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Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate the umbilical vein hemodynamic change in the prenatal cohort of pregnancies diagnosed with abnormal placental cord insertion(aPCI). Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022, the fetal umbilical cord insertion site was sonographically examined in singleton fetuses, and umbilical cord blood flow was calculated. Evaluation of the standard placental view and views of the umbilical cord insertion site on the placental surface by the grayscale image with appropriate image magnification. The exact umbilical cord insertion site was determined with two perpendicular planes centered on the umbilical cord insertion site. All grayscale images were followed by color Doppler flow mapping. The length of the space between the umbilical cord insertion site and the placental margin was less than or equal to 2 cm and was defined as abnormal placental cord insertion(aPCI). According to ISUOG and AIUM practice guidelines, standard fetal biometry, umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index (UAPI), umbilical artery resistance index (UARI), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV), and time-averaged intensity weighted mean velocity (TAV) of the umbilical vein (UV), and placental site of umbilical insertion was assessed, including two-dimensional grayscale imaging, color, and Doppler color flow mapping. Main outcome measures: Significantly lower UVBF in the VCI group, and increased relative risk of SGA, LBW, and PTB in aPCI group. Results: Among 570 singleton fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation in the final study. The results were divided into three subgroups according to the sonographic assessment of the umbilical cord insertion site: 86.0% normal umbilical cord insertions (group A), 11.6% marginal umbilical cord insertions(MCI) (group B), and 2.5% velamentous umbilical cord insertions (VCI) (group C). The umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) in the 3 groups was 145.39 ml/min, 146.18 ml/min, and 93.96 ml/min, respectively. UVBF was significantly lower in group C than in group A and group B (p< .05). The pregnancy resulted in the birth weight and delivered at gestational age compared with the normal cord insertions group, with lower birth weight (2820± 527gm vs 3144± 577gm, p < .05), and delivered at an earlier gestational age (38.0 ± 1.55 weeks vs. 38.8 ± 2.34 weeks, p < .05) was found in the VCI group. Conclusions: The strength of our study is that we focused solely on the hemodynamic changes in umbilical vein blood flow during isolated aPCI. Previous literature has reported only prenatal outcomes of aPCI for poor prognosis; however, we observed lower umbilical vein blood flow volume with aPCI. Hence, we propose UVBF analysis to evaluate fetal the aPCI according to umbilical vein hemodynamics as an advisory in prenatal care. This would be useful and would improve the clinical explanation of obstetricians about the potential prenatal consequences so that parents can opt for future prenatal care during pregnancy.

A single-dye polymer catalyst for efficient H2O2 photoproduction.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as one promising class of precatalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet most of them suffer from poor conductivity and lack of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, which hinders the fast electrochemical reconstruction and thus a poor OER activity. To address this issue, a unique heterocomposite has been constructed by in situ inserting carbon dots (CDs) into cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co-ZIF) nanosheet arrays (Co-ZIF/CDs/CC) in the presence of carbon cloth (CC) via one-pot coprecipitation for alkaline OER. Benefiting from the synergism between CDs and Co-ZIF subunits such as superior conductivity, strong charge interaction as well as abundant metal sites exposure, the Co-ZIF/CDs/CC exhibits an enhanced promotion effect for OER and contributes to the deep phase transformation from CDs-coupled Co-ZIF to CDs-coupled active CoOOH. As expected, the achieved Co-ZIF/CDs/CC only requires an overpotential of 226 mV to deliver 10 mA cm

To investigate the distribution frequency of anti-Mur and the characteristics of hemolytic disease of the newborn by anti-Mur in this region, and to provide basis for guiding clinical safe blood transfusion.Anti-Mur detected in blood preparation or transfusion cases from November 2020 to December 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, the laboratory test data and relevant clinical data of the patients were statistically analyzed.Among 39 069 cases of blood preparation or transfusion, 345 cases of irregular antibody were detected, including 23 cases of anti-Mur, 7 cases of male, and 4 cases of blood transfusion history. Among the 16 women, 9 had history of only pregnancy, 2 had history of only blood transfusion, and 5 had history of both blood transfusion and pregnancy. The median age of anti-Mur patients was 59(19-78) years old, which was higher than the median age of other positive patients in the same period, 45(1 day-93 year) years old (Anti-Mur has important clinical significance in Southern Fujian area, and its generation is closely related to the history of immunization. The age of anti-Mur detected is higher than that of other positive patients. Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-Mur has severe anemia symptoms and is easy to miss detection, which should be paid more attention to.抗-Mur在闽南地区人群分布频率及其导致新生儿溶血病的临床研究.了解本地区抗-Mur的分布频率以及引起新生儿溶血病的特点，为指导临床安全输血提供依据.回顾性分析本院2020年11月至2021年12月备血或输血病例中检出的抗-Mur，并对患者的实验室检测数据和相关临床资料进行统计学分析.39 069份备血或输血病例检出不规则抗体345例，其中抗-Mur 23例，男性7例，4例有输血史；女性16例，9例仅有妊娠史，2例仅有输血史，5例既有输血史又有妊娠史；抗-Mur检出者中位年龄为59(19-78)岁，高于同期其他抗筛阳性患者的中位年龄［45（1天-93岁）岁］（抗-Mur在闽南地区是有重要临床意义的同种抗体，抗-Mur的产生与免疫史密切相关，抗-Mur检出者年龄高于其他抗筛阳性患者。抗-Mur引起的新生儿溶血病患儿贫血症状重，容易漏检，应引起重视.

Itaconic acid (IA), an important five-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, is one of the top 12 renewable chemicals with an urgent need to reduce industrial production costs. Halomonas bluephagenesis, which possesses the potential for cost-effective bioproduction of chemicals and organic acids due to its ability to grow under open nonsterile conditions and high tolerance to organic acid salts, was genetically engineered and used to produce IA from citrate by a cell catalytic strategy. Here, two essential genes (cis-aconitate decarboxylase encoding gene cadA and aconitase (ACN) encoding gene acn) were introduced into H. bluephagenesis to construct an IA biosynthesis pathway. Further engineering modifications including coexpression of molecular chaperones GroESL, increasing the copy number of the gene encoding rate-limiting enzyme ACN, and weakening the competing pathway were implemented. Under the optimized condition for the cell catalytic system, the engineered strain TAZI-08 produced 451.45 mM (58.73 g/L) IA from 500 mM citrate, with 93.24% conversion in 36 h and a productivity of 1.63 g/(L h). An intermittent feeding strategy further increased the IA titer to 488.86 mM (63.60 g/L). The IA titer and citrate conversion in H. bluephagenesis are the highest among heterologous hosts reported so far, demonstrating that this strain is a suitable chassis for hyperproduction of IA.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a non-glycosylated, negatively charged, single-chain polypeptide composed of 585 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 66.438 kD. It is synthesized by the liver at a rate of approximately 200 mg·kg−1·day−1, with a half-life of 21 days, and subjected to catabolism in the muscles, liver, and kidneys at a rate of 4% per day.[1] Albumin, accounting for 60% of the total plasma protein, has various physiological functions,[2] such as maintaining 70% to 80% of effective plasma colloid osmotic pressure, coordinating vascular endothelial integrity, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, maintaining the acid-base balance, and participating in the transport, distribution, and metabolism of a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances. The normal concentration of plasma albumin is 35 to 50 g/L. In clinical practice, hypoalbuminemia often occurs because of reduced albumin synthesis due to liver dysfunction, redistribution of serum albumin due to capillary leakage, or increased loss via the intestinal and renal routes. Hypoalbuminemia (defined as a serum albumin concentration less than 35 g/L) reportedly has an incidence of 24% to 87% in critically ill patients,[3] while severe hypoalbuminemia (a serum albumin concentration less than 25 g/L) has an incidence of 5.0–9.6%.[4] Hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for increased short- and long-term mortality and an increased incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute conditions such as trauma, cardiogenic shock, and sepsis.[5] A meta-analysis showed that for every 10 g/L decrease in the serum albumin concentration in critically ill patients, there was a 137% increase in in-hospital mortality, an 89% increase in the incidence of comorbidities, and a 72% increase in the length of hospital stay.[6] Hypoalbuminemia can also alter the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, leading to either insufficient or excessively high blood concentrations, thereby resulting in treatment failure or excessive toxicity.[7] HSA is mainly used for fluid resuscitation and the treatment of hypoproteinemia in critically ill patients.[2] Existing studies have shown controversial results regarding whether the use of albumin in critically ill patients improves their clinical prognosis.[8] Albumin consumption varies greatly among countries,[9] and its inappropriate use is frequently seen, with 40% to 90% of reported HSA applications failing to follow clinical guidelines.[10] A tertiary hospital in China reported that hypoproteinemia was the most common indication for the use of HSA (35.6%); however, it was also used in 11.8% of patients with serum albumin concentrations more than 40 g/L. The reason for its use was not documented in 22% of cases.[11] In clinical practice, guidelines and consensus are lacking regarding the selection of HSA concentration, the timing of administration, dosage, and target concentration. Inappropriate use of HSA will cause adverse effects and increase medical costs inevitably, whereas guidance from clinical pharmacists or hospital standards can help reduce inappropriate HSA use by 30% and decrease medical costs without affecting patient prognosis.[12] To further strengthen the standardized application of HSA in critically ill patients and achieve optimal clinical outcomes, the Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine convened a panel of relevant experts who reviewed and summarized data on the clinical use of HSA, outlined 11 relevant clinical problems, and formulated the “Expert Consensus on the Use of Human Serum Albumin in Critically Ill Patients” using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extremely common opportunistic pathogen in clinical practice. Patients with metabolic disorders, hematologic diseases, malignancies, who have undergone surgery or who have received certain treatments are susceptible to this bacterium. In addition, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant that tends to form biofilms and is refractory to treatment. Small regulatory RNAs are RNA molecules that are 40–500 nucleotides long, possess regulatory function, are ubiquitous in bacteria, and are also known as small RNA (sRNA). sRNAs play important regulatory roles in various vital life processes in diverse bacteria and their quantity and diversity of regulatory functions exceeds that of proteins. In this study, we showed that deletion of the sRNA RgsA decreases the growth rate and ability to resist different concentrations and durations of peroxide in P. aeruginosa. These decreases occur not only in the planktonic state, but also in the biofilm state. Finally, protein mass spectrometry was employed to understand changes in the entire protein spectrum. The results presented herein provide a description of the role of RgsA in the life activities of P. aeruginosa at the molecular, phenotypic, and protein levels.

BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used as an anti-fibrinolytic drug for over half a century and has received much attention in recent decades. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of topical vs intravenous TXA in reducing blood loss and promoting wound healing in bone surgery. METHODS From the electronic resources, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, and Scopus were used to perform a literature search over the last 10 years between 2010 and 2020. EndNote™ X8 was used for managing the electronic resource. Searches were performed with mesh terms. The data were retracted blindly by two independent reviewers. Random effects were used to deal with potential heterogeneity and I2 showed heterogeneity. Chi-square (I2) tests were used to quantify the extent of heterogeneity (P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant). The efficacy of topical TXA in reducing blood loss and promoting wound healing in bone surgery was compared with intravenous TXA and placebo. RESULTS According to the research design, 1360 potentially important research abstracts and titles were discovered in our electronic searches, and 18 papers remained in agreement with our inclusion criteria. It was found that TXA reduced 277.51 mL of blood loss compared to placebo, and there was no significant difference between topical TXA and IV TXA in reducing blood loss in bone surgery. Our analyses also showed that TXA significantly reduced blood transfusion compared to placebo and there was no significant difference between topical TXA and IV TXA. CONCLUSION The use of both topical and intravenous TXA are equally effective in reducing blood loss in bone surgery, which might be beneficial for wound healing after surgery.

This paper presents an EHD model for SPH based on a charge-conservative approach. Compared with the leaky dielectric model, the EHD model used in this paper was charge conserved, since no term in the charge conservation equation was neglected. An implicit SPH formula for calculating the electric potential from the electrical properties of the previous time step was constructed, based on the electric potential Poisson equation and the charge conservation equation. The SPH formulas of the electric field and the charge density were also presented. To implement the EHD boundary condition accurately, a scheme, with two kinds of EHD boundary dummy particles, was developed. Both static and hydrodynamic numerical tests were conducted, and the accuracy of the proposed EHD model for SPH was verified by comparison with the results of analysis, the FVM method and the existing ISPH with the leaky dielectric model. This study provides an efficient method for simulating complex EHD problems with SPH.

In this paper, a particle refinement scheme with a hybrid particle interacting technique for SPH is proposed. The axis-aligned square refinement pattern is adopted to split coarse particles into fine ones and produces a new kind of particle named as “representative particles”. Representative particles have the same masses and initial particle spacings as the fine ones and are used to represent coarse particles to interact with fine ones. With this treatment, interpolation errors from direct interactions of coarse and fine particles can be avoided. Numerical tests have demonstrated that the proposed particle refinement scheme is accurate and stable, and provides an effective approach to improve the simulation resolution of SPH with limited computational cost.

Background In vivo biosensors have a wide range of applications, ranging from the detection of metabolites to the regulation of metabolic networks, providing versatile tools for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. However, in view of the vast array of metabolite molecules, the existing number and performance of biosensors is far from sufficient, limiting their potential applications in metabolic engineering. Therefore, we developed the synthetic glycine-ON and -OFF riboswitches for metabolic regulation and directed evolution of enzyme in Escherichia coli. Results The results showed that a synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch (glyOFF6) and an increased-detection-range synthetic glycine-ON riboswitch (glyON14) were successfully screened from a library based on the Bacillus subtilis glycine riboswitch using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and tetA-based dual genetic selection. The two synthetic glycine riboswitches were successfully used in tunable regulation of lactate synthesis, dynamic regulation of serine synthesis and directed evolution of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in Escherichia coli, respectively. Mutants AGXT22 and AGXT26 of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase with an increase of 58% and 73% enzyme activity were obtained by using a high-throughput screening platform based on the synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch, and successfully used to increase the 5-aminolevulinic acid yield of engineered Escherichia coli. Conclusions A synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch and an increased-detection-range synthetic glycine-ON riboswitch were successfully designed and screened. The developed riboswitches showed broad application in tunable regulation, dynamic regulation and directed evolution of enzyme in E. coli.

Flavor production by esters or by higher alcohols play a key role in the sensorial quality of fermented alcoholic beverages. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the syntheses of esters and higher alcohols are considerably influenced by intracellular CoA levels catalyzed by pantothenate kinase. In this work, we examined the effects of cofactor CoA and acetyl-CoA synthesis on the metabolism of esters and higher alcohols. Strains 12α−BAP2 and 12α+ATF1 where generated by deleting and overexpressing BAP2 (encoded branched-chain amino acid permease) and ATF1 (encoded alcohol acetyl transferases), respectively, in the parent 12α strains. Then, 12α−BAP2+CAB1 and 12α−BAP2+CAB3 strains were obtained by overexpressing CAB1 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab1) and CAB3 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab3) in the 12α−BAP2 strain, and 12α−BAP2+CAB1+ATF1 and 12α−BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were generated by overexpressing ATF1 in the pantothenate kinase overexpression strains. The acetate ester level in 12α−BAP2 was slightly changed relative to that in the control strain 12α, whereas the acetate ester levels in 12α−BAP2+CAB1, 12α−BAP2+CAB3, 12α−BAP2+CAB1+ATF1, and 12α−BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were distinctly increased (44–118% for ethyl acetate and 18–57% for isoamyl acetate). The levels of n-propanol, methyl-1-butanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, and phenethylol levels were changed and varied among the six engineered strains. The levels of acetate esters and higher alcohols can be modulated by changing the CoA and acetyl-CoA levels. The method proposed in this work supplies a practical means of breeding yeast strains by modulating acetate ester and higher alcohol production.