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The phenomenon of migration is as old as humanity, and in every historical period it has intensified or decreased based on different situations that could have emerged. Nowadays, Europe faces such a huge mass migration that it has not been seen for a long time. During the last year, more than one million people arrived in Europe, out of which 400,000 via Hungary. This number surprised not only politicians and experts on the topic, but also the civil population and the attitude towards this phenomenon caused great division, both politically and from civilian perspective. It showed the division within the EU in that the Member States had totally different points of view regarding this phenomenon and regarding its root causes and they imagined totally different solutions for it. There are places where they highlighted the humanitarian aspect, in other places they placed their citizen's safety first, and every other action had to be adjusted to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) are planted on small area in Hungary, although it is a precious source of protein (22-28%), and it also plays a significant role like a component in fodder mixture and green forage. It is a great part in crop rotation as a short growing-season legume. Furthermore, it has beneficial effects of nitrogen-fixing nodules being able to obtain N derived from air. One of the most critical limiting factors is to find out weed management practise for control of weeds in field pea. Our field experiment was carried out on site of the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, the Department of Field Crops Research in Öthalom for comparing weed management strategies by evaluate their efficacy and weed flora. We used 6 herbicides or herbicid combination and observed weed density in 5 times during the growing season. The most important weeds were: common chickweed (Stellaria media), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), branching lackspur (Consolida regalis), meldweed (Chenopodium album). Among the treatments the highest weed cover was the weedy check, followed by Stomp Super, obtained maximum weed control and long lasting effect. With the application of Basagran 480 SL and Pulsar 40 SL have a significantly lower weed density was recorded than preemergence applications. In case of Corum application, it was the lowest weed cover of all even at harvesting time. According to our experiments use of Dash does not control weeds considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fast network oscillations in the hippocampus relies on interneurons, but the underlying specific synaptic mechanisms are not established. The excitatory recruitment of fast-spiking interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves has been suggested to be critical for the generation of 140 -200 Hz ("ripple") oscillations in the CA1 area. To directly test this, we used genetically modified mice (PV-ΔGluR-A) with reducedAMPAreceptor-mediated excitation onto parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and studied hippocampal oscillations in freely moving animals. InPV-ΔGluR-A mice, ripple-amplitude and associated rhythmic modulation of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons were increased. These changes were not accompanied by concurrent alterations of firing rates. Neither theta nor gamma oscillations displayed marked alterations in the mutant. These results provide evidence that fast excitation from pyramidal cells to PV-positive interneurons differentially influences ripple and gamma oscillations in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When errors in messenger RNA processing or packaging occur along the path from the site of transcription to the nuclear pore complex, the conserved RNA-degrading enzyme Swt1 comes into the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fast network oscillations in the hippocampus relies on interneurons, but the underlying specific synaptic mechanisms are not established. The excitatory recruitment of fast-spiking interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves has been suggested to be critical for the generation of 140 -200 Hz ("ripple") oscillations in the CA1 area. To directly test this, we used genetically modified mice (PV-ΔGluR-A) with reduced AMPA receptor-mediated excitation onto parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and studied hippocampal oscillations in freely moving animals. InPV-ΔGluR-A mice, ripple-amplitude and associated rhythmic modulation of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons were increased. These changes were not accompanied by concurrent alterations of firing rates. Neither theta nor gamma oscillations displayed marked alterations in the mutant. These results provide evidence that fast excitation from pyramidal cells to PV-positive interneurons differentially influences ripple and gamma oscillations in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT DBS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was demonstrated in the double-blind Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy randomized controlled trial. The Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) aims to understand the safety and longer-term effectiveness of ANT DBS therapy in routine clinical practice., Methods: MORE is an observational registry collecting prospective and retrospective clinical data. Participants were at least 18 years old, with focal DRE recruited across 25 centers from 13 countries. They were followed for at least 2 years in terms of seizure frequency (SF), responder rate (RR), health-related quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31), depression, and safety outcomes., Results: Of the 191 patients recruited, 170 (mean [SD] age of 35.6 [10.7] years, 43% female) were implanted with DBS therapy and met all eligibility criteria. At baseline, 38% of patients reported cognitive impairment. The median monthly SF decreased by 33.1% from 15.8 at baseline to 8.8 at 2 years ( p < 0.0001) with 32.3% RR. In the subgroup of 47 patients who completed 5 years of follow-up, the median monthly SF decreased by 55.1% from 16 at baseline to 7.9 at 5 years ( p < 0.0001) with 53.2% RR. High-volume centers (>10 implantations) had 42.8% reduction in median monthly SF by 2 years in comparison with 25.8% in low-volume center. In patients with cognitive impairment, the reduction in median monthly SF was 26.0% by 2 years compared with 36.1% in patients without cognitive impairment. The most frequently reported adverse events were changes (e.g., increased frequency/severity) in seizure (16%), memory impairment (patient-reported complaint, 15%), depressive mood (patient-reported complaint, 13%), and epilepsy (12%). One definite sudden unexpected death in epilepsy case was reported., Discussion: The MORE registry supports the effectiveness and safety of ANT DBS therapy in a real-world setting in the 2 years following implantation., Classification of Evidence: This study provides Class IV evidence that ANT DBS reduces the frequency of seizures in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy., Trial Registration Information: MORE ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01521754, first posted on January 31, 2012., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare complications, seizures, and neuropsychological outcomes after resective epilepsy surgery in patients ≥ 60 years of age who underwent operations to younger and matched controls., Methods: Charts of 2243 patients were screened for operated patients in the authors' center between 2000 and 2015. Patients with available postsurgical follow-up data who were operated on at the age of 60 years or older and matched (by gender, histopathology, and side of surgery) controls who were between 20 and 40 years of age at the time of surgery were included. Outcomes regarding postoperative seizure control were scored according to the Engel classification and group comparisons were performed by using chi-square statistics., Results: Data of 20 older patients were compared to those of 60 younger controls. Postoperative seizure control was favorable in the majority of the elderly patients (Engel classes I and II: 75% at 12 months, 65% at last follow-up), but the proportion of patients with favorable outcome tended to be larger in the control group (Engel classes I and II: 90% at 12 months, p = 0.092; 87% at last follow-up, p = 0.032, chi-square test). The surgical complication rate was higher in the elderly population (65% vs 27%, p = 0.002), but relevant persistent deficits occurred in 2 patients of each group only. Neuropsychological and behavioral assessments displayed considerable preoperative impairment and additional postoperative worsening, particularly of verbal skills, memory (p < 0.05), and mood in the elderly., Conclusions: The overall favorable postsurgical outcome regarding seizure control and the moderate risk of disabling persistent neurological deficits in elderly patients supports the view that advanced age should not be a barrier per se for resective epilepsy surgery and underscores the importance of an adequate presurgical evaluation and of referral of elderly patients to presurgical assessment.