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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of boron compounds on cellulose fibers during recycling. Three recycling stages were conducted, applying boric acid and borax to bleached papers. Physical, mechanical, and optical properties were measured after each process. The highest water absorption (218 g/m2) was observed in test papers from the second recycling stage using 10% borax-treated pulps (10Bx2). Boric acid treatment notably improved burst strength, with the highest value (3.94 kPa m2/g) in the first recycling stage with 5.0% boric acid treatment (5Ba1). The highest tensile strength (49.48 Nm/g) occurred in the first recycling stage with 5.0% boric acid treatment, while the lowest (17.41 Nm/g) was in the second recycling stage (5Bx2) with 5.0% borax treatment. Tear strength exhibited different trends from burst and tensile strength, with notable improvements using 5.0% and 10% boric acid and 10% borax treatments on recovered cellulose fibers. The highest tear strength (9.20 Nm2/g) was achieved with 5.0% boric acid treatment (5Ba2) in the second recycling stage, followed by 8.21 Nm2/g with 10% boric acid treatment (10Ba1) in the first recycling stage. Tear strength trends differed from burst and tensile strength properties, regardless of treatment conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the organic tissue dissolution capacities of 3 different irrigation agitation techniques (IATs) in artificial internal root resorption cavities (IRCs). Materials and Methods Ninety freshly extracted maxillary human incisors were selected. After decoronation procedure, the roots were split longitudinally, and a standard IRC were prepared in the canals on each half of the roots. Then, the bovine pulp samples (~2,3 mg) were previously weighed and placed into the cavities. The root fragments were reassembled and cemented to create a circular IRC within the canal. Teeth samples were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=15); sodium chlorur (NaCl) and sonic irrigation (SI), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SI, NaCl and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), NaOCl and PUI, NaCl and laser activated irrigation (LAI), NaOCl and LAI. After that, the teeth were decemented and the tissue samples inside the cavities were weighed again. The percentage of weight loss was calculated and statistically analyzed. Results SI has significantly more successful results than PUI and LAI in groups which the irrigant was NaCl. There was also a significant difference between LAI and PUI in groups which the irrigant was NaOCl (Group 6 Group 4, p=0.003). There was no significant difference between LAI and SI with NaOCl. Conclusion Complete dissolution of bovine pulp tissue from IRCs was not achieved by any tested techniques. However, the LAI with NaOCl was more effective than other IATs. In addition, there is no significant difference between the LAI and SI with NaOCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ascertain their potential applications in the food industry, dragon fruit varieties, namely H. undatus and H. polyrhizus, were thoroughly analyzed for their physical, nutritional, and phytochemical properties. The focus was on pulp and juice, emphasizing color, mineral content, proximate analysis, and phytochemical constituents. Red flesh dragon fruit displayed a bright pink color, a slightly smaller length (9.1 cm), and a larger diameter (8.3 cm) compared to white flesh dragon fruit (9.9 cm length, 7.53 cm diameter). Red flesh dragon fruit also exhibited higher circumference and weight. White flesh dragon fruit demonstrated superior juice yield (36.23 %) compared to red flesh dragon fruit (35.28 %). Red flesh dragon fruit had higher levels of total sugar (8.45 %), protein (1.36 %), and ascorbic acid (19.83 mg/100g) in its pulp. It also showed elevated mineral content of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Conversely, white flesh dragon fruit had higher fat content (0.65 %) and carbohydrate content (9.76 %) in its pulp. White flesh dragon fruit displayed brighter color characteristics with higher L*, a*, and b* values. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of betacyanin in red flesh dragon fruit (30.87 mg/100g) but not in white flesh dragon fruit. Red flesh dragon fruit exhibited significantly higher total phenolic content in pulp (49.67 mg GA/100g) and juice (41.25 mg GA/100g) than white flesh dragon fruit. These findings highlight substantial differences (P < 0.05) between red and white flesh dragon fruit in physical, nutritional, and phytochemical aspects, offering valuable insights for their incorporation into diverse food products, such as beverages and ice cream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its very important economic and environmental interests, the cultivation of carob tree in Algeria has experienced remarkable development, which is reflected in the methods of plant multiplication, the increase in the surface area of its cultivation, and in particular, the growing number of carob fruit processing industries (first and second transformation). In this context, the present study focused on the evaluation of the food quality of whole pod powders and carob pulps from three different regions of Algeria (Boumerdes, Relizane, and Tissemsilt). The experimental part presents a morphobiometric characterisation of carob pods carried out during the 2020–2021 production campaign — length, width, mass, volume, thickness, size index (length/width), the number and mass of seeds, analysis of the food quality of carob powders from whole pods and their pulps and determining their physicochemical properties (particle size, pH and dry matter), nutritional properties (ash, crude proteins, total sugars, crude fibres, fats) and sensory (colour, taste, texture, and smell). The results showed that the morphobiometric characteristics of the carob pods studied (physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties of the powders) strongly depend on the biogeographical site of the carob tree and the conditions of its production. Compared to the other carob fruit powders analysed, Relizane carob pulps powder showed a better sensory appreciation; this powder was characterised by a colour (100% light brown), taste (50% sweet, 50% very sweet), texture (100% fine), and odour (100% carob with strong intensity). Indeed, the study of the food quality of the two types of powders obtained separately from whole pods (seeds and pulps) and from the pulps is very valuable and opens possible ways of food valorisation of carob tree fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance computing (HPC) processors are nowadays integrated cyber-physical systems demanding complex and high-bandwidth closed-loop power and thermal control strategies. To efficiently satisfy real-time multi-input multi-output (MIMO) optimal power requirements, high-end processors integrate an on-die power controller system (PCS). While traditional PCSs are based on a simple microcontroller (MCU)-class core, more scalable and flexible PCS architectures are required to support advanced MIMO control algorithms for managing the ever-increasing number of cores, power states, and process, voltage, and temperature variability. This paper presents ControlPULP, an open-source, HW/SW RISC-V parallel PCS platform consisting of a single-core MCU with fast interrupt handling coupled with a scalable multi-core programmable cluster accelerator and a specialized DMA engine for the parallel acceleration of real-time power management policies. ControlPULP relies on FreeRTOS to schedule a reactive power control firmware (PCF) application layer. We demonstrate ControlPULP in a power management use-case targeting a next-generation 72-core HPC processor. We first show that the multi-core cluster accelerates the PCF, achieving 4.9x speedup compared to single-core execution, enabling more advanced power management algorithms within the control hyper-period at a shallow area overhead, about 0.1% the area of a modern HPC CPU die. We then assess the PCS and PCF by designing an FPGA-based, closed-loop emulation framework that leverages the heterogeneous SoCs paradigm, achieving DVFS tracking with a mean deviation within 3% the plant's thermal design power (TDP) against a software-equivalent model-in-the-loop approach. Finally, we show that the proposed PCF compares favorably with an industry-grade control algorithm under computational-intensive workloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminate biocomposites of wood pulp/polylactic acid (PLA) are produced using four types of adhesives as compatibilizers: PVA, PVA modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (modified PVA), PVA with microfibrillated cellulose (PVA-MFC), and the modified PVA with MFC (modified PVA-MFC). Sheets of wood pulp were spray-coated with the compatibilizers and then laminated with PLA film. The lamination of PLA film and pulp sheet via spray coating of modified PVA was successful due to the improved compatibility of the components. Modified PVA could increase the tensile strength of the laminate biocomposite by up to 25% compared with unmodified PVA. Additionally, the incorporation of 5 wt% of modified PVA-MFC improved the impact resistance of the laminate biocomposite by 195% while surface polarity was reduced by almost 85%. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) of viscoelastic properties revealed the plasticizing effect of MFC in modified PVA. Modified PVA-MFC best promoted the damping factor of the laminate biocomposite. A soil burial test showed that modified PVA-MFC also had the greatest effect on the biodegradation of the laminate biocomposite with a weight loss of 50% after six months. Our study indicated that the laminate biocomposite compatibilized with modified PVA-MFC (5 wt% dry mass of MFC in modified PVA) exhibited better mechanical properties and biodegradation than the other studied biocomposites and was more suitable for use as degradable food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretreatment of pulp is a critical step in the fibrillation process to improve the quality and efficiency for cellulose nanofibril (CNF) production. This work employed a straightforward and entirely aqueous methacrylation and subsequent grafting-through polymerization technique to modify bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP). Specifically, methacrylate groups, poly(acrylamide) (PAM), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were chemically affixed to the surface of BSKP fibers, which was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. Bench-scale experiments were scaled up to pilot scale to prepare the modified BSKP samples, these were subjected to fibrillation using a Supermasscolloider (SMC), and the net cumulative energy (NCE) expended was monitored during the fibrillation process. Notably, the modified BSKP samples exhibited a substantial reduction in NCE, with the methacrylate modified BSKP sample achieving a 68% reduction in NCE expenditure to attain 90% fines as compared to the fibrillation of unmodified BSKP and producing methacrylate modified cellulose nanofibrils (Met-CNFs). Furthermore, we delved into the impact of polymeric surface modifications, both pre-and post-fibrillation, on fiber and fibril behavior, including the water retention value (WRV), hard-to-remove water (HR-Water), and rheological behavior. The attached polymer's hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity influenced the physical properties of the CNFs. Additionally, we executed a post-grafting polymerization process on the produced Met-CNFs. This additional step allowed us to modify nanofibril surfaces, yielding increased surface functionalization and producing modified CNFs that could be used for composite applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this work was to study the role of the acetylation process of wheat straw pulp on its ability to rheologically modify two of the most important non-polar engineering fluid: bitumen and oil. Pulp was produced by a pilot-scale kraft pulping process from local wheat straw. Pulp was functionalized with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid as a catalyst by modifying (temperature, pulp/acetic anhydride mass ratio, and reaction time. Further, chemical, morphological and thermal changes induced by the acetylation process were properly assessed. Acetylated wheat straw pulp dispersions in oil showed gel-like behaviour, with a mechanical spectrum characterized by higher values of the storage modulus (G′) and a minimum in the loss modulus (G″) at intermediate frequencies. The complex modulus (G*) for bitumen dispersions formulated with acetylated samples was up to 4 times higher than neat bitumen, and the phase angle (δ) indicated an enhancement in the elastic behavior parameters. The rheological response of these systems was associated with the microstructural network formed by pulp fibers and the balance between the physical and chemical changes of wheat straw fibers. According to the experimental results obtained, it can be concluded that acetylation is a relevant chemical treatment to modulate the rheological properties of wheat straw pulp dispersions in non-polar fluids, improving the compatibility between pulp fibers and these engineering fluids. Accordingly, this study provides valuable insights into the development of sustainable multiphasic materials (bitumen binders and semi-solid lubricants) for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stone fruits, such as the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), are frequently consumed. As such, a substantial volume of apricot waste is generated at each stage of the food supply chain, including harvesting, processing, packaging, warehousing, transportation, retailing, and eventual consumption. This generates tons of waste annually on a global scale. The significant amounts of phenolics present in these wastes are primarily responsible for their antioxidant capacity and the subsequent health advantages they provide. As such, apricot pulp by-products could be a valuable reservoir of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols, polyphenolic compounds, proteins, dietary fibers, etc. Moreover, apricot kernels are also recognized for their abundance of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and tocopherols, which find utility in diverse sectors including cosmetology and the food industry. Both conventional and green methods are employed, and generally, green methods lead to higher extraction efficiency. The antimicrobial properties of apricot kernel essential oil have been widely recognized, leading to its extensive historical usage in the treatment of diverse ailments. In addition, apricot kernel oil possesses the capacity to serve as a viable resource for renewable fuels and chemicals. This review examines the potential of apricot waste as a source of bioactive compounds, as well as its utilization in diverse applications, with an emphasis on its contribution to health improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotechnology and artificial intelligence have sparked a revolution in dentistry, with a focus on restoring natural tissue functions. This transformation has given rise to bioactive materials, inspired by biomimetics, aimed at replicating the processes found in nature. As synthetic biology advances, there is a heightened focus on signaling systems crucial for bio-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Dentistry now harnesses synthetic proteins for tissue regeneration and dental material enhancement. A current research priority is bacterial biofilm inhibition, vital for dental health. Given the role of Streptococcus mutans in dental caries, the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides targeting this bacterium is underway. The balance of dental enamel between demineralization and remineralization impacts caries formation. Factors such as the presence of hydroxyapatite and salivary peptides influence enamel health. Recent studies have spotlighted salivary protein-inspired peptides for enhanced remineralization. In the realm of bone regeneration, synthetic proteins like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been spotlighted, earning FDA approval. Research is currently delving into peptides such as cementum protein 1 peptide (CEMP-1-p1) and parathyroid hormone variants like PTH (1-34), underscoring their potential in advancing dental and bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in purifying and reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose for the production of dissolving pulp. Our goal was to determine the contributions of xylanase (X) and endoglucanase (EG) in the treatment of pulp, specifically by quantifying the formation of soluble and insoluble reducing sugars using the dinitrosalycilic acid (DNS) test. Predominantly, the release of soluble reducing sugars (RSSol) was enhanced after xylanase treatment, while endoglucanase (EG) treatment led to changes in insoluble reducing sugars (RSIns). The maximum synergism was observed for RSIns when a high ratio of endoglucanase to xylanase (320EG:5X/g pulp) was used. The relative contribution of endoglucanase to RSins was determined to be 15.6% of the total reducing sugar. The viscosity of pulps treated with xylanase decreased only by 7%, whereas endoglucanase treatment significantly reduced viscosity by 45%. Modifications in the particle size were observed after pulp treatment with the combination of endoglucanase and xylanase. In summary, the DNS test is a rapid and effective method for evaluating the efficiency of enzyme treatments on pulps. The measurement of RSIns correlates with changes in pulp viscosity to different extents, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of enzyme treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp revascularization is an emerging treatment modality in endodontics aimed at preserving the vitality and function of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of pulp revascularization, encompassing its rationale, clinical procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, limitations, and potential future prospects. By critically analyzing the existing literature and clinical experiences, this review aims to offer insights into the efficacy, challenges, and potential advancements in the field of pulp revascularization.

Abstract Aim To investigate iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for dental pulp disease in children from the central Peruvian jungle. Methodology A case-control study was carried out with 270 children, of which 90 referred to cases and 180, to controls. Patients with pulp disease were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Association of Endodontists and the American Board of Endodontics. A specific questionnaire was used to assess ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a binary logistic regression. Results Iron deficiency anemia offers a risk factor for pulp disease in children (OR 7.44, IC 95% 4.0-13.8). According to multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, ferrous sulfate consumption (OR 13.8, IC 95% 5.6.33.9), maternal education level (OR 2.4, IC 95% 1.1-5.3), maternal age (OR 7.5, IC 95% 2.9-19.4), household income (OR 4.0, IC 95% 1.6-9.6), and caries (OR 10.7, IC 95% 4.5-25.7) configured independent factors that were statistically associated with pulp disease. Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia, ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, household income, and dental caries were positively associated with pulp disease in children

Stone fruits, such as the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), are frequently consumed. As such, a substantial volume of apricot waste is generated at each stage of the food supply chain, including harvesting, processing, packaging, warehousing, transportation, retailing, and eventual consumption. This generates tons of waste annually on a global scale. The significant amounts of phenolics present in these wastes are primarily responsible for their antioxidant capacity and the subsequent health advantages they provide. As such, apricot pulp by-products could be a valuable reservoir of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols, polyphenolic compounds, proteins, dietary fibers, etc. Moreover, apricot kernels are also recognized for their abundance of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and tocopherols, which find utility in diverse sectors including cosmetology and the food industry. Both conventional and green methods are employed, and generally, green methods lead to higher extraction efficiency. The antimicrobial properties of apricot kernel essential oil have been widely recognized, leading to its extensive historical usage in the treatment of diverse ailments. In addition, apricot kernel oil possesses the capacity to serve as a viable resource for renewable fuels and chemicals. This review examines the potential of apricot waste as a source of bioactive compounds, as well as its utilization in diverse applications, with an emphasis on its contribution to health improvement.

ABSTRACTThe Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) (Skeels)) is a woody species endemic to Algeria (Tindouf region mostly) and Morocco. It is a plant species of oleo-agro-sylvo-pastoral and ecological importance as it contributes to the fight against desertification and climate change. Moreover, the seed is used for extracting oil, which has high dietic and cosmetic qualities. In this work, the fruit harvest period and Argania spinosa productivity are related to the phenological process of flowering and fruiting. Our results show that the experimental argan trees of Mostaganem bloom late to be pollinated in the spring and remain dormant throughout the summer, in contrast to the endemic Tindouf trees that bloom early in September, bear fruit and ripen in the same season. This explains why that the fruits of the Tindouf region are the richest compared to the fruits of the other two regions. Our study shows that the pulp always contains more than almonds, as the oil was extracted and analyzed, the pulp is the fraction richest in phenols, while almond is the poorest fraction (3.43 ± 0.72 mg/g, 1.34 ± 0.03 mg/g), the same thing goes for the total flavonoid content (9 ± 0.5 mg/g, 2.83 ± 0.14 mg/g). The greatest activity was recorded in the fruits of Tindouf. As for the components of the fruit, the highest activity was recorded in the pulps then the almonds and the lowest in the oil (502 ± 11.42 g, 216 ± 8.43 g, 174 ± 3.61 g), respectively. Concerning primary metabolites, the fruit is rich (the almond is rich in proteins, the pulp is rich in sugar and the oil is rich in lipids).

Recent research has highlighted the effectiveness of starter inocula in fermentation processes. In this sense, this study examines the use of an inoculum composed of coffee pulp, mucilage broth, and microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and S. thermophilus in fermenting Castillo variety coffee. An inoculum was prepared, measuring variables such as the pH, acidity, °Brix, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast viability. Following optimization, the inoculum was evaluated in a fermentation process, evaluating the pH, °Brix, acidity, microbiological analysis, ochratoxin A, and cup quality post-drying and roasting. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in the pH from 4.47 to 4.05 and in the °Brix from 15.8 to 8.45, indicating efficient organic acid production and sugar degradation. Acidity levels increased from 20.02 mg/g to 42.69 mg/g, while microbial viabilities remained above 107 CFUs/g, suggesting effective biomass production. The process effectively reduced the microbial load without detecting ochratoxin A. Sensory evaluations confirmed the enhanced cup quality, validating the positive impact of inoculum use in coffee fermentation. The results support the use of coffee pulp and mucilage broth as effective substrates for the growth of the evaluated microorganisms, and the application of starter cultures containing lactic acid bacteria and yeast can elevate the coffee to a specialty grade.

Polyphenols are important functional components that have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Apple fruit is rich in polyphenols and is one of the dietary sources of polyphenols. The polyphenol components and contents of the peel and pulp of 74 Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. and 26 Chinese Malus germplasm resources were determined using ultra-high-phase chromatography (UPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that 34 components were detected in the peel and 30 in the flesh, and that the polyphenol components and contents of the different germplasm resources were significantly different; the polyphenol content of Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. was significantly higher than that of the other local varieties, and the polyphenol content in the peel was also higher than that in the flesh. Rutin, quercetin 3-O-arabopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin 3-O-galactoside were detected only in the peel. The total polyphenol content in the peel ranged from 949.76 to 5840.06 mg/kg, and the polyphenol content in the pulp ranged from 367.31 to 5123.10 mg/kg. The cluster analysis of polyphenol components and contents in peel and pulp showed that 100 Malus germplasm resources could be grouped into four categories. Principal component analysis of 34 kinds and 30 kinds of polyphenols in peel and pulp of 100 resources was performed. If the eigenvalue is greater than 1, eight and seven principal components are extracted, respectively. Five Malus resources with high polyphenol content in the peel and pulp were selected: ‘XY-77’ (peel: 5840.06 mg/kg, pulp: 5123.10 mg/kg; ‘LF-09’ (peel: 4692.63 mg/kg, pulp: 3729.79 mg/kg); ‘2012-5’ (peel: 4377.61 mg/kg, pulp: 3847.54 mg/kg); ‘29028’ (peel: 5088.05 mg/kg, pulp: 3994.61 mg/kg); and ‘11-01’ (peel: 5154.45 mg/kg, pulp: 3616.15 mg/kg). These results provide us with information regarding the polyphenol composition and content of the wild apple resources and local cultivars. The high polyphenol content resources obtained by screening can be used as raw materials for the extraction of polyphenol components and functional fruit juice processing and can also be used as parents for functional fruit creation and variety breeding.

Pulp revascularization is an emerging treatment modality in endodontics aimed at preserving the vitality and function of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of pulp revascularization, encompassing its rationale, clinical procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, limitations, and potential future prospects. By critically analyzing the existing literature and clinical experiences, this review aims to offer insights into the efficacy, challenges, and potential advancements in the field of pulp revascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone injuries and fractures reliably heal through a process of regeneration with restoration to original structure and function when the gap between adjacent sides of a fracture site is small. However, when there is significant volumetric loss of bone, bone regeneration usually does not occur. In the present studies, we explore a particular case of volumetric bone loss in a mouse model of human periodontal disease (PD) in which alveolar bone surrounding teeth is permanently lost and not replaced. This model employs the placement a ligature around the upper second molar for 10 days leading to inflammation and bone breakdown and faithfully replicates the bacterially-induced inflammatory etiology of human PD to induce bone degeneration. After ligature removal, mice are treated with a timed-release formulation of a small molecule inhibitor of prolylhydroxylases (PHDi; 1,4-DPCA) previously shown to induce epimorphic regeneration of soft tissue in non-regenerating mice. This PHDi induces high expression of HIF-1α and is able to shift the metabolic state from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, an energetic state used by stem cells and embryonic tissue. This regenerative response was completely blocked by siHIF1a. In these studies, we show that timed-release 1,4-DPCA rapidly and completely restores PD-affected bone and soft tissue with normal anatomic fidelity and with increased stem cell markers due to site-specific stem cell migration and/or de-differentiation of local tissue, periodontal ligament (PDL) cell proliferation, and increased vascularization. In-vitro studies using gingival tissue show that 1,4-DPCA indeed induces de-differentiation and the expression of stem cell markers but does not exclude the role of migrating stem cells. Evidence of metabolic reprogramming is seen by the expression of not only HIF-1a, its gene targets, and resultant de-differentiation markers, but also the metabolic genes Glut-1, Gapdh, Pdk1, Pgk1 and Ldh-a in jaw periodontal tissue.

A reinforced eco-friendly cushioning material (ECM) comprising starch and cellulose material was developed. The ECM was prepared based on the starch type and cellulose material content; it was compared with commercial CMs. Different sizes of refined pulp (RP) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were manufactured from hardwood bleached kraft pulp via beating and grinding, respectively. Thereafter, amylose-containing corn starch (CS) or amylopectin-only-containing glutinous rice starch (GS) was mixed with the manufactured cellulose materials. A slurry comprising starch and cellulose materials was homogenized for 2 min and lyophilized to prepare the ECM, after which the structure and strength characteristics of the prepared ECM were evaluated. The GS-prepared ECM produced a plate-like internal structure because of its amylopectin content, and amylose-containing CS exhibited a net-like shape. The cellulose materials offered support between starches with plate-like or net structure ECMs, and the pore shape was formed by adding MFC. As the cellulose material content increased, the strength of the ECM increased compared with that of the commercial CMs. Thus, ECMs with higher strength than their commercial counterparts could be manufactured with GS and cellulose materials.

Handmade paper has been around for centuries. In Asia, Europe, and other parts of the world, the means of creating handmade paper depend largely on traditional equipment and other industrial machines. In Ghana, the means of creating handmade paper is through a tedious process of hand beating the bast fiber of the Kyenkyen tree. This resulted in the production of a proto-paper known as the bark cloth. This traditional method has almost become extinct with the influx of imported industrial papers. Therefore the purpose of this study was to seek a solution to this problem through the possible design and fabrication of a paper pulp-making machine daubed the Ada Beater. Thus getting vital tools for making art, print, and papermaking. The paper explored practice-based research methodology to fabricate a papermaking machine known as the Ada Beater. The results showed that the machine can be fabricated and made to produce improved papers of archival quality derived from various plant sources in Ghana. It is recommended that this homegrown know-how should be made available to artists and art teachers for the teaching and use of handmade paper for artistic purposes.

Background. The technology of deep grain processing is based on the use of operations that ensure separation of raw materials into various components and sequential processing of these components into products of high consumer value. The annual volume of deep grain processing products is over 100 million tons. Starch, as the most valuable component of processed grain, is used in the food industry, pharmacy, and in significant amounts for technical purposes. Studying the potential of domestic maize hybrids to provide raw materials for deep grain processing enterprises is a relevant task.Materials and methods. The material for field and laboratory studies included 17 commercial maize hybrids developed at the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center. The content of starch, protein and oil in grain was measured with infrared spectroscopy on an Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer. Actual extraction of native starch was implemented using the “plant-on-the-table” method developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Starch Products, and breeding trials of maize hybrids were carried out in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in 2020/2021.Results. As a result of the research, 13 hybrids with a mass fraction of starch in the range of 70.0–73.2% DM were identified: KR210MV, KR270MV, KR377AMV, KR385MV, KR415MV, ROSS198MV, KR433MV, KR514MV, KR575MV, LYUDMILA, ROSS190MV, and ROSS195MV. Of these, the grain yield in the range of 10–14 t/ha was shown by the hybrids KR270MV, KR315MV, KR377AMV, KR415MV, KR514MV, and KR575MV. In accordance with the results obtained, a number of hybrids can be recommended as source material for breeding and promising raw material for deep grain processing: KR415MV, KR393MV, and ROSS198MV, yielding 90.0–94.4% DW of starch when processed, and KR315MV, with a mass fraction of amylose in starch up to 38.6% DW.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface modification efficiency of raw zeolite by hexadecyl trimethylammonium cationic surfactant for cyanide sorption. Properties such as mineralogy, morphology and elemental composition of sorbents were determined. Batch and column tests were performed to evaluate the sorption efficiency of raw and modified zeolite from solution and released from the cyanide polluted pulp. The presence of clinoptilolite mineral and surfactant surface coating due to modification using surfactant was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy images. The results of isotherm experiment showed that modification of zeolite with surfactant increased the adsorption capacity of cyanide by zeolite 7 times compared to the raw sample and the maximum adsorption capacity of cyanide by modified zeolite was 3.97 mg/g. The ability of surfactant-modified zeolite to sorb more cyanide than raw zeolite was confirmed by the results of the column test on the cyanide released from the pulp. It was observed that with increasing time, the concentration of cyanide in the outlet solution increases, but this increase in the cyanide concentration in the outlet solution of the column containing the modified zeolite is less than the raw zeolite.

IntroductionThe fruit of Saba senegalensis plays an important role in household nutrition. It is an important source of sweet carbohydrates, minerals, vitamin C, provitamin A and has many biological properties. It is also of economical importance and employment for rural populations, through the processing of fruit. Unfortunately, the lack of exhaustive data on the composition and properties of the fruit and its derivatives limits processing and marketing. The species is widespread in different climatic zones.MethodsTherefore, its composition and biological properties may vary, offering a variety of processing products to meet the specific nutritional needs. This study aimed to characterize the bioactive potential and antioxidant properties of fruit pulps of S. senegalensis in order to increase its value-added processing. Pulp samples of fruits were sampled from five regions of Burkina Faso, namely the Cascades, Sud-Ouest, Boucle du Mouhoun, Nord and Centre-Sud regions.Results and DiscussionQualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroids, anthocyanins and tannins. Quantitative analyses showed a significant variation in phenolics, tannins, lycopene, vitamin C, β-carotene and antioxidant activity among samples. However, this variation was not region-dependent. Indeed, some fruits from same region showed both the highest and lowest values for the assessed parameters. Fruits from regions of Centre-Sud and Sud-Ouest and displayed the highest and lowest levels of total phenolics (877.48 and 1142.33 mg GAE/100 g) and tannins (42.38 and 55.64 mg TAE/100 g), respectively. The high potential of S. senegalensis fruits pulp in nutritional and bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties recorded in this study suggests that they can be used as a dietary supplement or in the formulation of energy foods and nutraceutical containing foods.

Abstract Akebia fruit is a plant used for both medicinal and edible purposes. In recent years, due to the rich phytochemical composition with bioactive effects, Akebia fruit has attracted increasing attention on its composition analysis, active ingredients identification, and product applications. For example, the protein, sugar, amino acids, and vitamin C content of the pulp is higher than that of ordinary fruit. The seeds are not only processed into edible oil, it is also rich in protein and have the potential to be developed into a new resource with beneficial effects on human health. However, the research on the understanding of Akebia as a plant fruit is relatively lacking. In this review, an overview of Akebia fruit from food perspectives, including extraction methods and phytochemicals, bioactive functions, and various applications, were summarized. Finally, based on the current status and existing challenges, the prospect and future development direction of Akebia fruit were discussed.

Kolor is a teinturier grape cultivar, that accumulates flavonoids in the skin and pulp. However, the concentrations and proportions of flavonoids in Kolor skin and pulp differ, suggesting tissue specificity in teinturier grapes. Light conditions significantly influence the evolution of flavonoids. Moreover, studies on the mechanisms governing flavonoid accumulation in light response sensitivity of teinturier grapes are limited. In the three consecutive years of study, the exposure of Kolor clusters was altered by bagging from pre-veraison to harvest. QqQ/MS and RT‒qPCR wereused to determine the individual anthocyanin contents and the relative gene expression. There was a significant decrease in the total anthocyanins and flavonols in the Kolor berries, with flavonols showing greater sensitivity to bagging. Bagging did not exert a consistent impact on the flavan-3-ols in Kolor berries. The sensitivities of anthocyanins in Kolor skin and pulp differed under light exclusion conditions. The concentration of trihydroxy-substituted anthocyanins in the skin decreased, while the proportion of dihydroxy-substituted anthocyanins in the pulp significantly increased, but the anthocyanin concentration in the pulp did not change significantly after bagging. The contents of malvidins and quercetins in the skin, and myricetins and quercetins in the pulp, were significantly reduced after bagging. The expression of flavonoid synthesis genes in Kolor skin and pulp was tissue-specific. After bagging, UFGT expression increased in the pulp and decreased in the skin. In addition, LDOX, FLS-1, CHI-1, CHI-2, F3H-1, F3H-2, and MYB4a exhibited sensitive light responses in both the skin and pulp. This study offers new insights into the regulation of flavonoids in Kolor grapes under light exclusion conditions.

Kraft pulp is the most common and economically advantageous raw material for making cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). However, it is revealed that high temperatures and pressures during kraft cooking cause the aggregation of cellulose microfibrils, which reduces the nanofibrillation capability of kraft pulp. Herein, we studied the optimum kraft cooking conditions required to obtain uniform CNFs by preventing aggregation. The fibrillation ability was compared with that of undried pulp treated with purification method only. Suspensions of undried pulps were mechanically fibrillated for various durations. The degree of fibrillation was evaluated by sedimentation, morphology, and water retention values. Kraft pulp cooking at a H-factor of approximately 650 for 140 °C, 160 °C and 170 °C resulted in less fibrillation than in the Wise-based pulp, even at low temperatures such as 140 °C. In contrast to expectations, high matrix substances with lignin contents of 30% did not prevent aggregation of the cellulose microfibrils. The production of CNFs requires a pulping technique for extracting cellulose without aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution of the environment is one of the most significant problems of our generation and the future as our living spaces shrink. Waste materials is the first of many sources of environmental pollution. Waste must be evaluated and reused in recycling facilities to ensure environmental order and balance. This study evaluated the pulp of the Nigella sativa L., seed plant, whose oil was removed by a cold pressing method and turned it into value-added products. Particularly, pulp and Nigella sativa L., seeds have healing and nutritionally rich qualities. Nigella sativa L., pulp was made into a skin mask and used as an added value product in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addressing the country's food security, it is important to ensure a stable supply of safe and high-quality food to all citizens in sufficient quantities and assortment. Environmental pollution and intensive technologies can lead to the deterioration of food quality and a less healthy lifestyle whose component is inadequate nutrition. The specified negative factors can cause the appearance of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, ulcers, gastritis, cardiovascular, cancer and others. An alternative is the consumption of natural products. Pumpkin provides a valuable source of carotenoids that play an important role in nutrition in the form of provitamin A. Being a rich source of carotenoids, pumpkin-based food products can help prevent skin diseases, eye disorders and cancer. Incorporating β-carotene-rich ingredients in the development of food products is considered a cost-effective approach to vitamin A-related health problems. Furthermore, the antidiabetic and anticancer properties of pumpkin have generated interest in consuming this fruit and using it as a source of various bioactives for the development of valueadded and nutraceutical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A techno-economic assessment and environmental and social sustainability assessments of novel Fischer–Tropsch (FT) biodiesel production from the wet and dry gasification of biomass-based residue streams (bark and black liquor from pulp production) for transport applications are presented. A typical French kraft pulp mill serves as the reference case and large-scale biofuel-production-process integration is explored. Relatively low greenhouse gas emission levels can be obtained for the FT biodiesel (total span: 16–83 g CO2eq/MJ in the assessed EU countries). Actual process configuration and low-carbon electricity are critical for overall performance. The site-specific social assessment indicates an overall positive social effect for local community, value chain actors, and society. Important social aspects include (i) job creation potential, (ii) economic development through job creation and new business opportunities, and (iii) health and safety for workers. For social risks, the country of implementation is important. Heat and electricity use are the key contributors to social impacts. The estimated production cost for biobased crude oil is about 13 €/GJ, and it is 14 €/GJ (0.47 €/L or 50 €/MWh) for the FT biodiesel. However, there are uncertainties, i.e., due to the low technology readiness level of the gasification technologies, especially wet gasification. However, the studied concept may provide substantial GHG reduction compared to fossil diesel at a relatively low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy and safety of a single novel electronic pulp sensitivity tester with a transilluminator (PSTT) capable of providing 4 different tests was compared with gold standard (GS) pulp testing methods. Four hundred eighty teeth, including 3 from each quadrant and their contralateral and opposing teeth, were randomly assessed using the PSTT or GS methods. Seven days later, the same teeth were assessed using the method not used earlier so that all teeth were evaluated using both methods. Sixty previously root canal–treated teeth, serving as negative controls, were assessed identically to the experimental groups. Results were analyzed using IBM SPSS software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) (P <.05). A higher percentage of teeth responded to cold and electricity using GS methods compared with the PSTT (99.4 vs 93.1 and 99.6 vs 97.3, respectively). A lower percentage of teeth responded to heat using the GS method compared with the PSTT (50.0 vs 68.1). Chi-square tests determined differences in the proportion of sensitivity to temperature, and electric testing methods were statistically significant (P <.001 and P =.004, respectively). No difference in the proportion of sensitivity was observed for transillumination. The Wilcoxon signed rank test determined significantly shorter cold testing times using the GS method (P =.024). Shorter testing times were observed using the PSTT for heat (P <.001), electric pulp testing (P =.048), and transillumination (P =.001). The overall PSTT testing time was significantly shorter than the GS testing time (P =.03). Tissue injury was not observed. The PSTT efficiently and safely provided heat and transillumination for pulpal diagnosis. Improvements are needed to enhance the cold and electric stimulus efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of mass transfer intensity on kinetics of catalytic oxidation of flax shives with oxygen to aromatic aldehydes and pulp was studied. The process was carried out in an autoclave in an aqueous-alkaline medium in the presence of CuO as the catalyst. Oxidation of flax shives into vanillin, syringaldehyde, and pulp was shown to proceed as a completely diffusion-controlled process under the studied conditions. Depending on the process conditions, it can be limited by stages of oxygen transfer through the gas–liquid interface as well as by oxygen transfer through the bulk of a Newtonian liquid phase and non-Newtonian suspension of the reaction mass. The results obtained on the influence of stirring speed and volume of the reaction mass on the rates of oxygen consumption and vanillin accumulation were described by a simple well-known model connecting the intensity of mass transfer and the stirring power density in the bulk of the liquid phase. It was shown that, despite the distinctly diffusion-controlled conditions of flax shives oxidation with oxygen, the vanillin yield was very close (70–83%) to the theoretical maximum of vanillin yield in the processes of lignin oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Pulp revascularization can be a favourable treatment option for permanent teeth with damaged pulp since it allows the continuous development of root and thicker walls which is in contrast with other treatment options. It requires minimum instrumentation and since the blood clot acts as a biological scaffold the formation of a good quality of blood clot is important. The three important components which are essential for pulp revascularization are stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Stem cells help in pulp revascularization due to their various unique properties/advantages like tissue specificity, antiinflammatory potential. Objectives: This review concentrates not only on the beneficial effects of pulp revascularization but also on the role of various other factors that influence and makes it a success like stem cells, growthfactors, scaffolds. Materials and Methods: This review paper was written using original research articles, reviews, and case studies that were published in online databases like PubMed, Google Scholar and books like Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp 12th Edition. Results: This review gives an acknowledgement of pulp revascularization in terms of its basic principle, process, role of stem cells and scaffolds and its comparison with other treatment options along with its disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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During the production of pulp from natural raw materials, such as wood, large amounts of waste are generated. When they are reused, e.g., in agriculture, ecological requirements towards the environment must be met, and the associated risks must be known. In the framework of this study, the phytotoxicity of liquid waste generated during the industrial processing of pulp using the sulfite process was investigated. The results of semichronic toxicity tests on Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. showed a direct effect on the growth and development of plants and proved that the undiluted samples were phytotoxic. However, the phytotoxicity of the investigated waste samples was influenced by their dilution ratio. Thus, finding the optimal solution ratio is crucial for the reuse of liquid waste. A nonphytotoxic effect on the roots of the tested plants was proven with a solution in a ratio of 1:100. In addition, the control samples diluted with a medium manifested phytotoxicity due to the activity of internal microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teeth whitening refers to a variety of processes that aim to make someone’s natural teeth appear brighter and whiter. Teeth whitening methods include sanding down stains, bleaching, ultraviolet (UV) light therapy, and more. Some teeth whitening methods can cause uncomfortable side effects, particularly tooth sensitivity and gum irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of products with high biomass yield per unit area as a renewable energy source, which are not consumed primarily for food purposes or can be used for multi-purposes, is of great importance in terms of food safety. For this purpose, sweet sorghum plant, which can grow in salty-alkaline soils, tolerant to drought and short-term floods, and has wide adaptability, has gained importance as a lignocellulosic bioethanol raw material in recent years. The aim of this study is to theoretically determine the lignocellulosic bioethanol yield of 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotypes grown under second crop conditions in the ecology of Şanlıurfa province, obtained from domestic and foreign sources. In the study, sweet sorghum pulp from plant sap was used as lignocellulosic bioethanol raw material. The cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the pulp were determined and the amount of lignocellulosic bioethanol that could be obtained per decare was calculated by using the bioethanol conversion rates. According to the data obtained, the highest yield was obtained from UNLHybrid- 3 (805.5 L/da), Theis (766.5 L/da), Smith (698.1 L/da) genotypes. In order to solve problems such as increasing the octane of gasoline, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and gasoline imports, it is recommended that these three genotypes be cultivated and disseminated for lignocellulosic bioethanol production in Şanlıurfa ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the search for alternatives to petroleum derived products, such as plastic films, has become a priority due to the growing depletion of fossil reserves and the pollution of water resources by microplastics, microscopically small plastic particles which are harmful to ocean and aquatic life. Cellulose-based films, e.g., cellophane and cuprophane, have been on the market for almost a century. Despite being a more ecological option compared to plastic films, the manufacture of these cellulose films involves high production costs and the use of harmful chemicals. As an alternative, a sustainable and eco-friendly process based on the Lyocell-type Ioncell® technology is presented to produce cellulose films. Regenerated cellulose films are created by continuous extrusion via dry-jet wet spinning of an ionic liquid–cellulose solutions. The influence of the polymer concentration (8–13 wt%) and processing temperature (50–100 °C) on the properties of the films were studied by the determination of the thickness, mechanical properties, physical appearance, morphology, chemical composition, and hydrophobicity. The obtained films are thin (12–21 μm), transparent (transmittance = 91%) and of homogeneous structure. Moreover, they exhibit excellent mechanical properties: stress values up to 210 MPa and elongations up to 19% in machine (longitudinal) direction. These values clearly outperform commercial cellophane, which presents stress values of 125 MPa and elongations of 22%. The films presented herein hold great potential to become an eco-friendly and sustainable option to commercial films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the global economy and is inextricably linked to human life. Due to its large scale, the production process generates a large amount of wastewater, which poses a major threat to the environment. The sustainable utilization and safe treatment of pulp and paper wastewater can effectively reduce environmental pollution, improve resource utilization efficiency, protect water resources, provide economic benefits for pulp and paper enterprises, and thus promote the green and sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry. Therefore, this study discusses the pollution components of pulp and paper wastewater and their impact on the environment and human health. In this review, we aim to explore the sustainable development of pulp and paper wastewater by summarizing the characteristics of current pulp and paper wastewater, the commonly used treatment methods for pulp and paper wastewater, the application of pulp and paper wastewater recycling, and the future development direction of pulp and paper wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used to sterilize carious dentin may irritate pulp tissues because of tissue-penetrating laser and singlet oxygen generation. This study aimed to assess the effects of aPDT on rat pulp tissues. A cavity formed in a rat maxillary first molar was treated with aPDT. The combined photosensitizer and laser irradiation conditions in the aPDT groups were as follows: methylene blue and 100 mW for 60 s, brilliant blue (BB) and 100 mW for 60 s, BB and 50 mW for 120 s, and BB and 200 mW for 30 s. Each cavity was treated with an all-in-one adhesive and filled with flowable resin. aPDT was not applied for the control. In each group, the rats were sacrificed on postoperative days 1 and 14, and thin sections of the treated teeth were prepared. Pulp tissue disorganization (PTD), inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), and tertiary dentin formation (TDF) were evaluated. At 1-day evaluation, there were significant differences between the aPDT group and controls with respect to PTD and ICI (p < 0.01); 14 days later, almost all specimens showed tertiary dentin formation. The application of aPDT caused reversible damage to the rat pulp, while in the long term, healing occurred with the formation of tertiary dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and microbiological properties of beverage made from baobab (adansonia digitata). Specifically, the study evaluated proximate content of beverage made from baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata), assessed mineral composition of beverage made from baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata), determined microbiological properties of beverage made from baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata). A laboratorybased experiment was applied to prepare and analyze samples of the Baobab drink. The results revealed that, even though, the drink had a high moisture content (83.69g) it could supply energy from carbohydrates (12.49g) and contained fat and protein in smaller amounts. Mineral composition was substantial for most nutrients but exceptionally high for potassium (5700ppm). The microbiological properties show that comparatively, the Baobab drink’s microbial status was within safe levels. However, the presence and absence of high moisture in drink and powder influenced the microbial load and isolates from both products respectively. It was recommended that the need to carry out consumer acceptance studies on the drink to guarantee adoption among baobab drinking growing populations. Also a scale-up of this drink to provide healthier replacements for sugar sweetened beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]