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Researching ultrafast dynamics and creating coherent light sources will both benefit significantly from the establishment of polarization control in high-order harmonic generation (HHG). By employing the time-dependent density functional theory method, we investigate HHG of carbonyl sulfide molecules using a combination of a linear polarized infrared (IR) laser and a weaker orthogonal Terahertz (THz) field. Our findings show that by adjusting the amplitude of the THz field, the movement scale of electrons in the THz direction can be tuned, thereby one can control the harmonic intensity in the IR laser direction. This method allows for the creation of near-circularly polarized attosecond pulses. Furthermore, the ellipticity of the attosecond pulse may be changed by modifying the carrier-envelope phase of the IR laser pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congo red (CR), a stable benzidine diazo dye due to its azo bonds, resists natural photodegradation and poses a significant ecological threat. Herein, organic photocatalyst material PM7:ITC-2Cl@C was integrated with natural biochar to establish a high-performance photocatalyst coupling with adsorption. PM7:ITC-2Cl@C demonstrated complete degradation of 100 mg L−1 CR in 10 min under indoor weak light, sustaining a degradation efficiency above 99% within 20 cycles. The removal efficiency of TOC content in a simulated aquatic environment containing 100 mg L−1 of CR was over 81%. PM7:ITC-2Cl@C possesses broad photon utilization (450–760 nm) and sequential measurements confirm its remarkable electron–hole separation, and the catalyst surface with functional groups containing oxygen and hydrogen also aids radical generation. Additionally, the strong adsorption of biochar fosters an environment for effective interaction with active oxygen species, ensuring constant pollutant contacting. Moreover, radical quench measurements indicated h+, ˙OH, and ˙O2− as key reactive oxygen species. The potential degradation pathways of CR were explored via LC-MS and DFT analysis, while toxicity analysis revealed low toxicity in the intermediates, suggesting the promising prospects of this system. This approach demonstrates high-performance PM7:ITC-2Cl@C to significantly enhance the catalytic oxidative degradation process of dying wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study clarified the expression changes and clinical significance of CD44+CD62L− Treg and CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: The peripheral blood of 39 patients with AR and 42 healthy controls was collected. Clinical data, such as sex, age, IgE titer, allergen screening information and visual analogue scale (VAS) score, were recorded. Changes in serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were detected using the cytometric bead array method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, TFH, and Th9 cells and the proportions of CD44+CD62L− Treg and CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets. Correlation analysis was performed between the CD44+CD62L− Treg subsets and the CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets with clinical indicators (VAS score, total IgE titer), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ), and Th1/Th2/Th17/TFH/Th9 cell proportions. Results: Compared to the control group, the proportion of total Treg cells and CD44+CD62L− Treg cells in the AR group decreased, and the proportion of CD44−CD62L+ Treg cells increased (p < 0.05). The proportions of CD44+CD62L− Treg cells significantly negatively correlated with Th2 cells (R = −0.5270, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with Treg cytokine IL-10 (R = 0.6447, p < 0.05). In addition, CD44+CD62L− Treg cells negatively correlated with the VAS score (R = −0.4956, p < 0.05), total IgE level (R = −0.4177, p < 0.05) and Th2 cytokine IL-6 level (R = −0.3034, p < 0.05) but positively correlated with the Th1 cytokine IL-2 (R = 0.4331, p < 0.05). In contrast, the proportion of CD44+CD62L− Treg cells significantly positively correlated with the Th2 cells (R = 0.6187, p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of CD44−CD62L+ Treg cells positively correlated with the VAS score (R = 0.4060, p < 0.05), total IgE level (R = 0.5224, p < 0.05) and Th2 cytokine IL-4 (R = 0.2647, p < 0.05) and IL-6 levels (R = 0.3824, p < 0.05) but negatively correlated with Th1 cytokine IL-2 (R = −0.3451, p < 0.05) and IL-10 (R = −0.3277, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A greater proportion of CD44+CD62L− Tregs correlated with better reversal of the Th1/Th2 imbalance and milder clinical symptoms in AR patients. The presence of more CD44−CD62L+ Tregs correlated with a weaker immunosuppressive effect on Th2 cells and more severe clinical symptoms in AR patients. These findings provide new perspectives for the treatment and disease monitoring of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensional regulation in polyoxometalates is an effective strategy during the design and synthesis of polyoxometalates-based high proton conductors, but it is not available to date. Herein, the precise regulation of dimensionality has been realized in an unprecedented gigantic molybdenum blue wheel family featuring pentagonal {(W)Mo5} motifs through optimizing the molar ratio of Mo/W, including [Gd2Mo124W14O422(H2O)62]38− (0D-{Mo124W14}, 1), [Mo126W14O441(H2O)51]70− (1D-{Mo126W14}n, 2), and [Mo124W14O430(H2O)50]60− (2D-{Mo124W14}n, 3). Such important {(W)Mo5} structural motif brings new reactivity into gigantic Mo blue wheels. There are different numbers and sites of {Mo2} defects in each wheel-shaped monomer in 1–3, which leads to the monomers of 2 and 3 to form 1D and 2D architectures via Mo–O–Mo covalent bonds driven by {Mo2}-mediated H2O ligands substitution process, respectively, thus achieving the controllable dimensional regulation. As expected, the proton conductivity of 3 is 10 times higher than that of 1 and 1.7 times higher than that of 2. The continuous proton hopping sites in 2D network are responsible for the enhanced proton conductivity with lower activation energy. This study highlights that this dimensional regulation approach remains great potential in preparing polyoxometalates-based high proton conductive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast distribution, abundant reserves, and high combustion utilization rate of natural gas hydrate make it an appealing alternative energy source. Nevertheless, the special physical and mechanical properties of the hydrate production test area in the South China Sea have led to frequent geological disasters, requiring monitoring and early warning of potential geohazards. To facilitate this process, a model was established to determine the relationship between sediment resistivity and physical properties in this area. However, there is currently no suitable sediment resistivity inversion model for this region. We obtained an 8 m-long core sediment sample from the hydrate production test area in the South China Sea using a core sediment sampler aboard the research vessel "Marine Geology 6". Indoor geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the vertical variation characteristics of the sediment, and indoor resistivity tests were performed to obtain its resistivity vertical variation. Using empirical power function formulae, we established a relationship model between resistivity and physical properties, which we then compared with relevant data from nearby sea areas. This model lays the foundation for using in situ resistivity to invert the dynamic changes of sediment physical properties and promote the development of deep-sea engineering geology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objectives】 Nitrogen loss from agricultural soils is an environmental concern worldwide and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the types of nitrogen fertilizers and planting methods on reducing nitrogen loss from surface runoff and ammonia volatilization from paddy field. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field with the rice established either from machine transplanting (MTR) or direct drill (DSR). Added to these were four nitrogen fertilizations: conventional fertilization (FFP), slow-controlled fertilizer combined with urea (CRF) and seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer (HTN), with no nitrogen application as control (CK). In each treatment, we measured nitrogen loss from the surface runoff and ammonia volatilization. 【Result】 Nitrogen lost from surface runoff was dominated by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), with the loss from the drainage prior to the planting accounted for approximately 52% of the total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff. The impact of fertilizers on total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF, the same as the loss rate and intensity of ammonia volatilization (AV) for both MTR and DSR. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN each in combination with MTR reduced the AV loss during the whole growth season by 12.5% and 4.3% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 43.1% and 17.8% respectively; when combining each with DSR, they reduced AV loss rate by 23.2% and 12.2% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 53.3% and 26.8% respectively. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN increased the yield by 9.31% and 4.70%, respectively, for rice planted using MRT, and 9.25% and 4.91%, respectively, for rice planted using DSR. 【Conclusion】 During the whole growth season, planting rice using DSR increased the AV flux, nitrogen loss rate and AV intensity than planting with MTR. The impact of fertilizers on nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF. When the amounts of all applied nutrients were the same, selecting an appropriate nitrogen fertilizer with a rational combination with basal fertilization and tillering-stage dressing can not only reduce nitrogen loss, but also improve nitrogen use efficiency and ultimate yield.

Asymmetric propargylic substitution (APS) reactions play a crucial role in synthesizing the fundamental structural units found in natural drug molecules and macromolecules. However, achieving both high yield and enantioselectivity in the synthesis of asymmetric alkynyl propyl compounds remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a comprehensive computational study of asymmetric alkynyl propyl hydroxyaminations catalyzed by a chiral phosphine–nickel complex. The entire catalysis can be outlined as three stages: (i) activation of propargylic carbonate 1a by the (S)-L1/Ni(0) catalyst results in Ni(II)-intermediate IM2A. (ii) Decarboxylation of IM2A, leading to Ni(II)-complex IM5A. (iii) Asymmetric propargylic substitution of IM5A with N-hydroxyphthalimide 2a to give the more stable Ni(0)-complex IM7A, followed by product (S)-3a liberation and IM1A regeneration for the next catalytic cycle with the assistance of another equiv 1a. The asymmetric propargylic substitution step, with a barrier of 21.4 kcal mol−1, should be the rate-determining step and enantioselectivity-determining step during the whole catalysis. EDA–NOCV analysis revealed that the origins of the enantioselectivity of product (S)-3a lie in the combined effects of the ligand–substrate electrostatic interactions, orbital interactions, Pauli repulsions, and dispersion interactions. Based on mechanistic study, a new biaryl bisphosphine ligand (i.e., (S)-L6) affording higher enantioselectivity was designed, which will help to improve current catalytic systems and facilitate the development of new Ni-catalyzed asymmetric alkynyl propyl hydroxyaminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fragmented remodeling of historic districts undermines the spirit of place. Understanding the intricate relationship between the neighborhood environment and the spirit of place is essential for sustainable urban development. Current research predominantly relies on case studies and the concept of place, which are subjective and lack specific analysis of how the neighborhood environment shapes the spirit of place. In this study, we examine Chuancheng Street in Handan City as a case study. Utilizing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and multi-source data, combined with SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plots (PDP), we analyze the non-linear and synergistic effects of the street environment on the spirit of place in historic districts. The findings reveal that (1) the proportion of enduring sociability (PES) on the street significantly shapes the spirit of place, with cultural space elements being less prioritized in perception; (2) PES, green vision index (GVI), Integration_800 m, and mixed land use (MLU) have pronounced non-linear impacts on the spirit of place, with strong threshold effects, and these factors also demonstrate a synergistic effect; (3) There are notable spatial variations in the spirit of place across different blocks, particularly influenced by the authenticity of cultural heritage. This study provides fundamental insights into the spirit of place in historic neighborhoods, enabling a better understanding of complex urban dynamics and informing future street regeneration from a place perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital cataracts are the leading cause of irreversible visual disability in children, and genetic factors play an important role in their development. In this study, targeted exome sequencing revealed a novel single‐base deletional mutation of MIP (c.301delG; p.Ala101Profs*16) segregated with congenital punctate cataract in a Chinese family. The hydrophobic properties, and secondary and tertiary structures for truncated MIP were predicted to affect the function of protein by bioinformatics analysis. When MIP‐WT and MIP‐Ala101fs expression constructs were singly transfected into HeLa cells, it was found that the mRNA level showed no significant difference, while the protein level of the mutant was remarkably reduced compared to that of the wild‐type MIP. Immunofluorescence images showed that the MIP‐WT was principally localized to the plasma membrane, whereas the MIP‐Ala101fs protein was aberrantly trapped in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the cell‐to‐cell adhesion capability and the cell‐to‐cell communication property were both significantly reduced for MIP‐Ala101fs compared to the MIP‐WT (all *p < 0.05). This is the first report of the c.301delG mutation in the MIP gene associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. We propose that the cataract is caused by the decreased protein expression and reduced cell‐to‐cell adhesion by the mutant MIP. The impaired trafficking or instability of the mutant protein, as well as compromised intercellular communication is probably a concurrent result of the mutation. The results expand the genetic and phenotypic spectra of MIP and help to better understand the molecular basis of congenital cataracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from epidermal melanocytes. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of cancer pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. However, the expression profile of lncRNAs and their role in melanoma progression have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we firstly obtained the expression profile of lncRNAs in primary melanomas using microarray analysis and unveiled the differentially-expressed lncRNAs compared with nevus. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analysis showed the great involvement of dysregulated lncRNAs in melanoma biology and immune response. Further, we identified lncRNA CD27-AS1-208 as a novel nuclear-localized factor with prominent facilitative role in melanoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Mechanistically, CD27-AS1-208 could directly interact with STAT3 and contribute to melanoma progression in a STAT3-dependent manner. Ultimately, the role of CD27-AS1-208 in melanoma progression in vivo was also investigated. Collectively, the present study offers us a new horizon to better understand the role of lncRNAs in melanoma pathogenesis and demonstrates that CD27-AS1-208 up-regulation contributes to melanoma progression by activating STAT3 pathway. Targeting CD27-AS1-208 in melanoma cells can be exploited as a potential therapeutic approach that needs forward validation in clinical trials in the future.