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Together with the development of professional disciplines in higher education, one of the most important trends is the introduction of research into the teaching and learning process. It allows students to develop their ability to work more deeply and comprehensively with scientific and methodological aids as well as with the legal and regulatory framework being the most essential and relevant to land surveying and cadastral relations. The application of different methodologies to scientific cognition helps to enhance students' research skills and prepare them for possible use in production processes in the future. An artificial land plot being the subject of this study shall be recognized as a land plot after putting into operation, but, based on its definition, continue to have the status of a structure. This fact predetermines its dualistic nature. As a consequence, effective regulation of the legal regime of artificial land plots is impossible without the cumulative impact of legislative norms reflecting the specifics of the relevant sphere of social relations. It is from this that the relevance and timeliness of the study follows.

Background and purpose: One of the most important mechanisms of tissue regeneration is the high functional activity of cells, including proliferation. Currently, there are practically no effective skin cell activators on the pharmaceutical market. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the stimulating effect of spiroconjugated 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine (STT) on the functional activity of fibroblasts. Experimental approach: STT containing ointment for dermal application was made. To assess in vivo effect of the STT a linear wound model in rats was tested. A combination of histological techniques and mechanical testing was employed to estimate the stimulating effect of STT on the functional activity of fibroblasts. Findings/Results: The STT significantly increased the number of fibroblasts as well as the density and order of produced collagen fibers in the dermis during the wound healing process. As a result, a tissue was formed at the site of damage with the structure corresponding to normal skin. In addition, skin functions were restored, in particular mechanically. Conclusion and implications: The results suggested the stimulating effect of the STT on fibroblast activity and demonstrated its potential for skin regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A propagation of ultrawideband electromagnetic pulses (UWB EMPs) through magnetized plasma has been experimentally studied using a "gigantic" coaxial line, which has been developed at IAP RAS for laboratory modeling of ionospheric effects. This coaxial line is 1.4 m in diameter and 10 m in length and is installed inside the chamber of the large-scale Krot plasma device. The line can be filled with rf inductively coupled plasma, magnetized or not. It allows one to explore the propagation of UWB EMPs in plasma along a long path without refraction and divergence and obtain a physical picture of EMP transformation. Under conditions where the duration of the UWB EMP is comparable to the period of electron plasma oscillations (fp−1), the period of cyclotron rotation of electrons (fc−1), or even significantly shorter, a complex of effects of transformation of the waveform and frequency spectrum of the pulse occurs. Without ambient magnetic field, a UWB EMP is distorted due to the effects of the cutoff and frequency dispersion. In dense magnetized plasma, i.e., when fp >> fc, the UWB EMP breaks into two wave packets, the high-frequency one (f > fp) and low-frequency one (f < fc). In rare magnetized plasma (fp << fc), the cyclotron absorption produces a long train of damped oscillations at a frequency close to the cyclotron frequency fc following the UWB EMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of natural reforestation play a crucial role for the preservation of primary coniferous forests and the success of their restoration after catastrophic impacts. The objective of our research was to identify the features of the natural renewal of the main coniferous forest-forming plants under the canopy of stands in the mountains of the Middle Urals, to establish dependencies on the forest type not only the total number of tree saplings, but also its age structure. The research was carried out in the mountainous part of the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) on the eastern macroslope of the Ural Mountains. We studied old-age pine forests, which belong to the 4 most common forest types. The tree saplings were counted into account on 2-4 subplots with a length of 20 meters and a width of 2 meters. It is established that under the canopy of all types of forest there is a different age coniferous saplings, despite significant differences in habitats. The most abundant pine saplings are found in pine forests with Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and the most abundant spruce saplings is found in pine forest with spruce and moss cover.

The adaptive capacity of ecosystems is a key to maintaining ecosystem functions and preserving biodiversity at all levels. The research was carried out in the western Southern Ural low-hill terrains (Russia). We analyzed distributions of above-ground biomass of herb layer species in the primary spruce, long-term secondary birch 20-35-year forests, stable-term secondary 20-year aspen forests. Species abundance distributions (SAD) analysis allowed us to study the species diversity and the species structure of communities, to understand the mechanism of adaptation of the plant community to disturbance and the role of species biodiversity in this process. It became clear that only with sufficient species diversity can SAD be maintained stable, and the adaptive potential and resistance of plant communities to external influences can be preserved. In General, the SAD analysis can be considered useful and informative for studying the adaptation of plant communities. In addition, it is universal and can be applied to any terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. SAD can also help in designing artificial plant communities with increased resilience and high ecosystem functions.

The use of commercial land, land parcels or land in general refers to an objectively complex process being one of the main components of land relations revealing their content. The principle of rational land use acquires its objective character on a basis of clear interaction between technical, technological, natural-biological, socio-economic and environmental components that ensure effectiveness of law of continuous recovery of soil fertility and productivity of agricultural lands. Land use is a process providing implementation of these properties which manifests itself as growth of production.

This article discusses multiple aspects of militarization of life of the Soviet people in the 1920-1930s. The authors explore the reasons for this phenomenon, which lay not only in the foreign environment, and in the domestic politics, but also in the ideological foundations of the totalitarian state and society. Special attention is paid to the role of the Komsomol in the militarization of youth education, participation in the economic, political and social life, attempts of militarization of everyday life and private life in general. The article also reveals the role of the universal military duty and military service in preparation for a young person’s life, the participation of the army in dealing with economic and political problems. Attention is drawn to the militarization of culture and ideological indoctrination of the youth. The article investigates the tragic fate of the inter-war generation. This generation was at the same time the basis for the deployment of a wide social experiment to educate the new man at the heart of aspirations and expectations which would lay the ideas of socialism as a “bright future” of all mankind. These experiments, which began in the years of civil war, turned in many areas of culture: architecture, art, literature. They represent a strange mixture of modernism and Marxism. All these experiments were subordinated to the main goal – the education of the “new man”. Since the inevitability of military confrontation with the “capitalist encirclement”, it seems clear that the militarization of the country’s life is comprehensive.

Prime editing is a rapidly developing method of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. The increasing number of novel PE applications and improved versions demands constant analysis and evaluation. The present review covers the mechanism of prime editing, the optimization of the method and the possible next step in the evolution of CRISPR/Cas9-associated genome editing. The basic components of a prime editing system are a prime editor fusion protein, consisting of nickase and reverse transcriptase, and prime editing guide RNA, consisting of a protospacer, scaffold, primer binding site and reverse transcription template. Some prime editing systems include other parts, such as additional RNA molecules. All of these components were optimized to achieve better efficiency for different target organisms and/or compactization for viral delivery. Insights into prime editing mechanisms allowed us to increase the efficiency by recruiting mismatch repair inhibitors. However, the next step in prime editing evolution requires the incorporation of new mechanisms. Prime editors combined with integrases allow us to combine the precision of prime editing with the target insertion of large, several-kilobase-long DNA fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the goals of higher professional education is to develop generic student competencies across a variety of disciplines that play a crucial role in education and that provide wider opportunities for graduates in finding good jobs and more chance of promotion. In this article a list of generic competencies developed in Russian universities is compared with a similar list developed by a consortium of Russian and European universities (project TUNING-RUSSIA). Then there is a second comparison with a list of competencies taken from the CDIO Syllabus. This comparison indicates the degree of similarity among the lists and the possible convergence among universities all over the world. The results are taken from a survey carried out among Russian employers, academics, and graduates. The survey asked to rate each listed competence by its importance and the degree of achieving goals in the process of the education.

In this contribution, a sufficiently simple, yet realistic model of TB propagation and control is studied in detail. We compute the controlled basic reproduction number R0(uB, uD) for the extended model including the action of two types of controls and analyze the sensitivity of R0(uB, uD) with respect to both controls following the recently devised approach. It is shown that the computed sensitivity coefficients admit a clear epidemiological interpretation and can be used in assessing the efficacy of the respective types of intervention.

The key role in the energy supply efficiency of smart cities is played by the electric power industry. The article provides an overview of the challenges of the electricity market in Europe and Russia and its main trends and directions. Changes in the organizational structure of the market, the role and tasks of each body managing the selected area of activity in the energy market are determined. Particular attention is paid to new opportunities provided to end-users of electricity in the smart cities. The article deals with the use of renewable sources and energy storages in accordance with new strategic programs in the EU and Russia. The research results and forecasts for the development of the electricity market and the use of different primary energy sources are shown. The main areas of development of the electricity market in the European Union and Russia are identified.The conclusion is drawn on the need to develop information systems that meet market changes and the business functions of such systems are determined.

The article studies geological and engineering conditions of the mineral deposits located in cryolithic zone. The demand to study and analyze geological and engineering conditions is justified by safety requirements established to development of the deposits. The article is focused on pebble-phosphate deposit located in Polar Urals. The geological and engineering conditions of this site fall within very severe category, which is connected with endogenetic and exogenic processes of its accumulation. It is the genesis of the deposit that generated the factors that complicate drilling-in conditions, included but not limited to weathering crusts with significant depths and discontinuity, frozen rock mass and its cavernous porosity.

The many recent crises in Belarus are often seen through the prism of democratization, post-communist transition, and nation- and identity-building. As a rule, it is put into the context of the 1989 democratization in Central and Eastern Europe and compared with similar societal mobilization in Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004; 2014), and Kyrgyzstan (2005). This article, however, argues that while these theoretical approaches provide an important explanatory potential, they nevertheless fail to account for informal, hidden, and unstable processes presently unfolding in the Belarusian society, leading to profound change. We argue that, in the vulnerable, unpredictable, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world of today, our knowledge and ability to plan and achieve desirable outcomes are limited in contrast to a largely positivist or interpretivist epistemology of the mainstream theories, which conceive of the world as a closed system. In this article, we offer an alternative explanation of the many crises in Belarus by drawing on the insights of complexity-thinking to suggest that (hidden) transformative change in the country is now irreversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a smart city is aimed at developing technologies and infrastructure based on the use of new technologies, large data centers, smart sensors and automated power grids. As technological advances in control systems increase the efficiency of sensors, users are calling for advances in sensor accuracy, reliability, dynamic characteristics (response time, dynamic linearity etc.), robustness, miniaturization and communication capability. The sensor industry is expected to experience sound growth during the five-year forecast period. It is possible satisfy the growing demand, in particular, by using automated systems of conceptual design of sensors, which can reduce the design time several times. Physical principles of operation of the sensors involved in information measuring and control systems of buildings are quite diverse. In this article, it is proposed to use a modified energy-information method for the conceptual design of sensors, invariant to the physical principle of operation. The possibility of using the operator method for the calculation and study of the dynamic characteristics of the designed elements of control systems of different physical nature is shown. The architecture of the expert system of evaluation of dynamic characteristics of sensitive elements of information-measuring devices of smart home is developed.