal stress on the fractures. The strain measurements are compared against different proposed methods for estimating closure stress from pressure transients. The shut-in transients are analyzed with two techniques that are widely used in the field of petroleum engineering – the ‘tangent’ method and the ‘compliance’ method. In three of the four tests, the tangent method significantly underestimates the closure stress. The compliance method is reasonably accurate in all four tests. Closure stress is also interpreted using two other commonly-used methods – ‘first deviation from linearity’ and the method of (Hayashi and Haimson, 1991). In comparison with the SIMFIP data, these methods tend to overestimate the closure stress, evidently because they identify closure from early-time transient effects, such as near-wellbore tortuosity. In two of the tests, microseismic imaging provides an independent estimate of the size of the fracture created by injection. When combined with a simple mass balance calculation, the SIMFIP stress measurements yield predictions of fracture size that are reasonably consistent with the estimates from microseismic. The calculations imply an apparent fracture toughness 2-3x higher than typical laboratory-derived values.

A total of 1.500 male Cobb 500 broilers were used to determine the optimal digestible lysine level for 18 to 40-day-old broilers. The experimental period started when broilers were 18 days old and had an initial average weight of 737 ± 20 g. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, with five lysine levels, totaling five treatments with 10 replicates of 30 birds each. The experimental diets contained equal energy and protein levels, and 0.86, 0.95, 1.04, 1.13, and 1.22% digestible lysine. The following parameters were evaluated: average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and parts yield, and abdominal fat percentage. There was a quadratic effect (p

Aims: To evaluate the clinical presentations and surgical outcome in patients with open globe injuries in a tertiary ophthalmological centre in Bharatpur Eye Hospital, Bharatpur. Methods: Seventy nine patients with ocular injury who underwent surgery were included in the study. The type of injury, surgical interventions and final visual outcome were recorded. The period of study was from 2012 May to 2013 May. Results: Injury was mild in 48 (60.8 %), moderate in 17 (21.5 %) & severe in 14 (17.7 %) cases (International Ocular Trauma Classification). Forty six (58.2 %) cases had only primary repair, 27 (34.2 %) had associated lens extraction, 12(15.2 % )had vitrectomy, 2 (2.5 %) had retinal detachment surgery, one (1.3 %) had intra-ocular foreign body removal, one (1.3 %) evisceration. Thirteen 16.5 %) cases underwent secondary procedures. Final vision was 6\18 or better in 20 (25.3 %), 6\18-6\60 in 14 (17.7 %) and Conclusion: Present analysis reveals that open globe injuries can present in varying severity &though the overall prognosis is grave, prompt surgical intervention can result in better visual outcome. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-2, 9-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i2.9678