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The absorbance at 450 mµ of serum diluted with acidified ethylene glycol is used as a measure of the serum's total bilirubin content in a single-tube, single-extraction method for rapid determination of free and total bilirubin in 0.1 ml. of serum. With the addition of chloroform, free bilirubin is extracted into the chloroform but conjugated bilirubin remains in the ethylene glycol. Free bilirubin is determined from the absorbance at 450 mµ in the chloroform layer. Conjugated bilirubin is calculated from the difference. Absorbance readings at 520 mµ compensate for the absorbance at 450 mµ, due to hemoglobin in the serum. Comparison with the Malloy-Evelyn procedure showed equivalent levels of total but higher levels of conjugated bilirubin.

A rapid simplified procedure for the enzymic determination of β‐glucans is described. In this method a small sample of ground barley (0·25 g) is heated in 80% ethanol to inactivate enzymes, the β‐glucan is hydrolysed by incubation for 1 h with a high concentration of purified β‐glucanase and the reducing sugars produced are determined by reaction with p‐hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide. The method was calibrated using β‐glucan isolated from barley and the enzymic hydrolysis was shown to be both specific and complete. 1984 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

An enzymic method for the estimation of total β‐glucan in barley has been modified to make it suitable for determination of the small amounts of β‐glucan present in malt. Interference from the high levels of reducing sugars in malt has been eliminated by reducing the free sugars in the sample with sodium borohydride rather than extracting them using 80% (v/v) ethanol. The reduction procedure also inactivates endogenous carbohydrate hydrolases in the sample. Because it is no longer necessary to extract the samples with ethanol and centrifuge repeatedly, the modified method is also advantageous in the analysis of barley β‐glucan. Errors associated with extraction are eliminated and the speed of analysis of large batches is greatly increased. 1986 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

The cause of the white-etching regions outlining certain subsurface cracks in rail-heads was investigated. These cracks known as shells may propagate into “shelly spots,” i.e., deep spalls, usually in the gage corner in rail-heads. Samples containing these regions were metallographically compared to samples with scribed scratches. The white etching regions were found to be stress-induced microstructural changes resulting from the rolling contact fatigue in rail heads.

The "glass ionomer rest-a-seal" described is a restorative technique that minimizes removal of tooth structure and protects the glass ionomer from inherent property weaknesses. This technique would seem to have added benefits over the preventive resin restoration where pit-and-fissure decay involves dentin. Glass ionomer cements have become popular as materials with many desirable properties, including an adhesive nature and an ability to release fluoride to adjacent tooth structure. These materials are, however, technique-sensitive and proper application is critical for long-term success. Conservative treatment of pit- and fissure decay is often indicated. By utilization of the preventive resin restoration and now the glass ionomer rest-a-seal, practitioners can improve the long-term dental health of their patients.

This case report describes a labially positioned maxillary midline mesiodens in an 8-year-old male. The clinical and radiographic appearance and therapeutic considerations are presented. The purpose of this article is to alert the clinician to the importance of radiographic localization prior to surgical intervention, because in some instances a labial surgical approach is preferred over the traditional palatal technique. In this case a labial surgical approach was utilized which allowed for greater conservation of alveolar bone and improved access during removal of the mesiodens.

Malignant melanoma is an uncommon but aggressive tumor, and the vulva seems to have an increased predisposition for developing it. Vulvar melanoma appears to behave similarly to truncal melanoma, but its later presentation, due to its less accessible and less visible site, gives the false impression of more aggressive behavior. In spite of that the survival, stage by stage, is not markedly different from that of truncal melanoma. Traditionally it has been treated in the same manner as vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, with extreme but often therapeutically inadequate radical surgery. For lesions less than 0.75 mm in depth, wide excision with a 2-cm margin is adequate. Deeper lesions require radical local excision and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy through separate incisions.

Let me point out why I think there is some strong experimental evidence concerning the existence of a new resonance in the scattering of low-energy electrons by molecules. We call these resonances rotational resonances, because they can be viewed as a virtual excitation of a rotational transition. In this resonance the kinetic energy of the electron is below threshold for rotational excitation. Excitation is virtually possible, however, if the electron is temporarily attached to the molecule thus providing the required energy defect from its “affinity.”