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Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar as etapas de construção de um instrumento de medida, das crenças dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem, frente ao acidente de trabalho com fluido biológico. Método: Estudo metodológico, baseado na teoria de elaboração de instrumental psicológico. Para a construção do instrumento, foi realizada a validação de conteúdo composta por procedimentos teóricos descritos em 3 etapas. Resultado: A elaboração dos itens, a avaliação dos juízes e a análise semântica resultaram em um instrumento composto por 37 itens em sua primeira versão. Conclusão: A construção desse instrumento poderá trazer maior visibilidade para a área da saúde do trabalhador em enfermagem e a ocorrência de exposições ocupacionais envolvendo os fluidos biológicos.

Este estudo busca investigar o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores da memória e da imaginação no momento da brincadeira de faz de conta. A pesquisa está fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural que contempla o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores, considerando que o processo de desenvolvimento cultural da criança é o alicerce para a constituição das funções psíquicas. Partindo desse referencial teórico, a pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi realizada com os seguintes recursos metodológicos: investigação participativa e a observação. Com este estudo, foi possível ampliar a discussão teórica sobre como se constituiu a brincadeira de faz de conta mesmo em um momento de isolamento e distanciamento social no cotidiano da Educação Infantil, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da memória e da imaginação.

Using a multidisciplinary approach, this chapter examines how Tandas (ROSCA) and cooperativas (cooperatives) are part of a system of social purpose business arrangements of mutual aid and group economics that assist in the integration of precarious immigrants to the United States. Historical political dynamics have set legal restrictions limiting the legal migration of people from Latin America to the United States; hence, vulnerable working-class Latin American immigrants entering the United States to work arrive into racialized economic environments where they are forced to function as full participants in society via direct engagement in the informal and gig economy. This chapter examines two case studies of indigenous Latin American immigrants organizing their social capital to bring together economic resources, in the form of formal community worker-owned cooperativas or under informal financial arrangements called Tandas that help them survive and integrate into local communities. Cooperativas and Tandas support community-based entrepreneurship that aids undocumented immigrants in their economic survival and integration. Immigrants of indigenous backgrounds have a long history of pooling economic resources to finance their activities outside the formal economy. Theories of immigrant integration combined with an analysis of racial capitalist theory help explain how capitalism and racism intertwined create an environment of limited resources that truncate social and economic mobility for poor Black and brown immigrants entering local US urban communities. Faced with limited options for economic survival, these immigrants tap into their collectives and cultural support systems to survive and develop their livelihoods in American business and society.

Introducción: Se evaluará el uso de la hormona adrenocorticotropa como tratamiento del síndrome de West (síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut) y el tiempo requerido para la progresión hacia la evolución grave. Existen escasos datos sobre esta patología para nuestra población. Material y Métodos: Se trata de una cohorte donde se analizaron 139 historias clínicas de pacientes evaluados en dos unidades de pediatría de la ciudad de Lima entre los años 2000 y 2010. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que cumplían con los criterios: 1) Espasmos masivos, 2) Retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor y 3) Electroencefalograma que mostró hipsarritmia. Se administró hormona adrenocorticotropa como tratamiento posterior al diagnóstico. El período de seguimiento duró 10 años. Resultados: El cociente de riesgo (CR) de la progresión al Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut en pacientes que utilizaron la hormona adrenocorticotropa en comparación con aquellos sin hormona adrenocorticotropa fue de 0,45 (IC del 95%: 0,24-0,83, p=0,011). El CR de la progresión al Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut ajustado para todas las variables estudiadas (edad de inicio, sexo, frecuencia de las crisis, etiología y tiempo desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio del tratamiento) en pacientes que utilizaban la hormona adrenocorticotropa en comparación con aquellos sin hormona adrenocorticotropa fue de 0,56 (IC del 95%: 0,29 a 0,08; p=0,085). Conclusiones: El uso de la hormona corticotropina en pacientes con síndrome de West podría proteger contra la progresión al síndrome Lennox-Gastaut. Consideramos que esto apoya la evidencia encontrada en poblaciones similares a la nuestra, y creemos que este hallazgo podría ser confirmado con ensayos clínicos.

This paper is part of one of the authors’ master’s dissertation and addresses issues related to playing, assuming that children are subjects of rights. In this sense, the research presents what children have to tell us about playing. The research was developed from the cultural-historical approach, defining the role of play in child development. The work’s main objective was to survey what children think about playing and what their preferences are. The methodology was that of qualitative research, with 21 individual interviews, five conversation circles, photographic records, and a field diary about the playing moments in the daily life of an elementary public school. As a result, it was possible to expand the concepts about the children’s participation in early childhood education, based on children’s opinion and not only the adult’s, allowing the researchers to reflect on the spaces and times destined to play in this school period. This paper brings two episodes of conversation circles and a drawing by one of the subjects, emphasizing precisely the importance of careful listening to children and the production of drawings, such as those made after the conversation.

For the preparation of this article, a documentary review was conducted on the writing and publication of research papers related to the study of Criminal Law in order to know, through a bibliometric study, the main characteristics of 187 publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2021 in Ibero-American countries. The data provided by this database were organized in graphs and figures, categorizing the information by variables such as Year of Publication, Country of Origin and Area of Knowledge, which allowed to identify, through qualitative analysis, the position of different authors concerning the proposed topic. One of the main findings of this research was that Brazil stood out as the country with the highest scientific production, leading the list with 66 publications. Likewise, the Knowledge Area that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of Criminal Law was Social Sciences, with 153 published documents.

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers studying the variables Criminal Law and Gender Violence. The bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during 2017-2021, identifying 19 publications at the Latin American level. The information provided by the said platform was organized using graphs and figures, categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors on the proposed topic was referenced through qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 9 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions of that country. The area of knowledge that made the most significant contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of Criminal Law and Gender Violence was Social Sciences, with 11 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the period mentioned above was the journal article, which represents 84% of the total scientific production.

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a importância da escuta atenta das crianças em pesquisas e o desenho como fonte de produção artística sobre as brincadeiras preferidas no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar produções de desenhos realizados pelas crianças para representar suas brincadeiras preferidas e discutir a importância do brincar para o desenvolvimento infantil, por meio da fundamentação teórica da psicologia histórico-cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na abordagem histórico-cultural. Foram realizadas rodas de conversa e registros de desenhos produzidos pelas crianças sobre suas brincadeiras preferidas. Como resultado, foi possível ampliar os conceitos sobre a participação da criança na educação infantil, analisados a partir da opinião da criança e não apenas do adulto, propiciando ainda às pesquisadoras uma reflexão sobre os espaços e tempos destinados ao brincar no cotidiano da Educação Infantil.

This work aimed to evaluate the impact of inoculation single and co-cultivation of LAB and yeasts during the wet process of Coffea canephora using the self-induced anaerobic fermentation method. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Totulaspora delbrueckii delbrueckii, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were monitored during fermentation. L. mesenteroides was detected in high concentrations in the coffee fruits (8.54 log10 cells/mL) and remained until the end of fermentation. Lactic and acetic acids were the main acids produced during fermentation. After 36 h of fermentation, 75.39% of malic acid was consumed in the L. mesenteroides + S. cerevisiae (MC) fermentations. In roasted coffee, the caffeine concentration reached 3.29 higher than the green beans in MC fermentation. Specific volatile compounds were detected in inoculated fermentation and may contribute to the beverage quality. Coffee inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides was classified as fine (80.0-89.0), while the other fermentations were classified as premium (70.0-79.0). L. mesenteroides inoculation showed the best sensory score, and the beverage was characterized by caramel, fruity, and spices notes. L. mesenteroides inoculated alone or in co-culture with S. cerevisiae are promising starter cultures to improve Conilon coffee quality and obtain beverages with differentiated sensory profiles.

Effective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards an appropriate effector phenotype during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses for several decades. However, it is now established that T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have a unique ability to access the B cell follicle and support the Germinal Centre (GCs) responses by providing help to B cells. We investigated the specialization of Tfh cells induced under type-1 and type-2 conditions. We first studied homogenous Tfh cell populations generated by adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells in mice immunized with type-1 and type-2 adjuvants. Using a machine learning approach, we established a gene expression signature that discriminates Tfh cells polarized towards type-1 and type-2 response, defined as Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells. The Tfh1 and Tfh2 distinct signature was validated against datasets of Tfh cells induced following LCMV or helminth infection. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we also dissected the heterogeneity of Tfh cells from the two immunizing conditions. Our results show that Tfh cells acquire a specialized function under distinct types of immune responses, but with the coexistence of a small population of Tfh cells of the alternative type. Furthermore, the specific molecular hallmarks of Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells identified herein offer putative new targets for tuning humoral responses.

Embora existam muitas discussões em relação ao trabalho com a literatura nas escolas de Educação Infantil, deve-se ressaltar a importância de organizar uma atividade intencional envolvendo um livro-brinquedo como objeto a ser investigado com o olhar ao livro como um “todo”: sejam as cores, formas e não apenas um texto escrito. Porque o livro-brinquedo auxilia na compreensão do que é a materialidade da literatura infantil e promove experiências significativas para as crianças. O objetivo geral deste estudo é discutir as contribuições da intencionalidade pedagógica na utilização do livro-brinquedo como um instrumento de interação no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. A partir deste pressuposto indagamos: quais são as principais contribuições da utilização do livro-brinquedo na Educação Infantil? Em relação aos critérios metodológicos utilizados, adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa vivencianda por meio de encontros com as crianças experiências significativas com o livro-brinquedo.

Estados Unidos tiene una larga historia anticomunista; sin embargo, en el siglo XX esa postura se cruzó con la geopolítica de la ultraderecha y la Internacional Negra, que influyeron en el aparato legislativo de Estados Unidos para desatar una histeria anticomunista cuya expresión más des-tacada fue el Macartismo, que representó una persecución contra los comunistas, centrándose en la industria del cine. La doctrina que guió la geopolítica del Vaticano fue el Intermarium, con un efecto de gran alcance simbólico y geográfico. Este artículo toma como ejemplo la industria del cine debido a su creciente importancia comunicativa y simbólica

Mexico present high rate of violence against women, which comes from the partner. The risk level assessment of intimate partner violence allows providing security measures to the victims and reducing the re-victimization. The aim was to validate the Severe Intimate Partner Violence Risk Prediction Scale (EPV-R) in the urban context of Chihuahua, Mexico. Methods. The scale was applied in 591 victims of violence, classified into two groups: severe and non-severe violence. An experts committee included three new items: psychological violence, economic violence and aggressor links with organized crime. The Internal consistency, the inter-observer concordance, the discriminative capacity of each of the items and the diagnostic efficacy were analyzed. All test were performed at the 95% of confidence level. Results. Adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79) and good agreement between inter-observers (Kappa coefficient 0.79, p < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.96, p = 0.001) were found. Of all 23 items, 20 showed adequate association capacity between severe and non-severe violence groups (p < 0.05), five items presented high capacity, 6 items moderated capacity and 11 items showed low capacity, assigning them a value of 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The total score mean of the scale was higher in severe group than non-severe group, 22.7 ± 5.9 vs 12.1 ± 7.2 respectively (t = 14.6, p = 0.001). After several cutoff scores tested, a value of 21 combine the best sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy of the instrument with 70%, 87% and 79% respectively; also, an AUC of 0.86 was found (p = 0.001). From this viewpoint, three levels of severe violence risk were determined: low (0-8), moderate (9-20) and high (20-36). Conclusion. The EPV-R is a reliable and valid instrument to estimate the risk of serious violence against the couple in the urban context of Chihuahua, Mexico.

Background Excitotoxicity is a central pathological pathway in many neurological diseases with blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Kainate, an exogenous excitotoxin, induces epilepsy and BBB damage in animal models, but the direct effect of kainate on brain endothelial cells has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to examine the direct effects of kainate on cultured cells of the BBB and to test three anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs used in clinical practice, simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone, to protect against kainate-induced changes. Methods Primary rat brain endothelial cell, pericyte and astroglia cultures were used to study cell viability by impedance measurement. BBB permeability was measured on a model made from the co-culture of the three cell types. The production of nitrogen monoxide and reactive oxygen species was followed by fluorescent probes. The mRNA expression of kainate receptors and nitric oxide synthases were studied by PCR. Results Kainate damaged brain endothelial cells and made the immunostaining of junctional proteins claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 discontinuous at the cell border indicating the opening of the barrier. The permeability of the BBB model for marker molecules fluorescein and albumin and the production of nitric oxide in brain endothelial cells were increased by kainate. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected against the reduced cell viability, increased permeability and the morphological changes in cellular junctions caused by kainate. Dexamethasone attenuated the elevated nitric oxide production and decreased the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2/iNOS) mRNA expression increased by kainate treatment. Conclusion Kainate directly damaged cultured brain endothelial cells. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected the BBB model against kainate-induced changes. Our results confirmed the potential clinical usefulness of these drugs to attenuate BBB damage.

We report the case of a 61-year-old man admitted to our emergency department with fever. At admission, he was hypotensive and tachycardic. In the initial investigation, elevation of inflammatory parameters, acute kidney injury (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 3), hyperbilirubinemia, and hepatic cytocholestasis were evident. Empirical antibiotic therapy was started, after sepsis was assumed without an identifiable cause. His condition took an unfavorable clinical course, with respiratory failure, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hyperferritinemia and hypofibrinogenemia. Microbial culture studies and a general immunological study were negative and lymphoproliferative disease was therefore excluded. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hemophagocytosis without granulomas. A diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was assumed and pulse methylprednisolone therapy initiated. As this resulted in only a transient improvement, immunoglobulin and rituximab were initiated as a second-line therapy. The patient sadly had an unfavorable outcome despite all measures undertaken. In the postmortem study,Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be considered in patients presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, cytopenias, hyperferritinaemia and hypertriglyceridemia.Despite its rarity, tuberculosis should be considered as an etiology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and, if suspected, antituberculosis therapy should be initiated early, even in the absence of a definite diagnosis.Immunosuppressant therapy increases the risk of opportunistic infections, which establishes the need for prophylactic antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral drugs.