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With the advancement of society, the issue of oil pollution is escalating, therefore we propose a straightforward and efficient approach for fabricating fully biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foams with exceptional selective oil-absorption capabilities through the integration of melt blending and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming techniques. The PLA90 foams, activated at 11 MPa and temperatures ranging from 105 ℃ to 110 ℃, exhibit an expansion ratio of 44 and a highly interconnected open-cell structure with an open-cell content exceeding 80%, effectively mitigating cell shrinkage occurrences. The 105 ℃-triggered PLA90 foam displays pronounced lipophilicity/hydrophobicity, accelerated oil-absorption kinetics, and elevated oil-absorption capacity. Specifically, the equilibrium absorption capacities for cyclohexane and silicone are 12.8 g/g and 20.1 g/g, respectively. Moreover, the maximum absorption capacity decline rate for silicone oil stands at a mere 13.4% over 10 absorption–desorption cycles. The findings presented in this study establish a theoretical framework and offer empirical evidence to support the development of fully biodegradable, high-performance, and reusable oil-absorption materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Despite a two‐fold risk, individuals of African ancestry have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS: Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 controls of African ancestry. Within‐dataset results were meta‐analyzed, followed by functional genomics analyses. RESULTS: A novel AD‐risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome (chr) 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF = 0.002, p = 3.68×10−9). Two additional novel common and nine rare loci were identified with suggestive associations (P < 9×10−7). Comparison of association and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 (ASCL1), suggesting that this association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION: These analyses identified novel AD‐associated loci in individuals of African ancestry and suggest that degree of African ancestry modulates some associations. Increased sample sets covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional loci and deconvolute local genetic ancestry effects. Highlights: Genetic ancestry significantly impacts risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although individuals of African ancestry are twice as likely to develop AD, they are vastly underrepresented in AD genomics studies.The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium has previously identified 16 common and rare genetic loci associated with AD in African American individuals. The current analyses significantly expand this effort by increasing the sample size and extending ancestral diversity by including populations from continental Africa.Single variant meta‐analysis identified a novel genome‐wide significant AD‐risk locus in individuals of African ancestry at the MPDZ gene, and 11 additional novel loci with suggestive genome‐wide significance at p < 9×10−7.Comparison of African American datasets with samples of higher degree of African ancestry demonstrated differing patterns of association and linkage disequilibrium at one of these loci, suggesting that degree and/or geographic origin of African ancestry modulates the effect at this locus.These findings illustrate the importance of increasing number and ancestral diversity of African ancestry samples in AD genomics studies to fully disentangle the genetic architecture underlying AD, and yield more effective ancestry‐informed genetic screening tools and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key node in the cortico‐limbic‐striatal circuitry that influences decision‐making guided by the relative value of outcomes. Midbrain dopamine from either the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has the potential to modulate OFC neurons; however, it is unknown at what concentrations these terminals release dopamine. Male and female adult dopamine transporter (DAT)IRES‐Cre–tdTomato mice were injected with AAV2/8‐EF1a‐DIO‐eYFP into either the DRN or the VTA or the retrograde label cholera toxin B (CTB) 488 in the medial or lateral OFC. We quantified co‐expression of CTB 488 or enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) with tdTomato fluorescence in VTA or DRN and eYFP fibre density in the medial or lateral OFC. Both VTA and DRN dopamine neurons project to either the medial OFC or the lateral OFC, with greater expression of fibres in the medial OFC. Using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry, we detected optogenetically evoked dopamine from channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)‐expressing VTA or DRN dopamine terminals in either the medial OFC or the lateral OFC. We assessed if optical stimulation of dopamine from the VTA or the DRN onto the medial OFC could alter layer V pyramidal neuronal firing; however, we did not observe a change in firing at stimulation parameters that evoked dopamine release from either projection even though bath application of dopamine with the monoamine transporter inhibitor, nomifensine, decreased firing. In summary, dopaminergic neurons from the VTA or the DRN project to the OFC and release submicromolar dopamine in the medial and lateral OFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]