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1,126 results on '"Penn State System"'

51. Relaunching the African Pollen Database: Abrupt change in climate and ecosystems

Author

Ivory, Sarah J., Lézine, Anne-Marie, Grimm, Eric, Williams, Jack, Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and ANR-18-BELM-0001,ACCEDE,Abrupt Change in Climate and Ecosystems: Where are the Tipping Points?(2018)

Subjects
Ecology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease_cause, Palynology, Database, Geography, 13. Climate action, Pollen, Africa, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Ecosystem, MESH: Palynologie, Afrique, Base de Donées
Abstract

International audience; Quaternary palynology in AfricaAfrican Pollen Database scientific network

Published
2020

52. Ground-based stratigraphic correlation of the Jura and Knockfarril Hill members of the Murray formation, Gale crater: bridging the Vera Rubin ridge – Glen Torridon divide

Author

Christopher Fedo, Grotzinger, J. P., Bryk, A., Bennett, K., Fox, V., Stein, N., Fraeman, A., Banham, S., Gupta, S., Edgett, K., Gwénaël CARAVACA, House, C., Rivera-Hernandez, F., Sun, V., Vasavada, A., Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Darmouth College [Hanover, New Hampshire], and Lunar & Planetary Institute

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Lithostratigraphic correlation representsa fundamental tool for interpreting the depositionalhistory and stratal architecture in sedimentaryrock successions. On Earth, this is accomplished bymeasuring the thickness and lithologies through a stratigraphicunit at multiple places along and across strike,then linking similar rock types. Across kilometer-scaledistances, such correlations have the potential to notonly connect lithologies, but also identify units thatwere deposited at or near the same time as a single bodyof sediment. Prior to the exploration of Gale crater byCuriosity, this type of correlation had not been possibleon Mars because of the requirement for making groundbasedobservations of the same unit in multiple locations.This paper reports on stratigraphic correlation ofthe Jura and Knockfarril Hill members of the Murrayformation across the Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and GlenTorridon (GT) areas, which are separated by topographic,mineralogic, and spectral boundaries.

Published
2020

53. E. coli 'super-contaminates' narrow ducts fostered by broad run-time distribution

Author

Nuris Figueroa-Morales, Ernesto Altshuler, Anke Lindner, Eric Clément, A. Rivera, Rodrigo Soto, Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Informatics Sciences [Havana] (UCI), and Universidad de Chile

Subjects
Exponential distribution, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Stochastic modelling, Time distribution, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Upstream (networking), Physics - Biological Physics, 010306 general physics, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Dynamics (mechanics), SciAdv r-articles, Mechanics, Fast onset, Applied Sciences and Engineering, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Physical Sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Research Article
Abstract

One striking feature of bacterial motion is their ability to swim upstream along corners and crevices, by leveraging hydrodynamic interactions. This motion through anatomic ducts or medical devices might be at the origin of serious infections. However, it remains unclear how bacteria can maintain persistent upstream motion while exhibiting run-and-tumble dynamics. Here we demonstrate that E. coli can travel upstream in microfluidic devices over distances of 15 millimeters in times as short as 15 minutes. Using a stochastic model relating the run times to the time bacteria spend on surfaces, we quantitatively reproduce the evolution of the contamination profiles when considering a broad distribution of run times. Interestingly, the experimental data cannot be reproduced using the usually accepted exponential distribution of run times. Our study demonstrates that the run-and-tumble statistics determine macroscopic bacterial transport properties. This effect, that we name "super-contamination", could explain the fast onset of some life-threatening medical emergencies., 9 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020

54. Liver Activation of Hepatocellular Nuclear Factor-4α by Small Activating RNA Rescues Dyslipidemia and Improves Metabolic Profile

Author

Ling Peng, Nikos Kostomitsopoulos, Stephanie Dorman, Edmund Wilkes, Joanna Nicholls, Isabella Reccia, Katherine Czysz, John J. Rossi, Vikash Reebye, Pål Sætrom, Nagy A. Habib, Simona Ciriello, Hong-Shiee Lai, Donald A. Tomalia, Pedro R. Cutillas, Robert Habib, Kai-Wen Huang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Imperial College London, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), MiNA Therapeutics Limited, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group [Londres, Royayme-Uni], Barts Cancer Institute [Londres, Royayme-Uni], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Research & Experimental Medicine, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, NAFLD, Internal medicine, Drug Discovery, Ketogenesis, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Science & Technology, oligonucleotides, Chemistry, small activating RNA, Fatty liver, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Lipid metabolism, medicine.disease, HNF4A, 3. Good health, Hepatocyte nuclear factors, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Medicine, Research & Experimental, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, fatty liver disease, Molecular Medicine, nanoparticles, Metabolic syndrome, Steatohepatitis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Lipoprotein
Abstract

International audience; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) culminates in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Because there are no approved pharmacological treatment agents for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD, different signaling pathways are under investigation for drug development with the focus on metabolic pathways. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) is at the center of a complex transcriptional network where its disruption is directly linked to glucose and lipid metabolism. Resetting HNF4A expression in NAFLD is therefore crucial for re-establishing normal liver function. Here, small activating RNA (saRNA) specific for upregulating HNF4A was injected into rats fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Intravenous delivery was carried out using 5-(G 5)-triethanolamine-core pol-yamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. We observed a significant reduction in liver triglyceride, increased high-density lipopro-tein/low-density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL) ratio, and decreased white adipose tissue/body weight ratio, all parameters to suggest that HNF4A-saRNA treatment induced a favorable metabolic profile. Proteomic analysis showed significant regulation of genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid b-oxidation , ketogenesis, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and lipid transport. We demonstrate that HNF4A activation by oligonucleotide therapy may represent a novel single agent for the treatment of NAFLD and insulin resistance.

Published
2020

55. Interplay between fractional quantum Hall liquid and crystal phases at low filling

Author

Thierry Jolicoeur, Arkadiusz Wójs, Songyang Pu, Jainendra K. Jain, Jianyun Zhao, Zheng Wei Zuo, Ajit C. Balram, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, 104 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Filling factor, Density matrix renormalization group, FOS: Physical sciences, Field (mathematics), 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Fractional quantum Hall effect, Thermodynamic limit, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Variational Monte Carlo, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Phase diagram
Abstract

The nature of the state at low Landau-level filling factors has been a longstanding puzzle in the field of the fractional quantum Hall effect. While theoretical calculations suggest that a crystal is favored at filling factors $\nu\lesssim 1/6$, experiments show, at somewhat elevated temperatures, minima in the longitudinal resistance that are associated with fractional quantum Hall effect at $\nu=$ 1/7, 2/11, 2/13, 3/17, 3/19, 1/9, 2/15 and 2/17, which belong to the standard sequences $\nu=n/(6n\pm 1)$ and $\nu=n/(8n\pm 1)$. To address this paradox, we investigate the nature of some of the low-$\nu$ states, specifically $\nu=1/7$, $2/13$, and $1/9$, by variational Monte Carlo, density matrix renormalization group, and exact diagonalization methods. We conclude that in the thermodynamic limit, these are likely to be incompressible fractional quantum Hall liquids, albeit with strong short-range crystalline correlations. This suggests a natural explanation for the experimentally observed behavior and a rich phase diagram that admits, in the low-disorder limit, a multitude of crystal-FQHE liquid transitions as the filling factor is reduced., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, published version

Published
2020

56. How to name those to blame: A practical taxonomical study of the Xanthomonas causing bacterial leaf spot of lettuce has major consequences for the boundaries delimitation of X. hortorum

Author

Morinière, Lucas, Burlet, Alexandre, Rosenthal, Emma, Nesme, Xavier, Portier, Perrine, Bull, Carolee, Lavire, Céline, Fischer-Le Saux, Marion, Bertolla, Franck, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station expérimentale Rhône-Alpes et Information Légumière, SERAIL, Department of Plant pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

International audience; Assessment of the taxonomy and diversity of the Xanthomonas strains causing bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLSL), commonly referred to as X. campestris pv. vitians, has been a long-lasting issue which held back the global efforts made to understand this pathogen. In order to provide a sound basis essential to its study, we conducted a polyphasic approach on a panel of strains obtained through sampling campaigns or acquired from collections. Results of a multilocus sequence analysis combined with phenotypic assays revealed that the pathotype strain of X. campestris pv. vitians does not match the description of the nomenspecies provided by Brown in 1918 [1]. However, LMG 938 = CFBP 8686 does fit this description. Therefore, we propose that LMG 938 = CFBP 8686 replaces LMG 937 = CFBP 2538 as pathotype strain of X. campestris pv. vitians. Then, overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) calculations and crossed-pathogenicity assays on lettuce allowed to validate the nomenclature X. hortorum pv. vitians comb. nov. originally proposed by Vauterin et al. in 1995 [2]. Interestingly, genome-based phylogenies exhibited an evolutionary continuum between closely related species X. hortorum and X. cynarae, confirmed by multiple OGRIs calculations between all the taxonomically relevant members of these two species. Phenotypic profiles characterized with Biolog GEN III microplates did not reveal any stable diagnostic traits legitimizing the distinction into two different species but a strong stable core phenotype. Thus, to be in accordance with nowadays standards in bacterial taxonomy and with respect to the global taxonomical framework of the genus Xanthomonas [3, 4], we propose the new combination of X. hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995 and X. cynarae (Trébaol 2000) Timilsina et al. 2018 into a new X. hortorum comb. nov. This new stable species would allow to integrate new uncharacterized members of X. hortorum isolated over the years on a wide range of host plants, making it a promising model for the study of genomic and ecologic determinants underlying adaptation to host plants. 1. Brown NA. Some bacterial diseases of lettuce. J Agric Res 1918;13:367. 2. Vauterin L, Hoste B, Kersters K, Swings J. Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 1995;45:472-489. 3. Chun J, Oren A, Ventosa A, Christensen H, Arahal DR, et al. Proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;68:461-466. 4. Rosselló-Móra R, Amann R. Past and future species definitions for Bacteria and Archaea. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015;38:209-216.

Published
2020

57. Plasmonic Elastic Capsules as Colorimetric Reversible pH‐Microsensors

Author

Ahmed Alsayed, Remi Dreyfus, Alexandre Teolis, Céline Burel, Bertrand Donnio, Christopher B. Murray, Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-RHODIA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics [University of Pennsylvania] (MEAM), School of Engineering and Applied Science [University of Pennsylvania], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), UMI 3254 (CNRSRhodia/Solvay-University of Pennsylvania), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U.S.A., ponte@seas.upenn.edu, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Donnio, Bertrand, RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Recherches sur les Sciences de la Matière (LRSM), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Dreyfus, Remi

Subjects
[CHIM.INOR] Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Materials science, Nanoparticle, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, plasmonics, Corrosion, Biomaterials, Colloid, General Materials Science, bacteria, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Leakage (electronics), chemistry.chemical_classification, General Chemistry, Polymer, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photobleaching, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], 0104 chemical sciences, microcapsules, chemistry, Colloidal gold, pH-sensors, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], nanoparticles, Colorimetry, Gold, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; There is a crucial need for effective and easily dispersible colloidal microsensors able to detect local pH changes before irreversible damages caused by demineralization, corrosion, or biofilms occur. One class of such microsensors is based on molecular dyes encapsulated or dispersed either in polymer matrices or in liquid systems exhibiting different colors upon pH variations. They are efficient but often rely on sophisticated and costly syntheses, and present significant risks of leakage and photobleaching damages, which is detrimental for mainstream applications. Another approach consists in exploiting the distance-dependent plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles. Still, assembling nanoparticles into dispersible colloidal pH-sensitive sensors remains a challenge. Here, we show how to combine optically active plasmonic gold nanoparticles and pH-responsive thin shells into "plasmocapsules". Upon pH change, plasmocapsules swell or 2 shrink. Concomitantly, the distance between the gold nanoparticles embedded in the polymeric matrix varies, resulting in an unambiguous color change. Billions of micron-size sensors can thus be easily fabricated. They are non-intrusive, reusable, and sense local pH changes. Each plasmocapsule is an independent reversible microsensor over a large pH range. Finally, we demonstrate their potential use for the detection of bacterial growth, thus proving that plasmocapsules are a new class of sensing materials.

Published
2020

58. The completed SDSS-IV extended baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey: geometry and growth from the anisotropic void–galaxy correlation function in the luminous red galaxy sample

Author

Stephanie Escoffier, Kyle S. Dawson, Alex Woodfinden, J. Rich, Mariana Vargas Magaña, J. Bautista, Ashley J. Ross, Seshadri Nadathur, Graziano Rossi, Marie Aubert, Will J. Percival, Joel R. Brownstein, S. Fromenteau, Donald P. Schneider, Héctor Gil-Marín, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (South Korea), Sejong University, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation [Portsmouth] (ICG), University of Portsmouth, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics [Waterloo], Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Utah, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IEEC-CSIC), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Instituto de Matematicas (UNAM), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos [PennState], ANR-16-CE31-0021,eBOSS,Sondes cosmologiques de la gravitation et de l'énergie noire(2016), ANR-11-LABX-0060,OCEVU,Origines, Constituants et EVolution de l'Univers(2011), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Subjects
Cosmological parameter, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmological parameters, FOS: Physical sciences, Large scale structure of Universe, Large-scale structure of universe, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Correlation function (astronomy), Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, observations [Cosmological], 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Cosmological: observations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology observations, Galaxy, Redshift, Baryon, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, astro-ph.CO, Multipole expansion, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an analysis of the anisotropic redshift-space void–galaxy correlation in configuration space using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample. This sample consists of LRGs between redshifts 0.6 and 1.0, combined with the high redshift z > 0.6 tail of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12 CMASS sample. We use a reconstruction method to undo redshift-space distortion (RSD) effects from the galaxy field before applying a watershed void-finding algorithm to remove bias from the void selection. We then perform a joint fit to the multipole moments of the correlation function for the growth rate fσ8 and the geometrical distance ratio DM/DH, finding fσ8(zeff)=0.356±0.079 and DM/DH(zeff)=0.868±0.017 at the effective redshift zeff=0.69 of the sample. The posterior parameter degeneracies are orthogonal to those from galaxy clustering analyses applied to the same data, and the constraint achieved on DM/DH is significantly tighter. In combination with the consensus galaxy BAO and full-shape analyses of the same sample, we obtain fσ8 = 0.447 ± 0.039, DM/rd = 17.48 ± 0.23, and DH/rd = 20.10 ± 0.34. These values are in good agreement with the ΛCDM model predictions and represent reductions in the uncertainties of 13 per cent⁠, 23 per cent⁠, and 28 per cent⁠, respectively, compared to the combined results from galaxy clustering, or an overall reduction of 55 per cent in the allowed volume of parameter space., MA and SE acknowledge support from the French National Research Agency by the eBOSS ANR grant (ANR-16-CE31-0021) and the OCEVU Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0060). GR acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through Grants No. 2017R1E1A1A01077508 and No. 2020R1A2C1005655 funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST), and from the faculty research fund of Sejong University.

Published
2020

59. Background heterogeneity and other uncertainties in estimating urban methane flux: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)

Author

N. V. Balashov, K. J. Davis, N. L. Miles, T. Lauvaux, S. J. Richardson, Z. R. Barkley, T. A. Bonin, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Daytime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Mesoscale meteorology, Flux, Atmospheric model, 010501 environmental sciences, Wind direction, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, Natural gas, Greenhouse gas, 11. Sustainability, Environmental science, business, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

As natural gas extraction and use continues to increase, the need to quantify emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas, has grown. Large discrepancies in Indianapolis CH4 emissions have been observed when comparing inventory, aircraft mass balance, and tower inverse modeling estimates. Four years of continuous CH4 mole fraction observations from a network of nine towers as a part of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) are utilized to investigate four possible reasons for the abovementioned inconsistencies: (1) differences in definition of the city domain, (2) a highly temporally variable and spatially non-uniform CH4 background, (3) temporal variability in CH4 emissions, and (4) CH4 sources that are not accounted for in the inventory. Reducing the Indianapolis urban domain size to be consistent with the inventory domain size decreases the CH4 emission estimation of the inverse modeling methodology by about 35 %, thereby lessening the discrepancy and bringing total city flux within the error range of one of the two inventories. Nevertheless, the inverse modeling estimate still remains about 91 % higher than inventory estimates. Hourly urban background CH4 mole fractions are shown to be spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable. Variability in background mole fractions observed at any given moment and a single location could be up to about 50 ppb depending on a wind direction but decreases substantially when averaged over multiple days. Statistically significant, long-term biases in background mole fractions of 2–5 ppb are found from single-point observations for most wind directions. Boundary layer budget estimates suggest that Indianapolis CH4 emissions did not change significantly when comparing 2014 to 2016. However, it appears that CH4 emissions may follow a diurnal cycle, with daytime emissions (12:00–16:00 LST) approximately twice as large as nighttime emissions (20:00–05:00 LST). We found no evidence for large CH4 point sources that are otherwise missing from the inventories. The data from the towers confirm that the strongest CH4 source in Indianapolis is South Side landfill. Leaks from the natural gas distribution system that were detected with the tower network appeared localized and non-permanent. Our simple atmospheric budget analyses estimate the magnitude of the diffuse natural gas source to be 70 % higher than inventory estimates, but more comprehensive analyses are needed. Long-term averaging, spatially extensive upwind mole fraction observations, mesoscale atmospheric modeling of the regional emissions environment, and careful treatment of the times of day are recommended for precise and accurate quantification of urban CH4 emissions.

Published
2020

60. Indigenous and exogenous organics and surface–atmosphere cycling inferred from carbon and oxygen isotopes at Gale crater

Author

Heather B. Franz, D. W. Ming, Charles Malespin, Daniel P. Glavin, Andrew Steele, J. L. Eigenbrode, P. D. Archer, C. A. Knudson, Paul R. Mahaffy, Sushil K. Atreya, Roger E. Summons, G. Flesch, J. C. Stern, Christopher H. House, E. Raaen, Brad Sutter, Rafael Navarro-González, Christopher R. Webster, Caroline Freissinet, Amy McAdam, J. M. T. Lewis, Maeva Millan, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Jacobs Technology ESCG, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Department of Biology [Washington], Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Astrobiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Interplanetary dust cloud, Meteorite, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Environmental science, Carbonate, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Since landing at Gale crater, Mars, in August 2012, the Curiosity rover has searched for evidence of past habitability, such as organic compounds, which have proved elusive to previous missions. We report results from pyrolysis experiments by Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument, focusing on the isotopic compositions of evolved CO2 and O2, which provide clues to the identities and origins of carbon- and oxygen-bearing phases in surface materials. We find that O2 is enriched in 18O (δ18O about 40‰). Its behaviour reflects the presence of oxychlorine compounds at the Martian surface, common to aeolian and sedimentary deposits. Peak temperatures and isotope ratios (δ18O from −61 ± 4‰ to 64 ± 7‰; δ13C from –25 ± 20‰ to 56 ± 11‰) of evolved CO2 indicate the presence of carbon in multiple phases. We suggest that some organic compounds reflect exogenous input from meteorites and interplanetary dust, while others could derive from in situ formation processes on Mars, such as abiotic photosynthesis or electrochemical reduction of CO2. The observed carbonate abundances could reflect a sink for about 425–640 millibar of atmospheric CO2, while an additional 100–170 millibar could be stored in oxalates formed at the surface. In addition, oxygen isotope ratios of putative carbonates suggest the possibility of widespread cryogenic carbonate formation during a previous era. The pyrolysis experiments of the SAM instrument on board the Curiosity rover reconstruct the origin of organics at Gale crater. Some of them come from meteorites, but others have been formed in situ, with widespread past formation of carbonates via cryogenesis. More than 0.5 bar of CO2 might have precipitated from the atmosphere.

Published
2020

61. 2020 Literature Review on Secondary Sonic Boom

Author

Sparrow, Victor, Riegel, Kim, The Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], supersonic, noise, animal structures, boom, embryonic structures, education, secondary, health care economics and organizations, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; This Forum Acusticumpaper provides a literature review regarding secondary sonic booms as of October 2020.It is hoped that this document will be useful for anyone studying secondary sonic booms in the future

Published
2020
Full Text
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62. Effects of microtopography on absorptive and transport fine root biomass, necromass, production, mortality and decomposition in a coastal freshwater forested wetland, southeastern USA

Author

Ge Sun, Jean-Christophe Domec, Kevan J. Minick, Jordan Luff, Asko Noormets, Bhaskar Mitra, Steven G. McNulty, John S. King, Xuefeng Li, Guofang Miao, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont [Burlington], Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, and US Forest Service

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microtopography, necromass, Wetland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, fine root, Sink (geography), Root mass, Environmental Chemistry, Muck, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, decomposition, Ecology, biomass, 15. Life on land, mortality, 6. Clean water, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, production, Cycling, forested wetland
Abstract

International audience; Forested wetlands are an important carbon (C) sink. Fine roots (diameter

Published
2020

63. Reactivity of Ce(iv) imido compounds with heteroallenes

Author

Carlos Alvarez Lamsfus, Eric J. Schelter, Patrick J. Carroll, Thibault Cheisson, Michael R. Gau, Laurent Maron, Ekaterina Lapsheva, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Trifluoromethyl, Double bond, Metals and Alloys, General Chemistry, Alkali metal, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Reactivity (chemistry), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Abstract

The reactivity of alkali metal capped Ce(iv) imido compounds [M(DME)2][Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]NArF(TriNOx)] (1-M with M = K, Rb, Cs and ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with CO2 and organic isocyanates has been evaluated. 1-Cs reacted with CO2 to yield an organocarbamate complex. Reaction of 1-K and 1-Rb with organic isocyanates yielded organoureate Ce(iv) complexes.

Published
2020

64. Life and death in the Chicxulub impact crater: a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Author

V. Smith, S. Warny, K. Grice, B. Schaefer, M. T. Whalen, J. Vellekoop, E. Chenot, S. P. S. Gulick, I. Arenillas, J. A. Arz, T. Bauersachs, T. Bralower, F. Demory, J. Gattacceca, H. Jones, J. Lofi, C. M. Lowery, J. Morgan, N. B. Nuñez Otaño, J. M. K. O'Keefe, K. O'Malley, F. J. Rodríguez-Tovar, L. Schwark, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Louisiana State University (LSU), Museum of Natural Science, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bassins - Réservoirs - Ressources - U2R UPJV-UNIL 7511 (B2R), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-UniLaSalle, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Organic Geochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Department of Geosciences [Pennsylvania], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Paraná, Earth Science, and Space Systems Engineering [Morehead], Morehead State University (MSU), Departamento de Estratigrafia y Paleontologia, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DGS, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Kiel, Department of Geosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, UniLaSalle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
PETM, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratification (water), Biostratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Bottom water, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Impact crater, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Paleoclimatology, Photic zone, lcsh:TD169-171.8, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, fungi, Paleontology, Biota, 15. Life on land, Fossil record, Paleoenvironment, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximun, Oceanography, Benthic zone, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geology
Abstract

Thermal stress on the biosphere during the extreme warmth of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was most severe at low latitudes, with sea surface temperatures at some localities exceeding the 35 ◦C at which marine organisms experience heat stress. Relatively few equivalent terrestrial sections have been identified, and the response of land plants to this extreme heat is still poorly understood. Here, we present a new record of the PETM from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater that has been identified based on nannofossil biostratigraphy, an acme of the dinoflagellate genus Apectodinium, and a negative carbon isotope excursion. Geochemical and microfossil proxies show that the PETM is marked by elevated TEXH 86-based sea surface temperatures (SSTs) averaging ∼ 37.8 ◦C, an in crease in terrestrial input and surface productivity, salinity stratification, and bottom water anoxia, with biomarkers for green and purple sulfur bacteria indicative of photic zone euxinia in the early part of the event. Pollen and plants spores in this core provide the first PETM floral assemblage described from Mexico, Central America, and the northern Caribbean. The source area was a diverse coastal shrubby tropical forest with a remarkably high abundance of fungal spores, indicating humid conditions. Thus, while seafloor anoxia devastated the benthic marine biota and dinoflagellate assemblages were heat-stressed, the terrestrial plant ecosystem thrived., CENEX (Center for Excellence in Palynology) Endowed Chair Fund, Louisiana State University, Paleontological Society, Australian Research Council DP180100982, Curtin University, IODP-France, FWO 12Z6618N, NERC Natural Environment Research Council NE/P005217/1, National Science Foundation (NSF) 14-50528 1737199 1736951 1737351

Published
2020

65. Computable Measure Theory and Algorithmic Randomness

Author

Mathieu Hoyrup, Jason Rute, Designing the Future of Computational Models (MOCQUA), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Formal Methods (LORIA - FM), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Mathematics [Penn State University], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Penn State System

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-LO]Mathematics [math]/Logic [math.LO], Probability theory, Computer science, Algorithmic randomness, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], ACM: F.: Theory of Computation/F.4: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES/F.4.1: Mathematical Logic/F.4.1.0: Computability theory, Mathematical economics, Measure (mathematics), ACM: F.: Theory of Computation/F.1: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES/F.1.1: Models of Computation/F.1.1.2: Computability theory, Computable analysis, Computable measure theory
Abstract

International audience; We provide a survey of recent results in computable measure and probability theory, from both the perspectives of computable analysis and algorithmic randomness, and discuss the relations between them.

Published
2020

66. The nature of Earth’s first crust

Author

Richard W. Carlson, Marion Garçon, Jonathan O'Neil, J. R. Reimink, Hanika Rizo, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
crust-mantle differentiation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hadean, Archean, Geochemistry, short-lived isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, planet formation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane, geography, Felsic, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental crust, Earth's first crust, Geology, Crust, 15. Life on land, Craton, 13. Climate action, Archean geology
Abstract

International audience; Recycling of crust into the mantle has left only small remnants at Earth’s surface of crust produced within a billion years of Earth formation. Few, if any, of these ancient crustal rocks represent the first crust that existed on Earth. Understanding the nature of the source materials of these ancient rocks and the mechanism of their formation has been the target of decades of geological and geochemical study. This traditional approach has been expanded recently through the ability to simultaneously obtain U-Pb age and initial Hf isotope data for zircons from many of these ancient, generally polymetamorphic, rocks. The addition of information from the short-lived radiometric systems 146Sm-142Nd and 182Hf-182W allows resolution of some of the ambiguities that have clouded the conclusions derived from the long-lived systems. The most apparent of these is clear documentation that Earth experienced major chemical differentiation events within the first tens to hundreds of millions of years of its formation, and that Earth’s most ancient crustal rocks were derived from these differentiated sources, not from primitive undifferentiated mantle. Eoarchean rocks from the North Atlantic Craton and the Anshan Complex of the North China Craton have sources in an incompatible-element-depleted mantle that dates to 4.4-4.5 Ga. Hadean/Eoarchean rocks from two localities in Canada show the importance of remelting of Hadean mafic crust to produce Eoarchean felsic crust. The mafic supracrustal rocks of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt are a possible example of the Hadean mafic basement that is often called upon to serve as the source for the high-silica rocks that define continental crust. Many, but not all, ancient terranes show a shift in the nature of the sources for crustal rocks, and possibly the physical mechanism of crust production, between 3.0-3.6 Ga. This transition may reflect the initiation of modern plate tectonics. Eoarchean/Hadean rocks from some terranes, however, also display compositional characteristics expected for convergent margin volcanism suggesting that at least some convergent margin related magmatism began in the Hadean. The persistence of isotopic variability in 142Nd/144Nd into the mid-Archean, and the eventual reduction in that variability by the end of the Archean, provides new information on the efficiency by which mantle convection recombined the products of Hadean silicate-Earth differentiation. The rate of crust production and recycling in the Hadean/Archean, however, is not resolved by these data beyond the observation that extreme isotopic compositions, such as expected for Hadean evolved, continent-like, crust are not observed in the preserved Eoarchean rock record. The lack of correlation between 142Nd/144Nd and 182W/184W variation in Archean rocks suggests that these two systems track different processes; the Sm-Nd system mantle-crust differentiation while Hf-W is dominated by core formation. The major silicate differentiation controlling Sm/Nd fractionation occurred at ∼4.4 Ga, possibly as a result of the Moon-forming impact, after the extinction of 182Hf.

Published
2019

67. Rio 2.0: revising the Rio scale for SETI detections

Author

Duncan Forgan, Eric J. Korpela, Elisabeth Piotelat, Jill Tarter, Jason T. Wright, Iván Almár, Andrew Siemion, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Center for Exoplanets and Habitable World (CEHW), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Breakthrough Listen Laboratory, SETI Institute, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Department of Astronomy [Berkeley], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Computer science, T-NDAS, 01 natural sciences, Terminology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Rio scale, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), QB Astronomy, Science communication, Set (psychology), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, QB, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Suite, Scale (chemistry), Extraterrestrial intelligence, SETI, science communication, T Technology, Data science, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Extraterrestrial life
Abstract

DHF gratefully acknowledges support from the ECOGAL project, grant agreement 291227, funded by the European Research Council under ERC-2011-ADG. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. The Rio scale is a tool for communicating the significance of a signal to the general public. It assigns scores to signals detected in searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which characterizes both the consequences of a signal and the probability the signal is truly from ETI, in an easily digestible format for laypeople to interpret. In the 17 years since its construction, the number of groups actively conducting searches for evidence of intelligent life beyond the Earth has increased significantly, and theoretical work has established a new suite of observables that are capable of revealing the presence of ETI in a range of astronomical observations. In this paper, we revise the Rio scale, with the aim of (i) achieving consensus across academic disciplines on a scheme for classifying signals potentially indicating the existence of advanced extraterrestrial life, (ii) supplying a pedagogical tool to help inform the public about the process scientists go through to develop an understanding of a signal and (iii) providing a means of calibrating the expectations of the world at large when signals are discussed in the media. We also present (and encourage the SETI community to adopt) a single set of consistent terminology for discussing signals. Postprint

Published
2018

68. The wide utility of rabbits as models of human diseases

Author

Xiang-Peng Kong, Jacques Le Pendu, Selvakumar Subbian, Dennis K. Lanning, Ana M. Lopes, Natalie Ruvoën-Clouet, Katherine L. Knight, Joana Abrantes, Javier González-Gallego, Xuwen Peng, Lbachir BenMohamed, Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro, Michael Vaine, Lorenzo Giacani, Rose G. Mage, Neil D. Christensen, Wessel van der Loo, Shuying Liu, Pedro J. Esteves, María J. Tuñón, Fabiana Neves, Masmudur M. Rahman, Yuxing Chen, Hanna Mari Baldauf, Ana Lemos de Matos, Ruimin Pan, Jia Liu, Laura E. Via, Patrícia de Sousa-Pereira, Jiafen Hu, Shixia Wang, Oliver T. Keppler, Grant McFadden, Shan Lu, Sheila A. Lukehart, Gilla Kaplan, Yukari C. Manabe, CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde - CESPU [Gandra, Portugal], Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute for Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Léon, Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington [Seattle], Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Seattle], Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University [Chicago], Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Regulation of Immune Responses (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 5), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Universidade do Porto-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - ICBAS [Porto, Portugal], Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Public Health Research Institute [Newark] (PHRI), Tubercolosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - NIH (National Institutes of Health), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - ICBAS [Porto, Portugal], and Bernardo, Elizabeth

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.drug_class, Clinical Biochemistry, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Review Article, Disease, Monoclonal antibody, Biochemistry, Virus, Ocular herpes, lcsh:Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rabies vaccine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Immunity, medicine, biology.domesticated_animal, lcsh:QD415-436, Molecular Biology, Myxomatosis, biology, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular Medicine, European rabbit, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to be valuable for the development and testing of therapeutic humanized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, during the last two decades, the use of the European rabbit as an animal model has been increasingly extended to many human diseases. This review documents the continuing wide utility of the rabbit as a reliable disease model for development of therapeutics and vaccines and studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying many human diseases. Examples include syphilis, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, acute hepatic failure and diseases caused by noroviruses, ocular herpes, and papillomaviruses. The use of rabbits for vaccine development studies, which began with Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine in 1881, continues today with targets that include the potentially blinding HSV-1 virus infection and HIV-AIDS. Additionally, two highly fatal viral diseases, rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, affect the European rabbit and provide unique models to understand co-evolution between a vertebrate host and viral pathogens., Infectious disease: A leap forward for disease models Rabbits offer a powerful complement to rodents as a model for studying human immunology, disease pathology, and responses to infectious disease. A review from Pedro Esteves at the University of Porto, Portugal, Rose Mage of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, USA and colleagues highlights some of the areas of research where rabbits offer an edge over rats and mice. Rabbits have a particularly sophisticated adaptive immune system, which could provide useful insights into human biology and produce valuable research and clinical reagents. They are also excellent models for studying - infectious diseases such as syphilis and tuberculosis, which produce pathology that closely resembles that of human patients. Rabbit-specific infections such as myxomatosis are giving researchers insights into how pathogens and hosts can shape each other’s evolution.

Published
2018

69. Global well-posedness and long-time dynamics for a higher order quasi-geostrophic type equation

Author

Francesco Fanelli, Francesco De Anna, Penn State University Math department (PENN STATE UNIVERSITY), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équations aux dérivées partielles, analyse (EDPA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon, ANR-10-LABX-0070,MILYON,Community of mathematics and fundamental computer science in Lyon(2010), and ANR-16-CE40-0027,BORDS,Bords, oscillations et couches limites dans les systèmes différentiels(2016)

Subjects
decay estimates, 2010 Mathematics Subject Classication: 35Q35 (primary), 35K25, 35B65, 35B40, 35Q86 (secondary), Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, Structure (category theory), BD-entropy structure, Space (mathematics), global well-posedness, 01 natural sciences, Quasi-geostrophic equation, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Uniqueness, Limit (mathematics), 0101 mathematics, Remainder, Mathematics, Omega equation, energy estimates, 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Zero (complex analysis), long- time behaviour, 010101 applied mathematics, Analysis, Geostrophic wind, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract

In this paper we study a higher order viscous quasi-geostrophic type equation. This equation was derived in [11] as the limit dynamics of a singularly perturbed Navier-Stokes-Korteweg system with Coriolis force, when the Mach, Rossby and Weber numbers go to zero at the same rate. The scope of the present paper is twofold. First of all, we investigate well-posedness of such a model on the whole space $\R^2$: we prove that it is well-posed in $H^s$ for any $s\geq3$, globally in time. Interestingly enough, we show that this equation owns two levels of energy estimates, for which one gets existence and uniqueness of weak solutions with different regularities (namely, $H^3$ and $H^4$ regularities); this fact can be viewed as a remainder of the so called BD-entropy structure of the original system. In the second part of the paper we investigate the long-time behaviour of these solutions. We show that they converge to the solution of the corresponding linear parabolic type equation, with same initial datum and external force. Our proof is based on dispersive estimates both for the solutions to the linear and non-linear problems., Submitted

Published
2018

70. Artificial two-dimensional polar metal at room temperature

Author

Padraic Shafer, Philip Ryan, Paul Thompson, Mikhail Kareev, Se Young Park, Sergey M. Nikitin, Yakun Yuan, Alpha T. N'Diaye, Zhen Wang, Enno Arenholz, Yanwei Cao, Xiaoran Liu, Karin M. Rabe, Srimanta Middey, Venkatraman Gopalan, Hirofumi Akamatsu, Derek Meyers, J. Chakhalain, Yimei Zhu, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Louisiana State University (LSU), Department of Physics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Materials Research Institute (MRI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Physics Department [Fayetteville], University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Advanced Photon Source [ANL] (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL)-University of Chicago-US Department of Energy, Advanced Light Source [LBNL Berkeley] (ALS), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL)

Subjects
Materials science, Science, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, FERROELECTRICITY, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, THIN-FILMS, 0103 physical sciences, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, HETEROSTRUCTURES, SUPERCONDUCTOR, 010306 general physics, lcsh:Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed matter physics, SUPERLATTICES, PHASE-DIAGRAM, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Charge density, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, POLARIZATION ENHANCEMENT, Polarization density, BATIO3, Ferromagnetism, Polar, lcsh:Q, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, cond-mat.str-el, 0210 nano-technology, TRANSITION
Abstract

Polar metals, commonly defined by the coexistence of polar crystal structure and metallicity, are thought to be scarce because the long-range electrostatic fields favoring the polar structure are expected to be fully screened by the conduction electrons of a metal. Moreover, reducing from three to two dimensions, it remains an open question whether a polar metal can exist. Here we report on the realization of a room temperature two-dimensional polar metal of the B-site type in tri-color (tri-layer) superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3/LaTiO3. A combination of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy-loss spectroscopy, optical second harmonic generation, electrical transport, and first-principles calculations have revealed the microscopic mechanisms of periodic electric polarization, charge distribution, and orbital symmetry. Our results provide a route to creating all-oxide artificial non-centrosymmetric quasi-two-dimensional metals with exotic quantum states including coexisting ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and superconducting phases., Materials that combine metallic behaviour with stable electric polarization are scarce despite being proposed in the 1960s. Here the authors engineer a perovskite heterostructure where 2D polar metallic behavior coexists with built-in electric polarization from the displacement of B-site titanium cations.

Published
2018

71. Hydrology and microtopography control carbon dynamics in wetlands: Implications in partitioning ecosystem respiration in a coastal plain forested wetland

Author

Carl C. Trettin, John S. King, Steve McNulty, Asko Noormets, Ge Sun, Jean-Christophe Domec, Montserrat Fuentes, Guofang Miao, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois System, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], North Carolina State University, Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, Water table, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microtopography, Eddy covariance, hydrology, Wetland, 01 natural sciences, Hydrology (agriculture), eddy covariance flux, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, chamber flux, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Water level, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration, forested wetland, Agronomy and Crop Science, respiration, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Wetlands store a disproportionately large fraction of organic carbon relative to their areal coverage, and thus play an important role in global climate mitigation. As destabilization of these stores through land use or environmental change represents a significant climate feedback, it is important to understand the functional regulation of respiratory processes that catabolize them. In this study, we established an eddy covariance flux tower project in a coastal plain forested wetland in North Carolina, USA, and measured total ecosystem respiration (R-e) over three years (2009-2011). We evaluated the magnitude and variability of three respiration components-belowground (R-s), coarse woody debris (R-CWD), and aboveground plant (R-asp) respiration at the ecosystem scale, by accounting microtopographic variation for upscaling and constraining the mass balance with R-e. Strong hydrologic control was detected for 12, and R-CWD,, whereas R-asp and R-e were relatively insensitive to water table fluctuations. In a relatively dry year (2010), this forested wetland respired a total of about 2000 g CO2-C m(-2)y(-1) annually, 51% as R-s, 37% as R-agp, and 12% as R-CWD. During non-flooded periods R-s contributed up to 57% of R-e and during flooded periods R-asp contributed up to 69%. The contribution of R-e to R-e increased by 2.4% for every cm of decrease in water level at intermediate water table level, and was nearly constant when flooded or when the water level more than 15 cm below ground. The contrasting sensitivity of different respiration components highlights the need for explicit consideration of this dynamic in ecosystem and Earth System Models.

Published
2017

72. Effects of land-use change and drought on decadal evapotranspiration and water balance of natural and managed forested wetlands along the southeastern US lower coastal plain

Author

Ge Sun, Kevan J. Minick, John S. King, Steve McNulty, Asko Noormets, Maricar Aguilos, Bhaskar Mitra, Michael Gavazzi, Yun Yang, Jean-Christophe Domec, Prajaya Prajapati, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Texas A&M University System, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Forest Service, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and Texas A&M University [College Station]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, Chronosequence, Coastal plain forest, Eddy covariance, Wetland, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, Hydrology (agriculture), Evapotranspiration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Forested wetlands, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Managed forests, Drought, Forestry, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Forested wetlands are important in regulating regional hydrology and climate. However, long-term studies on the hydrologic impacts of converting natural forested wetlands to pine plantations are rare for the southern US. From 2005-2018, we quantified water cycling in two post-harvest and newly-planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations (YP2-7, 2-7 yrs old; YP2-8, 2-8 yrs old), a rotation-age loblolly pine plantation (MP, 15-28 yrs old), and a natural bottomland hardwood forest (BHF, > 100 yrs old) along the lower coastal plain of North Carolina. We quantified the differences in inter-annual and seasonal water balance and trends of evapotranspiration (ET) using eddy covariance over 37 site-years and assessed key climatic and biological drivers of ET. We found that the rotation-age plantation (MP) had higher annual ET (933 +/- 63 mm) than the younger plantations (776 +/- 74 mm for YP2-7 and 638 +/- 190 mm for YP2-8), and the BHF (743 +/- 172 mm), owing to differences in stand age, canopy cover, and micrometeorology. Chronosequence analysis of the pine sites showed that ET increased with stand age up to 10 years, then gradually stabilized for the remainder of the rotation of 28 - 30 years. YP2-8 was sensitive to water availability, decreasing ET by 30 - 43 % during the extreme 2007 - 2008 drought, but reductions in ET at MP were only 8 - 11 %. Comparing to BHF, ditching with management enhanced drainage at YP2-7 and YP2-8, while drainage was lower at the mature pine site. This study provides insight into land use-hydrology-climate interactions that have important implications for forested wetland management in a time of rapidly changing environmental conditions of the LCP of the southern US.

Published
2021

73. Properties of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Their Interaction with a Metallic Substrate Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Author

Maria Cristina dos Santos, Jérôme Lagoute, Van Dong Pham, Cyril Chacon, Jean-Sébastien Lauret, Mauricio Terrones, Stéphane Campidelli, Amandine Bellec, Yann Girard, Vincent Repain, Sylvie Rousset, Christophe Voisin, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University [Nagano], Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen [Groningen], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Brazilian Agency FAPESP, ANR-10-LABX-0096,SEAM,Science and Engineering for Advanced Materials and devices(2010), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-086 - ANR-11-IDEX-05-02,LabEx SEAM,Science and Engineering for Advanced Materials and devices, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Photophysics and OptoElectronics

Subjects
Nanotube, Materials science, GRAPHITE, PHASE, Selective chemistry of single-walled nanotubes, Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, MOLECULES, NONCOVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION, law, ALKANE, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Local density of states, ATOMIC-STRUCTURE, RECOGNITION, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optical properties of carbon nanotubes, General Energy, Carbon nanobud, PORPHYRIN, TRANSISTORS, BIOSENSORS, Scanning tunneling microscope, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) allows the combination of the remarkable physical properties of these one-dimensional systems with the properties of the functional molecules and, at the same time, modifies the physico-chemical properties of nanotubes for specific applications. The use of functionalized carbon nanotubes in electronics often requires the deposition of the nanotubes on a substrate, and eventually an annealing step, which can modify their properties due to molecule-surface interactions. Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we studied the physical properties of carbon nanotubes functionalized with porphyrin derivatives and discuss the effect of physisorption and sample annealing on the nanotube surface. The results reveal that the functionalized parts exhibit non periodic structure with a significant modification of the local density of states. The coverage degree, can be estimated from STM images. When the sample is annealed, STM data clearly show an unwrapping of the functionalizing species leading to a lowering of the coverage degree. In addition, periodic structures were observed that correspond to the surfactants originally present in the CNT sample, revealing that the surfactants are still present in such functionalized nanotubes. These results provide information on the structure and properties of polymer functionalized nanotubes and the effect of substrate interaction and sample annealing that can markedly modify the structure and properties of the functionalized nanotubes.

Published
2017
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74. A novel type of transient luminous event produced by terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes

Author

Wei Xu, Sebastien Celestin, Victor P. Pasko, Robert A. Marshall, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory [PennState] (CSSL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Physics, Brightness, Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, Atmosphere, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Observatory, Ionization, Thunderstorm, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), discovered in 1994 by the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, are high-energy photon bursts originating in the Earth's atmosphere in association with thunderstorms. In this paper, we demonstrate theoretically that, while TGFs pass through the atmosphere, the large quantities of energetic electrons knocked out by collisions between photons and air molecules generate excited species of neutral and ionized molecules, leading to a significant amount of optical emissions. These emissions represent a novel type of transient luminous events in the vicinity of the cloud tops. We show that this predicted phenomenon illuminates a region with a size notably larger than the TGF source and has detectable levels of brightness. Since the spectroscopic, morphological, and temporal features of this luminous event are closely related with TGFs, corresponding measurements would provide a novel perspective for investigation of TGFs, as well as lightning discharges that produce them.

Published
2017

75. Shear velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of Madagascar derived from surface wave tomography

Author

G. I. Aleqabi, Patrick J. Shore, Gérard Rambolamanana, Michael E. Wysession, Douglas A. Wiens, Tsiriandrimanana Rakotondraibe, Andrew A. Nyblade, E. J. Rindraharisaona, M. J. Pratt, Guilhem Barruol, Fenitra Andriampenomanana, Robert D. Tucker, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut et Observatoire de Géophysique et Astronomie d'Antananarivo, Madagascar (IOGA), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), MACOMO project was provided by NSF award EAR-0838426DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) grant SI1538/2-1, ANR-11-BS56-0013,RHUM-RUM,Imagerie mantellique du point chaud de La Réunion(2011), and Washington University in St Louis

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Volcanism, tomography, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, ambient noise, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Asthenosphere, Madagascar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), surface wave, 14. Life underwater, Shear velocity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ambient noise tomography, Crust, Sedimentary basin, Continental fragment, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Magmatism, Intraplate earthquake, intraplate volcanism, Geology, Seismology
Abstract

International audience; The crust and upper mantle of the Madagascar continental fragment remained largely unexplored until a series of recent broadband seismic experiments. An island-wide deployment of broadband seismic instruments has allowed the first study of phase velocity variations, derived from surface waves, across the entire island. Late Cenozoic alkaline intraplate volcanism has occurred in three separate regions of Madagascar (north, central and southwest), with the north and central volcanism active until

Published
2017

76. Differential proteomics reveals novel insights into Nosema–honey bee interactions

Author

Julia Grassl, Yves Le Conte, Boris Baer, Ryan Dosselli, Robin F. A. Moritz, Per Kryger, Christoph Kurze, Institute for Biology-Molecular Ecology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER) and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building (M316), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER) and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Department of Agroecology/Section of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute for Biology/Molecular Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG SPP 1399 MO373/26-2, Aarhus University, and Department of Zoology and Entomology

Subjects
Proteomics, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], approche protéomique, Bioinformatics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, apis mellifera, Nosema, protéome, Genetics, tolerance, résistance aux parasites, Bees, host-parasite interaction, 3. Good health, coevolution, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Insect Proteins, Apis mellifera, Nosema ceranae, proteome, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, nosema ceranae, Animals, Host-parasite interaction, Molecular Biology, Gene, Host (biology), fungi, Honey bee, nosema apis, biology.organism_classification, interaction hôte parasite, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, coévolution, Insect Science, Adaptation, Tolerance
Abstract

Host-parasite interaction; Apis mellifera; Nosema ceranae; Tolerance; Proteome; Coevolution; Host manipulation is a common strategy by parasites to reduce host defense responses, enhance development, host exploitation, reproduction and, ultimately, transmission success. As these parasitic modifications can reduce host fitness, increased selection pressure may result in reciprocal adaptations of the host. Whereas the majority of studies on host manipulation have explored resistance against parasites (i.e. ability to prevent or limit an infection), data describing tolerance mechanisms (i.e. ability to limit harm of an infection) are scarce. By comparing differential protein abundance, we provide evidence of host-parasite interactions in the midgut proteomes of N. ceranae-infected and uninfected honey bees from both Nosema-tolerant and Nosema-sensitive lineages. We identified 16 proteins out of 661 protein spots that were differentially abundant between experimental groups. In general, infections of Nosema resulted in an up-regulation of the bee's energy metabolism. Additionally, we identified 8 proteins that were differentially abundant between tolerant and sensitive honey bees regardless of the Nosema infection. Those proteins were linked to metabolism, response to oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition to bee proteins, we also identified 3 Nosema ceranae proteins. Interestingly, abundance of two of these Nosema proteins were significantly higher in infected Nosema-sensitive honeybees relative to the infected Nosema-tolerant lineage. This may provide a novel candidate for studying the molecular interplay between N. ceranae and its honey bee host in more detail.

Published
2016

77. Plasmonic elastic capsules as colorimetric reversible pH-microsensors

Author

Burel, C. A. S., Teolis, A., Alsayed, Dr A., Murray, C. B., Bertrand Donnio, Dreyfus, R., Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and Dreyfus, Remi

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

There is a crucial need for effective and easily dispersible colloidal microsensors able to detect local pH changes before irreversible damages caused by demineralization, corrosion, or biofilms occur. One class of such microsensors is based on molecular dyes encapsulated or dispersed either in polymer matrices or in liquid systems exhibiting different colors upon pH variations. They are efficient but often rely on sophisticated and costly syntheses, and present significant risks of leakage and photobleaching damages, which is detrimental for mainstream applications. Another approach consists in exploiting the distance-dependent plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles. Still, assembling nanoparticles into dispersible colloidal pH-sensitive sensors remains a challenge. Here, we show how to combine optically active plasmonic gold nanoparticles and pH-responsive thin shells into "plasmocapsules". Upon pH change, plasmocapsules swell or shrink. Concomitantly, the distance between the gold nanoparticles embedded in the polymeric matrix varies, resulting in an unambiguous color change. Billions of micron-size sensors can thus be easily fabricated. They are non-intrusive, reusable, and sense local pH changes. Each plasmocapsule is an independent reversible microsensor over a large pH range. Finally, we demonstrate their potential use for the detection of bacterial growth, thus proving that plasmocapsules are a new class of sensing materials.

Published
2019

78. The Emergence of Life

Author

Camprubí, E., de Leeuw, J. W., House, C. H., Raulin, F., Russell, M. J., Spang, A., Tirumalai, M. R., Westall, F., Petrology, Organic geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Dept. of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (PENN. STATE UNIV.), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], University of Houston, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Petrology, and Organic geochemistry

Subjects
0303 health sciences, History, Icy moons, RNA world, Emergence of life, Tree of life, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Icy moon, 01 natural sciences, Epistemology, Hadean Earth, 03 medical and health sciences, RNA world hypothesis, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Hydrothermal environments, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The aim of this article is to provide the reader with an overview of the different possible scenarios for the emergence of life, to critically assess them and, according to the conclusions we reach, to analyze whether similar processes could have been conducive to independent origins of life on the several icy moons of the Solar System. Instead of directly proposing a concrete and unequivocal cradle of life on Earth, we focus on describing the different requirements that are arguably needed for the transition between non-life to life. We approach this topic from geological, biological, and chemical perspectives with the aim of providing answers in an integrative manner. We reflect upon the most prominent origins hypotheses and assess whether they match the aforementioned abiogenic requirements. Based on the conclusions extracted, we address whether the conditions for abiogenesis are/were met in any of the oceanic icy moons.

Published
2019

79. A novel sharing information tool using new technologies. Applied to first responders use case

Author

Amokrane, Kahina, Brunet, Jean-Patrick, Dausend, Sandra, Delmas, Serge, IRT SystemX (IRT SystemX), Earth and Mineral Sciences (EMS) Energy Institute, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Cassidian, EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, Airbus Defence and Space, and Airbus Group

Subjects
[SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

80. The first day of the Cenozoic

Author

Gulick, Sean, Bralower, Timothy, Ormö, Jens, Hall, Brendon, Grice, Kliti, Schaefer, Bettina, Lyons, Shelby, Freeman, Katherine, Morgan, Joanna, Artemieva, Natalia, Kaskes, Pim, De Graaff, Sietze, Whalen, Michael, Collins, Gareth, Tikoo, Sonia, Verhagen, Christina, Christeson, Gail, Claeys, Philippe, Coolen, Marco, Goderis, Steven, Goto, Kazuhisa, Grieve, Richard, McCall, Naoma, Osinski, Gordon, Rae, Auriol, Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Vajda, Vivi, Wittmann, Axel, Chenot, Elise, Cockell, Charles S., Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Green, Sophie L., Jones, Heather, Kring, David A., LeBer, Erwan, LOFI, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher M., OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Poelchau, Michael H., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Schmitt, D, Tomioka, Naotaka, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaimie, Long, Xiao, Yamaguchi, Kosei E., Geology and Geochemistry, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Imperial College London, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Universität Hamburg (UHH), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Earth System Sciences, and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Subjects
ONAPING FORMATION, Cretaceous-Paleogene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, GULF-OF-MEXICO, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Window (geology), ASTEROID IMPACT, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, Paleontology, suevite, SUEVITE REVISITED-OBSERVATIONS, CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE BOUNDARY, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, RIES CRATER, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Expedition 364 Scientists, Tsunami, TERTIARY BOUNDARY, Scientific drilling, CHICXULUB IMPACT EVENT, International Ocean Discovery Program, peak ring, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Peak ring, EXTINCTION, PNAS Plus, 13. Climate action, Cretaceous–Paleogene, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chicxulub impact crater, Science & Technology - Other Topics, tsunami, Suevite, Cenozoic, Geology, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) –International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by Additional funding from:The European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) implemented Expedition 364 with funding from the IODP and the ICDP. US participants were supported by the US Science Support Program and National Science Foundation Grants OCE 1737351, OCE 1736826, OCE 1737087, OCE 1737037, OCE 1736951, and OCE 1737199. J.O. was partially supported by Grants ESP2015-65712-C5-1-R and ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. B.S. thanks Curtin University for an Australian Postgraduate Award. J.V.M. was funded by Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/P005217/1. K. Grice thanks Australia Research Council for Grant DP180100982 and Australia New Zealand IODP Consortium for funding. The Vrije Universiteit Brussel group is supported by Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and BELSPO; P.K. is an FWO PhD fellow.

Published
2019

81. Actionable Collaborative Common Operational Picture in Crisis Situation: A Comprehensive Architecture Powered with Social Media Data

Author

Julien Coche, Frederick Benaben, Aurélie Montarnal, Andrea H. Tapia, Centre Génie Industriel (CGI), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Hamideh Afsarmanesh, and Dario Antonelli

Subjects
Situation awareness, Computer science, Process (engineering), 05 social sciences, Crisis management, 050801 communication & media studies, 02 engineering and technology, Work in process, Asset (computer security), Data science, Common operational picture, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, 0508 media and communications, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Metamodel, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Social media, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Situational ethics, Social Media, Natural Language Processing
Abstract

Part 4: Managing Disruption in Collaboration; International audience; Previous works in social media processing during crisis management highlight a paradox: citizens are extensively sharing data from the field of the crisis, while decision-makers are looking for information about the emerging risks they need to address. Several tools already exist to help taking advantage of this new important source of data. However, few made their way to decision-makers, mainly because they remain resource-consuming. That is why the question of a tool, able to process social media in near-real time, to deliver actionable information from the field is still pending. Based on a state of the art of the Natural Language Processing tools and systems dedicated to the use of social media data to improve the situational awareness of the decision-makers, this paper aims to describe a way to provide them with a first comprehensive system which asset is to completely address the challenge, from the collection of the data to their interpretation and understanding and finally offer situational models. In this sense, the paper focuses on the thorough detail of the business and consequent technical challenges that are raised, and a work in progress proposal to address them in a comprehensive manner.

Published
2019

82. Who’s who : Resolving the taxonomy of the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce through a polyphasic approach leads to combine Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995 and Xanthomonas cynarae (Trébaol 2000) Timilsina et al. 2018

Author

Morinière, Lucas, Burlet, Alexandre, Rosenthal, Emma, Nesme, Xavier, Portier, Perrine, Bull, Carolee, Lavire, Céline, Fischer-Le Saux, Marion, Bertolla, Franck, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Station expérimentale Rhône-Alpes et Information Légumière, SERAIL, Department of Plant pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
taxonomy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Xanthomonas hortorum, Xanthomonas cynarae, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

International audience; Assessment of the taxonomy and diversity of the Xanthomonas strains causing bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLSL), commonly referred as Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vitians, has been a long-lasting issue which held back the global efforts made to understand this disease and struggle against the damages it causes in the field. In order to restore sane bases essential to the study of this pathogen, we conducted an extensive polyphasic approach on a panel of strains obtained through sampling campaigns or collection strains acquisitions. Results of a multilocus sequence analysis crossed with pathogenicity assays revealed that BLSL-causing strains formed a monophyletic pathovar sparsely diversified in three clonal groups. However, genome-based phylogenies yielded only two major groups of strains. From the bigger picture perspective, phylogenies exhibited the intermediate position of pathovar vitians between close species X. hortorum and X. cynarae, resulting in a phylogenetic continuum regarding the known diversity of the genus. Finally, whole-genome comparisons of all type, pathotype or representative strains of these two species by multiple overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) calculation endorsed the hypothesis of one single specie. Carbon and nitrogen sources utilization tested using Biolog microplates did not revealed any particular phenotypic differences which would have legitimate the distinction into two species. Therefore, we propose the combination of X. hortorum, X. cynarae and X. campestris pv. vitians into a new X. hortorum comb. nov. with CFBP 4925 T = LMG 937 T remaining the type strain, and LMG 938 neoPT = NCPB 2248 neoPT becoming the pathotype strain of X. hortorum pv. vitians.

Published
2019

83. Promising nutritional strategies to reduce enteric methane emission from ruminants – a meta-analysis

Author

Arndt, Claudia, Hristov, Alexander N., McClelland, Shelby C., Kebreab, Ermias, Oh, Joonpyo, Bannink, André, Bayat, Ali R., Crompton, Les A., Dijkstra, Jan, Eugène, Maguy, Martin, Cécile, Kreuzer, Michael, McGee, Mark, Reynolds, Christopher K., Schwarm, Angela, Shingfield, Kevin J, Yáñez-Ruiz, David R., Yu, Zhongtang, Veneman, J. B., Newbold, C. James, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of California, Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Animal Nutrition Group, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions is important in mitigating the environmental impact of livestock farming. The present meta-analysis examined effects of nutritional mitigation practices on absolute CH4 emissions (g/animal/d) and CH4 yield [g CH4/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] as well as on DMI (kg/d), average daily gain (kg/d), milk production (kg/d), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (%). The database for this analysis consisted of over 400 studies. Only studies that reported statistical variance were included in the analysis (295 studies and 644 treatment mean comparisons). A standard random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out. The effects of the standardized mean difference (SMD) were classified as small (≤-0.2 and >-0.5), medium (≤-0.5 and >-0.8), and large (≤-0.8). Of the analyzed treatments, inclusion of chemical inhibitors, electron sinks, and lipids had a large effect on absolute CH4 emissions (-2.1 ± 0.5, -1.6 ± 0.2, and -1.3 ± 0.2 SMD ± SE, respectively; P 0.15), whereas electron sinks and lipids led to a small decrease in DMI (-0.2 ± 0.1, and -0.4 ± 0.1 SMD ± SE, respectively; P ≤0.01) without affecting animal productivity (P >0.05). Although these nutritional strategies effectively reduced CH4 emissions without compromising animal productivity, their adoption will largely depend on their economic feasibility.

Published
2019

84. GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 2: Block rotations and fault slip rates, fault locking and distributed deformation

Author

Douglas Hernández, Robert McCaffrey, Hélène Lyon-Caen, Manuel Rodriguez Maradiaga, Cécile Lasserre, E. Molina, Beatriz Cosenza Muralles, Vladimir Kostoglodov, A. P. Ellis, Charles DeMets, Jeffrey Rivera, Alejandra Staller, Robert D. Rogers, Basil Tikoff, Marco Guzmán-Speziale, N. E. Lord, Peter LaFemina, Pierre Briole, Omar Flores, Dpt of Geosciences Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geology [Portland], Portland State University [Portland] (PSU), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Centro de Geociencias [Queretaro], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Geofísica, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Universidad Mariano Galvez, California State University [Stanislaus], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Department of Geoscience, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Penn State Department of Geosciences

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Deformation (meteorology), Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earthquake hazard, Block (telecommunications), Global Positioning System, Fault slip, business, Seismic cycle, Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

85. Phenotypic insecticide resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors in Catalonia and its capital Barcelona (Spain)

Author

Silvie Huijben, Nonito Pagès, Carles Aranda, Sandra Talavera, Krijn P. Paaijmans, Roger Eritja, Marco Brustollin, Producció Animal, Sanitat Animal, ISGlobal, Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State System-Penn State System, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Programa Recercaixa 2011, Branco Weiss Fellowship, and Huijben, Silvie

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Veterinary medicine, Viral Diseases, Insecticides, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Vectors, Mosquitoes, Geographical locations, Malalties víriques, Dengue fever, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Multidisciplinary, Résistance aux insecticides, biology, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Medical microbiology, 3. Good health, Insects, Europe, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, Arboviral Infections, S50 - Santé humaine, Viruses, Medicine, Pathogens, Agrochemicals, West Nile virus, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Research Article, Virus diseases, Aedes albopictus, Catalonia, Arthropoda, Culex, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Arbovirus, Microbiology, Ddt, 03 medical and health sciences, Culex pipiens, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, European Union, Transmission des maladies, Aedes, Biology and life sciences, Flaviviruses, Organisms, Viral pathogens, Outbreak, Catalunya, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Microbial pathogens, Barcelona (Catalonia), Species Interactions, Barcelona (Catalunya), 030104 developmental biology, Culicidae, Spain, Vector (epidemiology), People and places, Arboviruses
Abstract

A range of mosquito species that belong to the Culicidae family are responsible for the worldwide transmission of infectious arboviral diseases such as dengue fever, Zika, West Nile fever and Chikungunya fever. Spain is at risk of arbovirus outbreaks, as various arboviral diseases are frequently introduced and it has established competent vector populations. Autochthonous human cases of West Nile virus have been reported infrequently since 2004, and since October 2018 three autochthonous human case of dengue fever have been confirmed. In response to an outbreak of any arboviral disease, space spraying or fogging will be implemented to control adult mosquito populations. To ensure adulticiding is cost-effective, the insecticide susceptibility status of vectors throughout Catalonia, an autonomous region in north-eastern Spain, was assessed through standardized WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays. All Culex pipiens populations tested were resistant to at least one of the pyrethroids tested, whereas Aedes albopictus populations were susceptible to all pyrethroids tested. More detailed studies on the Cx. pipiens populations from the Barcelona area (the capital and largest city of Catalonia) revealed resistance to all four classes of public health insecticides available (pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and organochlorides). All Ae. albopictus populations were susceptible to those classes, except for one of the tests performed with pirimiphos-methyl (an organophosphate). Pyrethroids are currently the first line chemical class to be used in space spray operations in response to an outbreak of an arboviral disease. While pyrethroids can be effective in reducing Ae. albopictus populations, this class may not be effective to control Cx. pipiens populations.

Published
2019

86. Using and Perceiving Emoji in Design Peer Feedback

Author

Na Sun, Elise Lavoué, Chulakorn Aritajati, Aurélien Tabard, Mary Beth Rosson, Situated Interaction, Collaboration, Adaptation and Learning (SICAL), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, Center for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Région Rhône-Alpes Coopera, and Lavoué, Elise

Subjects
[INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], [INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract

International audience; Emoji are often used to express emotions or visually enrich text communications, but little is known about the impact of emoji in peer feedback. We conducted a qualitative study on emoji's roles in peer feedback in a small group collaborative design activity; the activity was conducted entirely online as part of a distance education class. Using content analysis on the feedback peers provided, and thematic analysis on transcribed interviews, we analyzed how emoji are used and perceived in four types of design feedback. Our analysis suggests that emoji increase peers' awareness of affective status, and are also used to mark minor cognitive feedback with a more personal flavor as part of document-based conversations. We found that emoji help to establish a general informality for peer feedback activities. We discuss the implications for the design of collaborative learning software that supports richer peer feedback.

Published
2019

87. Compact polarization beam splitter assisted by subwavelength grating in triple-waveguide directional coupler

Author

Yiheng Wu, Perry Shum Ping, Zhuo Cheng, Yuan Xie, Shuwen Zeng, Tianye Huang, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSE, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Photonique Fibre et Sources Cohérentes (XLIM-PHOT), XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Grating, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Transverse mode, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, law, Duty cycle, Dispersion relation, 0103 physical sciences, Power dividers and directional couplers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Waveguide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is one of the key components for manipulating different polarization states in the areas of optical interconnection and communication. In this paper, a PBS with two coupling regions using a subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide as a bridge is proposed and investigated on a 340-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. The PBS is designed with a triple-waveguide directional coupler consisting of two identical silicon waveguides and an SWG waveguide sandwiched between them. The tailorable dispersion relation of the SWG waveguide offers a flexible design freedom. With the optimized grating period and duty ratio, the input TE mode will experience efficient coupling between the silicon waveguide and the SWG waveguide, while the TM mode can directly pass through without influence. The results show that with a device length of 6.5 μm, the extinction ratios and insertion losses of the two modes are higher than 27 dB and lower than 0.3 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm, respectively.

Published
2019

88. Smooth Duals of Inner Forms of GLn and SLn

Author

Anne-Marie Aubert, Paul Baum, Roger Plymen, Maarten Solleveld, Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu - Paris Rive Gauche (IMJ-PRG), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematics department, Penn State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, affiliation inconnue, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen], and AUBERT, Anne-Marie

Subjects
stratified equivalence, [MATH.MATH-RT]Mathematics [math]/Representation Theory [math.RT], [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-RT] Mathematics [math]/Representation Theory [math.RT], and Phrases: Representation theory, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics::Representation Theory, Bernstein spectrum, Hecke algebras
Abstract

International audience; Let F be a non-archimedean local field. We prove that every Bernstein component in the smooth dual of each inner form of the general linear group GLn(F) is canonically in bijection with the extended quotient for the action, given by Bernstein, of a finite group on a complex torus. For inner forms of SLn(F) we prove that each Bernstein component is canonically in bijection with the associated twisted extended quotient. In both cases, the bijections satisfy naturality properties with respect to the tempered dual, parabolic induction, central character, and the local Langlands correspondence. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20G25, 22E50

Published
2019

89. On Kernel Derivative Approximation with Random Fourier Features

Author

Szabó, Zoltán, Sriperumbudur, Bharath, Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Statistics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and Szabo, Zoltan

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.2.6, MSC: 60E10, 42Bxx, 46E22, Probability (math.PR), G.3, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.OT]Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], [STAT.OT] Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], Machine Learning (cs.LG), [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Statistics - Machine Learning, 60E10, 42Bxx, 46E22, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

Random Fourier features (RFF) represent one of the most popular and wide-spread techniques in machine learning to scale up kernel algorithms. Despite the numerous successful applications of RFFs, unfortunately, quite little is understood theoretically on their optimality and limitations of their performance. Only recently, precise statistical-computational trade-offs have been established for RFFs in the approximation of kernel values, kernel ridge regression, kernel PCA and SVM classification. Our goal is to spark the investigation of optimality of RFF-based approximations in tasks involving not only function values but derivatives, which naturally lead to optimization problems with kernel derivatives. Particularly, in this paper, we focus on the approximation quality of RFFs for kernel derivatives and prove that the existing finite-sample guarantees can be improved exponentially in terms of the domain where they hold, using recent tools from unbounded empirical process theory. Our result implies that the same approximation guarantee is attainable for kernel derivatives using RFF as achieved for kernel values., AISTATS-2019

Published
2019

90. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Hellmann, Matthew, Paz-Ares, Luis, Bernabe Caro, Reyes, Zurawski, Bogdan, Kim, Sang-We, Carcereny Costa, Enric, Park, Keunchil, Alexandru, Aurelia, Lupinacci, Lorena, de La Mora Jimenez, Emmanuel, Sakai, Hiroshi, Albert, Istvan, Vergnenègre, Alain, Peters, Solange, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Barlesi, Fabrice, Reck, Martin, Borghaei, Hossein, Brahmer, Julie, O'Byrne, Kenneth, Geese, William, Bhagavatheeswaran, Prabhu, Rabindran, Sridhar, Kasinathan, Ravi, Nathan, Faith, Ramalingam, Suresh, O’byrne, Kenneth, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute Division of Hematology/Oncology, Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Service de Pathologie respiratoire et allergologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Ono Pharmaceutical

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Lung Neoplasms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, B7-H1 Antigen, law.invention, MESH: Ipilimumab, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Randomized controlled trial, law, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, MESH: B7-H1 Antigen, 030212 general & internal medicine, Response rate (survey), Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, MESH: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Nivolumab, MESH: Survival Analysis, MESH: Nivolumab, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ipilimumab, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, Survival analysis, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, MESH: Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, MESH: Male, respiratory tract diseases, MESH: Lung Neoplasms, Clinical trial, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Abstract

[Background] In an early-phase study involving patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the response rate was better with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with nivolumab monotherapy, particularly among patients with tumors that expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Data are needed to assess the long-term benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with NSCLC., [Methods] In this open-label, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC and a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy. The patients who had a PD-L1 expression level of less than 1% were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. All the patients had received no previous chemotherapy. The primary end point reported here was overall survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as compared with chemotherapy in patients with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more., [Results] Among the patients with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more, the median duration of overall survival was 17.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0 to 20.1) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 14.9 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 16.7) with chemotherapy (P=0.007), with 2-year overall survival rates of 40.0% and 32.8%, respectively. The median duration of response was 23.2 months with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 6.2 months with chemotherapy. The overall survival benefit was also observed in patients with a PD-L1 expression level of less than 1%, with a median duration of 17.2 months (95% CI, 12.8 to 22.0) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 12.2 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 14.3) with chemotherapy. Among all the patients in the trial, the median duration of overall survival was 17.1 months (95% CI, 15.2 to 19.9) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 13.9 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 15.1) with chemotherapy. The percentage of patients with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events in the overall population was 32.8% with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 36.0% with chemotherapy., [Conclusions] First-line treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab resulted in a longer duration of overall survival than did chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC, independent of the PD-L1 expression level. No new safety concerns emerged with longer follow-up. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 227 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02477826. opens in new tab.), Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical.

Published
2019

91. Using δ13C and δ18O to analyze loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) response to experimental drought and fertilization

Author

Ge Sun, Asko Noormets, Jean-Christophe Domec, Wen Lin, John D. Marshall, Jason B. West, John S. King, Steve McNulty, Eric J. Ward, Thomas R. Fox, Marshall A. Laviner, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Shenzhen University Medical School, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), US Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Rayonier Inc., Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, US Forest Service, and Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation

Subjects
alpha-cellulose, 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, δ18O, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Delta C-13, Delta O-18, Plant Science, Oxygen Isotopes, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Dendrochronology, α-cellulose, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), δ13C, iWUE, fungi, food and beverages, Pinus taeda, 15. Life on land, Pinus, Throughfall, Canopy conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, Droughts, Plant Leaves, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Δ18Oc, Environmental science, Allometry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Drought frequency and intensity are projected to increase throughout the southeastern USA, the natural range of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and are expected to have major ecological and economic implications. We analyzed the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions in tree ring cellulose of loblolly pine in a factorial drought (similar to 30% throughfall reduction) and fertilization experiment, supplemented with trunk sap flow, allometry and microclimate data. We then simulated leaf temperature and applied a multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis to interpret the changes in the oxygen isotope data. This analysis found that the observed changes in tree ring cellulose could only be accounted for by inferring a change in the isotopic composition of the source water, indicating that the drought treatment increased the uptake of stored moisture from earlier precipitation events. The drought treatment also increased intrinsic water-use efficiency, but had no effect on growth, indicating that photosynthesis remained relatively unaffected despite 19% decrease in canopy conductance. In contrast, fertilization increased growth, but had no effect on the isotopic composition of tree ring cellulose, indicating that the fertilizer gains in biomass were attributable to greater leaf area and not to changes in leaf-level gas exchange. The multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis explored model behavior under different scenarios, highlighting the importance of explicit consideration of leaf temperature in the oxygen isotope discrimination (Delta O-18(c)) simulation and is expected to expand the inference space of the Delta O-18(c) models for plant ecophysiological studies. Pine Integrated Network: Education, Mitigation, and Adaptation project (PINEMAP); Coordinated Agricultural Project (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture award) [2011-68002-30185]; National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1344703, IOS-1754893]; French Agence Nationale de la rechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-17-ASIE-0007-02, ANR-18-PRIM-0006-09] This research was funded by The Pine Integrated Network: Education, Mitigation, and Adaptation project (PINEMAP), a Coordinated Agricultural Project (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture award 2011-68002-30185), the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-1344703 and NSF-IOS-1754893 to J.-C.D.) and the French Agence Nationale de la recherche (ANR-17-ASIE-0007-02 and ANR-18-PRIM-0006-09 to J.-C.D.). Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Published
2019

92. Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

Author

Michael Kreuzer, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Angela Schwarm, Pierre Noziere, Alexander N. Hristov, Ali R. Bayat, Jan Dijkstra, Pekka Huhtanen, Mark McGee, André Bannink, Ermias Kebreab, K. J. Shingfield, Christopher K. Reynolds, Zhongtang Yu, Les A. Crompton, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Reading (UOR), Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Animal Nutrition Group, University of California, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2014-67003-21979 NH00616-R, Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain) MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Pennsylvania State University, Federal Office for Agriculture (Switzerland), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands, INIA, 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, and BO-43-003.02.004

Subjects
Nitrogen balance, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Biology, nitrogen, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Rumen, Nutrient, Animal science, Ruminant, Genetics, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal nutrition, Animal Husbandry, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Animal Nutrition Sciences, ruminant animal, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, technique, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Manure, Animal Feed, Diervoeding, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, manure, WIAS, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Essential nutrient, environment, metabolism, Food Science
Abstract

Nitrogen is a component of essential nutrients critical for the productivity of ruminants. If excreted in excess, N is also an important environmental pollutant contributing to acid deposition, eutrophication, human respiratory problems, and climate change. The complex microbial metabolic activity in the rumen and the effect on subsequent processes in the intestines and body tissues make the study of N metabolism in ruminants challenging compared with nonruminants. Therefore, using accurate and precise measurement techniques is imperative for obtaining reliable experimental results on N utilization by ruminants and evaluating the environmental impacts of N emission mitigation techniques. Changeover design experiments are as suitable as continuous ones for studying protein metabolism in ruminant animals, except when changes in body weight or carryover effects due to treatment are expected. Adaptation following a dietary change should be allowed for at least 2 (preferably 3) wk, and extended adaptation periods may be required if body pools can temporarily supply the nutrients studied. Dietary protein degradability in the rumen and intestines are feed characteristics determining the primary AA available to the host animal. They can be estimated using in situ, in vitro, or in vivo techniques with each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Accurate, precise, and inexpensive laboratory assays for feed protein availability are still needed. Techniques used for direct determination of rumen microbial protein synthesis are laborious and expensive, and data variability can be unacceptably large; indirect approaches have not shown the level of accuracy required for widespread adoption. Techniques for studying postruminal digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds, urea recycling, and mammary AA metabolism are also laborious, expensive (especially the methods that use isotopes), and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow. Volatile loss of N from feces and particularly urine can be substantial during collection, processing, and analysis of excreta, compromising the accuracy of measurements of total-tract N digestion and body N balance. In studying ruminant N metabolism, nutritionists should consider the longer term fate of manure N as well. Various techniques used to determine the effects of animal nutrition on total N, ammonia- or nitrous oxide-emitting potentials, as well as plant fertilizer value, of manure are available. Overall, methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals. The increasing environmental concerns associated with livestock production systems necessitate more accurate and reliable methods to determine manure N emissions in the context of feed composition and ruminant N metabolism., The authors acknowledge support for preparation of this manuscript by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant/award number: 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, the Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University; the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain, project MIT01-GLOBALNETEEZ); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); and Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004

Published
2019

93. Occupations and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium

Author

Kristina Kjærheim, Dana Hashim, Gwenn Menvielle, Hermann Brenner, Peter Thomson, Prerna Khetan, Diego Serraino, Pagona Lagiou, Carlo La Vecchia, Maria Paula Curado, Mia Hashibe, Lorenzo Richiardi, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Danièle Luce, Wolfgang Ahrens, Joshua E. Muscat, Thomas L. Vaughan, Dana Mates, Isabelle Stücker, Heribert Ramroth, Paolo Boffetta, Victor Wünsch-Filho, David I. Conway, Ana M. B. Menezes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Universidade Federal de Pelotas = Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Turin, Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Glasgow, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), National Institute of Public Health [Romania] (INSP), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), The INHANCE Consortium was supported by NIH grants NCI R03CA113157 and NIDCR R03DE016611. Studies participating in the pooled analysis were supported by: Latin America study: Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCYT) Argentina, IMIM (Barcelona), Fundaco de Amparo a` Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [No 01/01768–2], and European Commission [IC18-CT97–0222]. Sao Paulo: Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (GENCAPO 04/12054–9, 10/51168–0). Western Europe multicenter (ARCAGE): European Community (5th Framework Programme) grant no QLK1-CT-2001-00182. New York multicenter: NY multicenter study: NIH [P01CA068384 K07CA104231]. Central Europe multicenter (INCO): Central Europe study: World Cancer Research Fund and the European Commission INCO-COPERNICUS Program [Contract No. IC15- CT98–0332]. Tampa study: NIH [P01CA068384, K07CA104231, R01DE013158] Germany-Heidelberg: Germany-Heidelberg study: grant No. 01GB9702/3 from the German Ministry of Education and Research. Seattle-Leo: Seattle-LEO study: NIH[R01CA030022]. MSKCC: MSKCC study: NIH [R01CA051845]. Germany-Saarland: Saarland study: Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-Wurttemberg.. France multicenter (ICARE): French National Research Agency (ANR), French National Cancer Institute (INCA), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), French Association for Research on Cancer (ARC), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Fondation de France, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Health, LUCE, Danièle, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Khetan P., Boffetta P., Luce D., Stucker I., Curado M.P., Menezes A., Wunsch-Filho V., Ahrens W., Lagiou P., Serraino D., Richiardi L., Kjaerheim K., Conway D., Thomson P., Muscat J., Mates D., Ramroth H., Menvielle G., Vaughan T.L., Brenner H., Lee Y.-C.A., La Vecchia C., Hashibe M., Hashim D., and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Population, Logistic regression, Article, Pooled, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, education, Cancer, education.field_of_study, Occupation, business.industry, Head and neck cancer, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Confidence interval, Europe, Occupational Diseases, Latin America, Logistic Models, Head and Neck Neoplasms, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Head, Larynx, Neck, Attributable risk, North America, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the associations between head and neck cancer\ud (HNC) risk and occupations. Methods: We harmonized data on occupations\ud in a pooled analysis of 8839 HNC cases and 13,730 controls in International\ud Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. Logistic\ud regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations of\ud occupations and HNC risk. Population attributable fraction (PAF)\ud for occupations was calculated using the formula PEC (OR 1)/OR.1\ud Results: Trend of increasing HNC risk was found with increasing duration\ud of employment for many occupations, including cooks (OR ¼ 1.36; 95%\ud confidence interval [CI] 1.09 to 1.68), cleaners (OR ¼ 1.38; 95% CI 1.13 to\ud 1.69), painters (OR ¼ 1.82; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.35). The PAF for a priori\ud occupations was 14.5% (95% CI 7.1% to 21.9%) for HNC. Conclusions: We\ud found associations between certain occupations and HNC risks, including for\ud subsites, with a duration– response relationship.

Published
2019

94. Shared polygenic risk and causal inferences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Bandres‐Ciga, S, Noyce, AJ, Hemani, G, Nicolas, A, Calvo, A, Mora, G, Arosio, A, Barberis, M, Bartolomei, I, Battistini, S, Benigni, M, Borghero, G, Brunetti, M, Cammarosano, S, Cannas, A, Canosa, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Caredda, C, Carrera, P, Casale, F, Cavallaro, S, Chiò, A, Colletti, T, Conforti, FL, Conte, A, Corrado, L, Costantino, E, D'Alfonso, S, Fasano, A, Femiano, C, Ferrarese, C, Fini, N, Floris, G, Fuda, G, Giannini, F, Grassano, M, Ilardi, A, La Bella, V, Lattante, S, Logroscino, G, Logullo, FO, Loi, D, Lunetta, C, Mancardi, G, Mandich, P, Mandrioli, J, Manera, U, Marangi, G, Marinou, K, Marrali, G, Marrosu, MG, Mazzini, L, Melis, M, Messina, S, Moglia, C, Monsurro, MR, Mosca, L, Occhineri, P, Origone, P, Pani, C, Penco, S, Petrucci, A, Piccirillo, G, Pirisi, A, Pisano, F, Pugliatti, M, Restagno, G, Ricci, C, Rita Murru, M, Riva, N, Sabatelli, M, Salvi, F, Santarelli, M, Sideri, R, Simone, I, Spataro, R, Tanel, R, Tedeschi, G, Tranquilli, S, Tremolizzo, L, Trojsi, F, Volanti, P, Zollino, M, Abramzon, Y, Arepalli, S, Baloh, RH, Bowser, R, Brady, CB, Brice, A, Broach, J, Campbell, RH, Camu, W, Chia, R, Cooper‐Knock, J, Cusi, D, Ding, J, Drepper, C, Drory, VE, Dunckley, TL, Eicher, JD, Faghri, F, Feldman, E, Kay Floeter, M, Fratta, P, Geiger, JT, Gerhard, G, Gibbs, JR, Gibson, SB, Glass, JD, Hardy, J, Harms, MB, Heiman‐Patterson, TD, Hernandez, DG, Jansson, L, Kamel, F, Kirby, J, Kowall, NW, Laaksovirta, H, Landi, F, Le Ber, I, Lumbroso, S, MacGowan, DJL, Maragakis, NJ, Mouzat, K, Murphy, NA, Myllykangas, L, Nalls, MA, Orrell, RW, Ostrow, LW, Pamphlett, R, Pickering‐Brown, S, Pioro, E, Pliner, HA, Pulst, SM, Ravits, JM, Renton, AE, Rivera, A, Robbrecht, W, Rogaeva, E, Rollinson, S, Rothstein, JD, Salvi, E, Scholz, SW, Sendtner, M, Shaw, PJ, Sidle, KC, Simmons, Z, Singleton, AB, Stone, DC, Sulkava, R, Tienari, PJ, Traynor, BJ, Trojanowski, JQ, Troncoso, JC, Van Damme, P, Van Deerlin, VM, Van Den Bosch, L, Zinman, L, Stone, DJ, Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Noyce, Alastair J., Hemani, Gibran, Nicolas, Aude, Calvo, Andrea, Mora, Gabriele, Arosio, Alessandro, Barberis, Marco, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Battistini, Stefania, Benigni, Michele, Borghero, Giuseppe, Brunetti, Maura, Cammarosano, Stefania, Cannas, Antonino, Canosa, Antonio, Capasso, Margherita, Caponnetto, Claudia, Caredda, Carla, Carrera, Paola, Casale, Federico, Cavallaro, Sebastiano, Chiò, Adriano, Colletti, Tiziana, Conforti, Francesca L., Conte, Amelia, Corrado, Lucia, Costantino, Emanuela, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Fasano, Antonio, Femiano, Cinzia, Ferrarese, Carlo, Fini, Nicola, Floris, Gianluca, Fuda, Giuseppe, Giannini, Fabio, Grassano, Maurizio, Ilardi, Antonio, La Bella, Vincenzo, Lattante, Serena, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Logullo, Francesco O., Loi, Daniela, Lunetta, Christian, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Mandich, Paola, Mandrioli, Jessica, Manera, Umberto, Marangi, Giuseppe, Marinou, Kalliopi, Marrali, Giuseppe, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Mazzini, Letizia, Melis, Maurizio, Messina, Sonia, Moglia, Cristina, Monsurro, Maria Rosaria, Mosca, Lorena, Occhineri, Patrizia, Origone, Paola, Pani, Carla, Penco, Silvana, Petrucci, Antonio, Piccirillo, Giovanni, Pirisi, Angelo, Pisano, Fabrizio, Pugliatti, Maura, Restagno, Gabriella, Ricci, Claudia, Rita Murru, Maria, Riva, Nilo, Sabatelli, Mario, Salvi, Fabrizio, Santarelli, Marialuisa, Sideri, Riccardo, Simone, Isabella, Spataro, Rossella, Tanel, Raffaella, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Tranquilli, Stefania, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Trojsi, Francesca, Volanti, Paolo, Zollino, Marcella, Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Arepalli, Sampath, Baloh, Robert H., Bowser, Robert, Brady, Christopher B., Brice, Alexi, Broach, Jame, Campbell, Roy H., Camu, William, Chia, Ruth, Cooper-Knock, John, Cusi, Daniele, Ding, Jinhui, Drepper, Carsten, Drory, Vivian E., Dunckley, Travis L., Eicher, John D., Faghri, Faraz, Feldman, Eva, Kay Floeter, Mary, Fratta, Pietro, Geiger, Joshua T., Gerhard, Glenn, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Gibson, Summer B., Glass, Jonathan D., Hardy, John, Harms, Matthew B., Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Hernandez, Dena G., Jansson, Lilja, Kamel, Freya, Kirby, Janine, Kowall, Neil W., Laaksovirta, Hannu, Landi, Francesco, Le Ber, Isabelle, Lumbroso, Serge, Macgowan, Daniel J. L., Maragakis, Nicholas J., Mouzat, Kevin, Murphy, Natalie A., Myllykangas, Liisa, Nalls, Mike A., Orrell, Richard W., Ostrow, Lyle W., Pamphlett, Roger, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Pioro, Erik, Pliner, Hannah A., Pulst, Stefan M., Ravits, John M., Renton, Alan E., Rivera, Alberto, Robbrecht, Wim, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Rollinson, Sara, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Salvi, Erika, Scholz, Sonja W., Sendtner, Michael, Shaw, Pamela J., Sidle, Katie C., Simmons, Zachary, Singleton, Andrew B., Stone, David C., Sulkava, Raimo, Tienari, Pentti J., Traynor, Bryan J., Trojanowski, John Q., Troncoso, Juan C., Van Damme, Philip, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Zinman, Lorne, Stone, David J., Van Damme, P, Bandres-Ciga, S, Noyce, A, Hemani, G, Nicolas, A, Calvo, A, Mora, G, Tienari, P, Stone, D, Nalls, M, Singleton, A, Chiò, A, Traynor, Bryan, J, Tremolizzo, L, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, Translational neuroradiology unit [Bethesda], National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Bethesda] (NINDS), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Univ Granada, Hosp Univ Granada, Inst Invest Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Escuela Andaluza Salud Publ, Granada, Spain, Partenaires INRAE, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Bristol [Bristol], Département de Physique, Université de Genève, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Department of Neurology, A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità, and IRCAD, Novara, Department of Health Sciences, UPO University, UPO University, Dipartimento di Matematica 'Ulisse Dini', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Neurology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Department of Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Roma] (Unicatt), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Istituto di Genetica Medica, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Ospedale Binaghi, Via Is Guadazzonis 2, Cagliari, Italy, University of Novara, IRCCS-Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), S. Anna Hospital, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University, Roma, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Princeton University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Centre référent Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique [CHRU Montpellier] (SLA CHRU Montpellier), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center [Te Aviv], University of New Haven [Connecticut], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], UCL Institute of neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Disease, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHRU Nîmes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Tanz Center Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases [Toronto], University of Toronto, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milano, Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Metacohorts Consortium, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Helsinki, Merck Research Laboratories, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine [Bethesda] (CNRM), and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Linkage disequilibrium, Multifactorial Inheritance, Multivariate analysis, LD SCORE REGRESSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA, Genome-wide association study, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, PROTECTIVE FACTOR, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, 3. Good health, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, risk factor, BIAS, Neurology, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION, Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis, LD score regression, Mendelian randomization, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, public resource, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Clinical psychology, Human, Clinical Neurology, Biology, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Mendelian Randomization Analysi, MESH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study / methods, Mendolian Randomization Analysis / methods, Exercise, Genetic association, Science & Technology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 3112 Neurosciences, Neurosciences, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS, Causal inference, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Genome-Wide Association Study, ALS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosi
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify shared polygenic risk and causal associations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization were applied in a large-scale, data-driven manner to explore genetic correlations and causal relationships between >700 phenotypic traits and ALS. Exposures consisted of publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASes) summary statistics from MR Base and LD-hub. The outcome data came from the recently published ALS GWAS involving 20,806 cases and 59,804 controls. Multivariate analyses, genetic risk profiling, and Bayesian colocalization analyses were also performed. RESULTS: We have shown, by linkage disequilibrium score regression, that ALS shares polygenic risk genetic factors with a number of traits and conditions, including positive correlations with smoking status and moderate levels of physical activity, and negative correlations with higher cognitive performance, higher educational attainment, and light levels of physical activity. Using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that hyperlipidemia is a causal risk factor for ALS and localized putative functional signals within loci of interest. INTERPRETATION: Here, we have developed a public resource (https://lng-nia.shinyapps.io/mrshiny) which we hope will become a valuable tool for the ALS community, and that will be expanded and updated as new data become available. Shared polygenic risk exists between ALS and educational attainment, physical activity, smoking, and tenseness/restlessness. We also found evidence that elevated low-desnity lipoprotein cholesterol is a causal risk factor for ALS. Future randomized controlled trials should be considered as a proof of causality. Ann Neurol 2019;85:470-481. ispartof: ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY vol:85 issue:4 pages:470-481 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2019

95. Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance

Author

Bart Kruijt, Martin Herold, Christopher M Gough, Andrej Varlagin, Katerina Havrankova, Rainer Steinbrecher, Jan G. P. W. Clevers, Simon Besnard, Lukas Hörtnagl, Martin Jung, Alexander Knohl, Alessandro Cescatti, Asko Noormets, Anders Lindroth, Jiquan Chen, Markus Reichstein, Nina Buchmann, Olivier Roupsard, Caroline Vincke, Beverly E. Law, Sytze de Bruin, Nuno Carvalhais, M. Altaf Arain, Lenka Krupkova, Andrew Black, Ankur R. Desai, Max Planck Society, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), McMaster University, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia (UBC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Commission, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Bioclimatology, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), College of Forestry, Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University [Lund], Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Earth and Life Institute‐Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415, BACI project and the Independent Monitoring Project, NOVA grant UID/AMB/04085/2013, GlobBiomass project., Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Lund University, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Eddy covariance, 01 natural sciences, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, ddc:550, Net ecosystem production, carbon cycle, eddy covariance, net ecosystem production, empirical modelling, forest age, climate, soil properties, General Environmental Science, Abiotic component, Vegetal Biology, Biosphere, Carbon cycle, PE&RC, Agricultural sciences, Physiologie végétale, Forêt, accroissement forestier, modèle empirique, Empirical modelling, ecosystem approaches [EN], F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Aménagement forestier, Forest management, 010603 evolutionary biology, Fertilité du sol, production primaire nette, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Ecosystem, Modélisation environnementale, écosystème forestier, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, empirical modeling, WIMEK, Forest age, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 15. Life on land, Soil properties, eddy covariance, net ecosystem production, Earth sciences, Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, Environmental science, age de la foret, Water Systems and Global Change, Spatial variability, Physical geography, Cycle du carbone, Sciences agricoles, Biologie végétale
Abstract

Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for estimating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) rarely consider forest age as a predictor, which represents variation in physiological processes that can respond differently to environmental drivers, and regrowth following disturbance. Here, we conduct an observational synthesis to empirically determine to what extent climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, forest age and management influence the spatial and interannual variability of forest NEP across 126 forest eddy-covariance flux sites worldwide. The empirical models explained up to 62% and 71% of spatio-temporal and across-site variability of annual NEP, respectively. An investigation of model structures revealed that forest age was a dominant factor of NEP spatio-temporal variability in both space and time at the global scale as compared to abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability, soil characteristics and climate. These findings emphasize the importance of forest age in quantifying spatio-temporal variation in NEP using empirical approaches. ISSN:1748-9326 ISSN:1748-9318

Published
2018

96. Toward Better Understanding of Terrestrial Processes through Long-Term Hydrological Observatories

Author

Timothy S. White, Xin Li, Olivier Bour, Karsten Høgh Jensen, Heye Bogena, Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 2871, 18 Shuang Qing Road Beijing 100085, China (J.L.-Z.) (INSTITUTE OF TIBETAN PLATEAU RESEARCH), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Environmental resource management, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Drainage basin, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, 020801 environmental engineering, Term (time), Earth surface, lcsh:Geology, Hydrology (agriculture), 13. Climate action, Multidisciplinary approach, ddc:550, Special section, Environmental science, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, business, Groundwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Observation of hydrological processes has a long-standing tradition covering various climatic, hydrologic, geologic, and geomorphologic conditions. Hydrological observations are either organized in dedicated observatories focused on hydrology or within larger environmental observatories that address processes from the atmosphere to the groundwater. In this special section, we document hydrological observations currently conducted in long-term hydrological observatories and other multidisciplinary observatories across the world. Besides monitoring basic climatic and hydrological variables, dedicated experiments are performed in many of these observatories. Hydrological observatories have proven to be crucial for the advance of the hydrological and greater Earth surface and environmental sciences. The accrued benefits include the development of integrated hydrological models that consider complex feedbacks between hydrological compartments. It is of utmost importance to increase awareness and knowledge of these infrastructures to optimize exploration of new hypotheses in hydrology and neighboring and allied disciplines. This special section consists of 23 papers documenting hydrological observatories on four continents covering diverse environmental conditions and research aspects of catchment science. We expect that the use of worldwide long-term hydrological observatories across multiple compartments will help to solve important relevant scientific and societal questions.

Published
2018

97. A mechanistic framework for auxin dependent Arabidopsis root hair elongation to low external phosphate

Author

Ranjan Swarup, Meredith T. Hanlon, Darren M. Wells, Bipin K. Pandey, Anja Hartmann, Richard Traini, Ute Voß, Jeonga Yun, Nicola Leftley, Kamal Swarup, Kathleen M. Brown, Malcolm J. Bennett, Nicolaus von Wirén, Jonathan P. Lynch, Teva Vernoux, Anna Stepanova, Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl, Jose M. Alonso, Anthony Bishopp, Liam Dolan, Jekaterina Truskina, Rahul Bhosale, Karin Ljung, Jitender Giri, Afaf Rashed, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Umea Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, HiLIFE - Institute of Biotechnology [Helsinki] (BI), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/G023972/1 BB/R013748/1 BB/L026848/1 BB/M018431/1 BB/PO16855/1 BB/M001806/1 BB/P010520/1, European Research Council FUTUREROOTS Advanced Investigator grant 294729, Leverhulme Trust RPG-2016-409, Royal SocietyWM130021 NA140281, Newton International Fellowship NF140287, British Council Newton Bhabha 228144076, University of Nottingham Future Food Beacon of Excellence Nottingham Research and PhD+ fellowship schemes, Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program, Belgian Science Policy Office P7/29, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), Swedish Research Council (V.R.), University of Nottingham, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and NSF-MCB1158181

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Science, Mutant, General Physics and Astronomy, Organogenesis, Root hair, Root hair elongation, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Auxin, Arabidopsis, heterocyclic compounds, lcsh:Science, Transcription factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, phosphate, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, integumentary system, auxine, plasticité, Lateral root, fungi, food and beverages, General Chemistry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, croissance cellulaire, Cell biology, racine, arabidopsis, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, plante, lcsh:Q, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Phosphate (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Roots employ adaptive mechanisms to forage for P in soil. Root hair elongation is particularly important since P is immobile. Here we report that auxin plays a critical role promoting root hair growth in Arabidopsis in response to low external P. Mutants disrupting auxin synthesis (taa1) and transport (aux1) attenuate the low P root hair response. Conversely, targeting AUX1 expression in lateral root cap and epidermal cells rescues this low P response in aux1. Hence auxin transport from the root apex to differentiation zone promotes auxin-dependent hair response to low P. Low external P results in induction of root hair expressed auxin-inducible transcription factors ARF19, RSL2, and RSL4. Mutants lacking these genes disrupt the low P root hair response. We conclude auxin synthesis, transport and response pathway components play critical roles regulating this low P root adaptive response.

Published
2018

98. Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers

Author

Sandra Binauld, Jean-Marc Frances, Gino Mangiante, Julien Bernard, S. Deng, Aurélia Charlot, Xin Zhou, Etienne Fleury, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
Filler (packaging), Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Surface Properties, Hydrosilylation, Microcrystalline cellulose, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone, Materials Chemistry, Silicone elastomer, Alkyne modification, Propargyl bromide, Cellulose, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biohybrids, Organic Chemistry, food and beverages, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grafting, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Alkynes, Silicone Elastomers, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20 wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers were better if the load of MCC-Alkyne remains low.

Published
2016

99. High-quality graphene via microwave reduction of solution-exfoliated graphene oxide

Author

Hu Young Jeong, Jieun Yang, Raymond Fullon, Jacob Kupferberg, Damien Voiry, Manish Chhowalla, Calvin Lee, Hyeon Suk Shin, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functionnal π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), and Rutgers University System (Rutgers)

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Graphene, Catalyst support, Oxygen evolution, Oxide, Nanotechnology, Graphite oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Exfoliation joint, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Graphite, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Efficient exfoliation of graphite in solutions to obtain high-quality graphene flakes is desirable for printable electronics, catalysis, energy storage, and composites. Graphite oxide with large lateral dimensions has an exfoliation yield of ~100%, but it has not been possible to completely remove the oxygen functional groups so that the reduced form of graphene oxide (GO; reduced form: rGO) remains a highly disordered material. Here we report a simple, rapid method to reduce GO into pristine graphene using 1- to 2-second pulses of microwaves. The desirable structural properties are translated into mobility values of >1000 square centimeters per volt per second in field-effect transistors with microwave-reduced GO (MW-rGO) as the channel material and into particularly high activity for MW-rGO catalyst support toward oxygen evolution reactions.

Published
2016

100. Overfishing and nutrient pollution interact with temperature to disrupt coral reefs down to microbial scales

Author

Stephanie M. Rosales, Rory M. Welsh, Jesse R. Zaneveld, Andrew A. Shantz, Ryan McMinds, Catharine E. Pritchard, Deron E. Burkepile, Corinne Fuchs, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Nathan P. Lemoine, Adrienne M. S. Correa, Jérôme P. Payet, Jeffrey Maynard, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Department of Ecosystem Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of BioSciences, Rice University [Houston], Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Coral, Science, Fisheries, General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Parrotfish, Herbivory, Reef, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Overfishing, Resilience of coral reefs, Ecology, Coral Reefs, Microbiota, fungi, Temperature, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Chemistry, Coral reef, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Anthozoa, Fishery, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Nutrient pollution, Predatory Behavior, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Pollution, geographic locations
Abstract

Losses of corals worldwide emphasize the need to understand what drives reef decline. Stressors such as overfishing and nutrient pollution may reduce resilience of coral reefs by increasing coral–algal competition and reducing coral recruitment, growth and survivorship. Such effects may themselves develop via several mechanisms, including disruption of coral microbiomes. Here we report the results of a 3-year field experiment simulating overfishing and nutrient pollution. These stressors increase turf and macroalgal cover, destabilizing microbiomes, elevating putative pathogen loads, increasing disease more than twofold and increasing mortality up to eightfold. Above-average temperatures exacerbate these effects, further disrupting microbiomes of unhealthy corals and concentrating 80% of mortality in the warmest seasons. Surprisingly, nutrients also increase bacterial opportunism and mortality in corals bitten by parrotfish, turning normal trophic interactions deadly for corals. Thus, overfishing and nutrient pollution impact reefs down to microbial scales, killing corals by sensitizing them to predation, above-average temperatures and bacterial opportunism., Overfishing and nutrient pollution can damage coral reefs in part by increasing coral-algal competition. Here the authors simulate these stressors in a three year field experiment, and show that they interact to enhance sensitivity to temperature, predation and bacterial opportunism.

Published
2016

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