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Выполнены исследования и представлены результаты аналитической оценки становления инновационных систем управления агропроизводством на мелиорированных землях в отечественном АПК в сравнении с развитыми странами Запада, Соединенных Штатов Америки, Канады и других государств, а также их роли в структуре экономики агропроизводства. Методическую основу настоящих НИР представляют информационно-аналитический метод, метод экспертных оценок, системного анализа и синтеза. Установлено, что существующий уровень инновационной системы отечественного растениеводства ключевой фактор отставания показателей эффективности и производительности труда в агропроизводстве на мелиорируемых землях от аналогичных показателей мировых лидеров. Форсирование технологической отсталости агропроизводства увязывается с переходом сельскохозяйственного производства АПК на технологические уклады (по классификации государственной инновационной стратегии) 5-го, 6-го уровня с фактически достигнутого 4-го уровня. Показаны основные этапы совершенствования зарубежных систем управления производством (DSS), направленные на автоматизацию процедур поддержки назначения управляющих воздействий. Интеграция программного обеспечения DSS в структуру мониторинга состояния агроэкосистем способствует становлению и эволюции в растениеводстве новых креативных технологий прецизионного (высокоточного) земледелия. Представлены данные внедрения этих технологий в практику зарубежного агропроизводства, свидетельствующие о растущем интересе фермеров к указанным новациям. Выявлены причины, сдерживающие полноценное использование прецизионных технологий, вызванные отсутствием свободных средств у мелкотоварных сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей, составляющих основное большинство хозяйствующих субъектов АПК, и, не в последнюю очередь, стратегического мышления, обусловленного их локальной интеграцией в глобальный производственный процесс АПК. Охарактеризован наступающий этап инновационного развития агропроизводства на основе интеллектуальных (умных) агротехнологий , интегрированных в составе проектов AIoT (Agricultural Internet of Things интернет вещей в сельском хозяйстве), объединяющих через Интернет объекты для получения и обмена информацией со встроенных сервисов, Research is carried out and results are given of the analytical assessment of formation of innovative systems of agricultural production management on the reclaimed lands for the domestic agroindustry in comparison with the developed countries of the West, the United States of America, Canada and other countries, as well as their role in the structure of the agricultural production is presented. The methodological basis of the research is based on the information-analytical method, the method of expert assessments, system analysis and synthesis. It is determined that the existing level of the innovative system in the domestic crop production is the main reason of lagging of the indicators of efficiency and productivity of agricultural production on the reclaimed lands as compared to the similar indicators of the worlds leaders. Technological backwardness of agricultural production depends on the transition of agricultural production to the technological structures (according to the classification of the state innovation strategy) of levels 5 and 6 with the actually achieved level 4. The main stages of improvement of the international production management systems (DSS) aimed at automation of the procedures of support of the appointment of the control actions are shown. Integration of DSS software into the structure of agroecosystems monitoring contributes new creative technologies of precision (high-precision) agriculture to formation and evolution in the crop production. The data of introduction of the above technologies into the practice of the foreign agricultural production is given, which states the growing interest to the specified innovations among farmers. The reasons hindering the full use of precision technology are presented such as the lack of available funds for the small-scale agricultural producers that make up the vast majority of the economic entities in agriculture, as well as strategic thinking stipulated by their local integration in the global production process of agriculture. The coming stage of innovative development of agricultural production on the basis of intelligent (smart) agrotechnologies which is integrated as a part of AIoT projects (Agricultural Internet of Things - Internet of things in agriculture), and combines objects via the Internet to obtain and exchange information from built-in services, is characterized, №1(50) (2020)

Приоритетным направлением инновационного развития сельского хозяйства настоящего периода становится точное земледелие, что повышает актуальность решения задач по формированию действенной системы агромелиоративных мероприятий в растениеводстве. Цель настоящих исследований совершенствование теории и практики развития прецизионного агропроизводства на мелиорируемых землях на базе использования информационно коммуникационных технологий. Научная новизна в формировании нового подхода к разработке инфраструктуры цифровизации мелиоративного сектора экономики путем создания специализированной платформы в качестве цифрового двойника сферы мелиорации. Практическая значимость в инициировании роста внедрения и применения интегрированных цифровых решений в мелиоративном водохозяйственном комплексе АПК. Выполнен анализ становления и использования в настоящее время информационных технологий управления растениеводством на мелиорируемых землях, показавший их безусловную действенность с одной стороны и необходимость интенсификации внедрения цифровых технологий в практику агропроизводства агропромышленного комплекса РФ с другой. Установлен низкий уровень (до практического отсутствия) предложений отечественных разработчиков на рынке программно-технического и технологического обеспечения систем управления мелиорируемых агроценозов при значительном сегменте таких предложений от зарубежных фирм, значимо растущих из года в год. Предложена стратегия инновационного развития агропролизводства на мелиорируемых землях на основе становления «платформенной» экономики, ориентированной на решение вопросов инфраструктуры в условиях предстоящей цифровизации производственных процессов. Специализированная цифровая платформа «Мелиоративный водохозяйственный комплекс» в составе национального проекта «Цифровое сельское хозяйство» сможет обеспечить сокращение расходов производства до 40%, простоя техники и оборудования до 50%, сроков вывода продукции на рынок до 50%, затрат на обеспечение качества продукции до 20% и на хранение запасов до 50%.

Keynote lecture describing Canada's vision for dairy farming in the future.

Hanwoo cattle are an important food source in Korea and their supply can have a major impact on meat availability for Korean consumers. The Hanwoo population was 1.8 million head in 2005 and gradually increased to 2.6 million in 2015. Per capita beef consumption has also increased, to 11.6 kg per year in 2015, and is expected to continue to increase. Because intramuscular fat percentage is a critical contributor to meat quality, Hanwoo cattle are fed a high-energy corn-based diet for long fattening periods. Long fed diet causes significant alterations in fat percentage in the loin muscle and other areas of the carcass. However, these long feeding periods increase feeding costs and beef prices. Recently, there has been increased Korean consumer demand for lean beef which has less fat, but is tender and priced more reasonably. These consumer demands on the Korean beef industry are driving differing beef production systems and also changes to the beef grading methodology. Korean government has made a significant investment to select bulls with favorable production traits using progeny testing. Progeny tested bull semen has been disseminated to all Hanwoo farmers. A beef traceability system has been employed for all cattle breeds in Korea since 2009. Hanwoo cattle are ear-marked with a 12-digit identification number from birth to slaughter. This number allows traceability of the management history of individual cattle, and also provides information to consumers. Traceability including management information such as herd, farm, year of birth, and carcass data can determine estimated breeding values of Hanwoo. For a sustainable Hanwoo industry, research scientists in Korea have attempted to develop feeds for efficient fattening periods and precision feeding systems based on genetic information for Hanwoo cattle. These initiatives aim to Korean consumer demands for beef and provide more precision management in beef production in Korea.

The spatial variability of physical soil properties at the field scale is increasingly important in agriculture and natural resource management. Changes in topography, parent material, management practices, erosion/deposition rates, etc. can influence the variability of the soil’s physical properties and help guide management and land use plans. The Geonics EM38 is a noninvasive geophysical sensor which is used to measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil through electromagnetic induction – primarily influenced by clay content, soil moisture content, and salinity. Soil moisture has been found to be a significant contributor to ECa and is therefore useful in determining both spatial and temporal variation in available soil water content across a landscape. This study conducted at the Lake Wheeler Research Facility in Raleigh, North Carolina examined the ability of EM38 to quantify and map the topographic relationship and variability of soil moisture content of the soil surface (0 -.15m). Soil cores were collected at 14 locations and used to determine soil particle size, bulk density, and available water content. Multiple EM38 surveys were conducted along transects of a rain-fed agricultural field and used to calibrate readings with volumetric water content. Data and maps developed with ArcGIS software will be presented of ECa survey measurements, water retention curves, particle size analyses, and bulk densities for soil cores collected. The goal of the study was to determine how soils – and associated moisture content – vary spatially and if this variability can be detected using EM38 sensor techniques.

The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is an important pollinator of horticultural and agricultural field crops, providing ≈ 90% of all commercial pollination services (Genersch et al. 2010). The recent rise in colony loss due to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) has been a source of concern for both beekeepers and the apiculture industry. One of the factors implicated in CCD is infestation by the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Initial efforts to control the mite relied heavily on regular application of miticides without regard to actual mite infestation levels. This approach has led to problems of resistance in the mite and contamination of the hive and hive-products. Because it is unlikely that miticides will be removed as an option for mite management, a precision mite management (PMM) approach using information on the spatiotemporal distribution of the mite to improve sampling and treatments is seen as a viable option, particularly with respect to treatment costs and impacts on the environment. The primary objective of this study was to develop an understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of the Varroa mite and bee brood within hives for the purpose of developing a PMM approach for the mite. Varroa mite populations were sampled from May to June, 2012 and February to October, 2013. Sampling was conducted with three commonly used sampling methods: soapy water roll (SWR), brood uncapping, and a modified sticky board; brood uncapping, however, was discontinued during the study due to hive the labor cost and harmful effects of this method to the hives. Similar trends in mite population levels were observed using the soapy water roll and sticky board sampling methods. Spearman's nonparametric analysis showed that there was a significant correlation (ρ = 0.47, P

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T12:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel_Ferreira.pdf: 1066470 bytes, checksum: 9923303dec16eec4c3bdffb317754755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-13 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Model Digital Logging (Modeflora) technology that uses computer resources and highprecision equipment in tropical forest management, developed by Embrapa Acre (Rio Branco) and Embrapa Florestas (Colombo / PR), al.ows an accurate mapping of the area management, taking into account aspects of the reality of the forest. Since 2007 the technology is used by several companies timber in Acre in implementing their management plans. This work was validated utliza????o this methodology in the pre exploratory modeled hydrography and collecting the true coordinates of the trees in a forest management company owned by Precious Wooods Amazon, located in the city of Silves, Amazonas - Brazil. We obtained a map of hydrography of the study area and a database compared to the amount of trees by Modeflora method and the method practiced by the company. The Modeflora method is effective and easy to use. O Modelo Digital de Explora????o Florestal (Modeflora), tecnologia que utiliza recursos de inform??tica e equipamentos de alta precis??o no manejo de florestas tropicais, desenvolvido pela Embrapa Acre (Rio Branco) e Embrapa Florestas (Colombo/PR), permite um mapeamento rigoroso da ??rea de manejo, levando em considera????o aspectos da realidade da floresta. Desde 2007 a tecnologia ?? utilizada por diversas empresas do setor madeireiro acreano na execu????o de seus planos de manejo. Neste trabalho foi validado a utliza????o desta metodologia na fase pr??-explorat??ria, modelando a hidrografia e coletando as coordenadas verdadeiras das ??rvores, em uma ??rea de manejo florestal pertencente a empresa Precious Wooods Amazon, localizada no munic??pio de Silves, Amazonas Brasil. Foram obtidos mapa de hidrografia da regi??o de estudo e um banco de dados comparado a quantidade de ??rvores inventarias pelo m??todo Modeflora e pelo m??todo praticado pela empresa. O m??todo Modeflora se mostrou eficaz e de f??cil utiliza????o.