Search

In order to improve the resource utilization of recycled concrete powder (RCP), this study aimed to investigate the effect of RCP admixture, curing age, and alkali excitation on the strength of RCP concrete. In addition, the pore structure characteristics of RCP concrete were analyzed in combination with low-field NMR. Furthermore, a gray predictive GM (1, 4) model was established to predict the mechanical properties of the concrete based on the pore structure parameters, especially the compressive and flexural tensile strengths. The results of the study indicate that the mechanical properties, namely compressive strength and flexural strength, of RCP concrete exhibit an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with increasing RCP content at 3 d, 7 d, and 28 d curing ages. In particular, the concrete exhibits the highest mechanical properties when the RCP content reaches 10%. As the curing age increases, the RCP gradually achieves full hydration, resulting in further refinement of the concrete pores and a denser structure, which subsequently improves the mechanical properties. In addition, the strength growth rate of alkali-excited recycled concrete (ARC) showed a continuous increase, indicating that alkali excitation increasingly improved the mechanical properties of the concrete. Furthermore, the study accurately predicted the mechanical properties of RCP concrete by using GM (1, 4) prediction models for its compressive strength and flexural tensile strength using pore characteristic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WOFOST and InfoCrop crop growth simulation models were used to assess the impact of climate change on potato cultivars and to develop adaptation strategies for future climatic scenarios (2030, 2050 and 2080) under representative concentration pathways (RCP's) 4.5 and 6.0 in Bihar. For impact studies potato cultivars belonging to late (Kufri Badshah), medium (Kufri Jyoti) and early (Kufri Pukhraj) maturity groups were selected. The simulated results revealed variations in potential productivity of potato under both RCP's (4.5 & 6.0) with baseline yields of 43.80 t/ha for Kufri Badshah, 41.5 t/ha for Kufri Jyoti and 43.6 t/ha for Kufri Pukhraj. Under RCP 4.5, elevated concentration of CO2 projected to increase the productivity of Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, and Kufri Pukhraj. However, a decline in yield is expected when individual effect of temperature is considered for future climatic scenarios (2030, 2050 & 2080). However, these yield losses is negated when combined effect of CO2 and temperature is considered by 1.3, 0.7 and 0.3 % in 2030, by -0.4, -1.1 and -2.2 % in 2050 and by 3.5, 4.4 and 5.9 % in 2080, respectively. Likewise, for RCP 6.0, combined effect of CO2 and temperature offset the yield losses by 2.6, 2.4 and 2.3% in 2030, 2.1, 1.7 and 1.1 in 2050 and 1.1, -0.1 and -1.8 in 2080. In addition, selection of suitable cultivars, shifting the date of planting and proper irrigation and nitrogen management practices can counterbalance the yield losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictions of changes in coastal habitat boundaries due to expected relative Sea Level Rise (SLR) allow advanced preparation for particular parts of the coastline to mitigate and offset anticipated losses and reduce risks to coastal growth and human safety. Thus, a better understanding of SLR and its impacts are essential to anticipate risks associated with SLR. The first move in such direction will be to project SLR at the local level at various time scales and scenarios formulated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This research aims to project SLR using IPCC Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and identify coastal natural resources and their dependent human communities along Chilika-Puri coast in Odisha, India, those in the risk of impacts and vulnerable to projected SLR. This study also aims at exploring suitable adaptation choices for informed decision making. IPCC criteria for assessing the SLR were followed in this research work. Future SLR projections were developed as per IPCC's RCP scenarios using the SimCLIM tool. The observed relative sea level trend is 1.94 ± 0.96 mm/yr. The projected SLR for the Chilika-Puri coast indicated 38.88 to 74.81 cm under high emission scenarios for the year 2100. To combat the potential impacts of SLR in the study area, a comprehensive adaptation strategy framework (both planned and anticipatory adaptation) is proposed, with relevance to the study zone, which will also have global implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and ongoing human activity have been threatening Ethiopia's Lake Ziway's water balance. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the combined effects of climate change and water withdrawal on the lake's water balance using climate change and water withdrawal for irrigation. We used high-resolution multiple climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios to assess the impact of climatic variables for two future periods: 2021–2050 and 2051–2080. Rainfall and temperature data biases were corrected using power transformation and variance scaling methods, respectively. The Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological model was employed to simulate surface inflow into Lake Ziway from the Meki and Katar sub-catchments. The FAO CROPWAT model was used to estimate the irrigation water demand of major crops grown in the study area. The results indicate that future temperatures and wet season runoff levels are expected to rise. Under the worst climate change scenario, climate change and water withdrawal from the lake for agriculture may cause the lake level to drop by 25 cm per year, resulting in a 10 km2 surface area and 101 Mm3 volume reductions. Therefore, implementing preventive measures, proper planning and careful monitoring of lake water use is advised. HIGHLIGHTS Integration of multiple climate model, RCP scenarios, water abstraction, HBV hydrological and water balance model were used to evaluate Lake Ziway's water balance for impact analysis.; Bias-corrected climate model output resulted in improved rainfall and streamflow simulation.; Our findings indicate that the combined effect of climate change and water withdrawal affected both lake level and volume.;

Although several products of the global urban extent with fine resolutions (e.g. 30 m-38 m) have been developed, quantitative evaluations of these products across spaces and times are still missing, which is crucial to future urban growth modeling. Here, we analysed the discrepancy of six global fine resolution urban extent products across spaces and times. First, we measured the area variations of urban extent among these urban products in each 0.25° grid used in the Land-Use Harmonisation (LUH2), a commonly used product with future projections in Earth system modelling. Then, we analysed the potential urban growth within each 0.25° grid using the LUH2 data under eight scenarios shaped by shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Finally, we identified those regions with a large discrepancy and noticeable growth of urban extent under historic and SSP-RCPs scenarios. We found the discrepancy among six products occurs in either highly developed (e.g. the United States-US and Europe) or rapidly developing (e.g. China) regions. Moreover, Eastern US, Europe, and West Africa deserve more attention in the future due to their distinct urban growth and relatively large discrepancy of urban areas. The derived results are crucial to future global urban sprawl modeling .

This study aimed to project future temperature-associated mortality risk and additional deaths among Taiwan's elderly (aged >65 years) population. This study investigated retrospective temperature-mortality risk associations and future mortality projections. A distributed lag non-linear model and random effect meta-analyses were employed to assess the risk of daily temperature-associated deaths in all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory diseases. Using the statistical downscaling temperature projections of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; i.e. RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5), future risk of mortalities were projected among the elderly for 2030–2039, 2060–2069 and 2090–2099, with a 30%, 40% and 50% expected increase in elderly population proportions, respectively. The baseline analysis from 2005 to 2018 identified that Taiwan's population is more vulnerable to cold effects than heat, with the highest cold-related mortality risk being attributed to circulatory diseases, followed by all-cause and respiratory diseases. However, future projections suggest a declining trend in cold-related mortalities and a significant rise in heat-related mortalities under different RCP scenarios. Heat-attributable mortalities under the RCP8.5 scenario by 2090–2099 would account for almost 170,360, 36,557 and 29,386 additional annual deaths among the elderly due to all-cause, circulatory and respiratory diseases, respectively. Heat-attributable all-cause mortalities among the elderly would increase by 3%, 11% and 30% under RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, respectively, by 2090–2099. The findings of this study provide predictions on future temperature-related mortality among the elderly in a developed, ageing society with a hot and humid climate. The results from this study can guide public health interventions and policies for climate change and ageing society–associated health risks. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these changes in species composition will affect future marine life is crucial for conservation management, especially due to increasing demands for marine natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions of a multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges of >33,500 marine species from climate model projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up to the year 2100. Our results show that the core habitat area will decline for many species, resulting in a net loss of 50% of the core habitat area for almost half of all marine species in 2100 under the high‐emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence of the continuing distributional reorganization of marine life, gaps around the equator will appear for 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) of marine species with cross‐equatorial ranges. For many more species, continuous distributional ranges will be disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates in higher latitudes and polar regions will lead to substantial changes in the ecosystem and food web structure, particularly regarding the introduction of new predators. Overall, our study highlights that the degree of spatial and structural reorganization of marine life with ensued consequences for ecosystem functionality and conservation efforts will critically depend on the realized greenhouse gas emission pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for space cooling systems is growing worldwide. The main reasons are socioeconomic developments such as the growing world population and the rise of economic wealth, especially in developing countries. These developments run simultaneously with global warming effects, increasing the need for cooling. This study introduces the development of the Cooling Demand Market Index (CDMI), which indicates the demand for cooling appliances worldwide at a spatial resolution of 1 km. It is based on population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) per climate zone. The CDMI is calculated for 2020 and 2050 in four different future scenarios in accordance with the Spatial Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Further, the Solar Thermal Cooling Index (STCI) was developed to spatially estimate the worldwide potential to use solar thermal cooling systems based on solar availability and limitations due to maximum heat rejection temperature. Results of the CDMI show that the economic demand for cooling solutions is increasing, especially in developing countries, and that India will be by far the largest market by 2050. Countries such as Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo show the strongest national increases in CDMI. The STCI indicates that ammonia absorption chillers and zeolite adsorption chillers can serve the vast majority of the market thanks to their capability to run at high condenser temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects the availability of water resources by altering the pattern and magnitude of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow. The projection of climate change impact on the streamflow is used to identify the level of changes and desirable intervention measures. In this research, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the regional circulation model (RCM) outputs of CORDEX-Africa climate model associated with mid and high-level Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) climate scenarios were used to evaluate the change in streamflow in two future projection scenarios (2041–2070 and 2071–2099). The study is directed to the Upper Wabe Bridge watershed found in the Wabe Shebele basin, Ethiopia. The result shows an increase in mean temperature by 3.46 and 5.15°C for RCP4.5; and 4.78 and 5.88°C for RCP8.5 in mid and long-term periods, respectively. The study also confirmed an increasing trend in annual precipitation by +26.3 and +31.85% for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, respectively, at the end of twenty-first century. In Kiremt (rainy) season precipitation shows an increasing trend by +44.28% and +59.34% for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, respectively, but Bega (dry) season show decreasing trend. The future projected annual streamflow shows increase trends under both climate scenarios in both projection periods. The mean seasonally streamflow decreases in the Belg (short rainy) season by −10.91% and increases in the Kiremt (rainy) season by 17.4%. Hence, the increment trend in streamflow during the Kiremt season will have the utmost significance for the requirement of storage and rainwater harvesting structures for irrigation development during dry season. Therefore, incorporating the possible effect of climate change is vital during water resources planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the hydrometeorological impacts of climate change in the Upper Godavari River basin in India are quantified for historical and future periods using a well-calibrated hydrological model H08. The study provides a quantitative assessment of various hydrological fluxes projected for the future that are useful in water resource planning and management. The results revealed that under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) climate scenarios, the rainfall in the entire basin was projected to increase by ~24.4% (33%) and temperature by ~2.3°C (4.65°C), the runoff increased by ~44.8% (63%) and the evapotranspiration increased by ~9.8% (12%), by the end of 21st century in the basin. Further, changes were larger in the wet season for all the variables except temperature, which had a larger change in the dry season. This shows that rainfall will be more frequent in the wet season and will result in high runoff generation that may result in a flood-like situation. These results are useful for adaptive measures required to deal with possible climate change impacts in the basin to ensure food and water security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate water availability under changing climate scenarios in the Woybo catchment, Ethiopia. The bias-corrected outputs of multiple climate models’ ensemble mean were employed for the 2050 and 2080s against the reference period (1976–2005) under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. A semi-distributed physically based Hydrologic Engineering Center of Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used to perform rainfall–runoff simulation. The projected rainfall and temperatures of the watershed will increase in the far future. The predictions from ensemble means of multiple climate models indicated that rainfall of the watershed will likely increase by 25% in the 2050s and 19% in the 2080s under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The discharge projection for the ensemble mean of all climate models shows an increment up to 20 and 19% under RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, in the 2050s, whereas it will decline up to 15 and 28% in 2080s, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This research plays a great role to reduce the impacts of changing climate for sustainable water resources management. HIGHLIGHT The output of this research plays a great role to reduce the impacts of changing climate for sustainable water resources management.; The ensemble mean of five climate models was employed in this study to analyze the impact on water availability.; A multiple climate model’s ensemble reduces uncertainty regarding the relative strengths and weaknesses of a single climate model.;

In this study, the impacts of Nd doping on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of (La0.8-xNdx)Sr0.2MnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) (LNSMO) have been investigated. LNSMO has been synthesized using the sol-gel technique (SG). XRD analysis revealed that LNSMO has a rhombohedral structure and belongs to the R-3c space group (No. 167). In addition, the XRD refinement using Fullprof software demonstrated that the cell volume and lattice parameters gradually reduced as Nd doping increased, confirming the gradual replacement of the La sites by Nd. The fitting of the Mn 2p peak by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that Mn is in mixed valence (Mn3+, Mn4+), which contributes to the double exchange interactions (DE). It is confirmed by M−H that the paramagnetic (PM) - ferromagnetic (FM) transition of LNSMO is a second-order magnetic phase transition. There is a significant change in the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) around room temperature. The results of the magnetization measurements indicate that a reduction in the Curie temperature (Tc) and an increase in the Nd doping cause an increase followed by a decrease in the maximum magnetic entropy change (-ΔSMmax). On the contrary, the relative cooling power (RCP) first decreases and then increases. Therefore, we propose La0.62Nd0.18Sr0.2MnO3 sample with Tc = 300 K, -ΔSMmax = 4.22 J/(kg·K) and RCP = 253.39 (J/kg) under an external magnetic field. This material is potentially one of the candidates that could be used to develop magnetic refrigeration technology.

Changes in the land biosphere since 1970 are consistent with global warming: climate zones have shifted poleward in both hemispheres, and the growing season has on average lengthened by up to two days per decade since the 1950s in the Northern Hemisphere extratropic. In this research, projected change of growing season length (GSL) and the start date of the growing season over Yazd province are investigated using three GCMs (GFDL, HadGEM and MIROC5) under the RCP8.5 scenario during 2021-2040. The results indicate Yazd province will experience extended GSL in a warmer world. The thermal growing season has been projected to increase owing to the earlier onset of growth in late winter and spring. Therefore, the prolongation of GSL under the RCP8.5 is attributed to earlier onset. Future temperature and precipitation scenarios based on GFDL and HadGEM models under the RCP8.5 scenario show more unfavorable conditions for this province. Because of the sensitivity of agriculture to weather and climate conditions, these impacts can have substantial direct and indirect effects on production and profitability.

This research work aimed to project and analyze climatic variability using GCMs and RCMs in the Hathmati River Basin, which happens to be one of the most important tributaries of Western India. The analysis included a baseline period from 1980 to 2014 and a future scenario (2050s) under a representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5). Following the evaluation of bias correction methods, distribution mapping and power transformation were used for temperature and precipitation projection, respectively. The 2050 s RCP4.5 simulations showed an increase in precipitation to 1,015.54 mm from 936.91 mm giving around a 8.45% increase in average precipitation. For temperature, the maximum temperature was around a 7.05% increase taking the average temperature to 34.21 from 33.97. The minimum temperature was 20.24 from 20.41 showing a positive change of around 8.4%. The future precipitation and temperature change projected might worsen the water stress and increase the probability of the occurrence of severe events, and hence mitigation strategies and management options to reduce this negative impact should be encouraged. HIGHLIGHTS Work is on one of the most important tributaries of Western India.; Includes latest technology and method.; GCMs are used.; RCP4.5 projections are used for forecasting.; BIAS correction is incorporated.;

WOFOST and InfoCrop crop growth simulation models were used to assess the impact of climate change on potato cultivars and to develop adaptation strategies for future climatic scenarios (2030, 2050 and 2080) under representative concentration pathways (RCP’s) 4.5 and 6.0 in Bihar. Potato cultivars belonging to late (Kufri Badshah), medium (Kufri Jyoti) and early (Kufri Pukhraj) maturity groups were selected. The simulated results revealed variations in potential productivity of potato under both RCP’s (4.5 & 6.0) with baseline yields of 43.80 t ha-1 for Kufri Badshah, 41.5 t ha-1 for Kufri Jyoti and 43.6 t ha-1 for Kufri Pukhraj. Under RCP 4.5, elevated concentration of CO2 projected to increase the productivity of Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, and Kufri Pukhraj. However, a decline in yield is expected when individual effect of temperature is considered for future climatic scenarios (2030, 2050 & 2080). However, these yield loss is negated when combined effect of CO2 and temperature is considered by 1.3, 0.7 and 0.3 % in 2030, by -0.4, -1.1 and -2.2 % in 2050 and by 3.5, 4.4 and 5.9 % in 2080, respectively. Likewise, for RCP 6.0, combined effect of CO2 and temperature offset the yield losses by 2.6, 2.4 and 2.3% in 2030, 2.1, 1.7 and 1.1 in 2050 and 1.1, -0.1 and -1.8 in 2080. In addition, selection of suitable cultivars, shifting the date of planting and proper irrigation and nitrogen management practices can counterbalance the yield losses.

Copyright of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine is the property of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Increasing the efficiency of water consumption and water management is necessary to meet the water needs of agricultural plants which need to consider the variables affecting water consumption, including water needs and the amount of evaporation and transpiration. In this regard, evaporation and transpiration are important indicators in the process of plant growth and their amount is considered equal to the water requirement of the plant. On the other hand, climate change can affect water demand by changing the expected patterns for the average weather condition in a long term in a specific region or for the entire global climate. In the present study, the phenological stages of seedless barberry tree were determined based on field observations at Ghaen synoptic meteorological station. The seedless barberry tree is one of the commercial cultivars in Iran. In this research, the effect of climate change on the water requirement of barberry cultivation has been evaluated based on RCP scenarios in the near and far future. Materials and Methods In the field part, in order to identify the occurrence time of the phenology stages and temperature thresholds, a series of visits and daily and weekly notes were made in the field in the growing season of the barberry tree. For this purpose, a private and fertile commercial orchard with suitable cultivated area of seedless barberry trees was selected. The studied garden group with three hectares of cultivated area in Qain city was identified as one of the most fertile gardens in the region. This private garden is located in Qain city, at the position of 33 degrees and 43 minutes of north latitude and 59 degrees and 10 minutes of east longitude and a height of 1432 meters above sea level. In this study, the phenology stages of seedless barberry tree as one of the commercial cultivars of Iran were determined. The BBCH coding system was used to record the phenology stages (Enriquez‐Hidalgo et al., 2020). This scale has a 100-part table with codes from 0 to 99 and is designed for different phases (Feldmann and Rutikanga, 2021). It was used in the synoptic meteorological station of Qain city during one year from the beginning of germination to the end of the dormant period. In fact, the codes of the phenology stages were observed and recorded in the field. After determining the phenological stages of barren barberry trees, the water requirement of the selected tree species has been calculated. In the next step, to determine the water requirement, the reference evaporation and transpiration rate must be multiplied by the plant coefficient. For this purpose, the available data including hours of sunshine, average temperature during the growing season, average rainfall, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, evaporation, and transpiration obtained from the National Meteorological Organization for 18 valid meteorological stations from 1987 to 2017 on hourly and daily time scales were used to predict the climatic condition. Toward this, the climatic condition of the near future (2059-2030) and the far future (2089-2060) has been predicted considering pessimistic (RCP8.5), and optimistic (RCP4.5) scenarios. Results and Discussion The results showed that barberry needs six phenological stages to complete the growth period from early April to late November. Also, the amount of water requirement for barberry treesin the base period (1987-2017) on a daily basis in the eastern region under study is more than in the west and northwest of the region. The water requirement in the northwest and west parts is more than in the east of the region under study, which is the reason for the increase in the length of the barberry phenology stage in the region has been mentioned. The results of climate change analysis showed that the daily water requirement of barberry (2030-2059) based on the RCP8.5 model during the growing season varies between 4.5-5.8 mm per day and the total water requirement is 990-1260 mm. According to the RCP4.5 model, the daily water requirement of barberry varies between 5.6-5.8 mm per day and the total water requirement is 1290-990 mm. The daily water requirement of barberry according to the RCP4.5 model (2060-2089) varies between 4-5 mm per day and the total water requirement is 960-1150 mm. Also, the daily water requirement of barberry according to the RCP8.5 model varied between 4.5-8.2 mm per day. The total water requirement of the barberry tree is 950-1300 mm. Conclusion The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the phenology stages of the seedless barberry tree and the water requirement of the barberry tree according to the conditions of climate change in the areas prone to its cultivation in Iran. The results showed that the barberry tree needs six phenology stages to complete its growth cycle. The growth period according to climatic conditions and topography lasts from early April to late November. The results of estimating the water requirement in the base period showed that the cities of Kerman, Yazd, Qain, Birjand, Zahedan and Torbat Heydarieh need the most water during the growth stage (1330-1240 mm per day) and the lowest water requirement of the barberry tree in the north It is in the west and west of the country, but in the future, the amount of water needed by the barberry tree in the northwest and west is more than the center and east of the study area, which is the reason for the earlier completion of the phenology stages in the center and east of the country, for this reason, these areas are among the unsuitable areas. It is considered cultivation. Since the annual rainfall changes from year to year; Therefore, the irrigation project cannot be planned only based on one year's information, so long-term records are needed to calculate the effective rainfall based on the probability of occurrence. Cultivation of barberry is very desirable in terms of irrigation for dry and semi-arid areas where farmers are facing water shortage. Considering that water is the main and essential requirement of any product; Therefore, it is essential to estimate the water requirement of each plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the sensitivity and importance of water resources in the Himalayan uplands, this study intended to assess the hydrological responses to climate change in the Jhelum basin. Representative concentration pathway (RCP)–based projections from six dynamically downscaled global circulation models (GCMs) were bias-corrected for developing the climatic projections over the twenty-first century. The uncertainty associated with GCM outputs was addressed by using multi-model ensemble projections developed through Bayesian model averaging (BMA) technique. The assessment reveals that compared to the baseline (1980–2010) values, the annual mean maximum temperature in the basin will rise by 0.41–2.31 °C and 0.63–4.82 °C, and the mean minimum temperature will increase by 1.39–2.37 °C and 2.14–4.34 °C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. While precipitation is expected to decrease by 7.2–4.57% and 4.75–2.47% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, correspondingly. BMA ensemble projections were coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the future hydrological scenarios of the drainage basin. With the changing climate, the discharge of rivers in the Jhelum basin is expected to witness reductions by about 23–37% for RCP4.5 and 19–46% for RCP8.5. Moreover, the water yield of the basin may also exhibit decreases of 17–25% for RCP4.5 and 18–42% for RCP8.5. The projected scenarios are likely to cause water stress, affect the availability of water for diverse uses, and trigger transboundary water-sharing-related conflicts. The impact of climate change on discharge demands early attention for the formulation of mitigation and adaptive measures at the regional level and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR, June–September) is an important factor in agricultural planning and the Indian economy. The ISMR over East India (EI: Chhattisgarh-Bihar-Jharkhand-Odisha) is particularly significant, and it can have an impact on the country's average ISMR. The current study examined projected changes in ISMR over EI with two emission scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for near (2017–2040) and far-future (2041–2070) projections using a set of ten CORDEX-SA Regional Climate Model (RCMs). To begin, the performance of raw and bias-corrected ISMR over EI outputs from ten CORDEX-SA RCMs was compared to a high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded rainfall analysis dataset from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) over the hindcast period (1971–2005). Following that, bias-corrected results were used to calculate ISMR projections over EI for the near and distant futures. Most RCMs, according to the findings, can imitate the spatial pattern of ISMR across EI but are restricted in their ability to capture actual magnitudes. Notably, RCM prediction skill increased greatly after employing various bias-correction approaches, the quantile mapping (QQM) bias-correction technique outperformed other current conventional bias correction methods, and the QQM technique was employed for ISMR future projections using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The analysis of ISMR projections over EI reveals that there will be more deficit rainfall years in the short term while more excess rainfall years in the far future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under limited water availability and climate change in an extremely arid oasis is a key challenge for the stakeholders. This study was conducted to quantify the climate change impacts on cotton phenology and seed yield under full (638 mm) and deficit (478 mm) irrigation regimes in an extremely arid oasis in China. The Root Zone Water Quality (RZWQM2) model with the integration of six global circulation models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) was used to determine the potential impacts of climate change on cotton for future periods (2022–2047, 2048–2073, and 2073–2099) compared to baseline (1975–2000). The results revealed that number of days to anthesis and maturity was expected to be reduced under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 with full and deficit irrigation for future periods compared to baseline. However, this reduction was maximum under RCP 8.5 for 2074–2099 with full irrigation treatment. Seed cotton yield was also expected to decrease by 13–18% (RCP4.5) and 14–18% (RCP 8.5) with full irrigation, while decline in yield was 10–14% (RCP 4.5) and 11-19.6% (RCP 8.5) under deficit irrigation for future periods. The maximum decline in yield appeared with deficit irrigation under RCP 8.5 for 2074–2099. This reduction in seed cotton yield is primarily attributed to elevated temperature in the future climate. A 25% deficit of irrigation compared to normal irrigation has also ensured a reasonable seed yield in future climate, therefore it could be considered as an irrigation management strategy in future for cotton production in extremely arid regions. Findings of this study will provide a better guidance to cotton growers for applying deficit irrigation to sustain cotton production under changing climate with limited water availability in XUAR and other similar agro-climatic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed rainfall projections in Egypt throughout the current century in the context of climate change. Three common bias-correction methods were applied to adjust regional climate model (RCM) simulations of precipitation regarding the observed daily rainfall data of 15 locations in Egypt. The results revealed that the empirical quantile mapping was the most appropriate method to correct the projection of rainfall indices. The projected changes in rainfall showed significant increases at most locations for all future scenarios. The western part of the country will be the most affected by climate change, anticipating a significant increase in precipitation, in contrast to the regions of the Nile Valley, Delta, and the Northern Coast, which may witness a decrease in precipitation and an increase in meteorological drought. Under the worst-case scenario, the rate of increase in rainfall indices over the country is expected to decline during the last decade of the century. These findings will provide a better understanding of the future changes in precipitation that may have critical impacts on the development in Egypt. HIGHLIGHTS The research introduces insights into rainfall projections in Egypt throughout the current century in the context of climate change.; The western part of the country will be the most affected by climate change, anticipating a significant increase in precipitation.; The regions of the Nile Valley, Delta, and the Northern Coast may witness a decrease in precipitation.;

[Introduction] With the promotion of the "going out" strategy of China's nuclear power industry, the ability of independent supply of nuclear power equipment is more important for export of NPP. Especially in the context of the current Sino-US trade friction, the localization of core equipment is more required. [Method] Based on the successful achievement of localization of RCP for an international NPP project exported by China, the route and method of localization of high-tech equipment was analyzed. [Result] As the most technically complicated main equipment of NI and also as export controlled dual-use item and replying on the rapid development of heavy equipment manufacturing in China, the localization of Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP) has been finally achieved for an international NPP project. [Conclusion] It broke down monopoly of the developed countries on supply of RCP, and solidified China's position as a great power of nuclear power equipment manufacturing. It also provided practical experience on design and production of high-tech equipment.

In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution and performance of seasonal precipitation in all districts of Haryana, India. We analysed the gridded precipitation dataset of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for a period of 120 years (1901–2020) using different statistical methods. We found that Haryana received a mean precipitation of 37.0, 37.7, 468.3, and 24.8 mm during the winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. During each season, the eastern districts of Haryana received more precipitation than its western counterparts. Sen's slope results obtained after trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) showed a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.12 mm (p-value; 0.04) during the pre-monsoon period, whereas decreasing but non-significant trends were observed during the winter, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at the rate of −0.04 mm (p-value; 0.49), −0.26 mm (p-value; 0.52), −0.05 mm (p-value; 0.33) per year, respectively, for the entire Haryana state. The winter precipitation is expected to increase under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario, whereas pre-monsoon precipitation is expected to decrease under the RCP8.5 scenario by the end of the 21st century. The monsoon precipitation is expected to decrease under all RCP scenarios, whereas post-monsoon precipitation is expected to gradually increase under the RCP8.5 scenario by the end of the 21st century. HIGHLIGHTS Spatio-temporal distribution, variability, trends, categorization analysis of precipitation for different seasons.; Most stable and variable precipitation was observed during monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively.; Declining trend in precipitation observed during winter, post-monsoon and summer monsoon season while increasing trend was observed during pre-monsoon season.; Future precipitation projections shows increasing/decreasing trend in different seasons under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario by the end of 21st century.;

Climate change is one of the current global threats and the topmost challenges. This study aims to investigate the climate change effect on streamflow in the Gelana watershed using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model for three consecutive periods of 2031–2050, 2051–2070, and 2071–2090. Climate variables were downscaled from two regional climate models (RCMs) (RACMO22T and RCA4) from CORDEX-Africa under representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. RCMs were evaluated using four statistical indicators and performed very well. Power transformation and distribution mapping methods were used to correct biases of precipitation and temperatures, respectively. The 19 SWAT model-sensitive parameters were transferred from the gauged donor watersheds to the ungauged watershed outlet by using the principal component analysis coupled with the stepwise multiple linear regression. The ensemble mean of RCMs revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures and potential evapotranspiration were predicted to increase up to 3.48 °C, 4.19 °C, and 17.85%, respectively, in the period of 2071–2090 under the RCP8.5 scenario. These changes translate to possible reductions in the mean annual rainfall and streamflow up to 15.12 and 44.14%, respectively, with a consequent higher decline of surface runoff by 22.23%, groundwater by 42.54%, and water yield by 35.89% in the period of 2051–2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario. The projected rainfall and streamflow are expected to face a higher decline in wet seasons. Detections of trends in hydro-climatic variables were performed by using the Mann–Kendall test. Hence, these projection scenarios should be of interest to river users and water resource managers in the Gelana watershed. HIGHLIGHTS The principal component analysis is used to evaluate and analyze the physical catchment characteristics that contribute to the SWAT model-sensitive parameters.; Climate variables, streamflow, surface runoff, groundwater, and water yield are integrated.; A higher shortage of rainfall in wet seasons than in dry seasons is expected.;

Abstract Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops well adapted in arid and semi-arid areas of Ethiopia but yield is low as compared to its potential. The crop has been adversely affected by climate change and climate variability accompanied by low soil fertility, insects and weeds. Thus, assessment of impact of projected climate change is important for developing suitable management strategies. The present study was conducted with the objectives (1) to calibrate and evaluate the CERES-sorghum model in DSSAT (2) to assess impact of projected climate change on sorghum production in 2030s (2020–2049) and 2050s (2040–2069) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios and (3) to identify best crop management strategies that can sustain sorghum production. The CERES-sorghum model was calibrated and evaluated using field experimental data of anthesis, physiological maturity, grain yield and aboveground biomass yield. In the simulation, the initial weather and CO2 were modified by future climates under the two climatic change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Historical daily weather data (1981–2010) of rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and solar radiation were obtained from the nearest weather stations at Sirinka and Kombolcha while future climate date for 2030s and 2050s were downloaded from the ensemble of 17 CMIP5 GCM outputs run under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 downscaled to the study sites using MarkSim. Different sowing dates, nitrogen rates, and supplemental irrigation were evaluated for their effectiveness to increase sorghum yield under the present and future climate conditions of the study area. The result of model calibration showed that the RMSE for anthesis, physiological maturity, grain yield, and above-ground biomass yield were 2 days, 2 days, 478 kg ha−1, and 912 kg ha−1, respectively with normalized nRMSE values of 2.74%, 1.6%, 13.42%, and 5.91%, respectively. During the model evaluation the R2 values were 78% for anthesis, 99% for physiological maturity, 98% for aboveground biomass yield, and 94% for grain yield. The d-statistics values were 0.87, 0.91, 0.67, and 0.98 while the nRMSE values were 2.6%, 2.7%, 23.4%, and 4.1% for the respective parameters. The result of statistical analysis for both model calibration and evaluation revealed that there existed strong fit between the simulated and observed values that indicated the model can be used for different application to improve sorghum productivity in the region. The result of impact analysis showed that sorghum grain yield may decrease by 2030s and 2050s under both RCPs scenarios. However, the result of management scenarios showed that sorghum yield may be substantially increased through use of optimum nitrogen fertilizer, application of supplemental irrigation and by using early sowing dates individually or in combination. In conclusion, projected climate change could adversely affect sorghum production in the semi-arid areas of Ethiopia in the present and future climate conditions but impact could be reduced by using suitable crop management strategies.

The structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric characteristics of potassium diphosphate KCrP2O7 were thoroughly investigated. A solid-state reaction method has been employed to synthesize this specimen. The crystalline structure was analyzed employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared, and Raman spectroscopy at around room temperature. Detailed Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the compound adopts a complex monoclinic structure with the space group P21/c and the lattice parameters: a = 7.350 Ǻ, b = 9.9691 Ǻ, and c = 8.1832 Ǻ. Infrared and Raman spectra were examined and analyzed based on the structural peculiarities of the P 2 O 7 - 4 anion and the (K+, Cr3+) cation. The magnetic measurements exhibit an antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic behavior with a second order magnetic transition near the Néel temperature TN (TN = 8.5 K) for KCrP2O7. Magnetic entropy change (− ∆SM) induced by the magnetic field was determined by employing the thermodynamic Maxwell's relation. At H = 50 kOe, the - Δ S M Max and RCP (magnetic refrigeration capacity) near TN show a value of 4.4 J·kg−1·K−1 and 30.06 J·kg−1, respectively, for the KCrP2O7 compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projections of climate patterns through the end of the 21st century indicate varying impacts across the U.S. However, a common thread of these projections calls for increasing atmospheric temperatures in every region, some more pronounced than others. The significance of these projections for corn and soybean production cannot be overestimated. This study contributes to our understanding of climate change impacts on production and farm revenues by projecting their impacts on corn and soybean yields in Buchanan County, Iowa, a county in the center of the Corn Belt. Projections indicate that as atmospheric temperatures rise and precipitation levels vary markedly, the result is a significant decline in corn and soybean yields, the latter to a lesser extent, as compared to long-term yield trends. Depending upon the climate change scenario that will materialize, corn yields are projected to decline by up to 29%, while soybean yields are projected to decline by up to 24% from their normal upward trends by the year 2100. Due to the long-term upward trends in yields, corn and soybean yields will increase in absolute terms by the end of the century. Depending upon the climate change scenario, actual corn and soybean yields will increase by 30 to 57% and 30 to 66%, respectively, by the end of the 21st century, significantly less than they would have in the absence of these climate projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric characteristics of potassium diphosphate KCrP2O7 were thoroughly investigated. A solid-state reaction method has been employed to synthesize this specimen. The crystalline structure was analyzed employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared, and Raman spectroscopy at around room temperature. Detailed Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the compound adopts a complex monoclinic structure with the space group P21/c and the lattice parameters: a = 7.350 Ǻ, b = 9.9691 Ǻ, and c = 8.1832 Ǻ. Infrared and Raman spectra were examined and analyzed based on the structural peculiarities of the P 2 O 7 - 4 anion and the (K+, Cr3+) cation. The magnetic measurements exhibit an antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic behavior with a second order magnetic transition near the Néel temperature TN (TN = 8.5 K) for KCrP2O7. Magnetic entropy change (− ∆SM) induced by the magnetic field was determined by employing the thermodynamic Maxwell's relation. At H = 50 kOe, the - Δ S M Max and RCP (magnetic refrigeration capacity) near TN show a value of 4.4 J·kg−1·K−1 and 30.06 J·kg−1, respectively, for the KCrP2O7 compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline calicivirus (FVC) is one of the main infectious pathogens causing upper respiratory tract disease in cats (URTD). It is a virus of common presentation in cats in shelter conditions or cats with access to the outside, the clinical picture is associated with respiratory symptoms, oral ulcerations, eye discharge, and lameness. To determine the frequency of feline calicivirus in animals with respiratory symptoms in Medellín, Colombia, in 2020, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, including 64 domestic cats with signs compatible with upper respiratory tract disease and oral ulcers. For determination of the frequency of presentation of FVC, the distribution was 36 females and 28 males, and the mestizo race was the most frequent with 47 specimens, which were vaccinated with conventional vaccine strain F9. Conjunctival and nasal swabs were performed for diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect feline calicivirus, of which 22 cats were positive for feline calicivirosis, representing a frequency of 34.3% of the sample evaluated. Feline calicivirus is a disease with a high frequency in domestic felines with respiratory symptoms and oral ulcers in Medellin, Colombia, including cats vaccinated with conventional vaccines containing the F9 strain, which may imply that strains that do not respond to these vaccines are circulating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on streamflow characteristics of five tropical catchments located in Costa Rica. An ensemble of five General Circulation Models (GCMs), namely HadGEM2-ES, CanESM2, EC-EARTH, MIROC5, MPI-ESM-LR dynamically downscaled by two Regional Climate Models (RCMs), specifically HadRM3P and RCA4, was selected to provide an overview of the impacts of different climate change scenarios under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 using the 1961–1990 baseline period. The GR2M hydrological model was used to reproduce the historical monthly surface runoff patterns of each catchment. Following calibration and validation of the GRM2 model, the projected impact of climate change on streamflow was simulated for a near-future (2011–2040), mid-future (2041–2070) and far-future (2071–2100) for each catchment using the bias-corrected GCM-RCM multimodel ensemble-mean (MEM). Results anticipate wetter conditions for all catchments in the near-future and mid-future periods under RCPs 2.6 and 4.5, whereas dryer conditions are expected for the far-future period under RCP 8.5. Projected temperature trends indicate consistently warmer conditions with increasing radiative forcing and future periods. Streamflow changes across all catchments however are dominated by variations in projected precipitation. Wetter conditions for the near-future and mid-future horizons under RCPs 2.6 and 4.5 would result in higher runoff volumes, particularly during the late wet season (LWS). Conversely, dryer conditions for the far-future period under RCP8.5 would result in considerably lower runoff volumes during the early wet season (EWS) and the Mid-Summer Drought (MSD). In consequence, projected seasonal changes on streamflow across all catchments may result in more frequent flooding, droughts, and water supply shortage compared to historical hydrological regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of teaching and researching, we developed a manipulator digital twin experiment platform (named the remote experience platform, REP) based on a rapid control prototype (RCP). The platform consisted of a controlled target, a real-time controller, rapid prototype configuration software, and supervisory control software. The controlled target was a 6-DOF manipulator, divided into a physical entity and its digital twin. The 3D model and mathematical model of the manipulator were constructed as an experimental entity in a digital space. The whole system provided flexible and intuitive experimental scenes without the restraints of time and place. Based on RCP technology, students can design various complex control strategies using simulation tools such as Matlab/Simulink, then convert the graphical model into executable code to be performed in target hardware. The framework and development methods of the proposed system are elaborated in this paper. An example is demonstrated, including invocation of algorithms, one-click code generation and compilation, real-time verification and online parameter adjustment, and more. The feasibility and practicability of the system are verified through the PID control experiment of the manipulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Africa's protected areas (PAs) are the last stronghold of the continent's unique biodiversity, but they appear increasingly threatened by climate change, substantial human population growth, and land‐use change. Conservation planning is challenged by uncertainty about how strongly and where these drivers will interact over the next few decades. We investigated the combined future impacts of climate‐driven vegetation changes inside African PAs and human population densities and land use in their surroundings for 2 scenarios until the end of the 21st century. We used the following 2 combinations of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCPs): the "middle‐of‐the‐road" scenario SSP2–RCP4.5 and the resource‐intensive "fossil‐fueled development" scenario SSP5–RCP8.5. Climate change impacts on tree cover and biome type (i.e., desert, grassland, savanna, and forest) were simulated with the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM). Under both scenarios, most PAs were adversely affected by at least 1 of the drivers, but the co‐occurrence of drivers was largely region and scenario specific. The aDGVM projections suggest considerable climate‐driven tree cover increases in PAs in today's grasslands and savannas. For PAs in West Africa, the analyses revealed climate‐driven vegetation changes combined with hotspots of high future population and land‐use pressure. Except for many PAs in North Africa, future decreases in population and land‐use pressures were rare. At the continental scale, SSP5–RCP8.5 led to higher climate‐driven changes in tree cover and higher land‐use pressure, whereas SSP2–RCP4.5 was characterized by higher future population pressure. Both SSP–RCP scenarios implied increasing challenges for conserving Africa's biodiversity in PAs. Our findings underline the importance of developing and implementing region‐specific conservation responses. Strong mitigation of future climate change and equitable development scenarios would reduce ecosystem impacts and sustain the effectiveness of conservation in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solutions that aim to reduce water production in heavy oil wells have led to the design of devices known as rate-controlled production (RCP) autonomous inflow-control device (AICD) valves, which are placed in well completions and autonomously open with the oil inflow and close with water by choking the flow. These devices, which are based on Bernoulli's principle, use a levitating disk that chokes the flow of the phase with the lowest flow resistance. This study proposes a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to understand these devices' operations and propose better designs without experimentation. The numerical model was based on dynamic fluid–body interaction (DFBI) and volume of fluid (VOF) models. The model was found to respond as expected depending on the physical properties of the fluids involved in heavy oil production. Finally, some limitations were found in the numerical study that can be improved in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several products of the global urban extent with fine resolutions (e.g. 30 m-38 m) have been developed, quantitative evaluations of these products across spaces and times are still missing, which is crucial to future urban growth modeling. Here, we analysed the discrepancy of six global fine resolution urban extent products across spaces and times. First, we measured the area variations of urban extent among these urban products in each 0.25° grid used in the Land-Use Harmonisation (LUH2), a commonly used product with future projections in Earth system modelling. Then, we analysed the potential urban growth within each 0.25° grid using the LUH2 data under eight scenarios shaped by shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Finally, we identified those regions with a large discrepancy and noticeable growth of urban extent under historic and SSP-RCPs scenarios. We found the discrepancy among six products occurs in either highly developed (e.g. the United States-US and Europe) or rapidly developing (e.g. China) regions. Moreover, Eastern US, Europe, and West Africa deserve more attention in the future due to their distinct urban growth and relatively large discrepancy of urban areas. The derived results are crucial to future global urban sprawl modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2021, the Pévèle Douaisis territorial professional health community has set up an assessment and support pathway for learning disorders in children and adolescents. The aim is to support young people with dyslexia in developing their care pathway, in order to facilitate their care and schooling via the implementation of educational support. The program is managed by an advanced practice nurse, whose role is to carry out a holistic assessment of the situation., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Urbanization and industrialization cause an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn causes changes in the atmosphere. Climate change is causing extreme rainfalls and these rainfalls are getting stronger day after day. Floods are threatening urban areas, and short-duration rainfall and outdated drainages are responsible for urban floods. Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves are crucial for both drainage system design and assessment of flood risk. Once IDF curves are determined from historical data, they are assumed to be stationary. However, IDF curves must be non-stationary and time varying based on preparation for extreme events. This study generates future IDF curves with short-duration rainfalls under climate change. To represent future rainfall, an ensemble of four Global Climate Models generated under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 were used in this study. A new approach to the HYETOS disaggregation model was applied to disaggregate daily future rainfall into sub-hourly using disaggregation parameters of hourly measured rainfalls. Hence, sub-hourly future rainfalls will be obtained capturing historical rainfall patterns instead of random rainfall characteristics. Finally, historical and future IDF curves were compared. The study concludes that increases in short-duration rainfalls will be highly intensified in both the near and distant futures with a high probability. HIGHLIGHTS Climate change impacts on rainfall intensities are assessed by comparing historical IDF curves with future IDF curves considering different GCMs and RCPs.; Short-duration rainfalls under climate change impacts were simulated for the assessment of urban floods.; Future daily rainfall data can be disaggregated into sub-hourly rainfall with a new approach to HYETOS using disaggregation parameters of hourly measured rainfalls.;

This study aims to evaluate the effect of climate change on water availability in the Bilate catchment, Southern Ethiopia. The bias-corrected outputs of five climate models and their ensemble mean were used for the baseline (1976–2005), the 2050s, and 2080s under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. A semi-distributed physically-based Hydrologic Engineering Center of Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used to perform rainfall-runoff simulation after sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. The forecasted temperatures of the watershed will increase in the future. The forecasting from all the climate models indicated that rainfall of the watershed will increase by 34% in the 2050s and 21% in 2080s under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. The discharge projection for almost all climate models shows an increment up to 27% whereas it will decline up to 30% under RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively in the 2050s. In the 2080s, nearly all climate models will show an increment up to 25% in discharge whereas it will decrease up to 32% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. This research paves the way to reduce the impacts of changing climate for sustainable water resources management.

Assessing water resources availability in a changing climate is a determinant of promoting sustainable development in a region. Such assessment should better be inter-basin in order to unveil a region’s overall risk, so a time-varying Budyko framework is developed and adopted in this study. Gauge-based gridded precipitation and temperature, in company with runoff data, were used to derive the Budyko curves for 75 catchments over Taiwan. Downscaled precipitation and temperature data from selected global climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were then used to calculate the shifts in the Budyko space of each catchment. It was found that the Budyko-related variables (e.g., evaporative and aridity indices, and catchment-specific parameter) exhibited considerable variability island-wide, with a few outliers in certain catchments being modulated by distinct landscape features and/or human activities. Under all RCPs analyzed, the majority of catchments showed the magnified movement vectors pointing at the 1st quadrant in the Budyko space in the late-21st century, suggesting a predominant and aggravating drying trend over Taiwan. Cluster analysis of the movement vectors under RCP8.5, which entailed the least inter-model differences, identified three major clusters, two of which (64 catchments included) indicated a drying trend of varied significancy. According to our findings, without effective mitigation of climate change, an increased likelihood of the worst-case scenario will substantialize the reduced availability of Taiwan’s water resources.

Summary: We examined the structural and magnetoelectronic properties of MnBO3 and LiMnBO3 with ab initio calculations. Along [0 0 1] direction, based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach and using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, polarized spin and spin‐orbit exchange interaction is used in our simulation for LiMnBO3 with hexagonal structure. The compound LiMnBO3 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.68 eV, and with an average intercalation voltage 4.23 V. The theoretical capacity of the cell and the energy density of LiMnBO3 are found. The obtained results are used as input in Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm used to study the magnetocaloric properties of LiMnBO3. Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, internal energy, and relative cooling power (RCP) were obtained. The results obtained, make the cubic LiMnBO3 a candidate material for the future spintronic application. High operating voltage, 4.23 V charge‐discharge platform and voltage difference help to promote electrochemical performance, which opens a window for Li‐ion battery marketing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]