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Families of Lepidoptera treated in Zootaxa The family with the most descriptions of new species of Afrotropical moth species published in Zootaxa is Erebidae (66 species-group taxa), followed by Lecithoceridae (61), Tortricidae (52), Gracillariidae (43), Pterophoridae (33), and Geometridae (29) (Fig. 4). Other than the species-rich family Erebidae, the next four families that received the highest attention of the Zootaxa authors are all microlepidoptera. The species belonging to these families are usually dull-coloured and difficult to distinguish from each other. The popularity of families treated in Zootaxa mainly was linked with the productivity of taxonomists knowledgeable in a limited group, that seldom was treated by a broader community. In total 24 families of Lepidoptera from the Afrotropical region were expanded by the new species descriptions in Zootaxa (Fig. 4)., Published as part of Prins, Jurate De, 2021, Twenty years for Zootaxa and ten years for Afromoths (Lepidoptera): a taxonomic interaction between the journal and an online relational database, pp. 155-165 in Zootaxa 4979 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/4928673

The achievements in entomological science largely depend on gathering and synthesizing the heterogenous data on species diversity as well as incorporating species and taxa concepts into newly developed models and paradigms. Citizen scientists have proved that collaborative work in that field is extremely effective when conducted among groups of highly motivated persons.

2. Thubdora ambliodes Park, 2018 (Figs. 3 A���E) Thubdora ambliodes Park, 2018: 1091. TL: Efulen, Cameroon. [CMP] Material examined. 1♂, Uganda, Central, Mabira Forest, 0˚23��56����N 33˚0��43����E, 1200 m, 10 iii 2013, D Agassiz & M. Ngugi; gen. slide no. CIS-7278, COI barcode CBNU123; 1♂, 2♀, same data as holotype, 9���10 iii 2013; gen. slide no. CIS-7277(♂); CIS-7273(♀), COI barcode CBNU122, deposited in NHMUK. Diagnosis. This species is the smallest of the genus known to date, with a forewing length of 5.0 mm. It can also be distinguished from congeners by the male and female genitalia (Figs. 3C, D, E) (also see Park, 2018: figs. 20���22). Remarks. The species was described from Cameroon and is herein reported for the first time from Uganda. The adult and the male genitalia were recently illustrated by Park (2018), but they are illustrated here for a comparison with its allies, based on specimens collected in Uganda. Distribution. Uganda (Central, Mabira: new record), Cameroon., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949, {"references":["Park, K. - T. (2018) A new genus Thubdora Park, gen. nov. and seven new species of the subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Cameroon and Rep. of Congo, Africa. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 1085 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.07.018"]}

4. Thubdora narusia Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 17 A���G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey, gen. slide no. CIS-7045, COI barcode CBNU026, deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from its allies by the male genitalia with valva broadly expanded apically, and juxta with a specialized, small, slender, curved caudal process. Description. Male (Figs. 17A, B). Forewing length 7.5 mm. Head: Dark brown dorsally, with yellowish-white erect scales laterally. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, with basal segment elongated, yellowish white dorsally, dark brown on anterior and posterior surface; flagellum serrate, with fine cilia ventrally, yellowish white dorsally, dark brown laterally in basal 1/3. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, yellowish brown on outer surface, yellowish white with dark-brown scales covered in upper 1/3 on inner surface; 3 rd segment slender, strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, yellowish brown, speckling with dark-brown scales laterally, yellowish white ventrally, sharply pointed apically. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Hind tibia orange white, with rough scales above. Forewing ground col- or yellowish brown, scattered with dark-brown scales; costa slightly arched, with small, crescent, yellowish-white costal patch near 2/3 from base; apex obtuse; termen oblique; fringe dark brown, with narrow, yellowish-white basal line. Hind wing pale brownish grey. Abdomen: Spinous zones on tergites broadly developed. Male genitalia (Figs. 17 C���G): Uncus bifurcate, with slender latero-caudal processes directed outwardly. Basal plate of gnathos deeply concave medially; median process broad at base, narrower toward apex, curved downward beyond 2/3, sharply pointed apically. Tegumen deeply incised in inverted V-shape on anterior margin medially. Valva broadly expanded in about half of costa; cucullus narrowed with nearly parallel-sided, then broadly dilated in distal part, densely setose. Juxta narrowed distally; median plate at base more or less W-shaped with short, digitate lateral lobes, deeply emarginated on anterior margin medially, with a single, slender, curved process apically. Vinculum narrow, band-like. Aedeagus as long as valva, slightly curved, with blunt apex; cornutus sword-shaped, heavily sclerotized, located in distal 1/3. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Korean word narusia, meaning to fly up or soar., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

4. Thubdora fruticosa Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 A���I) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7022, COI barcode CBNU114, in MfN. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as the holotype; gen. slide no. CIS-7026; 2♂, same data as the holotype; gen. slide no. CIS-7040, COI barcode CBNU007; CIS-7056, COI barcode CBNU005; 1♀, same data as holotype; gen. slide no. CIS-7031, COI barcode CBNU049. All paratypes above in MfN; 1♂, Uganda, Western, Kibale Forest, Kanyawara 1520 m, 0˚33��39����N 30˚21��27����E, 22 x 2014, D.J.L. Agassiz; gen. slide no. CIS-7271, deposited in NHMUK. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its allies by having a pair of extremely long hair-pencils arising near the middle of the abdomen and reaching the end of the abdomen. In addition, the male genitalia have a relatively short, narrow uncus with a slightly concave caudal margin and a short, trapezoidal caudal plate of the juxta, and the aedeagus narrowly produced apically, lacking a cornutus. Description. Male (Figs. 5 A���C). Forewing length 8.0���9.0 mm. Head: Vertex covered with dark-brown scales, with orange-white erect scales laterally Antenna (Fig. 5B) serrate, shorter than forewing, with basal segment elongated, orange white dorsally, dark brown anteriorly and ventrally; flagellum orange white, often with dark-brown annulations in basal half. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped, dark brown in basal 2/3 and gradually paler toward apex; 3 rd segment strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment brown, acute apically (Fig. 5C). Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Hind tibia with brownish rough scales above; tarsi orange white with brown scales apically. Forewing ground color yellowish brown to dark brown uniformly; antemedian fascia large, usually well developed, with black scales; costa slightly arched in basal 1/3 and beyond 2/3, with a small, crescent, yellowish costal patch; apex obtuse; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal line. Hind wing pale yellowish brown, with a bundle of hair-like scales at base. Abdomen (Figs. 5G, H): Spinous zones on tergites broadly developed, with a pair of extremely long hair-pencils, arising from segment V and extending to segment VIII; sternite VIII narrowed in anterior 1/3, trapezoidal with acute lateral processes, concave on caudal margin; tergite VIII heavily sclerotized, Y-shaped. Male genitalia (Figs. 5 D���F, F���): Uncus short, broadened distally, with slightly concave caudal margin medially, width about 2/3 the basal plate of gnathos. Basal plate of gnathos strongly convex medially on posterior margin; median process strongly curved downward, nearly right angled, beyond 2/3. Tegumen with V-shaped incision on posterior and anterior margins. Valva with costa slightly expanded dorsally in basal 1/3; cucullus elongated, upturned, slightly concave on costal margin, with round apex, with long, hair-like scales around ventro-proximal margin. Juxta large, trapezoidal, more or less variable, with short, broad caudal plate, nearly flat on caudal margin. Vinculum band-like, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Aedeagus much shorter than valva, slightly curved downward, with apex pointed dorsally; cornutus absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 5I): Abdominal sternite VII deeply incised medially, as long as 1/3 the length of segment. Ostium bursae deeply emarginated with latero-caudal processes. Antrum funnel-shaped, sclerotized. Ductus bursae constricted posteriorly, shorter than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae large, ovate; signum plate-like, obtuse-elliptic, longitudinally asymmetrical, weakly sclerotized, with a lanceolate flap anteriorly and posteriorly, posterior flap about 1.5 times larger than anterior flap. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin, frutex, - icis (= shrub, bush), referring to the well-developed coremata at the end of the abdomen., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 458-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

2. Thubdora crocophracta (Meyrick, 1938), comb. nov. (Figs. 21 A–F) Ptilothyris crocophracta Meyrick, 1938: 18. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA, NHMUK]. Material examined. 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated), DR Congo, Kamatembe, 2100 m, iv 1934, leg. F. De White, gen. slide no. CIS-7217, in RMCA. Other paralectotypes in NHMUK; additional specimen: 1♂, Kenya, Lift Valley, Turi 8000ft, 14 i 1999, DJL Agassiz, gen. slide no. CIS-7103. Male genitalia (Figs. 21 C–E): Characterized by the uncus broadened distally with widely flattened, even slightly sinuate caudal margin, as wide as the basal plate of gnathos; valva with broad expansion medially on ventral margin; juxta with large triangular caudal plate; and aedeagus with a large cluster of spines apically. Distribution. DR Congo (Kamatembe) (Meyrick 1938), Kenya (new record). Remarks. As noted in the preceding species, T. crocophracta (Meyrick) is externally similar to T. brachysema (Meyrick), but it can be distinguished by having a distinct median band on the forewing, reaching to the inner margin; and male genitalia with the uncus with widely flattened caudal margin, and the juxta with a large, well-developed, triangular caudal process.

5. Thubdora kibalensis Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 6 A���G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kabarole District, Kibale National Park, 36N TF 0582 6208, 1500m, 19���24 x 2014, leg. Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen; gen. slide no. CIS-7399, COI barcode CBNU092, deposited in NHMO. Paratype: 1♂: Kibale National Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7068, COI barcode CBNU034, deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from its allies by the male genitalia, especially the nearly quadrate juxta with rounded caudal margin and small, triangular caudal processes. Description. Male (Figs. 6A, B). Forewing length 7.5 mm. Head: Vertex dark purplish brown dorsally, with short, orange-white, erect scales laterally. Antenna shorter than forewing; basal segment elongated, orange white, with dark-brown lines anteriorly and posteriorly; flagellum serrate, with fine cilia ventrally, orange white with darkbrown annulations in basal 1/3. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped, yellowish brown on outer surface, dark brown dorsally; 3 rd segment strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, dark brown ventrally, acute apically (Fig. 6B). Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Forewing ground color dark purplish brown uniformly; antemedian fascia broad, blackish; postmedian fascia weakly developed; costa slightly arched in basal 1/3, lacking costal patch; apex obtuse; fringe concolorous with ground color, with a narrow, orange-white basal line. Hind wing dark brown, with creamy-white streak from base to 3/5 of costa, and with a hair-scale tuft at base; apex acute, fringe with a narrow, orange-white basal line. Abdomen (Fig. 6G): Spinous zones on tergites broad, nearly quadrate, with a pair of long, hair-pencils arising from between segments VII and VIII, about twice the length of segment VII; sternite VIII short, triangularly extended posteriorly, with slender latero-caudal lobes directed outwardly, slightly concave on caudal margin; tergite VIII heavily sclerotized, V-shaped. Male genitalia (Figs. 6 C���F): Uncus slightly broadened distally, about 1/2 the width of basal plate of gnathos, with slightly convex caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos with rounded caudal margin; median process broad basally, strongly curved downward beyond 2/3, sharply pointed apically. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, deeply incised in Y-shape on posterior margin medially, with V-shaped anterior margin. Valva with subtriangular protrusion near base on costa, then abruptly oblique; cucullus elongated, nearly parallel-sided, densely setose, upturned, with round apex, gently arched on ventral margin. Juxta large, more or less ovate, with small triangular lateral lobes, with semiovate protrusion on anterior margin medially. Vinculum band-liked, narrow. Aedeagus shorter than valva, about 3/5 the length of valva, with apex slanted, pointed dorsally; cornutus with a bundle of variable length of spines. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, Kibale National Park, Uganda., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 459-461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

6. Thubdora villosiphalla Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 19 A���F) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Mpigi, Mpanga For., 0˚12��24����N 32˚18��05����E, 27���30 iv 2019, KT Park, JM Koo, JD Kim; gen. slide no.CIS-7353, COI barcode CBNU119, deposited in NIBR. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to T. ghesquierei and T. trigonoides, but can be distinguished from the latter by the more elongated or distinct costal patch on forewing. The male genitalia are similar to those of T. trigonoides, but they can be distinguished by the following: uncus more concaved on caudal margin medially, latero-caudal processes of the uncus more or less sharply acute apically, and aedeagus with a bundle of long hairs, longer than half of the aedeagus. It is notable that T. trigonoides and T. villosephalla are grouped as a sister group in our phylogenetic analyses while the two species are well separated. Description. Male (Figs. 19A, C). Forewing length 6.5 mm. Head: no distinct separable characteristics from that of T. trigonoides. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown; ventral surface of legs orange white. Forewing costa arched in basal 1/3, with more or less elongated costal patch near basal 3/4; then slightly oblique; dark brown scales irregularly scattered; antemedian fascia black, well-developed; apex obtuse; termen slightly oblique; fringe black, with narrow, orange-white basal line. Hind wing broader, paler than forewing; apex produced, slightly obtuse; termen concave medially; fringe black, with narrow, orange-white basal line. Abdomen (Fig. 19F): No hair-pencils developed in abdomen; tergite VIII with heavily sclerotized, crescent anterior margin, without spines; sternite VIII not specifically modified. Male genitalia (Figs. 19D, E): Uncus with large, latero-caudal processes, directed outwardly, slightly acute apically; anterior margin concave medially. Basal plate of gnathos with round caudal margin; median process curved pre-apically. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, incised in inverted V-shape on anterior margin. Valva expanded near base on costa, slightly concave beyond; ventral margin straight near base, expanded medially; cucullus narrowed toward apex, strongly upturned, densely setose. Juxta subparallelogramic with concave caudal and lateral sides and acute latero-caudal processes, with a narrow, long stalk antero-ventrally. Vinculum band-like, triangularly produced anteriorly. Aedeagus broad at base, gradually narrowed towards apex; cornuti with two adjacent bundles of long hair-like scales, about half the length of aedeagus. Distribution. Uganda (Mpigi Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin villus (= shaggy hair), referring to the bundle of long hair-like scales in the aedeagus of the male genitalia., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 479, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

3. Thubdora ealaensis Park & De Prins, 2019 (Figs. 4 A–F) Thubdora ealaensis Park & De Prins, 2019: 453. TL: Eala, DR Congo. [RMCA]. Material examined. 2♂, Uganda, Western, 27 km N. of Masindi, Budongo Forest 985 m, 1˚55ʹ58ʹʹN 31˚42ʹ40ʹʹE, 31 x 2014, leg. D. Agassiz, K, Larsen, M. Ochse; gen. slide no. CIS-7274; 1♂, Uganda, Western, Kibale Forest, Kanyawara, 0˚33ʹ39ʹʹN 30˚21ʹ27ʹʹE, 20 x 2014, leg. D. Agassiz; gen. slide no. CIS-7284, COI barcode CBNU121, in NHMUK; 2♂, 2♀, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biol. Field Station, 19–24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7004 (♂), COI barcode CBNU006; gen. slide no. CIS-7010 (♀), COI barcode CBNU031; gen. slide no. CIS-7035 (♀), in MfN. Diagnosis. Thubdora ealaensis is characterized by the male genitalia with a narrowly elongated and strongly upturned cucullus. The triangular costal patch of the forewing beyond 3/4 of the costa is often not presented. Forewing length 6.5–7.5 mm. Male genitalia are illustrated in Figs. 4C, D; also see Park & De Prins (2019: figs. 3C, D). Female genitalia (Fig. 4F): Abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginated medially. Ostium bursae nearly flat. Antrum elongated, weakly sclerotized, about 1/3 the length of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae broadened, with numerous short spines, slightly shorter than corpus bursae; ductus seminalis broad, as broad as antrum, arising from near middle of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae large, ovate; signum lips-like, with transverse groove medially; posterior margin strongly convex in a bell-shape, anterior margin more or less flattened, lower lip-like. Remarks. The species was described from DR Congo and is herein reported for the first time from Uganda. The female is newly described and illustrated. Illustrations of the adult and male genitalia were given by Park & De Prins (2018), but the adult and male genitalia of the specimen from Uganda are illustrated here for a comparison with those of the type specimen. Distribution. Uganda (Masindi Distr., Kabarole Distr.: new record), DR Congo (Eala) (Park & De Prins 2019).

3. Thubdora ghesquierei Park & De Prins, 2019 (Figs. 16 A���E) Thubdora ghesquierei Park & De Prins, 2019: 456. TL: DR Congo, Equateur. [RMCA]. Material examined. 1♂, Uganda, N Western, Masindi Distr., Budongo Forest, 50 km W Masindi, 1˚42��93����N 31˚28��18����E, 1090 m, 14���16 xi 2007, leg. L. Aarvik & M. Fbiger; 1♂, Uganda (Western), Bushenyi Distr., Kalinzu Forest, 1450 m, 0˚23��342����S 30˚05��156����E; 7-8. xi. 2007; leg. L. Aarvik & M. Fibiger, COI barcode CBNU111, de- posited in NHMO; 2♂, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7067, COI barcode CBNU033; CIS-7260, wing slide no. CIS-7260-1; 3♀, same locality and date as the preceding specimens; gen. slide no. CIS-7043, COI barcode CBNU024; CIS-7055, COI barcode CBNU004; CIS- 7037, COI barcode CBNU040, in MfN; 1♂, Uganda, Western, Kibale Forest, Kanyawara 1500 m, 0˚33��39����N 30˚21�� 27����E, 22 x 2014, D. Agassiz; gen. slide no. CIS-7272, COI barcode CBNU120, in NHMUK. Diagnosis. T. ghesquierei can be distinguished from its allies by the male genitalia (Figs. 16B, C; also see Park & De Prins 2019: figs. 4B, C): uncus with deep emargination in V-shape on caudal margin and broad lateral lobes; valva elongated, nearly parallel-sided and dilated near distal end; juxta with large, triangular caudal plate; and abdominal segment VIII with longitudinally elongated spinous zone on dorsal surface. Forewing length 7.0��� 7.5 mm. Female genitalia (Fig. 16E). Abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginated medially on caudal margin. Antrum membranous, funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae narrow near posterior end, with numerous conic spines medially; ductus seminalis broad, arising from before half. Corpus bursae ovate, large; signum round, with broadly sclerotized, strongly serrate posterior plate. Remarks. The species is reported for the first time from Uganda. The female is known for the first time, and the genitalia are illustrated. The adult and the male genitalia were recently illustrated by Park & De Prins (2019), but they are illustrated here for a comparison with its allies, especially the uncus of the male genitalia which has somewhat different lobes in shape and direction. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.: new record), DR Congo (Eala) (Park & De Prins 2019)., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949, {"references":["Park, K. - T. & De Prins, W. (2019) Re-examination of the type specimens of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera), deposited in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Belgium, with descriptions of ten new species from DR Congo belonging to Thubdora Park and Torodora Meyrick. Zootaxa, 4571 (4), 451 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4571.4.1"]}

1. Thubdora afropyralidis Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A���E) Type specimen. Holotype: female, Uganda, Kabarole District., Kibale National Park, 36N TF 0582 6208, 1500 m, 19���24 x 2014, leg. Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen; gen. slide no. CIS-7251, COI barcode CBNU080, deposited in NHMO. Paratypes: 1♀, Western, Kibale Forest, Kanyawara 1520 m, 0��33���39������N 30��21���27������E, 23 x 2014, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz; gen. slide no. CIS-7094, COI barcode CBNU076, in NHMUK. Paratypes: 2♀, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7001, COI barcode CBNU053; gen. slide no. CIS-7038, COI barcode CBNU054, in MfN. Diagnosis. The new species is described only from females, and its status as a new species was confirmed by the comparison of COI sequences among allied species. The female genitalia can be distinguished from those of T. fruticosa, Park, sp. nov., by the narrower, longer ductus bursae and the hood-shaped plate of the signum. Description. Female (Figs. 2 A���D). Forewing length 10.5 mm. Head: Vertex dark purplish brown, with light orange erect scales laterally. Antenna (Fig. 2B) serrate, shorter than forewing; basal segment elongated, dilated distally, pale orange, speckled with dark-brown scales dorsally; flagellum light orange with dark-brown annulations in basal 1/4, dark brown medially, orange white in distal 1/3. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped, dark brown dorsally light orange ventrally; 3 rd segment slender, strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, light orange dorsally, dark brown ventrally. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark purplish brown. Hind tibia dark brown on outer surface with orange-white band beyond middle and apex; orange white on inner surface; first tarsus dark brown, other tarsi orange white. Forewing ground color yellowish brown to dark brown, with purplish iridescence; antemedian fascia inconspicuous; costa slightly arched, lacking costal patch; apex obtuse; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal line, usually inconspicuous; venation (Fig. 2D) with R 1 strongly bent outwardly near base, R 3 and R 4 stalked for basal 2/5, R 4 reaching before apex; R 5 absent; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base; M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3 parallel to M 2; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk. Hind wing yellowish brown. Abdomen (Fig. 2C): Purplish brown to brown, lighter posteriorly. Female genitalia (Fig. 2E):Abdominal sternite VII deeply concave in U-shape medially, as deep as nearly half the length of segment VII. Ostium bursae slightly concave with acute latero-caudal processes. Antrum elongated, connecting membranous swollen posterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae narrow, gradually broadened posteriorly, broadened in anterior half; ductus seminalis arising from near middle of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate; signum large, hood-shaped, with broad, transverse groove medially; posterior margin forming a long, bell-shaped expansion; anterior margin shortly produced, convex medially. Male unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin, afer (= Africa) + pyralis (= moth)., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 454-455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

Thubdora Park, 2018 Type species: Thubdora acutalis Park, 2018: 1088. TL: Republic of the Congo. Thubdora Park is endemic to the Afrotropical region. Park (2018) categorized the species of the genus into two species-groups based on the shape of the uncus of male genitalia: the aciphalla species-group with the uncus not bifur- cated apically and the acutalis species-group with the uncus bifurcated apically. Although the bifurcated condition of the uncus is easily recognized, this characteristic seems to have multiple origins. Thus, while the species-group distinction may not reflect evolutionary relationships, it may help in understanding the evolutionary pattern of the character in the tree. All the species described or previously known are arranged in an alphabetic order herein, following the proposed species-groups., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949, {"references":["Park, K. - T. (2018) A new genus Thubdora Park, gen. nov. and seven new species of the subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Cameroon and Rep. of Congo, Africa. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 1085 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.07.018"]}

7. Thubdora latidiscalis Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 8 A���F) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7027, COI barcode CBNU052, deposited in MfN. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; gen. slide no. CIS-7016, COI barcode CBNU051, in MfN. Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to T. fruticosa Park, sp. nov., but it can be distinguished from the latter by the male genitalia: uncus very broad, as wide as the basal plate of the gnathos; gnathos with the basal plate gently rounded on caudal margin, not strongly convex; juxta with a triangular caudal plate; and aedeagus with variously shaped cornuti. Description. Male (Figs. 8A, B). Forewing length 9.5 mm. Head: Vertex dark brown dorsally, with orangewhite erect scales laterally. Antenna (Fig. 5B) basal segment elongated, orange white; flagellum serrate, with fine cilia ventrally, orange white with dark-brown annulations weakly developed in basal half. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped, yellowish brown, irregularly speckled with dark-brown scales in basal 2/3, gradually paler toward apex; 3 rd segment strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, brown, acute apically (Fig. 8B). Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Forewing ground color dark brown uniformly; antemedian fascia inconspicuous; costa slightly arched in basal 1/3 and apical 1/3, costal patch absent; apex obtuse; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal line. Hind wing pale yellowish brown. Abdomen (Fig. 8F): Sternite VIII narrowly extended posteriorly, with latero-caudal lobes directed outwardly, slightly concave on caudal margin; segment VIII with broad, V-shaped sclerite. Male genitalia (Figs. 8 C���E): Uncus broadened distally, as wide as basal plate of gnathos, slightly concave medially on caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos with rounded caudal margin; median process strongly curved downward beyond 2/3. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, incised in V-shape anteriorly. Valva elongated, expanded dorsally in basal 1/4 of costa; cucullus elongat- ed, densely setose, upturned, gently arched on ventral margin. Juxta shield-shaped, with large, triangular posterior plate. Vinculum band-like, with more or less flat anterior margin. Aedeagus shorter than valva, about 4/5 the length of valva, broad basally, narrower toward apex, with more or less acute apex; cornuti consisting of a slightly curved bar apically, an elongate-ovate plate with a slender stalk posteriorly, and a row of short bristles basally. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin latus (= broad) plus discus (= plate), referring to the broadly expanded uncus., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

11. Thubdora umbratilis Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 12 A���G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, 25���30 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7048, wing slide no. CIS-7054, COI barcode CBNU008, deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. This species is one of the smallest species of the genus, with forewing length of 6.5 mm. The male genitalia can be distinguished from those of all the preceding species by the cucullus narrowed toward apex and the aedeagus with a large, heavily sclerotized, sword-shaped cornutus. Description. Male (Figs. 12 A���C). Forewing length 6.5 mm. Head: Vertex covered with dark-brown scales, with orange-white, erect scales laterally. Antenna shorter than forewing; basal segment elongated, slightly dilated distally, orange white; flagellum serrate with fine cilia ventrally, often with dark-brown annulations (Fig. 4B). Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped, yellowish brown, speckled with irregularly scattered, darkbrown scales; 3 rd segment as long as 2 nd segment, brown, acute apically. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Forewing ground color dark brown uniformly; antemedian fascia large, usually well developed, with black scales; postmedian fascia large, rectangular, black; costa slightly arched in basal 1/3 and beyond 2/3, with a small, crescent, yellowish costal patch beyond 3/4; apex obtuse; termen slightly oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal line; venation (Fig. 4C) with R 1 strongly bent outwardly near basal 1/3, R 3 and R 4 stalked for basal 2/5, R 4 reaching before apex; R 5 absent; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base; M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3 parallel to M 2; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk, 1A+2A shortly forked at base. Hind wing pale yellowish brown, with a bundle of hair-scale tuft at base. Abdomen (Fig. 12G): Spinous zones on tergites elongated longitudinally; tergite VIII heavily sclerotized, Yshaped, with a few spines. Male genitalia (Figs. 12 D���F): Uncus broadened distally, as wide as basal plate of gnathos, nearly truncate caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos rounded on caudal margin; median process strongly curved downward beyond 2/3, with acute apex. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, with inverted V-shaped incision anteriorly. Valva elongated, slightly expanded anteriorly in basal 1/4 of costa; cucullus elongated, densely setose, upturned, narrowed toward apex from middle, arched before middle on ventral margin. Juxta lacerated, indiscernible. Vinculum band-like, with nearly flat margin anteriorly. Aedeagus about 4/5 the length of valva, nearly straight, but with wavy marginal line due to variable width; cornuti consisting of a large, heavily sclerotized, dagger-like plate with hooked tip distally, and a row of short bristles medially. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Mpigi Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from Latin umbra (= shade), with Latin adjectival suffix atilis, referring the fuscous patch on forewing., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 468-469, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

10. Thubdora retusivalva Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 11 A���G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7033, wing slide no. CIS-7034, deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. Thubdora retusivalva is superficially similar to T. wooriana Park, sp. nov. with a similar costal patch on the forewing, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the male genitalia with the uncus narrower, the cucullus nearly parallel-sided, the caudal plate of the juxta much smaller, and cornuti consisting of two, large, spinelike bars pointed apically. Description. Male (Figs. 11 A���C). Forewing length 8.5 mm. Head: Dark brown dorsally, with orange white erect scales laterally. Antenna (Fig. 7B) shorter than forewing, with basal segment elongated, yellowish white dorsally, dark brown laterally; flagellum serrate, with fine cilia ventrally, creamy white. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, yellowish brown on outer surface, yellowish white on inner surface; 3 rd segment slender, strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, orange white dorsally, dark brown ventrally, sharply pointed apically. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown. Forewing ground color yellowish brown, scattered with dark-brown scales irregularly; costa arched beyond 2/3, oblique to apex, with orange-white crescent costal patch beyond 3/4; apex obtuse; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal line; venation (Fig. 11C) with R 1 strongly bent outwardly near base, R 3 and R 4 stalked for 2/5, R 4 reaching before apex; R 5 absent; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base; M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3 parallel to M 2; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk, 1A+2A shortly forked at base; fringe with narrow, orange-white basal line, dark brown beyond. Hind wing pale brownish grey; apex obtuse; venation with M 2 absent; M 3 and CuA 1 stalked for basal 1/4; cell closed before middle of the wing. Abdomen (Figs. 11F, G): Spinous zone on segment VI vertically elongated; with a pair of long hair-pencils between segments VII and VIII; sternite VIII narrowly extended posteriorly, forming a long stalk; tergite VIII heavily sclerotized, with U-shaped anterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 11D, E): Uncus narrow, slightly broadened distally, about 1/3 the width of basal plate of gnathos, convex on caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos rounded on caudal margin, reaching apex of uncus; median process broad at base, narrower toward apex, curved downward beyond 2/3, sharply pointed apically. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, incised in V-shape medially on posterior and anterior margin. Valva slightly expanded in basal 1/4 of costa; cucullus nearly parallel-sided, densely setose, upturned, with broad apical margin. Juxta large, more or less ovate, broader anteriorly, with vertical ridge centrally; caudal margin with small, triangular median plate and small triangular lateral processes; anterior margin sharply produced medially. Vinculum narrow, band-like. Aedeagus shorter than valva, about 3/5 the length of valva, slightly curved basally, sharply produced apically; cornuti consisting of two, large, spine-like bars, pointed apically, located in distal 1/3. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin retusus (= blunted, rounded) + valva., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 467-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

12. Thubdora wooriana Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 13 A���G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kabarole District, Kibale National. Park, 36N TF 05626208 1500 m, 19��� 24 x 2014, Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen; gen. slide no. CIS-7230, COI barcode CBNU091, deposited in NHMO. Diagnosis. The new species is characterized by having a distinct, large, triangular orange-white costal patch near 3/4 on the costa. The male genitalia are more or less similar to those of T. retusivalva, but they can be distin- guished from those of the latter by the broadly developed uncus, the much larger caudal plate of the juxta, and the aedeagus bifurcate apically (Figs. 13E, E���) Description. Male (Fig. 13A). Forewing length 8.5 mm. Head: Dark brown, with light-yellow erect scales laterally. Antenna (Fig. 13A) serrate, about 4/5 the length of forewing; basal segment elongated, light yellow dorsally, dark brown ventrally; flagellum light yellow, with fine cilia ventrally, without annulations. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, saber-shaped; outer surface dark brown in basal 2/3 and orange white beyond; orange white on inner surface; 3 rd segment strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, orange white dorsally, dark brown ventrally, acute apically. Thorax: Dark brown dorsally. Tegula concolorous with thorax. Forewing densely scattered with dark brown; antemedian fascia well developed, large, with black scales; postmedian fascia broad, weakly developed; costa arched beyond costal patch; apex more or less rounded; termen oblique, slightly convex beyond middle; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orange-white basal and brown sub-basal lines; venation similar to that of the generic description. Hind wing greyish brown; with a hair-pencil at base. Abdomen (Fig. 13G): Spinous zones on tergites broadly developed, with a pair of long hair-pencils between segment VII and VIII; sternite VIII short, broad with crescent anterior margin and slightly concave caudal margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 13 C���F): Uncus broadened as wide as basal plate of gnathos, with nearly straight caudal margin, not exceeding apex of basal plate of gnathos. Basal plate of gnathos broad, with round caudal margin; median process broad at base, strongly curved downward beyond 2/3. Tegumen deeply emarginated medially on posterior margin, with converted V-shaped incision on anterior margin. Valva with costa slightly expanded anteriorly in basal 1/3, then concave; cucullus elongated, slightly upturned, with round apex, densely setose. Juxta large, broad at base and slightly narrowed caudally, with large triangular caudal plate and with small, triangular lateral lobes. Vinculum band-like, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Aedeagus slender, shorter than valva, bifurcate apically; cornuti consisting of a long, horn-shaped bar near middle of aedeagus, shorter than 1/2 the length of aedeagus and a shorter bar near apex, about 1/3 the length of the longer one. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Korean term woori, meaning ���we��� or ���together.���, Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 469-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

8. Thubdora mirinae Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 9 A���F) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, 25���30 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7074, COI barcode CBNU061, deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. The male genitalia are similar to those of T. cameroona Park, 2018 (Figs. 9 G���I), but can be distinguished from the latter by the ventral margin of valva deeply emarginated prior to lower corner of cucullus; cucullus broader and less elongated, with more oblique outer margin distally; juxta broader distally, with wider distance between caudal processes; aedeagus stouter; cornuti consisting of two adjacent, elongated bundles of short scales dorsally and a cluster of variable lengths of spines ventrally (Fig. 9E), unlike a bundle of long, hair-like scales in T. cameroona (Fig. 9H). Description. Male (Figs. 9A, B). Forewing length 7.5 mm. Head: Vertex yellowish brown, with yellowish- white erect scales laterally. Antenna with basal segment elongated, slightly dilated distally; flagellum serrate, orange white, broken off beyond middle in both antennae. Second segment of labial palpus (Fig. 9B) thickened, sabershaped, orange grey, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, dark brown dorsally; 3 rd segment slender, strongly upturned, as long as 2 nd segment, light orange, sharply pointed apically. Thorax: Notum and tegula yellowish brown. Hind tibia greyish orange white dorsally, with rough scales above. Forewing ground color yellowish brown, irregularly scattered with dark-brown scales; costa arched beyond 2/3, oblique to apex; apex slightly produced; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color, with narrow, orangewhite basal line. Hind wing dark brown. Abdomen (Fig. 9F): A pair of long hair-pencils in segment VII; sternite VIII medially extended with a very slender, aristate, apically bifurcated stalk anteriorly; caudal arms directed outwardly. Male genitalia (Figs. 9 C���E): Uncus slightly broadened distally, about 1/2 the width of basal plate of gnathos, with convex caudal margin, reach- ing caudal margin of basal plate of gnathos. Basal plate of gnathos with rounded caudal margin; median process broad at base, narrower toward apex, curved downward at nearly a right angle beyond 2/3, sharply pointed apically. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, deeply incised in V-shape medially on posterior margin and anterior margin. Valva slightly expanded in basal 1/4 of costa; cucullus densely setose, upturned, convex medially on ventral margin, with round apex. Juxta large, shield-shaped, with small triangular lateral processes; caudal margin convex; anterior margin with distinctly acute median process. Vinculum narrow, band-like. Aedeagus stout, shorter than valva, about 3/5 the length of valva, sharply produced apically; cornuti consisting of two overlapped leaf-like bundles of scales and a cluster of variable length of spines in distal 1/3. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Mpigi Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from a Korean word, mirinae, meaning the Milky Way., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 463-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949, {"references":["Park, K. - T. (2018) A new genus Thubdora Park, gen. nov. and seven new species of the subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Cameroon and Rep. of Congo, Africa. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 1085 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.07.018"]}

5. Thubdora trigonoides Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 18 A���G) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey, gen. slide no. CIS-7252. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as the holotype, gen. slide no. CIS-7009, wing slide no. 7032, COI barcode CBNU062. All types in MfN. Diagnosis. This new species is externally similar to T. ghesquierei, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by the male genitalia: uncus slightly concave on caudal margin and directed outwardly, valva with triangularly elongated cucullus, juxta trapezoidal with short, acute latero-caudal lobes, and aedeagus stout, with a large sac containing numerous spinules medially. Description. Male (Figs. 18 A���D). Forewing length 7.5���8.0 mm. Head: Dark brown dorsally, with pale-orange erect scales laterally. Antenna shorter than forewing; basal segment elongated, pale orange dorsally, dark brown on anterior and posterior surface; flagellum serrate, with fine cilia ventrally, pale orange gradually changing to creamy white towards apex, dark-brown annulations irregularly. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, yellowish brown on outer surface, pale orange on inner surface; 3 rd segment slender, strongly upturned, shorter than 2 nd segment, pale orange all around. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown; ventral surface of legs orange white. Forewing costa arched in basal 1/4, strongly oblique beyond 3/4; apex obtuse; termen slightly concave below apex; venation (Fig. 18D) with R 1 strongly bent outwardly near base, distance between R 1 and R 2 twice or longer than that between R 2 and R 3; R 3 and R 4 stalked in proximal half; R 5 absent; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base; M 2 nearly parallel to M 3; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk, 1A+2A shortly forked at base; cell closed; fringe black. Hind wing broader than forewing; apex obtuse; venation with M 2 absent; M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked; cell closed about middle of the wing. Abdomen (Fig. 18G): No hair-pencils developed in abdominal segment VII-VIII; abdominal segment VIII with heavily sclerotized, crescent anterior margin, with several spines on dorsal surface, not specifically modified on ventral surface. Male genitalia (Figs. 18E, F): Uncus with large, latero-caudal processes; anterior margin concave medially. Basal plate of gnathos with round caudal margin; median process elongated, curved pre-apically. Tegumen with thumb-like lobes bearing setae in distal part, incised in inverted V-shape on anterior margin. Valva expanded near base on costa; ventral margin slightly concave before low corner of cucullus; cucullus narrowed toward apex, strongly upturned, densely setose; apex narrowly produced. Juxta trapezoidal, slightly broadened distally, with acute latero-caudal processes, slightly convex medially on caudal margin, with a narrow stalk anteriorly. Vinculum band-like, triangularly produced anteriorly. Aedeagus stout, broad at base, gradually narrowed towards apex; apex sharply produced; cornuti consisting of two different-sized bundles with numerous spines. Female unknown. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Distr.). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Greek trigono (= triangular), referring to the triangularly elongated cucullus of the male genitalia, with a Greek superlative ending - oides., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 476-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

1. Thubdora brachysema (Meyrick, 1938), comb. nov. (Figs. 20 A–F) Ptilothyris brachysema Meyrick, 1938: 18. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA]. Material examined. 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated), DR Congo, Kamatembe, 2100 m, iv 1934, leg. F. De White, gen. slide no. CIS-7218, deposited in RMCA. Male genitalia (Figs. 20 C–F). Uncus broad, as wide as the basal plate of gnathos, with widely curved caudal margin. Juxta with quadrate caudal plate medially and with triangular caudal processes. Aedeagus slender, shorter than valva. Abdominal sternite VIII slightly concave on caudal margin; tergite VIII crescent. Distribtion. DR Congo (Kamatembe) (Meyrick 1938). Remarks. Ptilothyris brachysema Meyrick, 1938 was described as a variety of P. crocophracta Meyrick, and it has been treated as a valid species at the Afromoths site (De Prins & De Prins 2019). In P. brachysema the wide median blotch on the forewing extends from the middle to inner margin, whereas in P. crocophracta a wide band (not a blotch) extends from the costa to inner margin. The forewing color pattern is more or less similar to those of Ptilothyris species, but the forewing is not so much elongated, with a more or less rounded termen, and the antenna is serrate, not bipectinate. The male genitalia are also differentiated from those of the latter by the basal pate of gnathos not trifurcated caudally and the juxta with a short, triangular caudal processes. Due to the male genital characters of brachysema Meyrick, the species is transferred to Thubdora, resulting in a new combination.

3. Thubdora nemophorella (Ghesqui��re, 1940), comb. nov. (Figs. 22 A���E) Ptilothyris nemophorella Ghesqui��re, 1940: 107. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA]. Material examined. 1♂ (holotype), DR Congo, Eala [95 km E of Mbandaka], ix 1935, leg. J. Ghesqui��re, gen. slide no. CIS-7097, deposited in RMCA. Male genitalia (Figs. 22C, D): Characterized by uncus bifurcated, with more or less slender latero-caudal processes; valva elongated, with large concavity in basal part; cucullus narrowed toward apex; juxta rectangular, forked in U-shape caudally, with slender, heavily sclerotized caudal processes. Distribtion. DR Congo (Eala) (Ghesqui��re 1940). Remarks. The forewing pattern is similar to that of Ptilothyris Walsingham, but the antenna is serrate, not bipectinate, and the uncus is bifurcate caudally. Thus, this species is transferred to Thubdora, but it needs further study when additional material is available., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949

1. Thubdora bilobella Park, 2018 (Figs. 14 A���F) Thubdora bilobella Park, 2018: 1089. TL: Cameroon, Efulen. [CMP]. Material examined. 5♂, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF, leg. W. Mey; gen. slide no. CIS-7024 &. CIS-7071, COI barcode CBNU039; gen. slide no. CIS-7030; wing slide no. CIS-7052; 1♂, same as the preceding specimens, COI barcode CBNU032; 2♂, Uganda, Kabarole District, Kibale National Park, 36N TF 0582 6508 1500 m, 19���24 x 2014, leg. Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen; gen. slide no. CIS-7158/ Park; 1♀, Uganda, Mpanga Forest, 0˚12��24����N 32˚18��05����E, 1���5 v 2019, leg. KT Park, JM Koo, JD Kim; gen. slide no. CIS-7349, COI barcode CBNU117, deposited in NIBR. Diagnosis. Thubdora bilobella can be distinguished from its allies by the shape of the uncus, valva, and aedeagus. It seems that the uncus and the juxta of T. bilobella are slightly variable among specimens, as illustrated in the Figs. C, E, and F (C and E from Uganda, and F from Cameroon). Forewing length 6.5���8.0 mm. The male genitalia are illustrated in Figs. 14 B���F; also see Park (2018: figs. 15, 15a). Remarks. The species was previously described from Cameroon and is herein reported for the first time from Uganda. Illustrations for the adult and male genitalia of the specimen collected from Uganda are given for a comparison with those of the type specimen. Distribution. Uganda (Kabarole Dist.: new record), Cameroon (Park 2018)., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De, Akite, Perpetra & Cho, Soowon, 2020, Fourteen new species of the genus Thubdora Park, 2018 (Lepidoptera Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae) from Uganda, and three new combinations in Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 from DR Congo, pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3740949, {"references":["Park, K. - T. (2018) A new genus Thubdora Park, gen. nov. and seven new species of the subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Cameroon and Rep. of Congo, Africa. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 1085 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.07.018"]}

11. Ptilothyris leifaarviki Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 14 A���K) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kesese Distr., Kibale Nat. Park, 36N TF 0 582 6208, 1500 m, 19���24 x 2014, Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen, gen slide no. CIS-7112. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype, COI barcode CBNU077���above types are deposited in NHMO; 1♂, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, gen slide no. CIS-7018, wing. slide no. CIS-7021; 1♀, same data as the preceding species, gen slide no. CIS-7017; 2♂, same data as the preceding species, barcode CBNU030; 1♂, same locality as the preceding species, 25���30 xi 2014, gen slide no. CIS-7076, COI barcode CBNU058; 1♀, Mpigi Mpanga Forest, 25��� 30 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, COI barcode CBNU010.���above types are deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris leifaarviki is distinguished from its allies by the forewing with two orange white or white, elongated patches before and after antemedian fascia on inner margin, and M 1 stalked with R 3+4. However, the patches are sometimes not present. The male genitalia are similar to those of P. crassiella, but can be distinguished by the uncus convex on caudal margin or slightly truncated in median part of caudal margin; caudal processes of juxta similarly rounded apically, but left one much shorter; and the phallus strongly bent in basal 1/4, with more spines in spiny plate. It is also differentiated from P. crassiella by the COI barcode sequence. Description. Male and female (Figs. 14 A���D). Forewing length 10.5���11.5 mm. Head: Dark purple dorsally, with erect pale orange scales laterally. Antenna, in male, strongly bipectinate, dark purple and more or less thickened in about basal 2/5, then white in distal part; in female, serrate, dark brown dorsally in about basal half, then white. Labial palpus second segment more or less flattened and thickened, sabershaped, pale orange speckled with greyish scales on outer surface, orange white on inner surface, with black scales dorsally; 3 rd segment shorter than 2 nd segment, pale orange, densely mixed with black scales on outer surface. Thorax: Forewing dark purple, usually with a lengthy, orange-white or white patch along dorsum; patch broken into two by the median fascia (Fig. 14B), patch sometimes absent (Fig. 14C); antemedian fascia metallic brown or dark brown; postmedian fascia inconspicuous, not clearly developed; costa slightly convex in basal 1/3, then straight medially, slightly arched in apical 2/5; apex obtuse; termen nearly vertical; fringe with orange-white basal line; venation (Fig. 14D) differentiated from those of the preceding new species, by having M 1 stalked with R 3+4 for basal 1/6; cell about 3/5 the length of wing, weakly closed. Hind wing much broader than forewing; ground color pale brownish grey with more or less arched inner margin; cell about 3/5 the length of wing, weakly closed; apex obtuse; termen oblique; venation with Rs and M 1 stalked for basal 2/5; M 2 absent, M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked; 1A+2A forked in basal 1/4; cell closed. Abdomen: Orange white throughout on ventral surface with caudal tuft greyish; a pair of hair-pencils welldeveloped (Fig. 14I). Male genitalia (Figs. 14 E���H) with uncus broadened distally, with truncate median part on caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos with median lobe longer than lateral lobes; median process relatively small, strongly curved downward beyond middle and recurved. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, with caret-shaped anterior margin. Valva elongate; costa slightly expanded in basal 1/3; cucullus elongate, upturned, with round apex, with long, hair-like scales around ventro-proximal margin. Ventral plate of juxta with short, semi-ovate, latero-caudal lobes, concave medially between lobes on caudal margin. Vinculum banded, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Phallus much shorter than valva, bent at 1/4 to 1/3 on ventral margin, with a lot of minute spinules scattered beyond middle, denser near apex; cornuti with a conical spine apically, and a bundle of spines near middle, about 1/4 the length of phallus. Female genitalia (Figs. 14J, K) with abdominal sternite deeply emarginated medially. Ostium bursae slightly emarginate. Apophyses anteriores relatively short. Antrum divided into two parts, separated by slight constriction; posterior part cup-shaped, with dense spinules; anterior part slightly narrowed toward the junction with corpus bursae, with deep emargination anteriorly. Ductus bursae abruptly broadened at junction, short, about 1/4 the length of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae large, ovate; signum divided by a sclerotized transversal ridge medially; upper part hood-shaped; lower part D-shaped, roughly indented along anterior margin. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. This species name is in honor of Leif Aarvik, Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, Norway, who collected the holotype. Remarks. One male (gen. slide no. CIS-7076) paratype and one female paratype lack the orange-white patch along the inner margin of the forewing, but their COI barcode sequences are consistent with that of the holotype. It is considered to be an infraspecific variation., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

15. Ptilothyris loxocasis Meyrick, 1938 (Figs. 18 A���E) Ptilothyris loxocasis Meyrick, 1938: 17. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA]. Diagnosis. Male (Figs. 18A, B). Ptilothyris loxocasis has superficially a little different characters from its allies of the genus Ptilothyris, by having the forewing more or less short with an oblique, broad, orange-white fascia medially, and the antenna not distinctly pectinate. However, the male genitalia dissected from the type in the RMCA matches well to those of the genus. Male genitalia (Figs. 18C, D). Uncus broadened caudally with a median protrusion. Basal plate of gnathos with broadly developed median lobe and small lateral lobes; median process large, strongly curved beyond 2/3. Juxta large, with slender, digitate process on anterior margin, lacking caudal lobes. Phallus slender, shorter than valve, apically extending dorsal margin heavily sclerotized, with round apex; cornuti consisting of two short lows of spines in apical area. Material examined. [RMCA]: 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated), DR Congo, TYPE, Pt. loxocasis M.; Ex- Typis; P 149; R DET. 4080 N; MUS��E DU CONGO, Burunga (2000), W. Kamatembe, 9���20 iii [19]34, de Witte, 283, Parc Nat. Albert; Congo belge: Kivu, Burunga (mokoto), 2000 m, 9/ 20 iii 1934, G.F.de Witte: 283. Remarks. The species was described based on two male syntypes. One, the lectotype designated here, is in RMCA, and the other specimen [Nyarusambo (Mikeno), 2000 m, 27 vi���13 vii 1934], paralectotype, is in NHMUK. Distribtion. DR Congo., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 230-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859, {"references":["Meyrick, E. (1938) Exploration du Parc National Albert. Pterophoridae, Tortricina and Tineina. Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, 14, 3 - 28."]}

Genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897: 37. Type species: Ptilothyris purpurea Walsingham, 1897. Type locality (TL): Nigeria. [NHMUK] The type species, P. purpurea Walsingham was described on the basis of three syntype specimens: two males collected from Lagos, Nigeria (leg. G. Carter) and a female collected from Kangw��, Ogow�� River, French Congo [present day Gabon] (leg. A. C. Good); a male, designated as the lectotype here, and a female are deposited in NHMUK, and the other male is in CMP. Diagnostic characteristics of the genus are as follows: Antenna shorter than forewing; strongly bipectinate; basal half or slightly longer usually dark brown and more thickened, the rest white and slightly serrate in male, but brown and serrate in female. Forewing ground color dark purple, with broad blackish antemedian fascia bearing some erect scales and postmedian fascia usually indistinct; venation with R 3 and R 4 stalked, R 5 absent; M 2 present, M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on common stalk. Hind wing usually having a semi-transparent, yellowish white patch beneath costal margin and with a tuft of grayish hair-scales at base of vein 1A+2A in male, but those absent in female; venation with M 2 absent��� Walsingham (1897) stated that R 3 is absent, and R 4 and R 5 are stalked in forewing, but it might be due to a misreading R 3 as R 4. All the new species described herein do not have M 2 in hind wing. Abdomen usually dark brown dorsally, with sometimes pale-orange anal tuft, and with a pair of long hairpencils dorso-laterally along anterior margin of the segment VIII; male genitalia with uncus broadened, fanshaped; gnathos with basal plate trifurcate posteriorly; juxta consisting of double plates, ventral plate with welldeveloped caudal process, dorsal plate usually short with triangular processes laterally; and female genitalia with corpus bursae usually having a hood-shaped signum. The genus is superficially similar to Thubdora Park, 2018 in wing venation, but it can be distinguished by the forewing more elongated and the antenna strongly bipectinate, usually dark brown dorsally and more or less flattened in basal half or longer, then white beyond. The male genitalia can also be distinguished from those of Thubdora by the following characters: (i) uncus broadly developed, as wide as the basal plate of gnathos, fanshaped; (ii) gnathos with broad basal plate, usually trifurcate caudally with semi-ovate median lobe and similar sized lateral lobes, rarely with convex caudal margin; (iii) juxta forming double plates, long ventral plate and dorsal plate; (iv) female genitalia with a hood-shaped signum., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859, {"references":["Walsingham, T. G. (1897) Western Equatorial African Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897, 33 - 67."]}

16. Ptilothyris nausicaa Meyrick, 1926 (Fig. 18F) Ptilothyris nausicaa Meyrick, 1926: 288. TL: Congo Belg. [NHMUK]. Diagnosis. Male (Fig. 18F). Ptilothyris nausicaa is superficially similar to the Thubdora species in having less elongate forewing with rounded outer margin. On the other hand, the antenna of this species is dark purple basally and matches well with Ptilothyris. The antennae of the holotype are both broken beyond middle, but, according to the original description, the apical third is white. Material examined. [NHMUK]: 1♂ (holotype), Marungu Plateau, Belg. Congo, TAB Yood, 2. 22., Ptilothyris nausicaa Meyr. E, Meyrick det. In Meyrick Coll., nausicaa Meyr., Meyrick coll., B.M. 1988-290���. Remarks. The species was described based on a single male. While it is currently placed in Ptilothyris, genital examination of this specimen is needed to clearly define its generic position. Distribtion. DR Congo., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

7. Ptilothyris enormisella Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 10A–D) Description. Female (Figs. 10A, B). Forewing length 11.5 mm. Head: Dark brown with purplish iridescence dorsally, with light orange, erect scales above compound eyes laterally. Antenna with slender basal segment, dark brown dorsally; flagellum slightly serrate (Fig. 10B), dark brown in basal 3/5, then white beyond. Labial palpus with 2 nd segment thickened, saber-shaped, pale grayish orange ventrally, densely covered with dark-brown scales dorsally; 3 rd segment slender, longer than 2 nd segment, light orange dorsally, dark brown ventrally, apex sharply pointed. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown, with purplish iridescence dorsally. Hind tibia light orange dorsally; black scales on outer surface in basal 2/5, pale orange in median 1/5, and black scales all around in distal 2/5, with light orange apex; first tarsus dark brown, others light orange dorsally. Forewing elongate, length more than 5 times the width in middle; ground color dark brown, with purplish iridescence; antemedian fascia black, oblique, extending from costa to inner margin; postmedian fascia indistinct; costa slightly convex in basal 1/4, then slightly concave, more strongly oblique beyond 3/4; apex more or less rounded; termen slightly oblique; fringe concolorous, with narrow orange white basal line; cell closed; venation similar to that of P. pilosa (Fig. 8D). Hind wing about 1.5 times broader than forewing, deep yellowish brown. Abdomen: Pale orange from 1 st to 4 th segment and fuscous beyond on ventral surface. Female genitalia (Figs. 10C, D) with abdominal sternite VIII deeply incised medially. Apophyses anteriores short, about half the length of apophyses posteriores; apophyses posteriores long, slender, about 1.3 times the width of antrum. Ostium bursae narrowly emarginated. Lamella antevaginalis very characteristic, broad as wide as the width of segment VII, weakly sclerotized, with irregular wrinkles, especially in caudal half. Antrum broad, indistinct, membraneous. Ductus bursae extremely broadened posteriorly, tapering toward the junction with corpus bursae; junction rather constricted. Corpus bursae ovate, about half the length of ductus bursae; signum large, round, with a sclerotized line positioned diagonally about 1/4 from the posterior side, and with another sclerotized line longitudinal from near center to the anterior end; posterior part more heavily sclerotized. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Latin,— enormis (=huge, vast) with a Latin diminutive suffix,— ella.

10. Ptilothyris crassiella Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 13 A���J) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, gen slide no. CIS-7078, wing slide no. CIS-7006, COI barcode CBNU056. Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype, gen slide no. CIS-7041, COI barcode CBNU050���above types are deposited in MfN; 1♂, Uganda, Kasese Distr., Kibale Nat. Park, 36N TF 0 582 6208, 1500 m, 19-24 x 2014, leg. Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen, gen slide no. CIS- 7095, COI barcode CBNU073���deposited in NHMO; 1♂, Uganda, Western 27 km of Masindi Budongo Forest 985 m, 1��55���58���N, 31��42���40���E, 31 x 2014, D. Agassiz, K. Larsen & M. Ochse, gen slide no. CIS-7090���deposited in NHMUK. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris crassiella is superficially similar to P. hylodes sp. nov., but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following: antenna dorsally dark brown whereas pale yellow speckled with blackish scales in P. hylodes; in male genitalia, the median lobe of basal plate of gnathos short, rounded caudally, cucullus with concave costa, curved inward apically, whereas the latter with nearly straight costa and somewhat straight outward apically; phallus with a spiny plate-like cornutus near middle, while such a plate absent in P. hylodes. The hair-pencils are longer than those of the latter. It is also differentiated from P. hylodes or P. drepanodes by the COI barcode sequences. Description. Male and female (Figs. 13 A���D). Forewing length 10.0��� 11.5 mm. Head: Purplish dark fuscous dorsally, with greyish orange erect scales laterally. Antenna bipectinate, basal half purplish dark fuscous, orange white beyond. Second segment of labial palpus (Fig. 13C) thickened, pale greyish orange, speckled with brown scales on outer surface; 3 rd segment shorter than 2 nd, more or less thickened, same color as 2 nd segment; female antenna slender, slightly serrate. Thorax: Notum and tegula purplish dark fuscous. Forewing dark purple with black antemedian fascia; postmedian fascia inconspicuous; costa nearly straight, arched in apical 1/4; apex obtuse; termen slightly convex; venation (Fig. 13D) with R 1 strongly bent near base, arising before middle of discal cell; R 3 and R 4 stalked in basal 1/8; R 4 reaching costa, close to apex; R 5 absent,; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base; M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk, rather evenly spaced; 1A+2A narrowly forked in basal 1/5; cell about 3/5 the length of wing, closed. Hind wing much broader than forewing, brownish grey; apex obtuse; termen oblique, slightly sinuate medially; cell weakly closed before middle of wing; venation with M 1 short-stalked with Rs; M 2 absent; M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked. Abdomen: Orange white from base to sternite VII on ventral surface, with rough fuscous scales terminally; zones of dense spines well-developed on tergites, with a pair of long hair-pencils laterally on anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII, longer than length of segment VII (Fig. 12H). Male genitalia (Figs. 13 E���G) with uncus slightly emarginate on caudal margin medially. Median lobe of basal plate of gnathos short, rounded; lateral lobes rounded apically. Valva elongate; costa with broad expansion in basal 1/3; cucullus elongate, with gently concave costa, narrowed toward apex, with dense hair-like scales on surface, especially around ventro-proximal margin. Ventral plate of juxta with large, thumb-like caudal lobe, right-angled; dorsal plate with broad band centrally. Vinculum banded, less sclerotized medially. Phallus shorter than valva, slightly bent at 1/4���1/3 ventrally, with minute spinules scattered in distal half; cornuti with a row of spines distally, about 1/4 the length of phallus, and a spiny plate near middle. Female genitalia (Figs. 13I, J) with abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginated in U-shaped medially. Apophyses anteriores thick, about 3/5 the length of apophyses posteriores. Ostium bursae more narrowly emargnated, reaching near middle of lamella antevaginalis. Antrum quadrate, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae sclerotized in posterior half, slightly twisted, wrinkled and oblique, then widened and membraneous in anterior half; dusctus seminalis broad, arising from near middle. Corpus bursae elongate, as long as ductus bursae, junction with ductus bursae indistinct; signum large, tilted semicircular in shape. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin, crassus (= thick, stout), referring to the more or less thick 3 rd segment of the labial palpus., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 222-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

14. Ptilothyris aglaocrossa Meyrick, 1935 (Figs. 17 A���H) Ptilothyris aglaocrossa Meyrick, 1935: 564. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA] Diagnosis. Male (Figs. 17 A���C). Forewing length 10.0���11.0 mm. The forewing of P. aglaocrossa is not remarkably elongated as other species of the genus and strongly oblique from 3/4 of costa, and it is characterized by having a small, orange costal patch near 3/4 of costa on forewing and pale orange fringes along inner margin in hind wing. The uncus in male genitalia is gently convex and the basal plate of gnathos is triangularly convex on caudal margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 17 D���G). Uncus broadened, forming a large, fan-shaped plate, gently convex on caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos triangularly convex medially on caudal margin and much more exceeding the apex of uncus caudally. Valva slightly expanded near base on costa, ventral margin nearly straight; cucullus elongate, slightly concave on costal margin and gently rounded on outer margin; tip not smoothly curved. Ventral plate of juxta large, with oblique caudal margin, not bifurcate; dorsal plate with large, irregular pentagons laterally. Vinculum banded, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Phallus slender, slightly shorter than valva, dorsal margin sharply pointed apically; cornuti consisting of rows of minute spinules in apical 1/3 (Fig. 17G). The hair pencils in abdominal segment VIII relatively short (Fig. 17H). Material examined. [RMCA]: 1♂ (lectotype), DR Congo, MUS��E DU CONGO, Elisabethville, [Lubumbashi, 11˚39]��0����N 27˚28��0����E, leg. Ch. Seydel, M3299, S. DET. E.E. 2877, gen slide no. CIS-7098; 1♂ (non-type), DR Congo, Urundi, Kitega, 30 iv 1964, M. Fontaine, gen slide no. CIS-7101. Distribution. DR Congo. Remarks. The species was described based on a single male collected from DR Congo. The genitalia of the type have not been dissected, but the genitalia of an additional specimen preserved in RMCA were dissected and are illustrated here., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 227-229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

5. Ptilothyris pilosa Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 8 A���I) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19���24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, gen. slide no. CIS-7075, COI barcode CBNU001. Paratypes: 3♂, 1♀ (abdomen missing), same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CIS-7069 (♂), COI barcode CBNU037; -7002 (♂), wing slide CIS-7118, COI barcode CBNU048; - 7115 (♂), COI barcode CBNU045; Abdomen missing (♀), COI barcode CBNU002���the above mentioned types are in MfN; 1♂, Uganda, Kasese Distr., Kibale Nat. Park, 36N TF 0 582 6208, 1500 m, 19���24 x 2014, gen. slide no. CIS-7116, COI barcode CBNU079, leg. Leif Aarvik & Knud Larsen, deposited in NHMO. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris pilosa is hardly distinguishable from P. serangota Meyrick with their superficial characters, but it can be distinguished by the male genitalia: ventral plate of juxta with nearly similar size, short caudal lobes, never with such a long and pointed process as in P. serangota; phallus shorter and thicker than that of P. serangota; cornutus thin, angled near middle, curved upward basally and downward apically, claw-like apically, but not observed in P. serangota. Description. Male and female (Figs. 8 A���D). Forewing length 9.5���11.0 mm. Head: Dark purple dorsally, with light orange scales laterally, arising from upper margin of compound eye. Antenna sexually dimorphic; in male (Fig. 8C), basal segment slender, dark purple dorsally and light orange ventrally; flagellum strongly bipectinate with long flagellomeral branches, dark purple in basal 3/5, then orange white beyond, with gradually shortened flagellomeral branches; in female, slender, slightly serrated (Fig. 8B). Labial palpus, rather flattened, saber-shaped, light orange all around; second segment thickened; 3rd segment slender, as long as 2nd segment, densely speckling with black scales ventrally, with acute, blackish apex. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark purple. Hind tibia with light orange dorsally and black scales on outer surface in basal 2/5, then pale orange in median 1/5, and with black scales all around in distal 2/5, with light orange apex; first tarsus black with light orange apex. Forewing elongate, ground color dark purple; antemedian fascia broad, well-developed in basal 2/5; postmedian fascia narrow, strongly convex outwardly at middle; costa slightly convex in basal 1/4, slightly concave medially, distinctly convex from 3/4, then oblique; apex obtuse; termen slightly oblique; cell closed; venation (Fig. 8D) with R 5 arising before middle, bent anteriorly at near base; R 3 and R 4 stalked for near basal 1/3; R 4 reaching before apex; R 5 absent ; M 1 remote from R 3+4 at base; M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on common stalk; distance between M 3 and CuA 1 at base nearly equal to that of CuA 1 and CuA 2 at base. Hind wing broader than forewing; ground color same as that of forewing, with white hyaline patch, extending to the end of cell; venation with M 2 absent; M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked. Abdomen (Fig. 8J): Ventral surface pale orange from 1 st to 4 th segment, then fuscous beyond, densely spinous on tergites, with a pair of long hair-pencils on anterior margin of segment VIII; the hair-pencil twice longer than the length of segment VII. Male genitalia (Figs. 8 E���I) with uncus broadened distally, fan-shaped, emarginated mesially along caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos large, as wide as uncus, trifurcated caudally, with long median lobe rounded apically, exceeding apices of lateral lobes; median process extremely broad at base, curved downward subapically. Valva elongate, with nearly parallel sides before cucullus; costa slightly convex near base, concave medially; cucullus elongate, more or less triangular with long hairs around ventro-proximal margin, apex obtuse. Juxta bifurcate, with different length of caudal lobes ventrally: left lobe shorter, slightly acute apically, right one rounded apically, slightly bigger than the left; dorsal plate very shortened, with triangular processes laterally. Vinculum a band, narrow, well sclerotized. Phallus rather slender, slightly arched, narrowed toward apex, slightly shorter than valva; cornutus small, heavily sclerotized, angled near middle, curved upward basally and downward apically, claw-like apically. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek, pilos (= hair), referring to hairy cilia of the antenna., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 212-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

13. Ptilothyris crossoceros Meyrick, 1934 (Figs. 16 A���G) Ptilothyris crossoceros Meyrick, 1934: 452. TL: Tanzania. [NHMW] Diagnosis. Male (Figs. 16 A���C). Forewing length 12 mm. Ptilothyris crossoceros can be distinguished from other known species of the genus by the color pattern of both wings and the dorsally pale orange antenna: forewing with a more or less triangular pale orange patch medially on inner margin; hind wing fuscous, with large, deep orange in basal half, occupying from basal 1/5 to 3/5 above anal veins; the basal plate of gnathos in male genitalia convex caudally and not trifurcate. Male genitalia (Figs. 16 D���G). Uncus slightly convex on caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos strongly convex on caudal margin, forming a large, fan-shaped plate and much more exceeding the apex of uncus caudally. Valva slightly convex basally along costa, ventral margin nearly straight; cucullus elongate, with nearly straight costal margin, outer margin oblique; apex rounded. Juxta ventral plate rather short; dorsal plate banded with triangular ends laterally; a vertical flap on ventral surface near base. Vinculum banded, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Phallus slender, much shorter than valva; cornutus absent or fallen away. Material examined. [NHMW]: 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated), Tanzania, Tanganyika-See, N. W. Ufer, 1900���2100 m, ii ���[19]10, Grauer, Ptilothyris crossoceros Meyr., det. Meyrick; 1♂ (paralectotype), data same as lectotype. [RMCA]: 1♂ (paralectotype), DR Congo, N. Kiru, Ngresho, ix 1937, G. Ghesqui��re, gen. slide no. CIS- 7104. Distribution. DR Congo, Tanzania. Remarks. The species was described based on the three males collected from Tanzania. Two of them are deposited in NHMW, and the third male specimen collected from DR Congo is preserved in RMCA. The male type in RMCA was dissected and the genitalia are illustrated here., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 224-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

12. Ptilothyris subcucullata Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 15 A���E) Type specimen. Holotype: female, Cameroon, Eufelen, H.L. Weber, Acc. 6257, 6 Jan. 1919, gen slide no. CIS- 6849. The holotype is deposited in CMP. Diagnosis. The female genitalia of P. subcucullata are similar to those of P. drepanodes, sp. nov. and P. crassiella, sp. nov., with a similar signum, but P. subcucullata can be distinguished from those species by the caudal margin of the abdominal segment VIII, which is incised medially with a V-shaped emargination, compared to the deeply emarginated into a U-shape in the latter two species, and by the large, heavily sclerotized plate in the posterior of ductus bursae. This new species can be distinguished from other morphologically similar species known only from males as follows: 1) from P. pilosa sp. nov. and P. hylodes sp. nov. by the transversely elongated antemedian fascia on the forewing; and 2) from P. vokaensis sp. nov. by the absence of a white hyaline patch on the hind wing. Description. Female (Figs. 15 A���C). Forewing length 10.0 mm. Head: Vertex purplish dark fuscous; greyish orange erect scales laterally, arising from upper margin of compound eye. Antenna (Fig. 15C) shorter than forewing, biserrate, purplish dark fuscous for basal ��, orange white for the rest, with black spot at apex. Second segment of labial palpus thickened, brownish orange intermixed with dark fuscous scales on dorsal and outer surface, with pale greyish orange apex, pale orange on inner surface; 3 rd segment slender, as long as 2 nd segment, nearly right angle to second segment, orange white dorsally, dark brown ventrally. Thorax: Notum and tegula purplish dark fuscous. Forewing purplish fuscous, with dark-brown scales scattered for apical 1/3; costa nearly straight, arched in apical ��; apex obtuse; termen slightly oblique; fringe concolorous, with narrow indistinct orange-white basal line; venation with M 1 free. Hind wing similar to Ptilothyris leifaarviki sp. nov. Abdomen: Female genitalia (Figs. 15D, E) with abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginated medially. Ostium bursae more narrowly emarginated, extending past middle of antrum. Apophyses anteriores broken. Antrum large, sclerotized, nearly quadrate. Ductus bursae broadened, longer than corpus bursae, sclerotized in posterior 1/3, with heavily sclerotized, elongate longitudinal plate. Corpus bursae ovate; signum is similar to that of P. leifaarviki. Distribution. Cameroon. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, cucullus (= cap, hood), referring to the hood-shaped signum in the female genitalia., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

8. Ptilothyris drepanodes Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 11 A–N) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19–24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, gen slide no. CIS-7 0 19, COI barcode CBNU046. Paratypes: 3♂, same data as holotype, gen slide no. CIS-7079, COI barcode CBNU044; 1♀, same data as the preceding specimen, gen slide no. CIS-7029, COI barcode CBNU011; 1♂, same data as holotype, gen slide no. CIS-7 0 77, COI barcode CBNU047; 1♂, same data as holotype, wing slide no. CIS-7081; 1♂, Uganda, Mpigi Mpanga Forest, 25-30 xi 2014, wing slide no. CIS-7028, COI barcode CBNU003; 1♂, same data as holotype, gen slide no. CIS-7080, wing slide no. CIS-7117, COI barcode CBNU012—above types are deposited in MfN; 2♀, Western, Uganda, Kibale Forest, Kanyawara, 1520 m, 0˚33ʹ39N 30˚21ʹ27E, 20-21 x 2014, leg., D.J.L. Agassiz. gen slide no. CIS-7091, COI barcode CBNU075; 1♀, Central Mpanga Forest, 1207 m, 0˚12ʹ22N 32˚18ʹ08E, 26 x 2014, leg., D.J.L. Agassiz. —above types are deposited in NHMUK. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris drepanodes is superficially similar to the preceding new species, but can be distinguished by the absence of the white patch on the hind wing, and the juxta in the male genitalia with near symmetrical, slightly curved caudal processes. Even though apparent variations are found in the shape of juxta among specimens (see Figs. 11F, 11J, and 11H) and in the venation of the forewing between the wing slides no. 7028 and no. 7117, with M 1 nearly connate with R 3+4 or M 1 remote from R 3+4 at base, the COI barcode sequences obtained from several specimens are all identical or nearly identical, strongly suggesting that these are conspecific even with notable infraspecific morphological variations. Description. Male and female (Figs. 11 A-E): Forewing length 10.0– 11.5 mm. Head: Vertex covered with blackish scales; pale orange erect scales laterally arising from upper margin of compound eye. Antenna of male (Fig. 11B, C) with basal segment slender, dark fuscous dorsally, pale orange ventrally; flagellum bipectinate, dark purple in basal 3/5, creamy white beyond with gradually shortened flagellomeral branches; each branch somewhat clavate with cilia on both sides and tip; female antenna slightly serrate. Labial palpus (Fig. 11D) with second segment thickened, pale orange on outer surface, sparsely speckled with dark-fuscous scales; 3 rd segment as long as 2 nd segment, pale orange on inner surface, speckled with darker fuscous scales on outer surface. Thorax: Notum and tegula purplish dark fuscous dorsally. Hind tibia dark fuscous with pale orange band near middle on dorsal surface; apex pale orange. Forewing elongate, ground color dark purple, with broad, black antemedian fascia in basal 2/5 and postmedian fascia just outside the cell; costa slightly expanded anteriorly along basal 1/4, and slightly arched in distal 2/5; apex obtuse; termen oblique; cell weakly closed; venation with R 1 arising just before middle of discal cell; venation (Fig. 11E) with R 3 and R 4 stalked for about basal 1/4, R 4 to costa near apex; R 5 absent; M 1 close to R 3+4 at base (in the wing slide no. CIS-7117) or connate (in wing slide no. CIS- 7028); M 2 arising from lower corner of cell; M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk; CuA 1 and CuA 2 stalked for basal 1/4; 1A+2A narrowly forked about basal 1/4; cell about 3/5 the length of wing; cell closed. Hind wing much broader than forewing; ground color same as that of forewing; apex obtuse; termen slightly concave medially; cell short, weakly closed before middle of the wing; venation with Rs and M 1 short-stalked; M 2 absent; M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked; 1A+2A forked at base; cell short, weakly closed. Abdomen (Fig. 11L): Spinous zones on tergites; pale orange on ventral surface throughout; a pair of long hairpencils laterally along the anterior margin of segment VIII, about twice the length of segment VII; sternite VIII with strongly arched sclerite along anterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 11 F–K) with uncus broadly expanded distally; caudal margin slightly emarginate medially. Median lobe of basal plate of gnathos relatively long, subovate, with lateral lobes produced apically. Valva elongate; costa nearly straight basally, strongly upturned beyond middle, with nearly straight margin; cucullus narrowed toward rounded apex, with long hair-like scales around ventro-proximal margin. Juxta bifurcate, with sickle-shaped, nearly symmetrical caudal processes; caudal processes about 1/3 the length of juxta, directed sideward apically, small ovate process on anterior margin; dorsal plate with concave dorsal margin and slightly arched anterior margin. Vinculum narrow, band-like, heavily sclerotized. Phallus slender, shorter than valva; cornuti consisting of a small spine near apex and a line bearing numerous minute spines in distal part. Female genitalia (Figs. 11M, N) with abdominal sternite VIII emarginated in U-shape medially. Ostium bursae similarly emarginated. Apophyses anteriores shorter than half of apophyses posteriores Antrum large, cup-shaped, sclerotized in posterior half, then narrowed, membraneous anteriorly. Ductus bursae broadened posteriorly, bearing a large, longitudinal plate; plate as long as half of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate; signum large, somewhat trapezoidal. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek, drepane (= sickle), referring to the sickle-shaped caudal processes of the juxta.

4. Ptilothyris serangota Meyrick, 1932 (Figs. 7 A���I) Ptilothyris serangota Meyrick, 1932: 205. TL: Uganda. [NHMUK] Ptilothyris serangota ab. cyanea Ghesqui��re, 1940: 107. syn. nov. Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 7 A���C). Forewing length 9���10 mm. Ptilothyris serangota is superficially similar to the type species, P. purpurea, in pattern, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the white hyaline patch on the hind wing, which is extended longitudinally from near base to near apex. Male abdomen (Fig. 7I) has spinous zones on tergites; with a pair of long hair-pencils along the anterior margin of segment VIII, twice longer than length of segment VII. Female abdomen is not modified as above. Male genitalia (Figs. 7 D���H). Uncus broadened distally, fan-shaped, slightly emarginated mesially along caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos trifurcate; median lobe semi-ovate, slightly longer than the lateral lobes, and often exceeding caudal margin of uncus; lateral lobes heavily sclerotized, curved mesiad; median process strongly curved beyond middle, acute at apex. Valva elongate nearly parallel-sided basally; costa slightly expanded near base, concave medially; cucullus elongate, produced apically, subtriangular, with dense setae along lower margin. Dorso-caudal processes of juxta asymmetrical, left one short, triangular; right one long, sickle-shaped, slightly curved inwardly; with a minute triangular process on left lateral margin and a well-developed ventral process on right lateral margin near base. Vinculum band-like, well sclerotized. Phallus very slender, narrowed apically, about the same length of valva; cornutus absent (Figs. 7E, H). Material examined. [NHMUK]: 1♂ (holotype), Uganda, M36, Masuba[?] Rd., 3 iv 1931, G.H.E. Hopkins, 3 iii 1949, gen. slide no. BM-9133/Clarke, Ptilothyris serangota, TYPE, E. Meyrick, det., M3305; 1♂, Kampala, 16 vi 1931, H. Hargreaves; Brit. Mus. 1939-70; Ptilothyris serangota Meyr., E. Meyrick det.; 1♂, Uganda, Kampala, HH, 22 xii [19]30, Ptilothyris serangota, 2/1, E. Meyrick, det. In Meyrick Coll,; 1♀, Kampala, 14. xii. 1934 G.H.E. Hopkins, Brit. Mus. 1937-286, Ptilothyris serangota Meyr., E. Meyrick det.; 1♀, Catelle Rd., 31 i 1932, G.H.E. Hopkins, Ptilothyris serangota, 2/2, E. Meyrick, det. In Meyrick Coll.; 1♂, Ghana, Bia N.P. 170���640 m, Bonga Camp. 6˚33��N, 3˚5��W, 23 i 2009, leg. U. Dall���Asta; De Prins Coll. BMNH (E), 2014-125. [RMCA]: 1♂, DR Congo, Rutshuru, vii 1937, det. J. Ghesqui��re, Ptilothyris serangota Meyr., ab. cyanea Ghesq., 1940, R. Det. K. 4409. [MfN]: 1♂, Uganda, Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, 25���30 xi 2014, leg. W. Mey, gen. slide no. CIS-7070. Distribution. Uganda, Ghana, DR Congo. Remarks. In the collection of RMCA, a male specimen labeled as ��� TYPE ��� determined as caerulea Ghesqui��re, 1940 is deposited. We are sure that the name of ��� Ptilothyris serangota Meyr. ab. caerulea Ghes., 1940��� was erroneously written by Ghesqui��re. The name caerulea Ghesqui��re on the label is probably a name erroneously written, instead of cyanea Ghes. in the publication. This is probably the same kind of mistakes by Ghesqui��re, 1940 as noted in P. porphyrea . The name, cyanea Ghes., is synonymized with P. serangota Meyrick herein. The right caudal projection of an additional specimen (Figs. 7F, G) is shorter than that of the type, but it is considered as an infraspecific variation., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859

9. Ptilothyris hylodes Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 12 A–G) Type specimen. Holotype: male, Uganda, Kibale Nat. Park, Biol. Field Station, 19–24 xi 2014, LF leg. W. Mey, gen slide no. CIS-7003, COI barcode CBNU-029. The type is deposited in MfN. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris hylodes is also superficially similar to P. drepanodes sp. nov. by the absence of orange white patch on the hind wing, but it is differentiated by the shape of caudal lobes of juxta. It can also be distinguished from the following species, P. crassiella sp. nov. by the pale yellow flagellum in basal part. The male genitalia are similar to those of vokaensis sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the basal plate of gnathos with narrow, rather slender median lobe; cucullus more sharply produced apically, with nearly straight costal margin; phallus with a pair of minute spines apically, whereas the spines are absent in P. vokaensis; and the hair-pencils much shorter. The COI barcode sequences revealed that they are different. Description. Male (Figs. 12 A–C). Forewing length 9.0 mm. Head: Dark brown dorsally, with pale yellow erect scales laterally, arising from upper margin of compound eye. Antenna (Fig. 12B) basal segment slender, dark fuscous dorsally, pale yellow ventro-laterally; flagellum bipectinate, each subsegment with whorled scales and long cilia, pale yellow speckled with blackish scales in basal half and pale yellow beyond. Labial palpus (Fig. 12C) with 2 nd segment thickened, rather flattened, saber-shaped, pale yellow, speckled with dark brown scales on outer surface; 3 rd segment as long as 2 nd segment, same color as the second ventro-laterally, pale yellow on inner surface. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark brown dorsally. Hind tibia dark fuscous in basal 1/4 and in apical 1/4, pale yellow near middle. Forewing ground color dark brown; costa slightly expanded anteriorly in basal 1/3, then nearly straight, arched in apical 1/4; apex obtuse; hind wing much broader than forewing. Abdomen (Fig. 12G): Spinous zones on tergites; a pair of hair-pencil on anterior margin of segment VIII laterally, relatively short, slightly longer than the length of segment VII (Fig. 12 G- ®). Male genitalia (Figs. 12 D–F) with uncus with gently arched caudal margin. Median lobe of basal plate of gnathos slender, much longer than lateral lobes caudally (Fig. 12 F-©); lateral lobes broadly rounded apically. Valva elongate; cucullus with more or less rounded apex, costal margin nearly straight. Ventral plate of juxta with oblique caudal margin; caudal margin slightly concave medially; caudal process not distinctly produced, with obtuse left angle and acute right angle. Vinculum narrow, band-like, heavily sclerotized. Phallus more or less slender, much shorter than valva, minute spinules densely scattered beyond middle; cornuti with a pair of small spines apically, and a bundle of spines well developed near middle. Distribution. Uganda. Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek, hyle (= forest) with – odes, a Greek suffix denoting resemblance.

1. Ptilothyris purpurea Walsingham, 1897 (Figs. 3 A���D, Figs. 4 A���H) Ptilothyris purpurea Walsingham, 1897: 38. TL: Lagos, Nigeria. [NHMUK] Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 3 A���D). Forewing length 11.0���12.0 mm. The common diagnostic characteristic characters of P. pupurea include: (i) antenna strongly bipectinate, dark brown in the basal 3/5, orange white beyond in the male; serrate, dark brown in basal 3/ 4 in the female; (ii) forewing elongate, with the length more than 4 times the width, and the ground color dark brown with purplish iridescence. The species is similar to P. vokaensis sp. nov. and P. porphyrea Ghesqui��re in having orange-white patch on hind wing in the male. However, it can be easily distinguished from P. vokaensis sp. nov. by the antemedian fascia on the forewing which is broader, irregularly shaped, more strongly convex outwardly, while in P. vokaensis the patch is nearly parallel sided, vertically elongated, not reaching inner margin. The hyaline patch on the hind wing is more or less semiovate, whereas it is nearly quadrate in P. vokaensis. Ptilothyris purpurea can also be distinguished from P. porphyrea by the dark-brown fringe along the inner margin of the hind wing, whereas the fringe in P. porphyrea is light orange from basal 1/4 on inner margin to near tornus. The abdomen of male (Fig. 4H) has spinous zones on tergites, with a pair of long hair-pencils on anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII; sternite VIII with strongly arched linear sclerotization along anterior margin and tergite VIII with narrow quadrate plate bearing laterally narrow sclerites. The male genitalia of P. purpurea provide a more easily distinguishable character from those of P. vokaensis and P. porphyrea by having the juxta with large, slender, horn-shaped caudal processes. Male genitalia (Figs. 4 A���D). Uncus broadened apically, deeply concave medially forming two rounded lobes. Basal plate of gnathos trifurcate apically, median lobe semi-ovate, slender; lateral lobes curved inwardly; median process strongly curved downwards. Valva elongate, slightly expanded along basal 1/3 of costa; cucullus strongly upturned, gradually narrowing to a rounded apex, densely setose, with long hairs around ventro-proximal margin. Ventral plate of juxta with two symmetrical, slightly curved, sickle-shaped caudal processes, slightly longer than 2/ 5 of length of juxta; dorsal plate short, with nearly straight caudal margin. Phallus shorter than valva, tapered apically; cornutus long, about 3/4 of phallus, heavily sclerotized, sharply acute apically. Female genitalia (Figs. 4 E���G). Abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginate medially, anterior margin broadly and shallowly concave. Ostium bursae deeply emarginate. Lamella antevaginalis broad, sclerotized, subquadrate. Apophyses anteriores very short; apophyses posteriores also relatively short, about the same length of segment VIII. Antrum short. Ductus bursae slightly longer than corpus bursae, broader in posterior 2/5; base of ductus seminalis broad, arising from near posterior 2/5. Corpus bursae ovate; signum large, half moon-shaped, with a band-like sclerotized ridge along flat side. Material examined. [NHMUK]: 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated), Nigeria, Idanre, Yoruba, Carter 1894, 1185; ♂ Type H.T. in a red circular label, with a determination label written as ��� Ptilothyris purpurea, Wlsm, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897, 38. Pl. II. 2, Type ♂ figured.��� However, in the description by Walsingham (1897), it is recorded as ��� Lagos (♂♂. Sir G. Carter), French Congo [Gabon], Kangw��, Ogow�� River (♀, Rev. A.C. Good)���; 1♀ Lagos, Carter 1896, 2185; Walsingham Collection, 1910-427; Ptilothyris purpurea, Wlsm., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897, 38, Pl. II. 2. 1/1; 2♂, Warri, VI [18]97 (Dr. Roth), 1908-122; 1♂, Warri, Berin. R. 5. 97; Ptilothyris purpurea Wals., 9/9, E. Meyrick, det., in Myrick Coll.; 1♂ and 1♀, pinned together, 1558 In Forest, Mumu, W. Nigeria, 15 iv [19]65, ♂ ♀, Ptilothyris purpurea Wals., det. J.D. Bradley 1962, gen slide no. CIS-7088(♂), -7089(♀); 1♂, N.W. State, 11 mls. N.W. Mokwa, Zuguma, R. Eku, 11-19. viii. 1970, P.H. Wari, B. M. 1970-604, Riparian Rainforest. Ghana, 2♂, Aburi Gold Coast 1912 3, W. H. Paterson, Ptilothyris purpurea. Distribution. Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria. Remarks. Additional five specimens collected from DR Congo (2♀, Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki- Mayumbe, 05˚37��S, 013˚05��E, 16 v 2007, leg. J & W. De Prins; DNA Le Voucher, AK-07-018; De Prins Coll. BMNH (E), 2014-125; 2♂, 1♀, same locality as the above specimens, 05˚27��S, 13˚05��E, 29 xi 2008, leg. J. & W. De Prins) are placed in P. purpurea in NHMUK, but these specimens probably belong to a different species. Thus, they are not included in P. purpurea here., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on pages 206-209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859, {"references":["Walsingham, T. G. (1897) Western Equatorial African Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897, 33 - 67."]}

6. Ptilothyris vokaensis Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 9 A–H) Type specimens. Holotype: male, Congo Republic, Pool Region, Voka 04-405, 14-41E, 620 m, 25–30 May 1993, J. Rawlins, R. Davidson, G. Onore, D. Schlitter, gen. slide no. CIS-5626. Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CIS-6956. Types are deposited in CMP. Diagnosis. Ptilothyris vokaensis is externally similar to P. purpurea Walsingham and the different characteristics between two species are noted in the diagnosis of P. purpurea. The male genitalia can be distinguished by the juxta with spine-like caudo-lateral processes in P. purpurea, which are absent in P. vokaensis sp. nov. It is also distinguished from P. porphyrea Ghesquière by the hind wing with purplish grey fringe along inner margin throughout; in P. porphyrea, the hind wing has orange fringe medially. The hair-pencil in the abdominal segments between VII and VIII of P. vokaensis is longer than that of P. porphyrea. Description. Male (Figs. 9 A–C). Forewing length 9.5–10.0 mm. Head: Dark purple dorsally, with light-orange, erected scales laterally. Antenna (Fig. 9B) strongly bipectinate with long flagellomeral branches, dark purple in basal 3/5, orange white beyond, with gradually shortened flagellomeral branches. Labial palpus (Fig. 9C) with 2 nd segment thickened, rather flattened, saber-shaped, light orange all around; 3 rd segment slender, as long as the 2 nd segment, speckled with black scales on outer surface; apex acute, black. Thorax: Notum and tegula dark purple. Hind tibia partly descaled, somewhat similar to that of P. pilosa. Forewing ground color dark purple; antemedian fascia in basal 2/5 distinct, more or less elongate-quadrate; postmedian fascia broadly suffused; costa slightly convex in both basal 1/4 and distal 1/4, otherwise nearly straight medially; apex obtuse; termen slightly oblique; cell closed; venation as in the description for the genus. Hind wing broader than forewing, same ground color as in forewing, with quadrate hylane patch. Abdomen (Fig. 9H): Densely spinous on tergites; with a pair of long hair-pencils along anterior margin of segment VIII, about 1.5 times longer than the length of segment VII (Fig. 9 H-?); sternite VIII with narrow, gently concave, band-like sclerite along anterior margin. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs. 9 D–G) with uncus broadened distally, fan-shaped, moderately emarginated at middle on caudal margin, with slightly produced lateral lobes. Gnathos with median lobe semiovate, much longer than lateral ones (Fig. 9 D- ©); median process gently bent near middle and strongly bent downward sub-apically. Valva elongate; costa slightly expanded near base, then slightly concave; cucullus elongate, slightly curved inwards apically. Ventral plate of juxta oblique, slightly concave caudally, with right lobe developed; dorsal plate with triangular plates on anterior margin laterally (Fig. 9G). Vinculum a band, narrow, heavily sclerotized. Phallus slightly shorter than valva, curved near basal 1/3; cornutus with a row of minute spines. Distribution. Congo Republic. Etymology. The species epithet is named after the type locality.

17. Ptilothyris neuroplaca Meyrick, 1933 (Figs. 19 A���F) Ptilothyris neuroplaca Meyrick, 1933: 359 (Idiopteryx). TL: Congo, Belg. [NHMUK]. Diagnosis. Female (Figs. 19A, B). Forewing length 9.0 mm. Ptilothyris neuroplaca is distinguished from other members of the genus by the pale-orange head and the same ground color of the forewing. The forewing has two, dark-fuscous, transverse streaks, one at base, the other as a wide postmedian fascia; outer streak 2/5 the length of forewing in width, with pale-orange branched lines, and the hind wing ground color is dark brown, with orangewhite vertical streak preapically on costa. Female genitalia (Figs. 19 C���E). See also Clarke, 1965: pl. 107, Figs. 1���1c. Abdominal sternite VIII broadly and shortly emarginated, with more or less triangular lateral lobes. Apophyses anteriores long, about 2/3 the length of apophyses posteriores. Lamella antevaginalis large, isosceles trapezoidal, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow, long, about three times the length of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from near middle. Corpus bursae ovate; signum large, roundish, as wide as long. Material examined. [NHMUK]: 1♀ (holotype), Zambia, N. Rhodesia, Congo-Zambesi watershed, 1918, leg. H. S. Evans, gen. slide no. BM-9135/Clarke. Distribution. Zambia. Remarks. Even though the wing color pattern of this species is exceptionally different from other members of the genus, the female genitalia have a prolonged hood-shaped signum which is a common character of the genus Ptilothyris., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859, {"references":["Clarke, J. F. G. (1965) Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Vol. 5. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). London. 255 pp."]}

2. Ptilothyris porphyrea Ghesqui��re, 1940 (Figs. 5 A���G) Ptilothyris porphyrea Ghesqui��re, 1940b: 107. TL: DR Congo. [RMCA] Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 5A, B). Forewing length 10.5���11.5 mm. Ptilothyris porphyrea is similar to P. purpurea Walsingham by having an orange-white hyaline patch on the hind wing, but it can be distinguished by the hind wing with more ovate patch medially and with pale-orange fringe on inner margin from basal 1/3 to near tornus. Male abdomen (Fig. 5G) has spinous zones on tergites, with a pair of shorter hair pencils on anterior margin of segment VIII, and with segment VIII similar to P. purpurea. Female abdomen is not strongly modified as in P. purpurea. The male genitalia provide a more distinct diagnostic character by the juxta, lacking two, symmetrical, long, caudal lobes that are present in P. purpurea. Male genitalia (Figs. 5 C���F). Uncus broadly expanded from base, forming a fan-shaped process, strongly convex along caudal margin. Basal plate of gnathos trifurcate, with elongate median lobe, exceeding caudal margin of uncus; lateral lobes broadly rounded. Valva elongate; costa slightly expanded dorsally near base; cucullus strongly upturned, rounded apically, costal margin slightly concave, with dense hairs around ventro-proximal margin, Ventral plate of juxta elongate-trapezoidal, with shortly produced caudal lobes. Vinculum a narrow bandlike, heavily sclerotized. Phallus slender, slightly shorter than valva, strongly curved along basal 1/3; dorsal margin sharply produced apically; cornuti consisting of a narrow sclerotized spine with a dorsal row of serration, about 1/4 the length of phallus, and a small, short apical spine. Female genitalia (Figs. 5H, I). Abdominal sternite VIII deeply emarginate medially. Ostium bursae deeply emarginate medially. Lamella postvaginalis weakly produced. Apophyses posteriores about 3/4 the length of apophyses anteriores. Antrum weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae about 1.5 times length of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle, as broad as 1/2 the width of anterior part in ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate; signum large, prolonged, more sclerotized in posterior half. Material examined. [RMCA]: 1♂ (holotype), DR Congo, written as ��� P. chalibaea ���, MUSEE DU CONGO, Eala, x [19]35, J. Ghesqui��re, det. Ptilothyris. chalibaea Ghes., 1940, n. DET. E. 4409, gen. slide no. CIS-7092; 1♂, paratype, named as ��� P. chalibaea ���, MUSEE DU CONGO, Eala, vi [19]36, R. DET. G. 4409, leg. J. Ghesqui��re; 1♀, paratype, ��� P. chalibaea ���, MUSEE DU CONGO, Eala, vi [19]36, leg. J. Ghesqui��re, r. DET. F. 4409, gen. slide no. CIS-7093. Distribution. DR Congo. Remarks. The three specimens that were designated as ��� holotype, paratype, and allotype ��� have their labels written as Ptilothyris chalybaea Ghes., 1940. However, it was confirmed that Ghesqui��re himself, or possibly his technician, mislabeled ��� porphyrea Ghes. ��� as chalybaea Ghes., because all the data on the labels of chalybaea Ghes. are exactly written in the same way as those of porphyrea Ghes. in its description. Moreover, no name of chalybaea Ghes. could be found in the NHMUK card index (Lepindex) or any other available references. Ghesqui��re (1940) probably described the species with a different name, porphyrea Ghes., instead of P. chalybaea, the one he originally suggested on the label under the specimen. In the Afromoths (2018), the name of P. porphyrea Ghes. has been used as the valid name, instead of P. chalybaea. After the publication of this revision, the correct labels with the valid name should be placed on the specimens., Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Mey, Wolfram, Koo, Jun-Mo, Prins, Jurate De & Cho, Soowon, 2019, Revision of the genus Ptilothyris Walsingham, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae), with descriptions of eight new species from Africa, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2594859, {"references":["Ghesquiere, J. (1940 b) Quelques microlepidopteres Gelechiidae congolais. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaines, 34 (1), 101 - 108."]}

International audience; Widely known for pest species that include major modulators of temperateforests, the genus Choristoneura is part of the species-rich tribe Archipini of leafrollermoths (Tortricidae). Delimitation of the genus has remained unresolved because nophylogeny has included species endemic to Africa and studies have often omitted thetype species of the genus. Further taxonomic confusion has been generated by thetransfer of Archips occidentalis (Walsingham) to Choristoneura, creating a homonymwith Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, an important defoliator of North Americanforests. To define the limits of the genus, we reconstructed a phylogeny using DNAsequences for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and nuclear ribosomal 28Sgenes. Our ingroup included 23 Choristoneura species-level taxa, complemented by alarge sample of outgroups comprising 82 species of Archipini and other Tortricidae.We generated a time-calibrated tree using fossil and secondary calibrations and weinferred biogeographic and diversification processes in Choristoneura. Our analysisrecovered the genus as polyphyletic, with Archips occidentalis, Choristoneura simonyiand Choristoneura evanidana excluded from the main clade. Based on the recoveredphylogenies and a redefinition, we restrict Choristoneura primarily to species with anorthern hemisphere distribution. Our analysis supports A. occidentalis as the sistergroup of Cacoecimorpha pronubana, C. simonyi as the sister of ‘Xenotemna’ pallorana,and C. evanidana as the sister of Archips purpurana. A new combination is proposed:Archips evanidana comb.n.; the availability of ‘Xenotemna’ as a valid name is discussedand A. occidentalis is considered as an orphaned name within the Archipini. Wefound support for a Holarctic origin of Choristoneura about 23 Ma, followed by earlydivergence in the Palearctic region. The main divergence occurred at 16Ma, with oneclade in the Nearctic and another in the Palearctic. Subsequent cladogenetic eventswere synchronous and related to herbivorous specialization, with each clade dividedinto coniferophagous and polyphagous lineages. Their specialization as conifer feederstemporally matched the expansion of boreal forest during the Miocene.