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Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER) is the property of Eurasian Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Unterrichtswissenschaft (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The English for Specific Purpose students assumed that the speaking ability is the most challenging item to learn English because the English learning class and the environment are unsupportive to the students to speak in English. This research aimed to describe whether the peer assessment improves the ESP students' speaking ability or not. Thus, the researchers conducted experimental research by using a peer assessment method to check the improving speaking ability of ESP Students. This research involved 30 second-semester students of Teknik Laboratorium Medis at Universitas Megarezky. The data was analyzed from the assessment, interviews, observation, and field notes during the study. The result showed that the average of students' was 67.3 before applying peer assessment, while the percentage of students' score was 82 after using peer assessment. The speaking ability increased in the post-test after using peer assessment. The peer assessment can improve the speaking ability of ESP students' performances. This study concludes that the implementation of peer-assessment improves the speaking ability performance of ESP students. Although this research proves that peer assessment significantly increases speaking ability, but the next study is urgently needed, especially for ESP students. The researchers suggest tor further analysis to have more peer assessment techniques and apply peer assessment in different ways in ESP students.

In the context of a general renewal of teaching and learning practices in higher education, specific attention is paid to formative assessment and to the exploration of alternative assessment techniques. This paper presents a study carried out at the University of Florence involving around 200 first-year students in a course where such assessment techniques were adopted. The results showed mixed evidence. Regarding peer-assessment validity, statistical analysis gave a fair level of accordance. As for students’ perception, their concerns about peer- and self-assessment emerged, especially because they understand assessment as a summative and not as a formative practice. Implications are discussed, paving the way for possible future research. Valutare non è uno scherzo. Le pratiche alternative di valutazione nel contesto universitario. Nel quadro di un rinnovamento generale delle pratiche di insegnamento e apprendimento universitarie, un’attenzione particolare è rivolta alla valutazione in ottica formativa e all’esplorazione di tecniche di valutazione alternative. Questo articolo presenta uno studio condotto presso l’Università di Firenze che ha coinvolto circa 200 studenti del primo anno in un corso dove sono state utilizzate tali tecniche di valutazione. I risultati mostrano evidenze miste. L’analisi statistica ha fornito un giusto livello di accordo in merito alla validità della valutazione tra pari. Dalle percezioni degli studenti emergono invece resistenze verso la valutazione tra pari e l’autovalutazione, soprattutto perché gli studenti interpretano la valutazione come pratica sommativa e non come azione formativa. Le implicazioni di questi risultati vengono discusse nell’ottica di guidare possibili ricerche future.

Sammendrag I litteraturen om vurdering fremheves gjerne formativ vurdering, på empirisk grunnlag, som spesielt læringsproduktiv. Likevel er formativ vurdering et sjeldent innslag i ingeniørutdanning i Norge. Ingeniørstudenter blir ofte vurdert, men nesten utelukkende med sertifisering og rangering som hovedsiktemål. I denne artikkelen beskrives det nåværende vurderingsregimet og spesielt den omfattende bruken av arbeidskrav. Problemet med den rådende praksis er at den formative vurderingen ikke får den posisjonen den fortjener og studenter, emneansvarlige og institusjoner går glipp av de ikke ubetydelige fordelene som formativ vurdering kan gi. Et konkret undervisningsopplegg med formativ vurdering i fokus beskrives og evalueres.

Copyright of Form@re is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigates variability among raters from different linguistic backgrounds, who evaluated the pragmatic performance of English language learners with varying native languages (L1s) by using both self- and peer-assessments. To this end, written discourse completion task (WDCT) samples of requesting speech acts from 10 participants were collected. Thereafter, the participants were asked to assess their peers' WDCTs before assessing their own samples using the same rating scale. The raters were further asked to provide an explanation for their rating decisions. Findings indicate that there may indeed be a link between a rater's language background and their scoring patterns, although the results regarding peer- and self-assessment are mixed. There are both similarities and differences in the participants' use of pragmatic norms and social rules in evaluating appropriateness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the process of constructive alignment of the content and assessment of a first year university course on Digital Culture. Previous iterations of the course assessed the students using only written assignments, which proved to be problematic. In 2019 the course team decided to revise the assessment tasks in order to align them more closely with the media that the students were studying. We describe our methodology for constructive alignment that begins with a close examination of the learning outcomes (LOs), considers the authentic activities that support these LOs and develops assessment tasks, which are authentic and valid. We also describe how group projects contributed to the course structure and how peer assessment was designed to provide formative feedback to the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into students' peer-feedback beliefs varies both thematically and in approaches and outcomes. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to measure students' beliefs about peer-feedback. Based on the themes in the literature four scales were conceptualised. In separate exploratory (N = 219) and confirmatory (N = 121) studies, the structure of the questionnaire was explored and tested. These analyses confirmed the a priori conceptualised four scales: (1) students' valuation of peer-feedback as an instructional method, (2) students' confidence in the quality and helpfulness of the feedback they provide to a peer, (3) students' confidence in the quality and helpfulness of the feedback they receive from their peers and (4) the extent to which students regard peer-feedback as an important skill. The value of this Beliefs about Peer-Feedback Questionnaire (BPFQ) is discussed both in terms of future research and the practical insights it may offer higher education teaching staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a study conducted in a core Foundations of Mathematics course at Western Oregon University, the authors investigate the thesis that peer-grading helps future elementary and middle school teachers improve their own attitudes about writing and assessing mathematics. Study participants were asked to provide scale responses to a series of questions regarding their perceptions of their ability to write mathematics and to assess written mathematics, before and after the course sequence. Students in the experimental group were asked to do a sequence of scored peer grading exercises during the course, while those in the control group were not. Statistically significant positive changes are noted in a variety of the experimental groups' perceptions, in particular the beliefs that writing about mathematics will help them learn the topic better, that peer-assessment can help them increase their own depth of knowledge about the topic, and that they will eventually become good at writing sentences and paragraphs about mathematics. The full results of the study are presented, along with a representative sample of students' open comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on the second language (L2) speaking assessment has been predominantly concerned with formal proficiency tests. However, with a growing interest in learning-oriented assessment (LOA), more researchers are interested in learner involvement in speaking assessment (Blanche & Merino, 1989; Luoma, 2004; Ocarson, 1989). Self- and peer-assessment of speaking, where learners evaluate the performance of their own and their peers, can be an exemplar of assessment with its primary purpose on learning (Chen, 2006, 2008; Ibersson, 2012; Saito, 2008; Topping & Ehly, 1998). Depending on the purpose, self- and peer-assessment can take various forms: a questionnaire on general speaking ability, a learning log for metacognitive reflection, or a classroom activity where learners use the same rating criteria as their teachers (Bachman & Palmer, 1989; Chen, 2008, Rivers, 2001).

There have been many successful examples of new methodological approaches developed to help students in computer programming courses. Of these approaches, the peer assessment mechanism could be useful in providing students with opportunities to learn from one another, improve their learning experience and reach efficient learning outcomes. The paper presents and analyses an improved system based on the received evaluations of a previously developed web-based programming-assisted environment. This system automatically manages the peer code review process and delivers feedback to peers in a manner that favours the incremental learning of the concepts presented throughout the course. The experimental results are focussed on the impact of this system on students' programming competence, time management capabilities and student engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As class sizes in pharmacy education increase, faculty must develop new assessment strategies for essay writing assignments. This study evaluated accuracy and student perceptions of an innovative grading process that utilizes both peer- and self-assessment. Four SOAP note sessions were evaluated. Each session included four activities: a writing workshop, assessment workshop, and reflection session. For each assessment workshop students scored their note and a blinded peer's note using a grading form, facilitated by a faculty-led discussion. In a subsequent reflection session, students reviewed their peer- and self-assigned grades and could petition for faculty review if desired. The average self-, peer-, and final-grades were compared for each of the four SOAP note sessions using ANOVA. After the fourth session, students completed an anonymous 10-question Likert-scale survey regarding their perceptions of the process and three open-response questions. Survey results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Approximately 140 students participated. No difference was found between the average self-, peer-, and final-grades for all four sessions (p > 0.05). The survey response rate was 65% (91/140). Survey questions were grouped into three themes. The majority of students either strongly agreed or agreed that sessions were well organized and effective (≥84%), assessment workshops enhanced learning (≥68%), and the scoring method was fair (≥72%). The lowest score (mean 2.53 on a 4-point scale) reflected satisfaction with peer-provided feedback. When asked what they liked most, respondents most commonly cited that faculty-led review and discussion enhanced clinical knowledge. The combination of a peer- and self-assessment process was accurate, well-received, and can be used to decrease faculty workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Form@re is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper evaluates the use of peer and self-assessments as part of the learning process of an open ended, essay-based course in a second-year degree engineering module in Brunei Darussalam. The essays were marked using a rubric by the student, a peer, and the lecturer, with students being pre-trained on the use of the rubric prior to the exercise. Comparison of the marks awarded by the different markers (student, peer, lecturer) showed that whilst there might be correlations between different markers (i.e. peer - self; or lecturer - self) for marks on certain sub-sections of the work, there was no overall correlation between marks for this open ended problem. This lack of consistency highlights the subjective nature of marking essay-based work, even with the use of a rubric. Feedback on the students' experiences was obtained using a questionnaire, and most students felt that the peer assessment exercise was a worthwhile activity which aided both their learning and students' motivation to learn. Analysis of student performance in the exam, after the exercise, identified that almost all students did better in the question linked to the exercise than in others, further reinforcing this student view. The poor mark concordance in this study indicates that both techniques are not suitable to quantitatively evaluate student performance, however they had a positive impact on student learning. It is recommended that this approach is incorporated in other open-ended assessments as a form of formative feedback with the provision of adequate tutor and student preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the University of Nottingham peer-assessment was piloted with the objective of assisting students to gain greater understanding of marking criteria so that students may improve their comprehension of, and solutions to, future mathematical tasks. The study resulted in improvement in all four factors of observation, emulation, self-control and self-regulation thus providing evidence of a positive impact on student learning. The pilot involved a large first-year mathematics class who completed a formative piece of coursework prior to a problem class. At the problem class students were trained in the use of marking criteria before anonymously marking peer work. The pilot was evaluated using questionnaires (97 responses) at the beginning and end of the problem class. The questionnaires elicited students' understanding of criteria before and after the task and students' self-efficacy in relation to assessment self-control and self-regulation. The analysis of students' descriptions of the criteria of assessment show that their understanding of the requirements for the task were expanded. After the class, explanation of the method and notation (consistent and correct) were much more present in students' descriptions. Furthermore, 67 per cent of students stated they had specific ideas on how to improve their solutions to problems in the future. Students' self-perceived abilities to self-assess and improve were positively impacted. The pilot gives strong evidence for the use of peer-assessment to develop students' competencies as assessors, both in terms of their understanding of marking criteria and more broadly their ability to self-assess and regulate their learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at investigating the comparative effect of using self-assessment vs. peerassessment on young EFL learners' performance on selective and productive reading tasks. To do so, 56 young learners from among 70 students in four intact classes were selected based on their performance on the A1 Movers Test. Then, the participants were randomly divided into two groups, self-assessment and peer-assessment. The reading section of a second A1 Movers Test was adapted into a reading test containing 20 selective and 20 productive items, and it was used as the pretest and posttest. This adapted test was piloted and its psychometric characteristics were checked. In the self-assessment group, the learners assessed their own performance after each reading task while in the peer-assessment group, the participants checked their friends' performance in pairs. The data were analyzed through repeated-measures two-way ANOVA and MANOVA. The findings indicated that selfassessment and peer-assessment are effective in improving young EFL learners' performance on both selective and productive reading tasks. Further, neither assessment method outdid the other in improving students' performance on either task. These findings have practical implications for EFL teachers and materials developers to use both assessment methods to encourage learners to have better performance on reading tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators sometimes extol the works produced by exemplary students as examples for other students to strive toward. Although the principle behind this technique is to elevate the motivation of underperforming students, previous research shows that it may produce the opposite effect and cause students to disengage from the task, resulting in a discouragement-by-exposure-to-peer-excellence effect. The current study's goals were to examine this effect among traditional and nontraditional college students. Participants were first asked to write a short essay responding to a quote. They then read either poorly-written or exemplary essays purportedly written by their peers. Participants were then asked to evaluate the quality of those essays and to compare their essay to that of their peers. They were then offered the opportunity to write a second essay. The results showed that traditional college students were less likely to write another essay if they had previously evaluated exemplary essays relative to poorly-written essays, replicating the discouragement-by-exposure-to-peer-excellence effect. However, the effect was absent among nontraditional college students. These results suggest that educators should be mindful of the potential consequences of using peer assessment when trying to motivate traditional college students. • Exposure to essays purportedly written by exemplary peers can undermine student motivation. • Traditional but not nontraditional college students were discouraged by exposure to peer excellence. • Differences between traditional and nontraditional students' learning goals and strategies used to cope with challenges could moderate discouragement by exposure to peer excellence. • Educators should be mindful of the potential consequences of using peer assessment to motivate traditional college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effectiveness of self-, peer-, and teacher assessments in assessing EFL students'oral presentations. It also examined consistencies and differences among these three methods of assessment. Students'attitudes towards self-assessment and peer assessment were also investigated. This study is a mixedmethods sequential explanatory research in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Using an adapted rating scale, 60 Iranian students in four advanced English courses were requested to assess their oral presentations and the oral presentations of their peers. Four teachers used the same rating scale to assess all students'oral presentations. To obtain students'attitudes towards self- and peer assessments, a questionnaire was administered before and after the employment of the rating scale. Students who revealed changes in their attitudes were also interviewed. Although the results showed no significant differences in the three assessment methods, the analysis of the mean scores revealed that teachers employed the strictest scoring criteria while peer assessors used the most lax ones. While the results of peer- and teacher assessments appeared to be consistent, no consistencies were discovered in self- and peer- assessments and in self- and teacher assessments. This study highlights that EFL students'involvement in assessing their own and peers'oral presentations can enhance their motivation to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to develop instrument for assessing student's affective domain using self-assessment (SA) and peer-assessment (PA) models employs the modified model of development by Mccoach. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Aiken, CFA second order and alpha cronbanch were used as the data analysis techniques, aided by Excel program, Lisrel and SPSS. The results show that the there were 6 constructs of instrument for assessing student's affective domain. The content validity was done using Aiken index and the result ranged from 0,750-1,00 and all of the items were valid. The construct validity of the instrument was done using CFA approach. A fit model of instrument for affective domain based on self-assessment was developed with the value of Chi-square (X^2) = 267,22 df = 246, P-value = 0,168, RMSEA = 0,022 and the instrumentbased on peer-assessment has the value of Chi-Square (X^2) = 151,55, df = 126, P-value = 0,060, RMSEA = 0,034. On the items estimation, the value of loading factor was 0,31-0,99 (>0,30) which means that the items in the instruments based on SA and PA are valid. The instruments reliability reached 0,788-0,886 which means that all the instruments developed were valid. The valid instrument is very important to get good information about self-assessment and peer-assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assessment and peer-assessment are strategies employed to encourage students to take more responsibility for the learning process. Although the advantages are not obvious, the process has the potential to empower learning and to assist the development of assessment skills, which are so important for future teachers. The research aimed to identify student-teachers' attitudes concerning the contribution of self-assessment and anonymous peer-assessment to the quality of their assignments and improvement of their assessment skills, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The sample included 300 students studying for bachelor's or master's degrees. Texts that were analysed included: responses to a questionnaire, self and peer-assessments, word comments on the assignments and written blog content relating to students' activities and their performance of peer evaluations. The students noted that they significantly benefitted from the process, learned various methods of assignment and assessment performance and it positioned them in relation to others, noticing how others evaluated them. Anonymous evaluation allowed students to overcome inhibitions in evaluating peers' works and improved their assessment skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Peer-assessment in nursing education using an OSCE protocol is an increasing educational activity that complements that of teachers. However, little is known about how students' and teachers' assessments correspond. The study aimed to compare OSCE assessments made by student examiners and faculty examiners during examinations of clinical skills in undergraduate nursing education. Four cohorts of third-year nursing students participated between 2014 and 2016. The students underwent a clinical examination of the management of central venous catheters and totally implantable venous access devices. Students who performed the examinations were observed both by a faculty examiner and student examiner. Both observers used the same OSCE protocol for the assessment but independently. The OSCE protocols from both faculty and student examiners were reviewed and compared. Total agreement between the student and faculty examiner was reached in 127 of 135 (94%) paired protocols. The level of agreement was substantial with a kappa value of 0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.93). The conclusion was that the level of agreement between student and faculty examiners was high when using an OSCE protocol in clinical examinations of two different clinical skill tasks. The structured checklist (OSCE protocol) was easy to use for the student examiners despite the lack of experience or training in advance. Highlights • The level of agreement in the assessments was high despite no introduction to the OSCE protocol for the students. • Nursing student examiners may be used in peer assessment using a structured OSCE protocol. • Using checklists such as an OSCE protocol facilitates giving and receiving peer feedback in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effective teaching is the collaborative effort of both teachers and students. Teachers are expected to engage their students in the teaching and learning process so as to make them active in the classroom. Thus, using peer assessment gives an opportunity to a teacher to engage students in learning, enabling them to take responsibility for their own learning. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peer-assessment on students’ writing self-efficacy. In order to achieve this objective, the research question related to whether the use of peer-assessment can bring a change to the students’ writing self-efficacy was set. Moreover, the study through its second research question dealt with students’ perception on the use of peer-assessment. The study was quasi-experiment in design. It focused on 1st year Banking and Finance Department students of Jimma University. The department had four groups (groups, A, B, C & D) of which two groups were selected by using a random sampling technique. Accordingly, section A (N=30 students) and section B (N=30 students) were selected and included in the study, and section A was assigned as comparison group whereas section B was assigned as treatment group. In order to collect data from the students, questionnaires and journal writing were used at the end of the intervention. The data collected through questionnaire were quantitative, and they were analysed using an independent sample t-test. On the other hand, the data collected through journal writing were qualitative, which were analysed using a descriptive method. The result of the analysis showed that the students in the treatment group improved their writing self-efficacy. This indicates that the use of peer-assessment as intervention showed a significant effect on the students’ writing self-efficacy (t (58) = 4.545, p < 0.05, “Sig. (2-tailed)”). Moreover, the qualitative data finding showed that the students in the treatment group positively perceived the use of peer-assessment in learning writing. Therefore, it is possible to recommend that the use of peer-feedback, in addition to instructor feedback, is better than the feedback given by instructor alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to highlight the switch from traditional assessment to alternative, formative assessment, in other words assessment for learning, in adult language training. We focused on two aspects of formative assessment: self-assessment and peer-assessment, methods that can be used as teaching tools in communicative language teaching in adult English classes. Reportedly, these methods lead to improved results in language learning and production, as well as in motivation and self-esteem. Based on previous studies, our aim is to present how frequent employment of formative feedback based on adult opinions and perceptions – obtained via informal interviews – and tailored to their needs, result in improved learner outcome.

This study investigated the accuracy of scores assigned by self-, peer-, and teacher assessors over time. Thirty-three English majors who were taking paragraph development course at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan and two instructors who had been teaching essay writing for at least two years at university, participated in the study. After receiving instructions on paragraph development, participants were trained for a session on how to rate the paragraphs. For three sessions the students were given topics to write about and were asked to rate their own and one of their peers’ papers for mechanics, grammar and choice of words, content development, and organization. The teachers also rated the paragraphs according to the same criteria. Multifaceted Rasch measurement was employed to analyze the data. The results showed different patterns of performance for the subjects rated by different raters at the beginning of the experiment. However, rater bias showed significant decrease across time. The results of the study have useful implications for language teachers especially in portfolio assessment where self and peer assessment provide invaluable help.

Background: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has gained widespread use as a form of performance assessment. However, opportunities for students to participate in practice OSCEs are limited by the financial, faculty and administrative investments required. Objectives: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a student-run mock OSCE (MOSCE) as a learning experience for medical students of all 4 years. Design: We conducted a five-station MOSCE for third-year students. This involved fourth-year students as examiners and first-/second-year students as standardized patients (SPs). Each examiner scored examinees using a checklist and global rating scale while providing written and verbal feedback. MOSCE stations and checklists were designed by students and reviewed by a faculty supervisor. Following the MOSCE, participants completed surveys which elucidated their perceptions on the roles they took during the MOSCE. Results: Fifty examinees participated in the MOSCE. Of these, 42 (84%) consented to participate in the study and submitted completed questionnaires. Twenty-four examiners participated in the OSCE and consented to participate in the study, with 22 (92%) submitting completed questionnaires. Fifty-three of 60 SPs (88%) agreed to take part in this study, and 51 (85%) completed questionnaires. The internal consistency of the five-station OSCE was calculated as a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.443. Students commented positively on having the opportunity to network and engage in mentorship activities and reinforce clinical concepts. Conclusions: Examinees, examiners, and SPs all perceived the MOSCE to be a beneficial learning experience. We found the MOSCE to be a feasible and acceptable means of providing additional OSCE practice to students prior to higher-stakes evaluations.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mengembangkan konstruk instrumen asesmen diri (ADM) dan asesmen teman sejawat (ATS) sebagai pelengkap asesmen formatif, (2) mengetahui karakteristik ADM dan ATS, (3) mengetahui efektivitas ADM & ATS, dan (4) mengetahui kebermanfaatan ADM & ATS yang digunakan sebagai pelengkap asesmen formatif. Prosedur pengembangan meliputi dua tahap, yaitu pengembangan dan validasi, mengacu pada model pengembangan Cennamo dan Kalk dengan lima fase pengembangan, yaitu define, design, demonstrate, develop dan deliver. Content validity dibuktikan melalui expert judgment dianalisis dengan coefficient Aiken dan focus group discussion dan teknik Delphi. Validitas konstruk dibuktikan dengan program SmartPLS. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester enam Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Palangka Raya. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) instrumen ADM dan ATS mengukur konstruk yang sama pada kompetensi fisika, hasil uji kecocokan model nilai GFI sebesar 0,994, dan SRMR sebesar 0,062 menunjukkan model fit yang baik, (2) karakteristik instrumen mencakup validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya pembeda termasuk kategori baik, (3) ADM dan ATS terbukti cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar, (4) ADM dan ATS sangat bermanfaat sebagai umpan balik terhadap proses, kemajuan dan perbaikan hasil belajar. Kata kunci: asesmen diri dan asesmen teman sejawat, kompetensi fisika DEVELOPING SELF-ASSESSMENT AND PEER-ASSESSMENT FOR STUDENTS’ SUBJECT-MATTER COMPETENCY Abstract This study aimed to: (1) develop the construct of the Students’ Self-Assessment (SSA) and Students’ Peer-Assessment (SPA) as supplementary formative assessment on physics teaching and learning, (2) find out the chracteristic of the SSA and SPA, (3) find out the effectivenes and (4) find out the usefulness of the SSA and SPA. The development procedure consisted of two stages: development and validation, based of the spiral model from Cennamo and Kalk, with five phases, namely define, design, demonstrate, develop, and deliver. Content validity was determined by expert judgment through coefficient validity analysis from Aiken, focus group discussion, and Delphi technique. Construct validity was analyzed using software SmartPLS. The subjects of this study were sixth semester students majoring on Physics Education at Palangka Raya University. The result of the study can be concluded as follows: (1) the result of model fit, the GFI values 0.996 and the SRMR values of 0.062, may be taken to indicate good fit, (2) the characteristic of the SSA and SPA consisted of validity, reliability, difficulty index and discriminant index had been verified, (3) the effectiveness of group SSA and SPA is better than group of non SSA and SPA, besides students’ response declares SSA and SPA are reasonably effective, (4) SSA and SPA are very useful as feedback for the learning process, progress, and the learning outcome improvement. Keywords: Peer-and Self-assessment, Physics competency

Objeto: en este artículo comparamos las estrategias de búsqueda y los resultados de tres revisiones de literatura recientes sobre uso rúbricas en educación. Con todo ello pretendemos identificar qué se sabe, que no se sabe aún y si hay material para lanzar una nueva revisión de literatura en estos momentos. Diseño/metodología: análisis comparado de las tres revisiones de literatura reciente y búsqueda sistemática de literatura. Aportaciones y resultados: de los 142 artículos incluidos en las tres revisiones recientes, pocos se centran en docencia universitaria y los resultados no se presentan desagregados por niveles educativos. Consideramos que no existe una respuesta científica concluyente para cómo crear y validar una rúbrica para evaluación de asignaturas universitarias, ni para qué sirven las rúbricas, ni si vale la pena el esfuerzo de desarrollarlas. Las recomendaciones para el uso adecuado de rúbricas están basadas en evidencias anecdóticas sin una metodología robusta y contrastada. Tampoco es fácil localizar qué asignaturas, ni qué objetos, ni en qué contextos han sido objeto de investigación las rúbricas, ni qué rúbricas validadas hay disponibles para ellos. Valor añadido: hemos realizado una nueva revisión y comparamos los artículos seleccionados con los utilizados en las revisiones anteriores. Hemos localizado 241 nuevos artículos no incluidos en las revisiones anteriores. Probablemente con todo este nuevo material se pueda realizar en el futuro algún meta-análisis.

Self and peer-assessment are becoming central aspects of student-centred assessment processes in higher education. Despite increasing evidence that both forms of assessment are helpful for developing key capabilities in students, such as taking more responsibility for their own learning, developing a better understanding of the subject matter, assessment criteria and their own values and judgements, and developing critical reflection skills, both forms of assessment are still not the norm at universities. This paper provides the findings of a two-year study of formative self and peerassessment at an Australian university. The study supports other research showing that students tend to regard formative self and peer-assessment as beneficial for gaining more insights about the assessment process and for improving their own work. We argue that self and peer-assessment requires careful design and implementation for it to be an effective tool for formative assessment processes; and that the development of students'capacities for giving feedback, and the continuous and timely involvement of the teacher, are central aspects for successful self and peer-assessment. The move to self and peer-assessment is not simple for teachers and students but is worthwhile and necessary for twenty-first century higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to reflect and self-assess are essential attributes for graduates to develop during their education. At many tertiary institutions, peer and lecturer-assessment contribute to summative assessment, but selfassessment, whilst recommended for development, does not. In order to make a case for the inclusion of self-assessment as a summative assessment task its reliability needs to be analysed, tested and established. This paper reports a study comparing the alignment of self, peer and lecturer-assessment of 34 pre-service teacher-education students and their lecturer. Students annotated a teaching artefact evidencing their attainment of an Aotearoa New Zealand Graduating Teacher Standard. Peer groups of students and their lecturer also assessed the annotated artefacts using the same collaboratively constructed assessment rubric and feedback sheet. While 59% of self, peer and lecturer-assessments fully aligned, in the remaining 41% many of the participants awarded lower grades to their achievement, indicating less confidence concerning their attainment than their peers and lecturer did. Emerging themes from the annotations of those students whose self-ratings were lower than those of their peers and/or the lecturer indicate a need for further research focussed on the potential influence of self-efficacy and cultural responsiveness on the reliability of self-assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an extended approach to refine inconsistent peer- and self-assessment scores in teamwork assessment. These refined scores are commonly used to estimate individual contribution factors, also referred in some literature as individual weighting factors. The individual contribution factors are then multiplied by team mark to convert team mark into individual marks, provided the scores are valid (the degree to which the scores measure the true contributions) and reliable (the extent to which the scores are consistent). However, not all peer- and self-assessment scores are valid and reliable. Although the validity is as equally, if not more, important as reliability, this study focuses on the reliability. Anecdotal and literature evidence suggests that there are several cases of inconsistencies in students' peer- and selfassessment scores. Creative accounting scores (over-rating to self and under-rating to peers) by some minority team members arc commonly encountered cases of inconsistencies, which are addressed by the proposed extension. To discuss the characteristics of the extended approach, mathematical equations and computations are presented and discussed with the help of typical inconsistent peer- and self-assessment scores. The analysis clearly shows that relative relevance approach based on standard normal probability can be a viable option in order to refine creative accounting cases of inconsistencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-assessment between students is a way to include evaluation as a part of the learning process and to simultaneously cut teacher load in grading of assignments. eLearning systems can be used to automate peer-assessment to a large extent. Peer-assessment benefits from multiple-peer-assessment as it is likely to even-out outliers. Linguistic scorecards that use linguistic scales can be used to simplify assessment. Linguistic terms used can be mapped to fuzzy number scales and the resulting fuzzy scores can then be weighted and aggregated to derive an overall assessment. Sometimes ranking of the overall assessments is performed. This paper presents the foundations of a system that uses linguistic scorecards in peer-assessment and weights for peer-assessment is gained by self-evaluation. After this our system computes the overall score and ranks the assessments. A numerical example is used to illustrate the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the use of peer evaluation as a tool for evaluating teamwork and students’ perceptions of this type of evaluation. A study was conducted of six subjects included on five degree courses at the University of Girona. In all of these subjects, students carried out a team activity, evaluated the performance of the team and the involvement of its different members, and responded to a survey on their perceptions of this evaluation system. We found the main factors influencing the evaluation and perception of teamwork to be teachers’ and students’ prior experience in this type of evaluation activity, the field where it is applied, the academic year students are enrolled on and the weight of the activity in the final mark. The results show that, in general, students’ views regarding such evaluation procedures are positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies the Shapley value within the context of class-group based peer assessments by treating it as a cooperative game and giving fairness to each group member to cushion the effect of coalitions. Based on scenario analysis, the Shapley Value method is used to identify the fair marks which should be given/allocated to individuals with in groups where there is uneven participation. Scenarios are presented using two and three student member cases with situations under pinning the free rider problem. The Shapley value concept as applied in this study provides what may be viewed as a contribution consistent mark allocation for group assignments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profound anatomical knowledge is the basis for modern demands in medicine and surgery, but many countries worldwide including Australia and New Zealand have discontinued offering dissection courses to medical and dental students during the past decades. This educational project done in Australia aimed at enhancing basic and advanced anatomy teaching by engaging a sub-group of second-year undergraduate students of a compulsory prosection- and model-based anatomy course ( n = 54/170) in an optional multimodal course, which should easily articulate with a vertical curriculum. With topographical cadaver dissections as core, peer student-teams prepared and peer-assessed anatomy lectures based on clinical topics, which were rated highly by the peers and teachers. Anatomical knowledge was tested by quizzes and a multiple-choice examination. Individual dissection skills were self- and teacher-assessed. A final course grade was assigned based on these assessments. The grades in the system-based compulsory course achieved by the attendees of the paralleling dissection course were compared with their peers attending other optional courses. After beginning of the semester, the students in the dissection course performed similar, significantly ( P < 0.005) improved during the semester (78.5% vs. 69.9%, 70.1% vs. 64.1%), but in the integrated (including anatomy, biochemistry, physiology) final examination at the end of the year only tended to higher scores. As assessed through interviews and a voluntary questionnaire, all students of the optional dissection course liked these activities, which enhanced their learning experience. Thus, this concept elegantly integrates anatomical dissection with modern teaching demands and is feasible for implementation in modernized curricula. Anat Sci Educ 11: 32-43. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formative assessment can serve as a catalyst for increased student effort and student learning. Yet, many engineering degree programmes are dominated by summative assessment and make limited use of formative assessment. The present case study serves as an example on how formative assessment can be used strategically to increase student effort and improve student learning. Within five courses of an engineering bachelor degree programme in Norway, the mandatory coursework assignments were removed and replaced by formative-only assessment. To facilitate the formative assessment, weekly student peer-assessment sessions were introduced. The main findings include an increase in student study hours and improved student performance on the examinations. Finally, interviews were conducted by an external consultant in an effort to identify key factors that attributed to the positive outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]