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A 2-year-old female crossbreed dog was presented with progressive ataxia and paraparesis. A T3-L3 spinal lesion was determined by neurological examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an ovoid-shaped, well-circumscribed mass affecting the spinal cord at the level of the T9 vertebra. A left hemilaminectomy and a durotomy at the level of T9 allowed discovery of an ovoid deformation of the meninges with a cystic appearance. En bloc removal was performed and appeared to be complete. Pathological analysis showed a voluminous cystic lesion lined by a heterogeneous epithelium. Three types of epithelium were present: a pseudostratified columnar epithelium, a stratified squamous epithelium and a transitional epithelium. Mucus production, the morphology of some cells with microvilli at the apical pole and immunohistochemical assays were highly in favor of an endodermal origin of the cyst. The age of the dog, anamnesis, MRI study and histological findings were consistent with an intradural neurenteric cyst as described in humans. Total surgical removal led to a progressive clinical improvement with no recurrence at 18 months. We report an unusual intradural extramedullary cyst, called a neurenteric cyst, in a 2-year-old female crossbreed dog. This type of cyst is well-known in humans but has never been described in dogs. We propose that neurenteric cysts should be included in the differential diagnoses for tumor-like or cystic intradural lesions in the young dog. Prognosis for this type of cyst seems to be good, as total surgical removal led to a progressive clinical improvement with no recurrence at 18 months.

Au cours de sa présentation, R. Richard a présenté les données observationnelles qui soustendent le développement du concept de seuil ventilatoire, puis a exposé les données actuelles de la science sur lesquelles se basent les approches prônant l’utilisation des seuils ventilatoires comme des indicateurs pour personnaliser le réentraînement en endurance des patients. Si le concept de seuil ventilatoire est basé sur l’identification de zones de variation du débit ventilatoire en fonction de la puissance de l’exercice musculaire, l’origine des stimuli impliqués dans le déclenchement de cette réponse est encore discutée et en particulier, le modèle de compensation ventilatoire d’un état d’acidification métabolique est largement remis en cause. L’association entre les variations objectives du débit ventilatoire et le niveau de dyspnée perçue est également remise en cause. Néanmoins, l’utilisation des seuils ventilatoires, associée à l’utilisation du seuil de dyspnée, reste utile et utilisable pour optimiser la codification et la personnalisation d’un programme de réentraînement à l’exercice musculaire chez des patients porteurs d’une bronchopneumopathie obstructive.

We present a study of the atomic and chemical structure of the surface of a fully strained, TiO2-terminated, ferroelectric BaTiO3(BTO) (001) epitaxial film on a SrTiO3substrate after controlled exposure to water. The epitaxial quality was checked by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Quantitative low-energy electron diffraction compared with multiple scattering simulations was used to measure the structure of the first few atomic layers of BTO surface. The surface chemistry was investigated using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, temperature-programmed desorption measured the desorption energies. We find that water undergoes mainly dissociative adsorption on the polarized BTO(001) surface. There are two competing sites for dissociative adsorption: oxygen vacancies and on-top Ti surface lattice atoms. The Ti on-top site is the dominant site for OH–chemisorption. One fifth of the surface Ti atoms bind to OH–. The concentration of surface oxygen vacancies acts mainly to favor initial physisorption. Before exposure to water, the outward pointing polarization in the BTO film is stabilized by atomic rumpling in the TiO2termination layer. After exposure to water, the chemisorbed OH–species provide the screening, inverting the surface dipole layer and stabilizing the bulk polarization. Molecular adsorption is observed only for high water coverage.

We have investigated the effect of moderate and strenuous exercise on experimental arterial thrombus formation in men. Thrombogenesis was measured in 15 sedentary healthy male volunteers at rest or immediately after two standardized exercise tests performed for 30 min on a bicycle ergometer. The exercises were performed at a constant load corresponding to either 50 or 70% maximal oxygen uptake. Thrombus formation was induced ex vivo by exposing a collagen-coated coverslip in a parallel plate perfusion chamber to native nonanticoagulated blood for 3 min. The shear rate at the collagen surface was 2,600 s−1. Platelet and fibrin deposition was quantified by immunoenzymatic methods. The results show that moderate exercise did not affect arterial thrombus formation. In contrast, platelet thrombus formation on collagen was increased on the average by 20% after 30 min at 70% maximal oxygen uptake (P= 0.03). Fibrin deposition on collagen remained unchanged with exercise, regardless of its intensity. Thus, with the use of a clinically relevant human experimental model of thrombosis, the present study suggests that exercise of heavy intensity may increase the risk for arterial thrombogenesis in sedentary young healthy male volunteers.

Scores on three scales of the Pupil Evaluation Inventory (Aggression, Withdrawal, and Likability) were derived from a sample of 200 regular education and mainstreamed elementary students and were compared with group achievement test results and membership in referral subgroups. Results showed low to moderate correlations of the PEI measures with achievement test scores and indicated some gender differences in the magnitude of the relationships. Groups referred for special ser-vices or gifted programs showed significant differences from regular education students on all of the PEI measures. The PEI holds promise for the further study of the social and behavioral correlates of school success.

• We recruited 51 predominantly homosexual and 50 predominantly heterosexual men as index subjects for a family study of sexual orientation. The sexual orientation of siblings (115 sisters and 123 brothers) was ascertained in two ways: (1) via interview with the index subjects and (2) via interview of and/or mailed questionnaire to the siblings themselves. Index subjects' knowledge of the sexual orientation of their siblings was, for the most part, quite accurate. Moreover, heterosexual index men had about as many homosexual brothers as would be predicted given national prevalence figures for homosexuality, but homosexual index men had about four times as many homosexual brothers, although in both cases most brothers were heterosexual. There was no significant difference between the index groups in number of homosexual sisters. We conclude that there is a significant familial component to male homosexuality.

AbstractIsocubanite is a cubic polymorph of cubanite CuFe2S3, discovered in the submarine sulphide deposits of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and the Red Sea, in association with chalcopyrite, pyrrhotine, pyrite, sphaterite or wurtzite and anhydrite. It was previously obtained artificially and mentioned as iss, ‘intermediate solid solution of CuFe2S3composition’. Crystals are cubic with a= 5.303(3) Å and strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are 3.059 (10) 111, 1.876 (7) 220, 1.602 (5) 311. Euhedral grains range from a few microns up to 400 µm, with a Vickers microhardness of 175(25) kg/mm2for P = 100 g. Isocubanite is usually intimately intergrown with iron- and zinc-rich chalcopyrite and is opaque with a metallic lustre and a bronze colour. Pinkish brown and isotropic in polished sections; reflectance values (SiC standard) are: 420 nm 22.73%, 460 nm 26.87, 500 nm 31.34, 540 nm 34.79, 580 nm 37.35, 620 nm 39.11,660 nm 40.32, 700 nm 41.33, 740 nm 41.91, 780 nm 42.50. Electron microprobe analyses gave (wt. %): Fe 41.64–42.49, Cu 20.79–21.52, Zn 0.77–1.09, S 35.49–35.82, corresponding to the formula (Cu,Zn)Fe2S3.Isocubanite is characteristic of high-temperature (> 200 °C) present-day submarine sulphide deposits where hot hydrothermal fluids are quenched by seawater as in EPR deposits or by cooler brines as in Atlantis II Deep, in the Red Sea; it is unstable and therefore unusual in fossil ores. This cubic phase was previously observed and described more or less accurately as cubic cubanite, cubanite II, chalcopyrrhotiteand iss; the name isocubanite, proposed in order to clarify the nomenclature, and this new description, were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names.

• Homosexual female probands with monozygotic cotwins, dizygotic cotwins, or adoptive sisters were recruited using homophile publications. Sexual orientation of relatives was assessed either by asking relatives directly, or, when this was impossible, by asking the probands. Of the relatives whose sexual orientation could be confidently rated, 34 (48%) of 71 monozygotic cotwins, six (16%) of 37 dizygotic cotwins, and two (6%) of 35 adoptive sisters were homosexual. Probands also reported 10(14%) nontwin biologic sisters to be homosexual, although those sisters were not contacted to confirm their orientations. Heritabilities were significant using a wide range of assumptions about both the base rate of homosexuality in the population and ascertainment bias. The likelihood that a monozygotic cotwin would also be homosexual was unrelated to measured characteristics of the proband such as self-reported history of childhood gender nonconformity. Concordant monozygotic twins reported similar levels of childhood gender nonconformity.

• Homosexual male probands with monozygotic cotwins, dizygotic cotwins, or adoptive brothers were recruited using homophile publications. Sexual orientation of relatives was assessed either by asking relatives directly, or when this was impossible, asking the probands. Of the relatives whose sexual orientation could be rated, 52% (29/56) of monozygotic cotwins, 22% (12/54) of dizygotic cotwins, and 11% (6/57) of adoptive brothers were homosexual. Heritabilities were substantial under a wide range of assumptions about the population base rate of homosexuality and ascertainment bias. However, the rate of homosexuality among nontwin biological siblings, as reported by probands, 9.2% (13/142), was significantly lower than would be predicted by a simple genetic hypothesis and other published reports. A proband's self-reported history of childhood gender nonconformity did not predict homosexuality in relatives in any of the three subsamples. Thus, childhood gender nonconformity does not appear to be an indicator of genetic loading for homosexuality. Cotwins from concordant monozygotic pairs were very similar for childhood gender nonconformity.

Malgré l’intérêt démontré de pratiquer une activité physique régulière chez le patient porteur d’une bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO), la mise en application de cette recommandation demeure aléatoire, freinée par des facteurs intrapersonnels, interpersonnels, sociaux et environnementaux. Le nombre de pas quotidiens déclaré par les patients souffrant d’une BPCO est médian par rapport à celui relevé chez d’autres patients porteurs d’une autre pathologie chronique. Pour faciliter la mise en application des recommandations d’activité physique, l’environnement des patients peut être modifié et proposer des solutions de recours pratiques pour la pratique d’une activité physique. La voie de la stimulation peut être également être utilisée au cours d’un entretien motivationnel et en appliquant une approche cognitivo-comportementaliste ayant pour objectif d’augmenter les connaissances et les compétences de l’individu de façon à amener celui-ci à élaborer lui-même une stratégie qui le conduira à un changement de comportement alors qualifié d’actif. Les objectifs du programme d’activité physique devront être définis en respectant les notions de faisabilité et de compliance, en instaurant une perspective de progression individuelle par étapes à partir d’indicateur de l’intensité des séances d’exercice musculaire, sans délaisser le caractère ludique de l’activité physique, et en programmant des évaluations itératives de la mise en application des recommandations.

Chez les patients porteurs d’une bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, le risque de morbi-mortalité est inversement corrélé au niveau d’activité physique. Par ailleurs, la pratique d’une activité physique par ces patients permet d’obtenir des bénéfices sur le plan psychologique, d’améliorer la capacité inspiratoire, d’améliorer la tolérance à la dyspnée, d’améliorer la tolérance musculaire à l’exercice, de réduire le nombre d’exacerbations et d’améliorer la qualité de vie. Les recommandations d’activité physique spécifient que le réentraînement en endurance au seuil de dyspnée et durant 30 à 45 minutes est la modalité d’exercice musculaire la plus utilisée en réhabilitation respiratoire, que le réentraînement intermittent peut aussi être proposé, que les exercices en résistance peuvent être utiles (en particulier chez les patients présentant une diminution de la masse musculaire), et que le réentraînement des muscles inspiratoires devrait être proposé de même que l’électrostimulation musculaire.

INTRODUCTION THIS study was designed to demonstrate a method for evaluating the differential effects of drugs on ambulatory patients. The method consists of use of observation controls, quantified scores for observations, and sequential analysis of data. Specifically, this aim was exemplified by a test of whether an anti-depressant medication, pargyline hydrochloride (Eutonyl), is more effective in reducing the manifest symptoms of depression than is an inert placebo.Pargyline is a nonhydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO) chemically identified as N-benzyl-N methyl-2 propynylamine hydrochloride. Previous studies of this agent as a psychic energizer have been for the most part uncontrolled clinical observations. For example, Saunders5 reported on his experience with pargyline using 59 female hospitalized patients as subjects. Kline4 reported his experience with 50 subjects in private practice who had been unsuccessfully treated with other means. With this difficult group of patients

The role of dreaming in the assimilation and mastery of new experiences was examined in this study. Previous work had shown that a film of an autopsy can evoke measurable psychologic and physiologic indices of anxiety. Adaptation to the experience was indicated by lower levels of anxiety during a second viewing of the film. We examined the effect of dream Stage REM deprivation on adaptation to the second viewing. Between the first and second viewings, 9 subjects were dream deprived, 5 had normal sleep and 6 were awakened from nonREM sleep. For those who showed a significant anxiety response to the first viewing, the dream deprived group showed significantly less adaptation to the second viewing than the other two groups. These results support the hypothesis that dreaming aids adaptation to anxietyprovoking stimuli.

Subjective feelings of 272 dental clinic patients who were awaiting examination were evaluated. Their anxiety exceeded that of a resting student group but was less than that of patients awaiting psychiatric evaluation. Past and present anxieties experienced in the dental office were related, but no relationship was found between recollections of pain suffered in dental procedures and present anxiety.

L’impédancemétrie cardiaque (IPc) permet une évaluation rapide du débit cardiaque (QC). Dans une étude de faisabilité nous avons démontré que le QC mesuré par IPc était corrélé aux QC par méthode de thermodilution et de Fick chez les patients suivis pour une hypertension pulmonaire (HTP) du groupe 1 ou 4 (biais entre IPc et fick 0,232 [−0,291 à 0,756] L/min, entre IPc et TD −0,117 [−0,487 à 0,252] L/min). Le but de ce travail est de cibler la population qui pourrait bénéficier d’une mesure fiable du QC en IPc dans le suivi.

L’objectif d’évaluation du niveau d’activité physique des patients porteurs d’une bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive est rationalisé par la nécessité de pouvoir positionner le niveau d’activité physique des patients sur le continuum de la pratique d’une activité physique (pyramide des activités physiques) et de pouvoir évaluer l’évolution du patient sur ce continuum pour ajuster les conseils d’activité physique. Il est également nécessaire d’identifier les facteurs environnementaux et personnels qui influencent le niveau de pratique d’une activité physique chez ces patients (en particulier, il faut prendre en considération les besoins de déplacements des patients qui peuvent les éloigner des conditions habituelles et organisées de pratique d’une activité physique). L’évaluation du niveau d’activité physique de ces patients peut se faire de façon subjective viades questionnaires, ou de façon objective vial’utilisation de systèmes électroniques (podomètres, actimètres, logiciels de suivi de l’activité) permettant d’évaluer les caractéristiques de l’activité de marche qui demeure l’indicateur étalon pour cette évaluation.

Malgré l’absence de consensus sur l’origine physiologique des seuils ventilatoires, l’utilisation de ces indicateurs est préconisée pour optimiser la prise en charge de patients se plaignant d’une intolérance fonctionnelle à l’exercice musculaire. L’identification des zones de seuils ventilatoires permet de poser un diagnostic de déconditionnement ; elle a également un intérêt pronostic car le niveau du déconditionnement est corrélé à la morbi-mortalité, et elle a un intérêt thérapeutique car les puissances d’exercice et les fréquences cardiaques correspondantes identifiées dans les zones de seuils ventilatoires permettent de codifier et de personnaliser le programme de réentraînement à l’exercice musculaire des patients.

Il existe des contre indications à la réalisation d’une pléthysmographie corporelle. L’anévrisme cérébral et l’hypertension artérielle (HTA) n’en font pas partis. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 55ans aux antécédents d’HTA ayant présenté une hémorragie sous arachnoïdienne sur rupture d’anévrisme après pléthysmographie. Nous nous interrogeons sur l’imputabilité de cet examen dans son décès.