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This study aimed to determine the effect of boiling time on polyphenol compounds and antioxidant activity ciplukan (leaves, stems, fruit, roots and mixture of each plant part). This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five groups (leaves, stems, fruit, roots, and mixture of each part of the plant ) and three treatments (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The analysis for the experiment were the antioxidant activity of each part of the plant by using various incubation time, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol for each treatment. The results showed that the duration of boiling had a significant effect on total polyphenols but no significant effect on antioxidant activity. The highest total polyphenols were obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling duration (1210.5 mg GAE / g), and the highest antioxidant activity was also obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling time (88.32%).

The chemical structures of two withanolides, isolated from the leaves of Physalis angulata by column chromatography, were studied. The isolated compounds are (17S,20R,22R,24R,25S)-5β,6β:20,24-diep­oxy-4β,25-dihy­droxy-1-oxowith-2-en-26,22-olide and (20R,22R)-5α,14α,20-Trihy­droxy-1-oxo-6α,7α-ep­oxy­witha-2-enolide., The compounds (17S,20R,22R,24R,25S)-5β,6β:20,24-diep­oxy-4β,25-dihy­droxy-1-oxowith-2-en-26,22-olide and (20R,22R)-5α,14α,20-Trihy­droxy-1-oxo-6α,7α-ep­oxy­witha-2-enolide were isolated from a chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae). Two products were isolated from the chromatographic separation extract. Compound I corresponds to physangulide B chloro­form monosolvate, C28H38O7·CHCl3, while compound II is 14α-hy­droxy­ixocarpanolide, C28H40O7. In the two mol­ecular structures, the conformation of the steroid part (rings A, B, C, D) does not differ. In both crystals, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction and form a two-dimensional network parallel to the ac plane. The absolute configuration was determined from X-ray diffraction data.

Physalin B belongs to a family of Physalins that can be isolated from the genus Physalis (Solanaceae). In traditional Chinese Medicine, Physalis angulata L. is frequently used to treat a variety of illnesses such as dermatitis, trachitis, rheumatism, and hepatitis. Physalin B promotes cellular apoptosis and has antitumor, antimalarial, and antimycobacterial activities. Two recent studies evaluated the therapeutic activities of Physalin B in pre-clinical hepatic disease models. In this comment, a brief summary of the most important findings of these two studies is given and discussed.

In Vietnam, Physalis angulata L. is a wild species growing throughout the country that is often used in traditional medicine. The aim of study was to quantify seven major compounds, including phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid) and flavonoids (rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in three aerial parts of P. angulata. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 0.2% ammonium acetate/0.1% formic acid in water and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; detection was at 250 and 300 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.1–0.3 and 0.3–1.0 µg/mL, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze active compounds in P. angulata and may be a useful tool for quality control of this plant.

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) was identified in tomato crops in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2006. Management strategies to control external sources of inoculum are necessary, because chemical control of the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) has not efficiently prevented virus infections and no commercial tomato varieties or hybrids are resistant to this crinivirus. We first evaluated the natural infection rate of some known wild and cultivated ToCV-susceptible hosts and their attractiveness for B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition. Physalis angulata was the most susceptible to natural infection in all six exposures in 2018 and 2019. No plants of Capsicum annuum ‘Dahra’ or Chenopodium album became infected. Solanum melongena ‘Napoli’ had only two infected plants of 60 exposed. Capsicum annuum and Chenopodium album were the least preferred, and Nicotiana tabacum and S. melongena were the most preferred for whitefly oviposition. In addition, from 2016 to 2019, we surveyed different tomato crops and the surrounding vegetation to identify ToCV in weeds and cultivated plants in the region of Sumaré, São Paulo State. Only S. americanum, vila vila (S. sisymbriifolium), and Chenopodium album were found naturally infected, with incidences of 18, 20, and 1.4%, respectively. Finally, we estimated the ToCV titer (U.S. and Brazilian isolates ToCV-FL and ToCV-SP, respectively) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in different ToCV-susceptible host plants and evaluated the relationship between virus acquisition and transmission by B. tabaci MEAM1. The results clearly showed significant differences in ToCV concentrations in the tissues of ToCV-susceptible host plants, which appeared to be influenced by the virus isolate. The concentration of the virus in plant tissues, in turn, directly influenced the ToCV-B. tabaci MEAM1 relationship and subsequent transmission to tomato plants. To minimize or prevent damage from tomato yellowing disease through management of external sources of ToCV, it is necessary to correctly identify potentially important ToCV-susceptible hosts in the vicinity of new plantings.

Background: Exposure to cigarette smoke increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused oxidative stress which could lead to early aging includes vascular aging. Morel berry leaf contained flavonoid works as antioxidant that neutralized ROS. This study aimed to investigate effectivenes of Morel berry (Physalis angulata L.) leaf extract to decrease levels of ROS and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Method: This research was an experimental study with pre test-post test control group design. 16 healthy male rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, 3-4 months, weight 180-200gr were used, divided randomly into two groups. The control group was given aquadest and the treatment group was given Morel berry leaf extract 500 mg/kgBW/day. Continued to 30 minutes exposed to cigarette smoke. ROS and eNOS levels were measured before and after 28 days treatment, using rat ROS ELISA Kit and rat ENOS ELISA Kit respectively. Results: The results showed that the mean ROS levels in the treatment group decreased significantly and was significantly lower than in control group (75.789 + 3.298 vs 91.646 + 1.970; p < 0.001). The mean eNOS levels in the treatment group increased significantly and was significantly higher than control group (8.597 + 0.375 vs 5.957 + 0.329; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that administration of Morel berry leaf extract reduced levels of ROS and increased serum levels of eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

OBJECTIVES: To document traditional antimalarial plants used by Tetun ethnic people in West Timor Indonesia and evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and phytochemicals of several plants that are widely used as oral medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A field study to document antimalarial plants followed by laboratory works to test antiplasmodial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of some selected plants extract were applied. The inhibitory potency of ethanolic extracts of Strychnos ligustrina wood, roots of Calotropis gigantea, Fatuoa pilosa, and Neoalsomitra podagrica, whole plant of Cleome rutidosperma and Physalis angulata, stem barks of Alstonia spectabilis, Alstonia scholaris, Jatropha curcas and Plumeria alba, and leaves of Melia azedarach on the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro were tested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the extracts. RESULTS: The Tetun ethnic people use 50 plant species as antimalarials. P. angulata, J. curcas, and A. spectabilis extracts show strong antiplasmodial activity with IC(50) values of 0.22, 0.22, and 1.23 μg/mL, respectively; N. podagrica, A. scholaris, F. pilosa, and P. alba were moderate antiplasmodials with IC(50) values of 11.60, 15.46, 24.92, and 36.39 μg/mL, respectively; and C. rutidosperma, M. azedarach, S. ligustrina, and C. gigantea were weak antiplasmodials with IC(50) values of 54.25, 63.52, 63.91, and 66.49 μg/mL, respectively. The phytochemicals identification data indicate that these 11 plants contain alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, alcohols, thiols, phenolics, aldehydes, fatty acids, esters, and so forth. CONCLUSION: Plants widely used as antimalarials by the Tetun ethnic people is proven to have antiplasmodial activity.

Background: Physalis angulata have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folklore medicine, in Nigeria. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Physalis angulata and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 200g to 250g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of Physalis angulata and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of glibenclamide). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period. Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of Physalis angulata elevates the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p

Physalis angulata is a medicinal plant with potential to treat several diseases due to the presence of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. The influence of the application of different abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations on the composition of phenolic compounds and gas exchange was evaluated on the Physalis angulata leaves. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil, with potted plants. At 45 days after sowing, the plants were separated into groups and the following treatments were applied: 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 μmol L−1 of ABA. Two days after the treatments application, the gas leaf exchange (liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, mesophilic CO2 concentration and the relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentration and mesophilic CO2 concentration) between 9:00 and 11:00 was measured using an infrared gas analizer (IRGA). Four days after ABA spraying, some plants showed senescence symptoms, and therefore they were collected and taken to the stove until reached a constant dry mass. The total phenolics, caffeic acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic were evaluated in response to the ABA. The ABA application increased the synthesis of total phenolic compounds up to 50 μmol L−1 concentration. The ABA application did not interfere with the caffeic acid synthesis. However, the rutin concentration increased regardless of ABA concentration that was applied and for trans-cinnamic acid, there was an increase up to the concentration of 100 μmol L−1. The ABA application caused stomatal closure and, consequently, the leaf gas exchange of Physalis angulata reduced.

Physalis angulata is an annual herb which has tremendous medicinal uses. The antioxidant activity of the whole plant extract of Physalis angulata was investigated using DPPH radical scavenging acti...

Se informa de la presencia de Physalis angulata como especie naturalizada en cultivos de la Península Ibérica.

Physalis angulata is considered an important crop in Mexico, established for commercial production due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study’s objective was to develop an efficient method for the mass multiplication of P. angulata and cryopreservation of apical meristems by droplet-vitrification. In vitro propagation was given in MS basal culture medium supplemented with 2.22, 4.43, and 6.65 μM 6-Benziladenine (BA) in combination with 2.32, 4.64, and 6.96 μM Kinetin (Kin). Root induction was obtained by dipping shoots in an auxin medium 1.07, 2.68, 5.37, and 8.05 μM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 1.41, 2.85, 5.70, and 8.55 μM Indoleacetic acid (IAA). The plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse. Results showed an efficient proliferation with an offshoot number of 6.57 ± 0.46 with 4.43 µM BA in combination with 2.32 µM Kin. Efficient rooting was obtained with 1.07 µM NAA with an average of 30.51 ± 0.94 roots. For cryopreservation, the effect of dehydration was evaluated by exposing shoot-tips to plant vitrification solution 2 at different times; 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 min were tested before and after immersion to liquid nitrogen, and the highest percentage of regrowth (90%) was observed at 30 min. Experimental micropropagation by shoot proliferation system with cytokinins interaction (BA/Kin), rooting stimulation with auxins (NAA or IAA), successful acclimation, and cryopreservation by the droplet-vitrification procedure of Physalis angulata apical meristems.

A new compound, physalucoside A (1), together with seven withanolides (2-8) and three flavonoids (9-11), were isolated from Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), a medicinal plant native to Vietnam. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses, and chemical reactivity. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were also evaluated. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of P. angulata is due primarily to its withanolide content. This study demonstrates the potential of withanolides as promising candidates for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

The present work aimed to analyze the mineral nutrition of Physalis angulata L. under stress by aluminum in the nutrient solution. The treatments consisted of five different concentrations of aluminum in the nutrient solution (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 mmol L−1) in the AlCl3 form. The plants were exposed to Al for 30 days. Subsequently, nutritional and aluminum analyses were performed on plant tissue. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p

The thioredoxin system plays an important role in cancer cells. Inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has emerged as an effective strategy to selectively target cancer cells. Withangulatin A (WA), a natural product extracted from the whole herb of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), exhibits potent anticancer activity and other diverse pharmacological activities. To improve activity and targeting, we designed and prepared 41 semisynthetic analogues of WA. Biological evaluation indicated that the most promising compound 13a displayed the most significant effect on HT-29 cells (human colon cancer cells) (IC50 = 0.08 μM). A structure-activity relationship study indicated that α,β-unsaturated ketones and ester are necessary groups, allowing 13a to undergo Michael addition reactions with mercaptan and selenol. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirmed that 13a modified selenocysteine 498 (U) residues in the redox centers of TrxR, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Therefore, compound 13a acts as a novel TrxR inhibitor and may be a promising candidate for cancer intervention.

The leaf of Physalis angulata L. is widely used in Ghana by rural and urban dwellers for the treatment of wounds. This study sought to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata L. (PAL). Preliminary phytochemical screening was used to determine the phytochemical constituents in this plant material. Anti-inflammatory activity of extract concentrations at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the rats, were determined by carrageenan-induced foot oedema model in rats. The wound healing activity was studied using the excision wound model in rats with concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10% w/w. The progression and microscopic bedding of wound healing was determined by the periodic assessment of the contraction of excision wounds and histological studies. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the PAL and its pulverized leaves revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, anthracenosides and carbohydrates in the extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract at 100 and 300 mg/kg caused a significant (p

Physalis angulata L. is an exotic fruit of the Solanaceae family, native to the Amazon region, which has been widely introduced across many tropical and subtropical regions (e.g. Central and South America, Africa, India and Pacific islands). Often characterized as a pantropical invasive weed of crops, gardens and plantations, it contains several chemical compounds of biological interest, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The profiles of soluble and insoluble phenolic acids, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of fruits of Physalis angulata were determined in two stages of maturation in order to expand its consumption. The predominant phenolic acids in ripe and green fruits were ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. During maturation, the TPC increased by 9.8%, resulting in a 10.15% higher antioxidant capacity compared to the green fruits. The ripe fruits exhibited values of TPC and antioxidant activity higher than those found in ripe Physalis peruviana, another fruit of the Solanaceae family, which is already consolidated as a highly functional fruit.

Essential oil is a kind of remedy that is originated from various part of plants. One of them is Physalis angulata Linn that is beneficial to human health yet very scarce explored by researchers. In this work, extraction of this herbal essential oils using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is proposed as an alternative greener extraction technique. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of extraction time (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min), liquid-to-solid ratio (ranging from 8 to 16 ml/g) and microwave power (270, 360, 450, 540 and 630 W) on the extraction yield of oil from Physalis angulata Linn. Results showed that the optimum operating condition of MAE of this herb that gave the maximum 21 wt% yield of essential oil was found when extracted in 12 minutes for duration of extraction time using 12 ml/g for liquid-to-solid ratio and 630 W of microwave power. GC-MS results presented the highest constituent of 4,5- Dichloro-ortho-phenylenediamine (24.07 min), Diethyl Phthalate (24.09 min) and Phthalic acid, ethyl 2-pentyl ester (24.09 min) with percentage of 4.10 %. These results demonstrated that Physalis angulata Linn essential oil possess of health beneficial phytocompounds that exhibits as antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-toxic agent.

We employed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the accumulation patterns of physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Physalis angulata and revealed the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Physalis angulata L. is an annual Solanaceae plant with a number of medicinally active compounds. Despite the potential pharmacological benefits of P. angulata, the scarce genomic information regarding this plant has limited the studies on the mechanisms of bioactive compound biosynthesis. To facilitate the basic understanding of the main chemical constituent biosynthesis pathways, we performed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to reveal the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Untargeted metabolome analysis showed that most physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were significantly upregulated. Targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis confirmed variations in the contents of two important representative steroid derivatives (physalins B and G), total flavonoids, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid between MeJA-treated plants and controls. Transcript levels of a few steroid biosynthesis-, flavonoid biosynthesis-, and chlorogenic acid biosynthesis-related genes were upregulated, providing a potential explanation for MeJA-induced active ingredient synthesis in P. angulata. Systematic correlation analysis identified a number of novel candidate genes associated with bioactive compound biosynthesis. These results may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying MeJA-induced active compound accumulation and provide several valuable candidate genes for further functional study.

In Uzbekistan, it is necessary to expand the sources of raw materials for our pharmaceutical industry and thus strengthen the study of plant species to increase our domestic income. Therefore, this article summarizes the phyto chemical composition and physiological activity of the plants Physalis angulata and Physalis alkekengi

El distrito de Los Santos es el mayor productor de tomate industrial de Panamá y en los últimos años se ha registrado hasta 100% de infección con begomovirus (Geminiviridae) en los campos de cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los hospederos alternativos de begomovirus durante la época de cultivo y de barbecho. En la temporada 2016-17 se recolectaron 110 muestras de arvenses sintomáticas y asintomáticas en 10 fincas ubicadas en el distrito de Los Santos, provincia de Los Santos, República de Panamá. La detección de begomovirus se hizo por medio de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) utilizando los cebadores degenerados AVCORE 494 y ACCORE 1048. Del total recolectado, 37 arvenses resultaron positivas pertenecientes a 10 especies y 6 familias. Las especies, en orden descendente, de prevalencia de la infección fueron: Physalis angulata, Mimosa sp. y Amaranthus dubius (100%), Calopogonium mucunoides (78%), Rhynchosia minima (67%), Cleome viscosa (60%), Amaranthus spinosus (50%), Hybanthus attenuatus (50%), Malvastrum americanum (25%) y Malachra alceifolia (17%). Hasta la fecha del estudio, éste era el primer registro para Panamá de las arvenses A. dubius, A. spinosus, C. mucunoides, C. viscosa, H. attenuatus, M. alceifolia, M. americanum y P. angulata como hospederas de begomovirus asociadas al cultivo de tomate industrial en Panamá. Estos resultados nos indican que las arvenses asociadas al cultivo de tomate en el distrito de Los Santos son reservorios de begomovirus durante todo el año.

O camapu ( Physalis angulata L.) pertence a familia Solanaceae, encontra-se distribuida em regioes tropicais e temperada do mundo. Tem se destacado no mercado agroindustrial e apresenta grande potencial farmacologico. A propagacao in vitro e de fundamental importância para a conservacao de especies cujas propriedades medicinais sao forte alvo de pesquisa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das diferentes concentracoes do composto mineral nitrato de amonio e nitrato de potassio na micropropagacao de Physalis angulata L. visando a reducao de custos do meio de cultura MS. O experimento continha cinco tratamentos meio de cultura solido MS completo, MS + ½ NH 4 NO 3 , MS + ½ KNO 3 , MS + ¼ NH 4 NO 3 e MS + ¼ KNO 3 . Cada tratamento era composto por quatro repeticoes com dois frascos, e cada frasco contendo 30 mL de meios de cultura com tres explantes. As avaliacoes ocorreram apos 30 dias da inoculacao para as variaveis, numero de brotacoes, numero de raizes, comprimento do maior broto e da maior raiz, alem do peso medio de massa fresca e massa seca do materia vegetal. Nao ocorreu diferenca significativa para numero de brotos e de raizes, e para peso de massa seca. Para comprimento do maior broto, comprimento da maior raiz e peso da massa fresca, os meios de cultura MS completo, MS + ½ NH 4 NO 3 e ½ KNO 3 foram os mais significativos, respectivamente.

A case study in Indonesia of circular bioeconomy implementation was investigated by managing livestock wastes, especially goat manure (GM), which an excess of its availability may be adverse to the environment. The efficacy of this scenario to control pollution or to increase productivity still needs to be proven. Hence, this research aimed to study the possibility of circular bioeconomy implementation using biotic and abiotic resources in Indonesia under excessive nutrients (GM and mycorrhizal) on P. angulata production. Outdoor factorial container experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design in Central Java, Indonesia. Treatments included four levels of GM (0, 10, 20, 30 g plant−1) and four levels of mycorrhizal (0, 10, 20, 30 g plant−1) applied in the soil with six replications. This case study revealed that the use of mycorrhizal inoculant and GM indicated no significant difference to most of P. angulata’s growth and yield parameters. The implementation of circular bioeconomy through integrated farming of P. angulata was not an instant solution for economic and environmental optimization, but can be considered as a way to tackle environmental problem due to the excessive livestock wastes. The environmental sustainability can be achieved step by step, without hindering farmers’ income.

Physalis angulata L. var. pendula (Rydb.) Waterf. is reported for the first time for the flora of Odisha. A detailed description, nomenclature, phenology and ecology along with photos are provided for its easy identification.

Background: Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) has vitamins that are good for health. There were several genotypes of cutleaf groundcherry that have the potential to be widely cultivation, but information of doses of NPK fertilizer for those genotypes was still limited. The objective of this experiment was to determine the response of cutleaf groundcherry to different rates of NPK fertilizer. Methods: The experiment was conducted May - September 2019 in dry land field. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was genotypes cutleaf groundcherry (PA 01, PA 02 and PA 03) and the second factor was doses of NPK fertilizer (75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 NPK). Conclusion: The increased in doses of NPK fertilizer to 225 kg ha-1 NPK increased nutrient uptake, plant growth and fresh fruit weight for each genotype of cutleaf groundcherry. Meanwhile ascorbic acid content increased with a dose of 150 kg ha-1 NPK, but decreased with increased NPK fertilizer rates. The beta-carotene content with 75 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer was higher than with 150 and 225 kg ha-1 doses. The increase of NPK fertilizer doses otherwise decreases the beta-carotene content for each genotype. Shoot dry weight, fresh fruits weight and ascorbic acid in PA 03 genotype higher than PA 01 and PA 02 genotypes.

This study aimed to determine phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhiza dosages as well as the interaction of both treatments to the physiological character and the yield of ciplukan plants. The experiment was carried out from February to July 2020 on an experimental farm. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design, consisted of two factors. The first factor was the dose of SP-36 fertilizer, containing 36% phosphate (P2O5), and the levels were P0 = 0% dose (0 kg/ha), P1 = 25% dose (75 kg/ha), P2 = 50% dose (150 kg/ha), and P3 = 100% dose (300 kg/ha). The second factor was the mycorrhizal dose, namely M0 = 0 g, M1 = 3 g, M2 = 6 g, and M3 = 9 g (containing 10 spores per 3 g). Each treatment combination was in triplicates. The measurement and observation data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (F-test), followed by Duncan's multiple range test with P-value = 0.05 and regression. The results showed that application of 75 kg/ha dose was equivalent to the application of 300 kg/ha. P uptakes at 75 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha dose of fertilizer were 22,03 ppm and 23,18 ppm, respectively. The plant growth rate was 12,39 g/cm2/week on the application of 75 kg/ha fertilizer and resulted in 14,24 g/cm2/week on 300 kg/ha dose. The mycorrhiza application was significantly different from the root infection at a dose of 6 g, namely 49.177%. There was an interaction between the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and the mycorrhiza on leaf chlorophyll content at a dose of 0% and 3 g mycorrhiza. Keywords: Physalis angulata, mychorrhiza, phospate fertilizer, physiological character and yield

The purpose of this study to determine the anti-diabetic potential of ciplukan herbal ethanol extract (Physalis angulata L) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced alloxan given intraperitoneally and comparing its effectiveness with glibenclamide. This study uses 5 groups namely giving aquadest as normal control, giving alloxan as a negative control, giving alloxan and glibenclamide as a positive control and the ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal with a dose of 150 mg/kg BB and 300 mg/kg BB. Blood glucose measurement performed on day 0 (three days after induction), day 7, and day 14. The results showed that ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal (Physalis angulata L) can lower blood glucose levekls. A dose of 150 mg/kg BB have percentage decrease in blood glucose levels on day 7 and day 14 respectively by 14.1%and 70.5%. dose of 300 mg/kg BB have a percentage decrease in blood glucose levels on day 7 and day 14 respectively by 70.5%.and 69.5%. a dose of 150 mg/kg BB is more effective as an anti-diabetic compared with a dose of 300 mg/kg BB. Ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal (Physalis angulata L) also has an activity to repair damaged pancreatic-β cells in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan.

Physalins are seco-steroids with a variety of pharmacological activities already described. In this study the pharmacological properties of a standardized concentrated ethanolic extract from Physalis angulata (CEEPA), rich in physalins B, D, F and G, were studied in models of pain and inflammation in mice. Inflammatory mediators were measured by radioimmunoassay and Real-Time PCR in mice paws after the CFA stimuli. Systemic administration of CEEPA produced antinociceptive effect on the writhing test and formalin test. In the writhing test, physalins B, D, F and G showed that the antinociceptive effect of CEEPA is more potent than that of these purified compounds. In addition, CEEPA reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in the CFA-induced paw inflammation. Likewise, CEEPA decreased the TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2 paw levels. In conclusion, CEEPA induces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, with improved pharmacological potency relative to pure physalins, associated to modulation of cytokine and cyclooxygenase pathways.

Physalis angulata L. is a plant with great fruit production potential, mainly in family farms, due to its versatility and valuable products such as jellies and juice concentrates. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of two cytokines - i.e., plant growth regulators 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN) -, in association, or not, with auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 2.4-D), on P. angulata multiplication in vitro. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with eighteen treatments and five repetitions, based on factorial arrangement 2 x 5 x 2. Cytokinin sources were used at concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg L-1; in the presence (0.05 mg L-1) or absence of 2.4-D. Explants comprised nodal segments (approximately 1 cm) deriving from Physalis seed germination in vitro. Results indicate that the growth regulator KIN, at 5 mg L-1 concentration and in the absence of auxin 2.4-D, has potential to enable longer shoot length and larger number of internodes. However, the culture medium (MS) without plant growth regulators recorded higher biomass (fresh and dry weight) and increased root rate.

The use of natural products by communities from the Colombian Caribbean region to treat health issues, together with biodiversity and geographical features, constitute a great scenery to develop new therapies based on ethnopharmacological heritage. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of 10 commonly used plants in Colombian folk medicine, evaluating their effect on nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The most active plant was evaluated in vivo using 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema, along with its effect on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro. The extract of Physalis angulata L. calyces showed the highest activity. This extract was fractionated and its dichloromethane fraction (DF) was the most active in vitro, inhibiting the production of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (CCL2). In vivo, DF showed a significant inhibition of ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, with evident reduction of the leukocyte infiltration into tissue. Our results support the ethnopharmacological use of the selected plants in folk medicine. P. angulata dichloromethane fraction represents a promising source of pharmacological compounds with great potential therapeutic use to treat inflammatory illness. Keywords: Folk medicine, Anti-inflammatory, Physalis angulata, Nitric oxide, Macrophages

Physalis angulata is a garden plant that has been widely used as a medicinal plant by the community. This plant contains secondary metabolites that can be used as medicine and nutrition enhancement. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite compounds and their toxicity to the post-larva (PL) survival rate in tiger prawns. This study was conducted in several stages (1). P. angulata extraction using ethanol, (2) P. angulata GCMS test, (3) The identification of the secondary metabolites from P. angulata (4) LC50 test (Lethal Concentration 50) and (5) Data analysis. Based on the results of GCMS analysis, it was indicated that P. angulata contained the secondary metabolite compounds, including phenols, steroids, fatty acids, terpenoids, benzenes, and alkaloids. It is concluded that the compounds contained are presumed to be beneficial for prawn farming development in terms of disease prevention, growth acceleration, and egg quality improvement. Meanwhile, the toxicity test results by using tiger prawn larvae for 48 hours revealed that the safe concentration level used for prawn development by utilizing the cutleaf groundcherry extract was at 13.1 mg/l.AbstrakPhysalis angulata merupakan tumbuhan pekarangan yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat. Tumbuhan ini diduga memiliki metabolit sekunder yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat dan peningkatan nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi senyawa metabolik sekunder dan toksisitasnya terhadap sintasan post larva (PL) udang windu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan (1). Ekstraksi P. angulata dengan menggunakan etanol, (2) Uji GCMS P. angulata, (3) Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dari P. angulata (4) Uji LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) dan (5) Analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis GCMS menunjukkan bahwa P. angulata mengandung metabolit sekunder golongan senyawa antara lain fenol, steroid, asam lemak, terpenoid, benzene dan alkaloid. Senyawa- senyawa yang terkandung tersebut diduga dapat dijadikan sebagai pengembangan budidaya udang pada penanggulangan penyakit, percepatan pertumbuhan dan peningkatan kualitas telur. Sedangkan hasil uji toksisitas dengan menggunakan larva udang windu selama 48 jam menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi aman yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan udang dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak ciplukan dengan konsentrasi 13,1 mg/l.

Physalis angulata Linn. and Physalis micrantha Linn. (Solanaceae) used for different medicinal purposes in Nigeria and other parts of the world were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to determine their phytochemical profiles. Forty five (45) alkaloids, 36 flavonoids, 18 glycosides and 44 phenolic acids were observed in the plants. P. angulata had the highest concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids while P. micarantha had the highest concentration of glycosides. The presence and concentration of these chemicals in these studied species confirm their medicinal and ethno-botanical uses and make them potential sources of raw materials for the pharmaceutical industries.

Objective: This research was to characterize and compare the nutrition, total phenolics (TP) content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all part of Physalis angulata L. extract. Methods: The proximate, minerals, TP content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all parts of physalis, namely, stem bark extract of P. angulata L. (ESC), leaf extract of P. angulata L. (ELC), rind extract of P. angulata L. (ERC), unripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EUF), and ripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EFC), were analyzed. The TP content, total flavonoids (TF), and free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract are studied using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride assay, and 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (LC50) used to measure the toxicity of extract. Results: The physalis leaves extract (ELC) contains the highest total of phenolics (144.4 mg galiic acid equivalent/g), a total of flavonoids (33.33 mg quercetin equivalent/g), and antioxidant activity (96.97 μg/ml) followed by ERC>EFC>EUF>ESC. Based on the level toxicity of LC50, the ripe fruit extract of P. angulata (EFC) (924.18 μg/ml) valued as cytotoxic. Conclusion: The data of nutrition, antioxidant properties, and toxicity of all parts of P. angulata extract provide for functional food product uses.