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This study empirically examines the predictive relationship between Institutional Autonomy (IA) and Academic Freedom (AF) whilst controlling for the mediating effect of corporate governance (CG) amongst selected higher education institutions in Ghana. It also looks at the difference between females and males and their perceptions of the predictive relationship under the study. Using the explanatory research design, structured questionnaires were administered to 128 teaching and non-teaching staff of selected higher education institutions in Ghana. Structured equation modeling (SEM) via Smart PLS 4.0 was used for analyzing the research questions. The study finds that institutional autonomy is statistically significant in predicting academic freedom and corporate governance effectively mediates the predictive relationship between institutional autonomy and academic freedom. In order to create a viable environment for academic work and ingenuity to thrive, the management of higher education institutions should allow autonomy in areas such as organization, academics, finance and staffing in order to improve academic freedom. This study is founded on the theories of the academic oligarchy model, the stakeholder theory and the gender schema theory the study elucidates how corporate governance significantly mediates the predictive relationship between institutional autonomy and academic freedom within the context of higher education in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractForgiveness is a process in which individuals may experience different emotions, motivations, and interpretations in response to an interpersonal offense. This process seeks to promote personal and social well-being as its ultimate goal. The present study explores the main difficulties that people over 65 years old face in this process. We used the life story technique as primary research material to address our research question: What difficulties do older adults face in the process of forgiving? Thematic content analysis allowed identifying a set of meanings from the data. Our participants (N = 20) report five main difficulties in the process of forgiving: self-conflicts; avoidance of the painful experience by being purely conceptual; overwhelming vulnerability; assignment of forgiveness responsibility to an Other; avoidance by suppression of the painful experience. We explore—through the theory of the dialogical self—the way in which these difficulties imply the experience of forgiving. The difficulties experienced underscore the importance of exploring facilitative therapeutic strategies to assist individuals over 65 years old who are willing to forgive those who have offended them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractResults from a study using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in the United States with a primarily Catholic population show that there are indeed two discernible forms of religiosity (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic), and both constructs were shown to be independent from spirituality. After demonstrating discriminant validity between these three exogenous constructs, intrinsic religiosity was shown to negatively influence materialism, while extrinsic religiosity was shown to positively influence materialism and community connectedness. Spirituality negatively influenced materialism and positively influenced life satisfaction. Finally, materialism negatively influenced community connectedness but not life satisfaction while the latter two constructs were shown to be strongly positively correlated. Implications for understanding human values, the theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research questions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a Central African country with the second largest surface area and the fourth largest population on the continent. DRC has witnessed numerous innovations and faced several challenges including health, economic, and social crises. Research question: This historical review aims to outline major developments in DRC neurosurgical practice with an emphasis on challenges and potential solutions. Material and methods: This historical review was compiled using data from stakeholder interviews, grey literature (health policy and event documentation at the hospital, provincial, and national levels) and peer-reviewed document analysis. The authors used triangulation to verify the data collected by each method and the final data were abstracted and presented narratively. Results: The first neurosurgery unit was established in the capital, Kinshasa, in 1979. This centre aimed to provide much needed neurosurgical services and training with the limited resources available at the time. As of July 2023, DRC has 19 neurosurgeons including 2 of female gender. Four neurosurgeons from the diaspora deliver care part-time supplementing the local specialist workforce and 7 residents are enrolled at the University of Kinshasa residency programme. In addition, there are at least 22 DRC residents training in other centres worldwide. Conclusions: DRC neurosurgery has faced numerous challenges, some of which have been overcome in the past decade. The recent improvements are encouraging for this country of more than 95 million inhabitants but more effort and time will be needed to fully overcome existing challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers face the trade-off between publishing mobility data along with their papers while protecting the privacy of the individuals. In addition to the anonymization process, other techniques, such as spatial discretization and location concealing or removal, are applied to achieve these dual objectives. The primary research question is whether concealing the observation area is an adequate form of protection or whether human mobility patterns in urban areas are inherently revealing of location. The characteristics of the mobility data, such as the number of activity records in a given spatial unit, can reveal the silhouette of the urban landscape, which can be used to infer the identity of the city in question. The presented locating method was tested on multiple cities using different open datasets and coarser spatial discretization units. While publishing mobility data is essential for research, concealing the observation area is insufficient to prevent the identification of the urban area. Instead of obscuring the observation area, noise should be added to the trajectories to mitigate privacy risks regarding the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communion and agency are two essential dimensions for understanding personality traits. This study comprised 49 in-depth interviews and three focus groups with experienced social workers in China to address the following research questions: (1) What is the orientation of Chinese social workers towards communion and agency? (2) What challenges do they encounter in their daily practice? (3) How do they interpret and utilize agency in coping with these challenges? The findings revealed three main themes: (a) Participants demonstrated a clear preference for communion over agency, reflecting a strong orientation towards social concern; (b) The professional challenges faced by participants varied significantly across career stages, with distinct requirements for agency at each stage; and (c) Participants' understanding of agency was primarily rooted in professional competence. At different career stages, participants displayed varying levels of professional competence and agency, both of which were essential for addressing social concerns and developing strategies for long-term professional survival. The study suggests that social workers need to balance social concerns with individual development, view social work rationally as an ordinary job, and focus on enhancing both their professional competence and personal agency to achieve their aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) aims to align educational outcomes with the demands of modern healthcare. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) serve as key tools for feedback and professional development within CBME. With the growing body of literature on EPAs, there is a need to synthesize existing research on stakeholders' experiences and perceptions to enhance understanding of the implementation and impact of EPAs. In this synthesis, we will address the following research questions: How are Entrustable Professional Activities experienced and perceived by stakeholders in various healthcare settings, and what specific challenges and successes do they encounter during their implementation? Methods: Using Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis method, we will systematically review and integrate findings from qualitative and mixed-methods research on EPAs. The process includes a purposive literature search, assessment of evidence quality, data extraction, and synthesis to combine descriptive and analytical themes. Discussion: This study aims to provide insights into the use of EPAs for competency-based education, reflecting diverse contexts and viewpoints, and identifying literature gaps. The outcomes will guide curriculum and policy development, improve educational practices, and set future research directions, ultimately aligning CBME with clinical realities. Trial Registration: Not required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its diverse forms, authentic writing carries the potential to connect literacy practice to an author's ‘real world’. While contemporary approaches to authentic writing instruction—advocating writer‐centred, intertextual and culturally relevant productions—are most often explored in formal learning contexts like classrooms, this paper seeks to amplify the mentorship strategies employed within an informal youth centre learning space in Montreal, Canada. The following research questions have guided this work: (1) How do adult mentors leverage authentic writing principles to support adolescents' participation within two writing‐based programmes developed in a youth centre context? (2) How do the interests, perspectives and backgrounds of adult mentors shape the mentorship strategies they choose to employ? Data collected and analysed through participant‐focused ethnographic approaches assist the author in revealing how adult writing mentors draw from their own cultural, linguistic and embodied experiences to foster interest‐driven, culturally sustaining and community‐based writing opportunities for adolescents. The four key mentorship themes emerging through this research—centring the essential role of writing journeys, identities and communities while acknowledging several barriers to authentic writing—advocate drawing from the rich literacy practices thriving within informal contexts to inform contemporary writing curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the development and global landscape of multimodal teaching research from 1995 to 2023, focusing on influential contributors, thematic trends, and emerging research directions. Aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field's evolution and future potential, this study addresses three core research questions: (1) How has research in multimodal teaching progressed over time? (2) What are the primary topics and current concerns in multimodal teaching research? (3) What theoretical and practical implications arise from these findings, and what opportunities exist for future exploration? Employing a mixed-methods approach with bibliometric and content analysis, 689 articles were analyzed, revealing significant growth in research output, particularly since 2016. Analysis using CiteSpace identified major contributors, including Nanyang Technological University and the State University System of Florida, with the United States, China, and Australia leading in publication volume. Prominent research themes include augmented reality, cognitive load, early childhood education, and multimedia human-computer interaction, reflecting an increasing focus on technology-enhanced learning environments. This study not only highlights the current trends in multimodal teaching but also proposes a conceptual framework and future research directions, offering valuable insights for the adaptation of educational practices in increasingly digital and multimodal contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine autonomy within treatment and recovery from longstanding and severe eating disorders (EDs). Background: The typically early age of onset, high incidence, and prolonged duration of EDs, has a high personal, relational, and financial burden for people who experience them. Current treatment practices rely on the exertion of external control and influence which has profound impacts on people living with EDs as well as the relationship and interactions between them and their treating professionals. Yet scant research focuses specifically on how people with EDs, especially longstanding and severe presentations, experience autonomy. Centring the lived experience voice is essential to deconstruct power imbalances and develop more effective recovery pathways. Methods: A Rapid Evidence Review answered the research question, How do people with longstanding and severe eating disorders experience autonomy and recovery? Five electronic databases, the International Journal of Eating Disorders, and topic-specific grey literature from 2000–2021 were systematically searched. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. All findings and primary lived experience quotations relevant to the review topic were extracted, charted, and analysed. Reflexive Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke in Qual Psychol 9:3–26, 2021; Braun and Clarke in Qual Res Psychol 3:77–101, 2006;) was undertaken to inform the key findings and discussion. Findings: The researchers identified four central themes that characterise the experience of autonomy in treatment and recovery for people with longstanding and severe EDs: Self versus ED, Self in Treatment, Self in Recovery, and Others in Relation to Self. Novel theoretical contributions to understanding longstanding and severe EDs include the 'Lack of Autonomy' Loop, 'Relational Autonomy' and the diversity of definitions of recovery. Discussion: This review highlights the critical role of autonomy in the treatment and recovery of individuals with longstanding and severe EDs. It underscores the importance of addressing past trauma and integrating trauma-focused therapy within ED treatment. The findings advocate for collaborative, tailored, and autonomy-supportive approaches that empower individuals to break the cycle of disempowerment and promote sustained recovery. Conclusion: The review highlights the need for conceptual and practice development to leverage desire-focused, relational approaches for effective healing and recovery. Plain english summary: We conducted a Rapid Evidence Review to examine the research question: How do people with longstanding and severe eating disorders experience autonomy and recovery? We systematically searched the International Journal of Eating Disorders, scholarly databases, and industry reports released between 2000 and 2021. Our findings redefine autonomy by exploring people's relationship to themselves, their eating disorder, and others in their lives, and their experiences of agency. Our research combats the power dynamic that frequently favours researcher knowledge, illuminating shortcomings of current treatment models, providing alternate approaches for the field to consider, and offering directions for future research and policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of incorporating lived experiences into research, particularly in health and social care settings, through participatory inquiry methods. It pays tribute to Professor Carol Munn-Giddings, who advocated for participatory research approaches that engage citizens and practitioners as researchers. The article highlights the challenges faced by researchers, especially early career researchers, in adopting these innovative methods and emphasizes the need for disrupting hierarchical structures in research. The special issue showcases various creative forms of participatory inquiry and reflects on the potential impact of these approaches on individuals and communities, ultimately aiming for socially just change. [Extracted from the article]

In this article, we map the profiles of the 300 dominant political and administrative ‘top positions’ within the European Union institutions one and a half years after their appointment following the 2019 European elections. In doing so, this analysis aims to contribute to the state-of-the-art in EU politics and governance and to answer research questions at the crossroads of field theory, the sociology of elites and European integration theory. Based on the statistical analysis of various indicators of EU institutions’ leaders’ background and socio-professional career paths (including a Multiple correspondence analysis), the paper breaks with the dominant debate on eurocracy as a monist or pluralist elite to show that the EU institutions’ leadership constellation actually forms a triarchy between three groups that are quite balanced and, for two of them, more embedded in the European nation-states than might have been thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current food production and consumption practices are impacting both human and planetary health. Though these challenges are multifaceted, shifting to healthy dietary choices from sustainable food systems is one solution. Food-based labelling is a common public-health strategy aimed at influencing consumption practices, primarily displaying front-of-pack nutrition labelling to encourage healthier choices. Due to the dual impact of food on human and planetary health there is a growing need to additionally include environmental impact information. However, this potentially conflicting information could overwhelm consumers, necessitating a simplified approach that combines both nutritive and environmental values. Previous work has identified existing models, termed sustainable food profiling models, for labelling of individual food products based on their environmental impacts and nutritive value. Foods are rarely eaten in isolation and are often consumed as composite meals, which aggregate to diets. Therefore, it is important to identify indices that exist to assess or rank meals and diets according to their nutritional and environmental impacts. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines, our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 01 May 2024 (PROSPERO registration ID = CRD42024537149). In the present protocol the methodology to identify and review existing food-based indices for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact of meals and diets and their intended public health purpose is described. Our primary research questions are: (i) what food-based indices assessing nutritive value and environmental impact exist for classification or ranking of meals or diets? and (ii) what are the methods used to create, and the key characteristics of, these indices?. The results are expected to increase understanding of, and highlight the variation in, the creation of combined measures for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact for meals and diets. Additionally, findings can be used to inform researchers, business, and policy actors on future approaches for labelling foods, meals, or diets in a way that supports healthy and sustainable meal choices and diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying contextual factors that might support or hinder implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions for youth in low- and middle- income countries may improve implementation success by increasing the alignment of intervention implementation with local needs and resources. This study engaged community partners in Sierra Leone to: (a) investigate barriers and facilitators to implementing a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools; (b) develop an implementation blueprint to address identified implementation barriers; (c) explore the feasibility of using the implementation blueprint methodology in Sierra Leone. Methods: We recruited Ministry of Education Officials (n = 2), teachers (n = 15) and principals (n = 15) in Sierra Leone to participate in needs assessment qualitative interviews. We used a rapid qualitative analysis approach to analyze data. Three team members summarized transcripts based on domains aligned with the structured research questions, organized themes into a matrix, and identified and discussed key themes to arrive at consensus. We then reconvened community partners to discuss implementation strategies that could address identified barriers. Participants ranked barriers according to high/low feasibility and high/low importance and selected implementation strategies for the blueprint. Results: Qualitative results revealed several implementation barriers: teacher/parent/student buy-in; teacher motivation; scheduling time; limited funding; waning interest; daily hardships outside of school. Strategies selected included: develop/distribute educational materials; conduct education meetings/outreach; identify and prepare champions; access new funding. Conclusions: Engaging community partners to develop an implementation blueprint for integration of a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools was feasible and may increase implementation effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper presents the first comprehensive literature review of deep learning (DL) applications in additive manufacturing (AM). It addresses the need for a thorough analysis in this rapidly growing yet scattered field, aiming to bring together existing knowledge and encourage further development. Our research questions cover three major areas of AM: (i) design for AM, (ii) AM modeling, and (iii) monitoring and control in AM. We use a step-by-step approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to select papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases, aligning with our research questions. We include only those papers that implement DL across seven major AM categories - binder jetting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and vat photopolymerization. Our analysis reveals a trend towards using deep generative models, such as generative adversarial networks, for generative design in AM. It also highlights an increasing effort to incorporate process physics into DL models to improve AM process modeling and reduce data requirements. Additionally, there is growing interest in using 3D point cloud data for AM process monitoring, alongside traditional 1D and 2D formats. Finally, this paper summarizes the current challenges and recommends some of the promising opportunities in this domain for further investigation with a special focus on (i) generalizing DL models for a wide range of geometry types, (ii) managing uncertainties both in AM data and DL models, (iii) overcoming limited, imbalanced, and noisy AM data issues by incorporating deep generative models, and (iv) unveiling the potential of interpretable DL for AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a cross-sectoral analysis of service flows, with a particular emphasis on technologically advanced services, from China to the European manufacturing sector. The research question examines the extent to which the increasing integration of Chinese technologically advanced services into European manufacturing aligns with China’s internal trends in servicification and its strategic agenda for expanding service exports within global value chains. Employing input-output modelling, the study demonstrates China’s expanding role as a supplier of technologically advanced services to European manufacturing and identifies specific industries within Europe that exhibit the highest dependency on Chinese services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Developing students' metacognitive awareness and self‐efficacy is crucial for fostering independent learning and higher‐order thinking skills, especially in research‐related tasks. Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of cultivating higher‐order thinking skills in higher education, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of effective instructional methods for fostering these skills among students. To address this gap, this study examines the impact of instructional practices on undergraduate students' metacognitive awareness and self‐efficacy in research question formulation—a fundamental skill in academic inquiry. Using a pretest/posttest design, 291 students from two colleges participated in courses where active and passive instructional methods served as the intervention. Our analysis reveals that active instructional methods were associated with marked improvements in self‐efficacy. The study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of active, student‐centred pedagogies in enhancing cognitive and self‐regulatory capacities. These findings offer educators practical guidance for designing instructional interventions that cultivate critical thinking and research skills, ultimately advancing student learning and success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers investigated the effects of conducting Parent-Teacher Consultation to the roles of parents and outcomes among the identified Learners at-Risks of Nagpayong High School from school year 2021-2022. Respondents were section advisers, learners at-risks and the learners at-risks' parents who were selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in this study. Mixed method was utilized to obtain answers to the research questions using researcher-made questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed the teachersinitiated teacher-parent conference (PTC) through distance communication, face-to-face meeting, other means of communication and exerted interventions. Then, findings were positively manifested in the effects of PTC to the roles of parents. Results also revealed that parents modelled positive attitudes, did monitoring, got involved academically, collaborated with the school, and motivated the learners; however, it also exposed leniency among parents as they still allow their children to skip classes and play mobile games despite their school responsibilities. Also, giving rewards is not highly practiced by parents. Students also narrated learning experiences such as Home-related factors, Lack of Resources, Leisure as Distraction, and Learning Behaviour and Attitude as the perceived causes of their poor performances. Conducting PTC was believed to affect their feelings, actions and relationship with their parents. Also, teachers expressed home-related factors, lack of interest, lack of resources and dishonesty that caused them problems in conducting PTC. On the other hand, teachers' responses about the effects of PTC were categorized into positive and negative: parents' active participation, realization of the needs, consistent monitoring, learners' active participation, understanding of rules, strengthened communication and relationship, parent's positive response and increased passing rate are the unfolded positive effects; while too much consideration, habitual actions, low quality of learners and blaming teachers are the conveyed negative effects. Lastly, the researchers extracted recommendations for teacher's involvement, school administration support, and parents' motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diseases pose significant threats to persons' well-being and mental health leading to stress, anxiety and depression without effective resilience strategies. However, experiences to gain resilience in living with chronic disease in the context of Asian countries remain insufficiently explored. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of qualitative evidence that explores the lived experience that cultivates resilience in chronic diseases among adults within Asian countries. Methods: A comprehensive review of five databases - Web of Sciences, Ebsco (Medline), PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus was carried out, following the Joanna Brings Institute (JBI) standards and employing PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline. The review encompassed studies published in English from January 2013 to December 2023. Four reviewers assessed the literature's eligibility and extracted relevant lived experiences to address the research question based on prior studies. Subsequently, a content analysis was performed. Results: Of the 3651 articles screened, 12 were included in this review. Three key themes emerged: (1) Sociocultural norms shaped resilience, delved into the culturally-mediated childhood development, traditional cultural beliefs, social relationships and supports and spirituality (2) Positive emotions nurtured resilience highlighted optimistic about becoming healthy, self-efficacy in self-care, endurance during hardship, self-reflection on health, acceptance of having disease, and appreciation of life while (3) Problem-solving strategies fostered resilience underlined improve disease literacy, ability to deal with disease challenges and engage in meaningful activities. Conclusion: Our review addresses important research gaps on sociocultural norms that shaped resilience in chronic disease despite a small number of research. Therefore, this warrants further studies on how the traditional cultures and beliefs influence resilience among the Asian population living with chronic disease. Further research should thoroughly describe the qualitative methodologies and theoretical framework to provide more comprehensive information on the experience of resilience in chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: At the turn of the 21st century, concerns emerged regarding whether research at the intersection of psychology and political science should be regarded as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science or an independent, interdisciplinary field that contributes to both disciplines. More than twenty years later, how does the literature on political decision-making approach this issue? Should this application of political cognition research be viewed as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science, or as an independent interdisciplinary field contributing to both political science and psychology? This study examines the organizational framework of research and the trends in publications within the literature on political decision-making. Methods: Through a bibliometric analysis, this study aims to enhance readers' understanding of the disciplinary characteristics of research in political decision-making. The analysis examines how publications are distributed across various disciplines and among different researchers contributing to the study of political decision-making, as well as the most frequently used methodologies in this field. Results: The findings suggest that research tends to be more multidisciplinary than strictly interdisciplinary. This conclusion is based on three observations: (i) most publications are in political science journals; (ii) much of the research is conducted by political scientists; and (iii) the research mainly uses political science frameworks and observational designs despite political scientists' familiarity with experimental designs. Departmental affiliation is the key factor in predicting cited literature, with political scientists favoring political science research and psychologists leaning towards psychology research. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that while political decision-making research draws on expertise from both disciplines, it remains fundamentally anchored in political science. Recommendations include attending conferences outside the researcher's primary discipline, provided they are relevant to their research agenda. Researchers should explore the various specialized grants and funding opportunities that aim to promote the development of new research questions and testing new methods, theoretical approaches, and innovative ideas. Faculty should integrate various disciplines into the curriculum to offer valuable and broadly applicable knowledge. By promoting open interdisciplinary dialogue, political scientists and psychology researchers can work together more effectively to tackle the challenges of political decision-making research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Droughts of increasing severity and frequency are a primary cause of forest mortality associated with climate change. Yet, fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the complex physiology of trees limit the development of more effective management strategies to mitigate drought effects on forests. Here, we highlight some of the basic research needed to better understand tree drought physiology and how new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches can be used to address them. Our discussion focuses on how trees change wood development to mitigate water stress, hormonal responses to drought, genetic variation underlying adaptive drought phenotypes, how trees ‘remember’ prior stress exposure, and how symbiotic soil microbes affect drought response. Next, we identify opportunities for using research findings to enhance or develop new strategies for managing drought effects on forests, ranging from matching genotypes to environments, to enhancing seedling resilience through nursery treatments, to landscape‐scale monitoring and predictions. We conclude with a discussion of the need for co‐producing research with land managers and extending research to forests in critical ecological regions beyond the temperate zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-study research challenges professionals to closely examine their practices, the decisions and actions that shape them, and their commitment to their own development. Focusing on the self is not about navel-gazing but deepening professional learning to better serve others. We are three teacher educators from research-intensive institutions who have collaborated for over ten years, integrating the arts into self-study methodology to address critical educational challenges in South Africa. This study employed a multilayered approach to explore how and why arts-inspired collaborative self-study as a mode of professional learning both sustains our engagement and motivates us to do more as teacher educators and researchers. Our data sources were a) three published articles demonstrating our self-study research, b) rich pictures we each produced to answer our research questions, and c) voice notes elucidating our drawings. Data analysis involved crafting a collective poem using words and phrases extracted from tweets based on the voice notes. Combining multiple data sources with creative representation and analysis enabled us to depict and view our professional learning in various forms. Dialoguing with each other and critical friends, followed by poetic feedback from a diverse group of conference attendees, expanded our insights. Our creative interactions demonstrated the professional and methodological merit of inviting many perspectives and approaches to self-study. Multiple viewpoints and inventive methods increase self-study research’s potential for enriching professional learning within a creative and resourceful community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sustainable consumption and organic, healthier food are gaining increasing public attention. The discussion builds a more conscious and responsible society. With these matters on the table, corporations feel consumer pressure to reduce the food industry's environmental footprint. The article aims to analyse the determinants of the purchase intent of plant-based food. It poses five research questions. Design/methodology/approach: The objective was achieved through a literature review concerning the values that affect the purchase intent of plant-based food and through empirical research. The research involved a survey of 208 respondents from Poland. The data were analysed through structural equation modelling with PLS-SEM in R-Studio. We validated the scales for measuring consumption values of plant-based food and built a model to explain the purchase intent. Findings: According to the model, the primary driver of the intent is emotional value. Other statistically significant factors are epistemic and conditional values. Practical implications: The results can be useful to future investors in the plant-based food market and those already present in this sector. Originality/value: The novelty of the research lies in the identification of the values driving the purchase intent of plant-based food that consumers find the most important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategy as practice is one of the most vibrant approaches to strategy research. Yet, there is significant ambiguity around what characterizes an activity as strategic and thus as falling into the domain of strategy as practice. In this article, we address this fundamental concern by differentiating four distinctive views of what qualifies activities as strategic: (1) activities that have important consequences, (2) activities that are labeled strategic, (3) activities carried out by strategists, and (4) activities that perform an important recurrent pattern. Each of these views is associated with different research questions resulting in different research insights. We discuss how the four views together form a new research framework that expands the notion of strategy and thereby the research domain of strategic management. Managerial Summary: Strategy as practice is an important approach to studying strategic management that focuses on strategic activities. However, there is significant ambiguity around what characterizes activities as strategic. In this article, we identify four different views on this question: (1) activities that have important consequences, (2) activities that are labeled strategic, (3) activities carried out by strategists, and (4) activities that perform an important recurrent pattern of activities. Each of these views is associated with different questions and thus with different types of insights. We suggest that the four views together form a research framework that reveals distinctive links between strategy as practice and other lines of strategy research and that expands our notion of strategy and thereby the domain of strategic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual analysis focuses on opportunities to advance research and current hypotheses of perceptual development by examining what is presently known and unknown about perceptual specialization in a Multiracial context during the first year of life. The impact of being raised in a Multiracial family or community is discussed to further characterize the development of perceptual expertise for faces and languages. Historical and present-day challenges faced by researchers in defining what race is, identifying Multiracial individuals or contexts, and how to study perceptual and cognitive processes in this population are discussed. We propose to leverage current data from developmental Multilingual populations as a guide for future research questions and hypotheses characterizing perceptual specialization based on face race for Multiracial/Multiethnic individuals and contexts. Variability of input and the pattern of specialization are two factors identified from the developmental Multilingual literature that are likely useful for studying Multiracial contexts and development. Several methodological considerations are proposed in hopes of facilitating research questions and practices that are reflective of and informed by the diversity of experiences and social complexities within Multiracial populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Material and Methods Results Conclusions Clinical Significance To report and compare the survival of minimally invasive direct and indirect restorations of different materials for restoring the worn dentition.A systematic search was conducted in six databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, VHL, and EMBASE. The eligibility criteria of this systematic review used the PICO framework to address the following research question: “In dentate patients with a worn dentition (P), does rehabilitating their lost tooth structure with indirect restorations (I) or direct (C) effect the survival and success of treatment (O)?”. Study characteristics, survival rates of the restorations were extracted from each article. No language restrictions were applied. Survival and prevalence estimates were calculated using random‐effect models.The electronic search yielded 5009 entries, resulting in 14 publications selected for full‐text analysis. These included 2 RCTs, 7 prospective, and 5 retrospective studies, with a varying level of methodological quality. This included 52% direct and 48% indirect restorations, using varying materials and follow‐up periods. The survival of direct composite resin restorations versus indirect manually processed composite resin restorations showed no significant difference (n = 2; OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 0.64–5.05]; p = 0.270). For the prospective articles, the pooled prevalence estimates of the survival restorations were; direct (n = 3; 99% [95% CI, 0.97–1.00]) and; indirect (n = 5; 100% [95% CI, 0.99–1.00]). Lithium disilicate recorded the least amount of failures at 1.8%.Although the survival estimates of indirect manually processed and direct composite resins were not significantly different, indirect restorations—especially those made of lithium disilicate ceramic—may offer better survival rates, compared to direct resin restorations in patients with worn dentition.Despite the limited evidence, indirect ceramic restorations appear to be well‐suited for long‐term treatment of worn dentition, whilst direct composite resin restorations are more suited as an medium‐term solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article examines the introduction of social sciences, particularly psychology, to the emerging arena of technical assistance and training in the establishment of Swedish aid in the 60s and 70s. Departing from the assumption of Swedish aid workers as situated at the intersection between conflicting ideals, such as philanthropic, miliary, anti-imperialist, business and statal discourses, the purpose is to further unfold what ideological tensions were at play in early literature written for AWs, experts and volunteers. With inspiration from the concept of ‘psy disciplines’, three argumentative textbooks written by scholars and practitioners in 1965–1973 are studied. The research questions ask: What kind of discourses were brought to the local Swedish context of technical assistance and development training when advocating for psy expertise in this new vocation? How are they merging with other ideological tensions within development assistance? How can we understand them in their historical context and in the light of research on development training? The results show a linkage between psy theories and the recruitment practices of the American Peace Corps, travelling to and merging with the Swedish context in specific ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to describe the nursing competency, research knowledge and skills of nurses in Ghana regarding evidence-based practice. Methods: This nationwide descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 480 clinical nurses and nurse educators from both private and public institutions. Nurses were included in the study if they had a full-time or part-time appointment, were in active service, and had a valid Personal Identification Number from the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare mean rank scores between two groups, and the Kruskal Wallis H-test was used for the comparison. Results: Thirty percent of them rated their ability to formulate research questions, conduct literature search and retrieval, and critical analysis of scientific literature as fair or poor. Half of the nurses disagreed with changing to new methods, and more than half at least agreed with all the items measuring the use of evidence-based practice. One out of every 20 Nurses somewhat disagreed with formulating answerable research questions at work, and the same proportion disagreed or were neutral to integrating evidence into practice with their expertise. It was statistically significant that females (p-value = 0.001), married (p-value = 0.054), Christians (p-value<0.001), nurse educators (p-value<0.001) and part-time workers (p-value<0.001) were more likely to have higher mean scores on research knowledge and skills. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that research knowledge and skills (H = 97.281, p-value<0.001, df = 2), attitude towards evidence-based practice (H = 10.143, p-value = 0.006, df = 2), and nursing competencies (H = 9.041, p-value = 0.011, df = 2) differ for all the educational level of all nurses. Conclusion: The self-reported competencies in the various aspects of the research process and knowledge generation by both clinicians and nurse educators were good; however, the overall composite score revealed that nurses only had fair knowledge and skills in this regard. Nurses should be given the requisite training to appraise and evaluate nursing research for incorporation into nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The go-along method is a way of interviewing people in situ. Combining participant observation and interviewing, the method capitalizes on the advantages of both approaches. This places study participants in context and allows researchers to elicit the interpretations, practices, and experiences of those participants within the contexts. Based on a refugee maternal health study that involved the go-along method in the United States, we reflect on the specific research questions that this approach can help answer, the advantages and limitations of employing this methodological approach and delineate the process of conducting the go-along. The go-along method has numerous benefits in studying refugee health. It can assist in identifying the needs and challenges of people with limited language skills or low educational levels, as well as providing a more nuanced understanding of life skills and language proficiency. It can aid in the observation of interactions between study participants and people around them and provide more detailed information based on spatial cues. It can assist researchers in observing how services are delivered on the ground. More importantly, it can facilitate researchers' vicarious experiences for those who may struggle in their lives. In doing so, it can facilitate contextualized understanding of refugee and their experiences. Although this method has several limitations, such as being more time-consuming and labor-intensive compared to traditional sit-down interviews and being susceptible to external conditions, the go-along method has significant potential for exploring the health of refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objectives Design Methods Preliminary Results Conclusions The Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP) is a birth cohort study conducted in Western Pomerania, Germany. SNiP‐I recruited participants at birth between the years 2002 and 2008 (5801 inclusions). Since SNiP‐I, population sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of early exposures, including overweight and gestational diabetes (GDM), have changed.To establish a second birth cohort (SNiP‐II) in the same study area as the first population sample (SNiP‐I) a decade later to investigate changes to early life exposures.Population: Mothers with registered principal residence in the defined study area.Prospective, population‐based, birth cohort study.The baseline survey of SNiP‐II was conducted at birth between 2013 and 2017. The SNiP‐I data set, on medical, epidemiological and socioeconomic data, associated health risk factors and the living conditions of newborns and their parents, and collection and storage of biomaterials, was improved and supplemented with additional data, including fetal growth parameters, urine samples, and maternal DNA. A follow‐up survey of SNiP‐II of children and their parents was conducted using questionnaires at 5–6 years of age. In a subgroup, an additional 2‐h follow‐up with clinical testing was performed by the German Neonatal Network (GNN).The baseline survey database includes 3502 mother–infant pairs, and 1194 (34%) participated in the SNiP‐II follow‐up study, with 401 in the clinical sub‐study by GNN. Mothers in SNiP‐II were older, more likely to have GDM and to be overweight, had better SES and smoked less during pregnancy than mothers in SNiP‐I. Newborns in SNiP‐II were less likely to be hospitalised than those in SNiP‐I.Compared with SNiP‐I, SNiP‐II documents changes in the prevalence of early exposures during the prenatal and perinatal period. Using data from these prospective birth cohorts provides an opportunity to address research questions on how changes in exposures during pregnancy affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In supply chains, data is important to improve decision-making. Therefore, data sharing is essential to extract maximum benefits from technologies like Machine Learning and the Internet of Things in an Industry 4.0 context. However, data protectionism often prevails over sharing for organizations in a supply chain. In literature, researchers are looking for ways to turn data protectionism into data sharing. We present a Semi-Systematic Literature Review related to data sharing in an inter-organizational context. Our main goal is to find state-of-the-art literature and, based on this, discover a research gap related to data sharing practices in inter-organizational systems for papers that apply a rational perspective. Game theory provides such a rational perspective. We formulate research questions related to three main concepts: data sharing, inter-organizational systems and game theory. We search for related subtopics that link to the main concepts and give a definition of these. A list of search strings and inclusion criteria results in 149 papers selected for the literature review. We classify the literature with the help of nine categories, which are the basis for our main findings in the Semi-Structured Literature Review. Recent research focuses on data sharing, while older literature focuses more specifically on information and knowledge sharing. In our literature review, we note that trust is an important concept. In literature, researchers try to create trust related to technological issues with the help of blockchain. In contrast, calculus-based trust (a rational perspective) is analyzed with the help of game theory. Solving trust issues and providing incentive mechanisms could solve potential future (data) sharing issues. Based on the literature and main findings, we determine five potential research opportunities for future research to tackle (data) sharing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health care professionals often fail to adhere to evidence-based guidelines. The implementation of evidence-based methods in health care requires systematic support, but it is still unclear which strategies support professional adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Behavior change techniques can contribute to a more detailed description of implementation strategies. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the nature of studies investigating the sustainability of physiotherapists' (PTs') and occupational therapists' (OTs') clinical behavior when implementing evidence-based methods in health care. Two research questions were addressed: (1) Which implementation strategies are used in studies that have experienced sustained and unsustained changes in the clinical behavior of PTs and OTs? (2) Which behavior change techniques are used in studies involving sustained and unsustained changes in the clinical behavior of PTs and OTs? Methods: The scoping review was carried out in accordance with recommendations and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Six databases were searched. Studies evaluating changes in the clinical behavior of PTs or OTs before and at least 6 months after the end of an implementation intervention were included. Results: A total of 5130 studies were screened, and 29 studies were included. Twenty-one studies reported sustained results, and 8 studies reported unsustained results. The studies reporting sustained clinical behavior used in median 7 implementation strategies, 45% used a 12–24-month implementation support period, and 86% of the interventions were theory-based. Twenty-two implementation strategies were identified among the included studies. Only two of these defined the implementation strategies in terms of behavior change techniques. Conclusions: Studies reporting sustained results were characterized by the use of longer implementation periods, more implementation strategies, more theory-based interventions, and more behavior change techniques. Audit and feedback, resources, problem solving, and communities of practice were implementation strategies, and problem solving, demonstration of behavior, and social support were behavior change techniques that were more common in studies with sustained results of PTs' and OTs' clinical behavior. Our study also highlights the importance of well-described implementation studies. Registration: The protocol for the scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework, OSF registry (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DUYQM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This theoretical paper offers an ecofeminist analysis and critique of a specific conception of energy. The hypothesis is that, at least in the Western context, there is a characteristic socio-economic understanding of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the development of human societies. This conception corresponds to a cultural understanding that is both different from and broader than the scientific notion of energy. Such a conception has become part of several narratives, including energy policy. Our research question is: does this conception of energy as a commodity and resource affect the relation between humans and nature? And if so, how? Results: Drawing on the work of Val Plumwood, and Greta Gaard, we argue that conceiving of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the socio-economic development of human societies reinforces and mediates the hierarchical and oppressive dualism "human-nature", thus contributing to backgrounding, excluding, incorporating, and instrumentalizing some parts of nonhuman nature as well as some human groups. Conclusions: The idea of energy as a commodity shapes public debates and policies, worsening existing environmental issues. This dominant perspective affects how people respond to environmental challenges and crises, both individually and collectively. This article aims to encourage more critical and open discussions about energy. It suggests that researchers and policymakers adopt more radical and less oppressive approaches in their academic work, benefiting both the human and non-human world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are living in times of data-driven selves and data-defined artistic personas, an age in which the action of border-crossing has become a normative within an artistic work and an artist's life. We might cross the physical borders or the borders of our normatives. Each case of border-crossing awakens our awareness. The question of how an artwork is made is now as sharp as ever before. Contemporary technologies involving AI are opening a wide spectrum of possibilities for enhancing creativity and sustainability within the creation of performance artworks, which is traditionally seen as an individual process of a human creator. The main research question within this study is as follows: How can performance and workshop creation through collaboration between humans and AI and humans and technology be understood as post-humanist artistic research? The sub-question is: How is such a creation process different from artistic creation using traditional tools associated with artistic work? These questions are answered by investigating a case of Techno-Lab in Sapmi and a performance artwork creation process through the method of post-humanist artistic research. The key findings outline the main differences of post-humanist vs. anthropocentric artistic research and art production. The findings can be used to change the current normatives and enhance the radical transcorporeality through interconnections between humans and non-humans—in particular, technology and AI. The findings are relevant to art education and artistic practice representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peer recovery support services are a promising approach for improving harm reduction, treatment, and recovery-related outcomes for people who have substance use disorders. However, unique difficulties associated with the role may place peer recovery support staff [i.e., peers] at high risk for negative workforce outcomes, including burnout, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue. Objective: This scoping review protocol aims to describe a proposed effort to review the nature and extent of research evidence on peer workforce outcomes and how these outcomes might differ across service settings. Results of the review described in this protocol will help to answer the following research questions: 1) What is known about workforce-related outcomes for peers working in the substance use field?; 2) What is known about how the structure of work impacts these outcomes?; and 3) How do these outcomes differ by service setting type? Methods: A scoping review will be conducted with literature searches conducted in PsycINFO®, [EBSCO],Embase® [EBSCO], CINAHL® [EBSCO], Web of Science™ [Clarivate], and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles discussing US-based research and published in English from 1 January 1999 to 1 August 2023. The proposed review will include peer-reviewed and grey-literature published materials describing the experiences of peers participating in recovery support services and harm reduction efforts across a variety of service settings. Two evaluators will independently review the abstracts and full-text articles. We will perform a narrative synthesis, summarizing and comparing the results across service settings. Expected outputs: Publishing this protocol will help accelerate the identification of critical workforce issues, and bolster the transparency and reporting of the final review. The proposed review will assess the state of the literature on peer workforce-related outcomes and how outcomes might vary by service setting context. Results of the proposed review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Findings will inform the field regarding future directions to support the emerging peer workforce. Trial registration: Systematic review registration Submitted to Open Science Framework, August 22nd, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPurposeMethodological considerationsConclusionIn a recent publication [Bjørke, Lars, and Mikael Quennerstedt. 2023. ‘Reflecting on Student Reflections in Physical Education Practice: Moving Beyond a Theory-and-Practice Divide’. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1–14. doi:1080/17408989.2023.2281913], we conceptualised how student reflection can be understood in a way that aligns with the practical, situated and embodied nature of physical education. Although this study clarified what reflection can be in physical education practice, new questions have emerged in the wake of our discussions. One such question involves how reflection can be explored methodologically. Indeed, through mapping existing methodologies used to explore student reflection in physical education practice, we identified an urgent need for researchers to develop more coherent and rigorous frameworks for exploring student reflection in physical education practice so that our field can move beyond making educated guesses about the potential role of student reflection in physical education practice and its relationship to education and learning.The purpose of this article is to suggest and discuss methodological tools to better explore and understand reflection within the context of physical education practice.By outlining previous methodologies used to explore reflection in physical education, we identified three challenges that need to be addressed in research: (1) foregrounding student reflection as the object of knowledge in research, (2) theoretically opening up for student reflection as situated and embodied, and (3) methodologically delineating and empirically capturing student reflection. We address these three challenges by providing methodological examples of how researchers can position reflection theoretically, formulate research questions, generate and analyse data and make claims about student reflection in physical education practice. We then extend our suggestions and determine their usefulness for teachers interested in learning more about how reflection can make their pedagogical practices more educative.We argue that there is an urgent need to foreground student reflection in physical education research and to develop more coherent and rigorous methodologies for empirically exploring student reflection that, over time, allows cumulative knowledge about the why(s), what(s) and how(s) of student reflection in physical education to be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane is an important greenhouse gas but the magnitude of global emissions in particular from natural sources remain highly uncertain. To estimate methane emissions on large spatial scales, methane flux data sets from field measurements collected and processed by many different researchers must be combined. We hypothesize that considerable uncertainty might be introduced into such data synthesis products by the many different approaches used to collect, process and quality control chamber measurements of methane fluxes within the flux community. Existing guidelines on chamber measurements promote more standardized measurement and processing techniques but to our knowledge, so far, no study has investigated which methods are actually used within the flux community. Therefore, we aimed to identify major differences between the approaches for chamber methane fluxes used by different researchers. We conducted an expert survey to collect information on chamber-based methane flux measurements, including field sites, research questions, measurement setups and routines as well as data processing and quality control of data. We received 36 responses from researchers in North America, Europe, and Asia which indicated that 80 % of respondents have adopted high-frequency, multi-gas analyzers with most measurement times falling between 2 and 5 minutes. Most but not all of the respondents use recommended chamber designs, including such as airtight sealing, fans, and a pressure vent. We asked about the participants' approach to quality control and presented a standardized set of methane concentrations from observed flux measurements, then included this information for flux calculations. The responses showed broad disagreement among the experts on processes resulting in nonlinear methane concentration increases. Based on the expert responses, we estimated an uncertainty of 28 % introduced by different researchers deciding differently on discarding vs. accepting a measurement when processing a representative data set of chamber measurement. Different researchers choosing different time periods within the same measurement for flux calculation caused an additional uncertainty of 17 %. Our study highlights the need to understand drivers of the patterns visible from high-resolution analyzers and standardized procedures and guidelines for future chamber methane flux measurements. This is highly important to reliably quantify methane fluxes all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy mobile applications (apps) have grown in popularity over the past decade, with some being used to promote study recruitment or health behaviors. However, no app serves as an all-in-one solution for collecting general data for research purposes and providing women with useful and desirable features. Aim: To create and develop a Swiss pregnancy mobile app as an innovative means to collect research data and provide users with reliable information. Methods: Determining the key features of the app involved a review of the literature and assessment of popular apps in the Swiss AppStore. A team of engineers developed the app, which includes a pregnancy timeline, questionnaires for data collection, medical and psychological articles and a checklist with appointment reminders. The content was written and reviewed by healthcare providers considered experts in the topics adressed. The questionnaires are distributed based on the user's gestational age, by a chatbot. The project was authorized by the ethics commission in the canton of Vaud. An online survey of ten questions, advertised on Datamama's home screen, was conducted to assess the users' use of the app (27.11- 19.12.2022). Results: A review of 84 articles and 25 popular apps showed the need for a comprehensive pregnancy app. The development of Datamama took 2 years and included the creation of 70 medical and psychological articles and 29 questionnaires covering 300 unique variables. Six months after the launch, there were 800 users with a 73% average participation rate in the questionnaires. Sixty-five women completed the survey, with 70.8% using the app once to multiple times per week. The primary reason for using the app was to help research by answering the questionnaires, followed by access to reliable medical information. The reason most frequently ranked first for using the app was to help research by answering the questionnaires (42/65, 67% of women rated it first), followed by access to reliable medical information (34/65, 54% women rated it second). Women rated the information as clear, understandable, and interesting with a trust rating in data handling at 98.5%. The average grade for recommending the app was 8/10, with suggestions for increasing the amount of medical content and tailoring it based on gestational age. Conclusion: Datamama is the first pregnancy app to address the needs of both patients and researchers. Initial feedback from users was positive, highlighting future challenges for success. Future work will consist in improving the app, validating the data and use it to answer specific pregnancy-related research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After isolation of radioactive waste in deep geological formations, radionuclides can enter the biosphere via slow migration through engineered barriers and host rocks. The amount of radionuclides that migrate into the biosphere depends on the distance from a repository, dominant transport mechanism (diffusion vs. advection), and interaction of dissolved radionuclides with minerals present in the host rock and engineered barrier systems. Within the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 EURAD project (https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/), a series of state-of-the-art reports, which form the basis of a series of papers, have been drafted. This state-of-the-art paper aims to provide non-specialists with a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the processes contributing to the radionuclide retention and migration in clay and crystalline host rocks, in a European context. For each process, a brief theoretical background is provided, together with current methodologies used to study these processes as well as references for key data. Owing to innovative research on retention and migration and the extensive knowledge obtained over decades (in the European context), process understanding and insights are continuously improving, prompting the adaptation and refinement of conceptual descriptions regarding safety assessments. Nevertheless, there remains important research questions to be investigated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the experiences of teachers on kindergarten pupils with separation anxiety is a phenomenology that aimed to describe a phenomenon. The identification of the pupils with separation anxiety was based on their display of behavior of fear of being left alone and separated from their parents or guardians in the first few weeks of the start of the school year. The conversational partners are 15 teachers teaching kindergarten classes in the municipality of Midsayap. The conversational partners have described and narrated their lived experiences which served as the study's primary data. The experiences they openly shared were organized into themes such as common behavioral episodes, educational and learning adversities, empowering resiliency, and fostering authentic relationships. Along with these are the core ideas derived from their responses to the research questions. The study elucidated the educational challenges arising from separation anxiety, including difficulties in maintaining focus, engagement, and academic achievement. Tailored support aimed at equipping students with coping mechanisms and emotional resilience is proposed as essential for fostering their overall well-being and adaptive responses to separation-related stressors. Moreover, building authentic relationships plays an important means in supporting students' emotional needs and promoting positive outcomes. Creating a supportive and empathetic environment where pupils feel understood, valued, and safe to express their emotions is emphasized as integral to their emotional well-being and the development of healthy coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the challenges and experiences of the students under the new normal system, focusing on reading comprehension and how they could cope with those challenges with the help of the teachers and parents. The study was conducted at Manay National High School, Manay, Panabo City, Davao del Norte wherein the following research questions were asked to the selected Grade 9 students. 1. What learning struggles do you experience in the new normal education setting? 2. What are your strategies if you cannot understand the module activities? 3. What insight did you gain from learning experiences being a struggling learner in the new normal setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this article, we propose latent variable models that jointly account for responses and response times (RTs) in multidimensional personality measurements. We address two key research questions regarding the latent structure of RT distributions through model comparisons. First, we decompose RT into decision and non-decision times by incorporating irreducible minimum shifts in RT distributions, as done in cognitive decision-making models. Second, we investigate whether the speed factor underlying decision times should be multidimensional with the same latent structure as personality traits, or, if a unidimensional speed factor suffices. Comprehensive model comparisons across four distinct datasets suggest that a joint model with person-specific parameters to account for shifts in RT distributions and a unidimensional speed factor provides the best account for ordinal responses and RTs. Posterior predictive checks further confirm these findings. Additionally, simulation studies validate the parameter recovery of the proposed models and support the empirical results. Most importantly, failing to account for the irreducible minimum shift in RT distributions leads to systematic biases in other model components and severe underestimation of the nonlinear relationship between responses and RTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a means to integrate radiobiological and epidemiological data across different levels of biological organisation for an adverse outcome of interest to regulatory decision-making. The AOP approach is envisioned to improve understanding of radiation-induced effects at low doses and dose-rates and decrease the uncertainty in radiation health risk assessment. To explore the challenges in the use of AOPs, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) High-Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) Radiation/Chemical (Rad/Chem) AOP joint topical group. The HSE was completed in three phases. First, candidate research questions were solicited from radiation risk professionals via a dedicated website. Second, the over 250 questions submitted were refined by a dedicated steering committee using a best-worst scaling method. During a virtual 3-day workshop, the list of questions was further refined to the top 25 priority questions. Lastly, an internet-based survey of the broader radiation risk community lead to an orderly ranking of the 25 priority questions, again using a best-worst scaling method. Major themes from the survey included the ability of AOPs to address different levels of biological organisation, radiation quality, dose or dose rate, time patterns, and confounding variables. Broadly, these efforts will help advance the use of AOP in radiation research and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in management needs to contribute to practical relevance and applicability of research results. An approach that acknowledges the needs that emerge from practice and still offers guidance for proper research, is action research. The purpose of this paper is to expand the action research methodology, focusing the researcher's role. Two consecutive action research projects were reviewed and reflected upon from a literature-based model. The projects were analysed iteratively by two participating researchers with different experiences and backgrounds. The main finding is the outline of the mixed role in action research projects, which allows for performing high quality research in parallel with interventions in the study object organisations. Development of the mixed role concept allows practically oriented research and interventions in research projects to be developed alongside traditional research, which at large can encourage researchers to take part in practical managerial development. The action research methods were successful in the projects, as they provided a fast-track to deep insights in the companies and the ability to act and evaluate results. With the mixed role approach, we could quickly come down to details, expose assumptions, discuss new solutions and come up with more profound research questions. The mixed consultant/researcher role has been a means to keep the research schedule within acceptable limits. Hence, a consciously managed project with in-depth considerations of the mixed role of the researcher can in itself remove one of the main obstacles of action research. The mixed role is a novel concept, pragmatic but still well aligned with prior research. The establishment of the concept can inspire more researchers performing action research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Context Objective Method Results Conclusion Rapid Reviews are secondary studies aiming to deliver evidence to experts in a more timely manner and with lower costs than traditional literature reviews. Previous studies have shown that experts and researchers are positive toward Rapid Reviews. However, little is known about how Rapid Reviews differ from traditional Systematic Reviews.The goal of this paper is to compare a Rapid Review with a Systematic Review in terms of their methods (e.g., search strategy, study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction) and findings to understand how optimizing the traditional Systematic Review method impacts what we obtain with Rapid Review.To achieve this goal, we conducted a Systematic Review with the same research questions answered by a pre‐existing Rapid Review and compared those two studies. Also, we surveyed experts from industry and academia to evaluate the relevance of the findings obtained from both the secondary studies.The Rapid Review lasted 6 days, while the Systematic Review took 1 year and 2 months. The main bottlenecks we identified in the Systematic Review are (i) executing the search strategy and (ii) selecting the procedure. Together, they took 10 months. The researchers had to analyze the information from 11,383 papers for the Systematic Review compared with 1973 for the Rapid Review. Still, most (∼$$ \sim $$ 78%) of the papers included in the Systematic Review were returned by the Rapid Review search, and some papers that could be included were unduly excluded during the Rapid Review's selection procedure. Both secondary studies identified the same number of pieces of evidence (30), but the pieces of evidence are not the same.The Rapid Review and Systematic Review results are inherently different and complementary. The time and cost to conduct a Systematic Review can be prohibitive in experts' contexts. Thus, at least in such situations, a Rapid Review may be an adequate choice. Moreover, a Rapid Review may be executed in the experts' context as a previous low‐cost step before deciding to invest in a high‐cost Systematic Review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insertions and deletions (indels) play a significant role in genome evolution across species. Realistic modelling of indel evolution is challenging and is still an open research question. Several attempts have been made to explicitly model multi-character (long) indels, such as TKF92, by relaxing the site independence assumption and introducing fragments. However, these methods are computationally expensive. On the other hand, the Poisson Indel Process (PIP) assumes site independence but allows one to infer single-character indels on the phylogenetic tree, distinguishing insertions from deletions. PIP's marginal likelihood computation has linear time complexity, enabling ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) with indels in linear time. Recently, we developed ARPIP, an ASR method using PIP, capable of inferring indel events with explicit evolutionary interpretations. Here, we investigate the effect of the single-character indel assumption on reconstructed ancestral sequences on mammalian protein orthologs and on simulated data. We show that ARPIP's ancestral estimates preserve the gap length distribution observed in the input alignment. In mammalian proteins the lengths of inserted segments appear to be substantially longer compared to deleted segments. Further, we confirm the well-established deletion bias observed in real data. To date, ARPIP is the only ancestral reconstruction method that explicitly models insertion and deletion events over time. Given a good quality input alignment, it can capture ancestral long indel events on the phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper not only addresses the academic gap in current pedagogical practices but also connects with broader educational goals of equipping learners with skills that are directly applicable in real-life situations, including the workplace. This paper sets out to present an action research study and discusses the design and implementation of a peer tutoring system for Cantonese as a second language learners at a university in Hong Kong. Background and theoretical considerations of this peer tutoring system are discussed. The special focus of this action research will be on the implementation of this peer tutoring system before and during the COVID pandemic and its sustainable development. This paper also discusses the change from face-to-face peer tutoring activities to synchronous interactive online mode during the pandemic, the re-conceptualization of pedagogical design, and the development of the peer tutoring system in the post-pandemic period. This paper addresses research questions relating to how effective the peer tutoring system is in facilitating students' Cantonese learning and what advantages the peer tutoring system can bring to face-to-face and online delivery modes. The discussions are based on the analysis of feedback from tutors and tutees. Additionally, the possibility of applying blended and online peer tutoring in language education in the long run will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the English language rhetorical techniques employed in public speeches by four current Japanese activists. While not as deeply embedded in Japanese culture as in some Western cultures, there has been a recent increase in activism in Japan. Frequently, such activists deliver speeches in English focusing on climate change issues, gender issues, and political issues. Correspondingly, there has been a renewed interest in exploring whether these Japanese activists employ established English language rhetorical techniques to enhance the persuasiveness of their speeches. Four speeches (two delivered by experienced speakers and two by inexperienced speakers) were analyzed in this study using Rowland's (2019) categories of language strategies. The core research question in this study is: What rhetorical techniques are utilized by Japanese activists to enhance their English language speeches? Findings indicate that even though the Japanese activists spoke in their second language (English), they employed many of the traditional rhetorical techniques commonly used in English speeches. Furthermore, subtle differences in the frequency and complexity of techniques used distinguished one of the experienced speakers from the other speakers. The educational implication drawn from these findings is that English language rhetorical techniques can be more widely taught in L2 classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the narratives of 28 Latina women who became members of their Latin Greek Letter Organizations (LGLOs) and the role that membership played in their journeys to baccalaureate degree attainment. The research question examined how participants narrated their college experiences, namely relative to successfully graduating. This research sheds light on the role that LGLO membership plays for Latina college students in their successful degree attainment, specifically that LGLOs facilitate the development of various skills, knowledge, and practices that assist members with their undergraduate experiences to graduation and well beyond. This research also adds to the larger body of literature in its investigation of the role of LGLOs within an overarching examination of Latinx college student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latino immigrants who often experience discrimination lack assimilation. The purpose of this exploration was to better understand the historical lack of assimilation and the relationship, in particular the access to higher education. In this study, assimilation was measured according to English mastery by Spanish speakers. The research question was focused on what extent the level of education relates to assimilation for Latinos in the US. A correlational design with multiple regression analysis was used in this study to analyze the Latino National Survey of 2006 secondary data (N =8634). Results indicated that education was significant. Further, current trends show an increased opportunity for education in the Latino group. There is also an increased need for higher education beyond 2030 in the US. The implications for social change include research-based information to develop programs for Latinos to adapt into the US population. Lastly, the author's positionality will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]