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O artigo “O conceito da convergência midiática na infografia animada no portal do Almanaque Abril” aborda o conceito da convergência para compreender como a mídia tem reagido às transformações encontradas ao longo das últimas décadas, e como um conteúdo é retransmitido na era digital por meio dos infográficos. O trabalho analisa dez matérias do conteúdo interativo e gratuito do Almanaque Abril, de forma a verificar quais suportes midiáticos foram utilizados na produção do conteúdo. Trata-se, portanto, de estudo de caso, de natureza descritiva e exploratória com revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. Os resultados demonstram que o veículo consegue transmitir conhecimentos de forma bastante lúdica e ilustrada, porém pouco interativas.

A espécie Cordia ecalyculata pertence à família Boraginaceae, é conhecida popularmente por café de bugre. Para fins medicinais é indicada como tônico, diurético, anti-inflamatório e inibidor do apetite. Visando contribuir para um melhor entendimento da espécie, inflorescências jovens de seis indivíduos foram coletadas e fixadas em solução de etanol e ácido acético (3:1) por 24 h. As lâminas foram preparadas utilizando a técnica de esmagamento e coradas com carmim acético a 1%. Durante a microsporogênese poucas irregularidades foram encontradas, as mais frequentes estão relacionadas à segregação irregular dos cromossomos, tais como: Ascensão precoce para os polos em metáfase I e II, bivalente não orientado em metáfase I e II, e cromossomos retardatários em anáfase I e II, levando a formação de micronúcleos. Outra irregularidade observada esta relacionada a organização das fibras dos fusos em meiose II, que se organizam na forma em T e V. Na configuração de fuso na forma de V ocorreu fusão entre dois núcleos que estavam próximos, formando tríade ao invés de tétrade, levando à formação de micrósporos 2n final da meiose. Entretanto, as irregularidades observadas não comprometeram a fertilidade da espécie em análise, uma vez que a viabilidade dos grãos de pólen variou de 95,42% a 100%.

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of different exposure times to saliva in situ in comparison with an antioxidant treatment on composite resin bond strength to human enamel restored after tooth bleaching. Material and Methods: Forty human teeth specimens measuring 5x5 mm were prepared and randomly allocated into 5 groups with 8 specimens each: Gct (control group, restored on unbleached enamel); Gbl (restored immediately after bleaching); Gsa (bleached, treated with 10% sodium ascorbate gel for 60 min and restored); G7d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ for 7 days and restored); and G14d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ for 14 days and restored). Restored samples were cut into 0.8 mm2 sticks that were tested in microtensile. Specimens were microscopically analyzed and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Pretest and cohesive failures were not considered in the statistical analysis, which was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05), with the dental specimen considered as the experimental unit. Results: Mean bond strength results found for Gbl in comparison with Gct indicated that bleaching significantly reduced enamel adhesiveness (P0.05). Bond strength found for G14d was significantly higher than for Gsa (P

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de composto de lodo de esgoto como componente de substrato para produção de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis. Doses de composto de lodo de esgoto e casaca de arroz carbonizada foram estabelecidas com as seguintes proporções: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60 e 20/80, as quais foram comparadas ao substrato comercial comumente utilizado em viveiros. Os resultados de crescimento e nutrição com o uso de substratos contendo lodo de esgoto compostado foram maiores do que com o substrato comercial. A utilização de composto de lodo de esgoto em níveis acima de 40% é favorável ao desenvolvimento das mudas, sendo uma forma viável de destinação deste material.

Luciana Manzotti De-Marchi,1 Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini,2 Renata Corrêa Pascotto31Department of Dentistry, University Center of Maringá-CESUMAR, Maringá-PR/Brazil; 2Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP/Brazil; 3Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá-PR/BrazilBackground: The purpose of this study was to associate smile esthetic judgment with dentofacial attributes of patients with unilateral and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors treated with recontouring of canines or implants and patients with no agenesis (control).Material and methods: Forty-six participants were divided into two groups: those treated with recontouring (N = 26) and those treated with implants (N = 20). The participants in the control group (N = 22) were selected among dentistry students at the State University of Maringá, Brazil. Photographs of posed smiles (17 cm × 10 cm) were evaluated with a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale. Smile attractiveness was judged by two groups: laypersons and dentists (N = 20 in each group). Judgment was classified into Unpleasant and Pleasant. Measurements of 11 smile attributes were done with ImageTool Version 3.0. These measurements were correlated with the type of judgment using the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The two groups of evaluators showed no rating difference (analysis of variance, P = 0.64), thus they were placed into a single group. No significant correlation was found between esthetic judgment and six smile attributes (incisor exposure, interlabial gap, width 3 to 3, smile index, right buccal corridor, and buccal corridor ratio). The control group showed more correlations with the unpleasant judgment type than the other groups.Conclusion: Some correlations between smile attributes and esthetic judgment were found, but other features of smiles not evaluated in this study may interfere in smile attractiveness.Keywords: esthetic, dental agenesis, attractiveness, dental implants, composite resin, perception

Maria Esposito,1 Antonio Pascotto,1 Beatrice Gallai,3 Lucia Parisi,2 Michele Roccella,2 Rosa Marotta,4 Serena Marianna Lavano,4 Antonella Gritti,5 Giovanni Mazzotta,6 Marco Carotenuto11Center for Childhood Headache, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, 2Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, 3Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, 4Department of Psychiatry, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 5Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Napoli, 6Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, Terni, ItalyBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive functioning of children affected by headache, pinpointing the differences in intelligence style between subjects affected by migraine without aura and subjects with tension-type headache.Methods: The study population consisted of 147 children (mean age 10.82 ± 2.17 years) with headache, recruited from the Headache Center for Developmental Age, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Second University of Naples. Cognitive profiling was performed using Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition throughout the sample. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria for pediatric age, subjects were divided into a migraine without aura group (n = 75; 43 boys, 32 girls) and a tension-type headache group (n = 72; 49 boys, 23 girls). The results were compared with the findings obtained from a sample of 137 healthy control subjects recruited from schools in the Campania region, matched for age and gender.Results: No difference in full intelligence quotient was found between the groups, but the children with tension-type headache had a lower verbal intelligence quotient and a higher performance intelligence quotient than the healthy controls and children with migraine. Factor analysis data showed that the children with migraine seemed to have lower perceptual organization than the children affected by tension-type headache.Conclusion: To our knowledge, studies on cognitive functioning in children affected by headache in the interictal phase are scarce, and our results suggest a new perspective in understanding of the neuropsychological aspects of young patients affected by headaches.Keywords: childhood headache, intelligence quotient, Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition, intelligence, migraine

The aim of this paper was to determine the topographic distribution of gastritis lesions in pigs through an open source geographic information system (GIS) software analysis. The stomachs of 146 Italian heavy pigs were collected at slaughter and subjected to macroscopic pathological examination of the internal mucosa. A total of 623 lesions were either classified as hyperplastic or follicular (97%) with the remaining minority of lesions categorised as atrophic and simple. The hyperplastic gastritis lesions had an average surface of 77.8 cm2 and were mainly located in an oval shaped area of the fundus region of the stomach near the Curvatura ventriculi major. The follicular gastritis lesions had generally a smaller surface (40.3 cm2) and were concentrated in two distinct small areas of the pyloric region. The GIS analysis provided the opportunity to produce useful maps showing the distribution and characteristics of gastritis in pigs.

Este trabalho reflete sobre a importância das políticas públicas científicas, sob uma perspectiva do histórico brasileiro. Faz primeiro um estudo sobre o que se entende por políticas públicas e o ciclo de vida que geralmente possuem (identificação do problema; conformação de agenda; formulação; implementação; avaliação; extinção). Na sequência, há um breve relato de como as políticas públicas científicas foram ganhando espaço na agenda pública brasileira ao longo dos anos, a partir de meados dos anos 80 até os dias atuais e por último, as transformações que essas políticas podem ocasionar na sociedade de uma maneira geral, considerando a importância da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) na atualidade. O trabalho utilizou-se de revisão bibliográfica, baseando-se nos trabalhos de Dias (2012), Secchi (2012); é descritivo, monográfico e de caráter qualitativo. Os resultados demonstram que as políticas públicas científicas brasileiras foram desenvolvidas ao longo das décadas de forma incipiente, dentro das possibilidades orçamentárias, estando por muitas vezes em segundo plano devido a problemas políticos e/ou econômicos que precisavam de medidas e investimentos urgentes. Portanto, a política brasileira científica foi desenvolvida com atraso em comparação a outros países e mantém-se até hoje longe da porcentagem de investimento ideal para resultar em desenvolvimento satisfatório científico e dentro das necessidades do país. Portanto há ainda muito a investir e a crescer dentro das políticas de C&T no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the width/length ratio and the gingival zenith (GZ), by means of dental casts and digital caliper, in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors after treatment. METHODS: The sample was composed of 52 subjects divided into 3 groups: BRG (n = 18), patients with bilateral agenesis treated with tooth re-contouring; BIG (n = 10) patients with agenesis treated with implants and CG (n = 24), control group. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, t test and ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For the width/length ratio of the lateral incisors, BIG presented the lowest mean values (0.72 right and left), when compared with other groups. However, comparison between groups presented statistically significant differences for the right lateral incisor (BIG x CG) and for the canine (BRG x CG). GZ data evaluation showed the greatest difference for BRG (0.5 right and 0.48 left). BIG (0.95 right and 0.98 left) and CG (0.98 right and 0.8 left) presented more similar values, nevertheless, without statistical difference (p > 0.05). GZ data for the right and left sides of the smile were not considered statistically different. CONCLUSION: Although no statistical difference was found in the comparison between the groups, analysis of the descriptive values showed that group BIG showed the greatest difference in values with regard to width/length ratio. Regarding gingival zenith, BRG showed the greatest difference.OBJETIVO: o propósito desse estudo foi analisar, por meio de modelos de estudo e paquímetro digital, a proporção largura/altura e o zênite gengival (ZG) em pacientes com agenesia bilateral do incisivo lateral superior após o tratamento. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 52 voluntários divididos em 3 grupos: GBR (n=18), pacientes com agenesia bilateral tratados com reanatomizações dentárias; GBI (n=10), pacientes com agenesia bilateral tratados com implantes; e GC (n=24), grupo controle. Os dados foram avaliados por meio dos testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, teste t, ANOVA (p0,05). Os valores obtidos para os lados direito e esquerdo foram considerados iguais dentro de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatísticas na comparação entre os grupos, pela análise descritiva dos dados, o GBI foi o grupo que apresentou as medidas mais destoantes dos demais em relação à proporção largura/altura, sendo que, para o zênite gengival, a maior diferença observada foi no GBR.

Marco Carotenuto,1 Maria Esposito,1 Lucia Parisi,2 Beatrice Gallai,3 Rosa Marotta,4 Antonio Pascotto,1 Michele Roccella21Sleep Clinic for Developmental Age, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, 4Department of Psychiatry, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ItalyBackground: The relationship between sleep and mood regulation is well known, and some reports suggest a key role of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in the development of the symptomatology of depression, even if no conclusive data are actually found in the clinical literature. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between SRBD and depressive symptoms in a population of school-aged children.Methods: The study population comprised 94 children affected by SRBD and 107 healthy children. To identify the severity of SRBD, an overnight respiratory evaluation was performed. All subjects filled out the Italian version of the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) to screen for the presence of depressive symptoms.Results: The group with SRBD showed higher CDI scores than the group without SRBD, with a positive correlation found between CDI scores, apnea-hypopnea index, and oxygen desaturation index values. Logistic regression showed that an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 3 and an oxygen desaturation index ≥ 1 could be risk factors for development of depressive symptoms. According to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff point for the apnea-hypopnea index that could cause a pathological CDI score (≥19) was >5.66, and the cutoff point for the oxygen desaturation index was >4.2. The limitations of this study are that our data are derived from one single psychometric test and not from a complete psychiatric evaluation, and our subjects came from a small group in southern Italy.Conclusion: Our results suggest the importance of mood assessment in children affected by SRBD.Keywords: depression, sleep-related breathing disorders, cardiorespiratory monitoring, children

The Alchornea triplinervia specie belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, one of the main families of the Brazilian flora. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the specie, a counting of chromosome number and the microsporogenesis analysis of A. triplinervia were done. The inflorescences were collected in the municipalities of Paranavaí and Diamante do Norte, State of Paraná, Brazil, and the slides were prepared by squashing technique and staining with 1% acetic carmine. The analysis were performed using an optical microscope and showed a chromosome number for the specie equal to 2n=8x=72. Irregularities in the chromosome segregation process were the main meiotic abnormalities, presenting typical polyploid behavior. Other irregularities were observed; however, at low frequency without compromising the pollen grain formation of the analyzed plants.A espécie Alchornea triplinervia pertence à família Euphorbiaceae, uma das principais famílias da flora brasileira. Visando a contribuir para um melhor entendimento da espécie, foi realizada a contagem do número de cromossomos e a análise da microsporogênese de A. triplinervia. As Inflorescências foram coletadas nos Municípios de Paranavaí e Diamante do Norte, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, sendo as lâminas preparadas pela técnica de esmagamento e coradas com carmim acético 1%. As análises foram realizadas ao microscópio óptico, revelando um número cromossômico para a espécie igual a 2n=8x=72. Irregularidades no processo de segregação dos cromossomos foram as principais anormalidades meióticas, mostrando comportamento típico de poliploides. Outras irregularidades foram observadas, porém, em baixa frequência, não comprometendo a formação dos grãos de pólen das plantas analisadas.

Núbia Pavesi Pini1, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar1, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima1, José Roberto Lovadino1, Raquel Sano Suga Terada2, Renata Corrêa Pascotto21Area of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas – FOP/Unicamp – Piracicaba, São Paulo, 2Area of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Maringá – UEM – Maringá, Paraná, BrazilAbstract: Laminate veneers are a conservative treatment of unaesthetic anterior teeth. The continued development of dental ceramics offers clinicians many options for creating highly aesthetic and functional porcelain veneers. This evolution of materials, ceramics, and adhesive systems permits improvement of the aesthetic of the smile and the self-esteem of the patient. Clinicians should understand the latest ceramic materials in order to be able to recommend them and their applications and techniques, and to ensure the success of the clinical case. The current literature was reviewed to search for the most important parameters determining the long-term success, correct application, and clinical limitations of porcelain veneers.Keywords: dental ceramic, porcelain veneers, aesthetic treatment

This study applied a socioeconomic questionnaire designed to evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and characterize epidemiological, nutritional, and immunological variables in 105 HIV/AIDS patients - with and without parasitic infections, attending the Day Hospital in Botucatu, UNESP, from 2007 to 2008. Body mass index was calculated and the following tests performed: parasitological stool examinations; eosinophil, IgE, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocyte cell counts; albumin test; viral load measure; and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels. Results were positive for parasitic intestinal infections in 12.4% of individuals. Most patients had good socioeconomic conditions with basic sanitation, urban dwellings, treated water supply and sewage, good nutritional and immunological status and were undergoing HAART. Parasites were found at the following frequencies: Entamoeba - five patients (38.5%), Giardia lamblia - four (30.7%), Blastocystis hominis - three (23.0%), Endolimax nana - two (15.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides - one (7.7%). There were no significant differences between the two groups for eosinophils, albumin, IgE, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, INF-γ, IL-2, or IL-10. Most patients also showed undetectable viral load levels. Significant differences were found for TNF-α and IL-5. These results show the importance of new studies on immunodeficient individuals to increase understanding of such variables.

There are individuals who have a progressive language deficit without presenting cognitive deficits in other areas. One of the diseases related to this presentation is primary progressive aphasia (PPA). OBJECTIVE: Identify by means of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and measurements of cortical volume, brain areas that lead to dysphasia when presenting signs of impaired connectivity or reduced volume. METHOD: Four patients with PPA were evaluated using DTI, and measurements of cortical volumes in temporal areas. These patients were compared with two normal volunteers. RESULTS: There is a trend to a difference in the number and volume of related fibers between control group and patients with PPA. Comparing cortical volumes in temporal areas between groups yielded a trend to a smaller volume in PPA patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with PPA have a trend to impairment in cortical and subcortical levels regarding relevant areas.

Almost 90% of species of the genus Passiflora are native to the American continent, with high commercial value due to the fact that some species are used for human food while others have ornamental and medical qualities. Passiflora serrato-digitata is one of the species that integrates the Paraná Agronomic Institute germoplasm bank at its experimental base in Londrina, PR, Brazil. Collected flower buds were fixed in ethanol/acetic acid (3:1 v/v) for 24h, transferred to 70% alcohol and stored under refrigeration. Slides were prepared by the squashing technique and stained with 1.0% propionic carmine; they were analyzed under an optic microscope. Irregularities in the chromosome segregation process of P. serrato-digitata have been verified by meiotic behavior analysis. These comprised precocious migration to poles in metaphase I and II, non-oriented chromosomes in metaphase plate in metaphase I and II, laggard chromosomes in anaphase I and II towards the formation of micronucleus in telophase I and II, and microspores in tetrads. Chromosome stickiness was another irregularity reported in the Passiflora genus for the first time. These irregularities which also contributed to the formation of monads, dyads and triads, resulted in normal imbalanced 2n and 4n microspores. According to the observed Meiotic Index of 71.83%, this species is not meiotically stable.Cerca de 90% das espécies do gênero Passiflora são nativas das Américas, sendo que aproximadamente 200 espécies são nativas do Brasil. Possuem grande importância comercial, pois algumas espécies são utilizadas na alimentação humana, outras apresentam propriedades medicinais e ornamentais. A espécie Passiflora serrato-digitata faz parte do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, estação experimental de Londrina, PR. Botões florais colhidos foram fixados em etanol/ácido acético (3:1 v/v) por 24 horas, transferidos para álcool a 70% e acondicionado sob refrigeração. As lâminas foram preparadas pela técnica de esmagamento e coradas com carmim propiônico a 1,0% e observadas ao microscópio óptico. Por meio da análise do comportamento meiótico, foram verificadas irregularidades no processo de segregação dos cromossomos de P. serrato-digitata, tais como migração precoce para os pólos em metáfase I e II, cromossomos não orientados na placa equatorial em metáfase I e II, cromossomos retardatários em anáfase I e II, levando a formação de micronúcleo em telófases I e II e micrósporos em tétrades. Outra irregularidade observada foi aderência cromossômica, relatada pela primeira vez no gênero Passiflora, que também pode ter contribuído para a formação de mônades, díades, tríades, as quais foram observadas, resultando em micrósporos normais, desbalanceados, 2n e 4n. De acordo com o Índice Meiótico de 71,83% observado, essa espécie pode ser classificada como não estável meioticamente.

This paper presents a study in the port sector specialized in handling of bagged sugar. Sugar has always been exported in bags of 50 kg, placed directly in the holds of ships for general cargo. It appears that this form of transport has become obsolete now, the market for the direct form of transport of sugar packed in containers. Companies involved in this type of port handling need understand the reasons that are influencing this new mode of transportation as a way to fit and remain active and competitive in the industry.

Este trabalho avaliou os resultados estéticos de pacientes Classe II submetidos à terapia ortodôntica corretiva. Selecionaram-se, aleatoriamente, sete pacientes do gênero feminino, leucodermas, submetidas a tratamento ortodôntico corretivo com extração de pelo menos dois pré-molares e com início do tratamento aos 16 até 26 anos. Cada paciente foi entrevistada e as falas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas e analisadas. Modelos de estudo, teleradiografias e fotografias constantes nos prontuários foram consultados para se avaliar cinco parâmetros quantitativos: contorno facial, ângulo nasolabial, proporção áurea inter-incisivos, linha média facial e dentária e silhueta incisal no sorriso. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o tratamento ortodôntico corretivo melhorou a estética facial, alterando medidas do tecido mole da face, o sorriso e as relações pessoais. Concluiu-se que as pesquisas qualitativas e quantitativas são complementares, pois uma análise de resultados, baseada somente em um parâmetro, pode mascarar o resultado real e revelar aspectos parciais. A análise qualitativa indica que ângulos e proporções faciais diferentes do que é proposto cientificamente como estético não interferem com os resultados do tratamento, contanto que a percepção facial dos sujeitos envolvidos vá ao encontro dos padrões de normalidade aceitos por estes e estabelecidos pela sociedade.The aim of this study was to investigate the aesthetic results of orthodontic treatment in Class II individuals. Seven Caucasian females were randomly selected, subjected to corrective orthodontic treatment with extraction of at least two pre-molars and initiation of treatment between 16 and 26 years of age. All patients were interviewed; their speeches were recorded and then transcribed and analyzed. Plaster models, lateral radiographs and photographs contained in records were consulted to assess five quantitative parameters: facial contour, nasolabial angle, incisors golden ratio, facial and dental midline, and smile line to incisal edge. The corrective orthodontic treatment improves facial aesthetics, changing facial soft tissue measures, smile and personal relationships. It was concluded that the qualitative and quantitative research are complementary, because an analysis of results based only on one parameter can mask the actual outcome and reveal aspects partially. The qualitative analysis indicates that different facial angles and proportions of what is proposed as scientifically aesthetic does not interfere with the results of treatment, provided that the facial perception of the subjects involved meet the standards of normality and accepted by them and those set by society.

Some African species of Brachiaria have been introduced into the Americas and became the most important forage for pastures in the tropics. New cultivars can be obtained either from direct selections from the natural existing variability in the germplasm collections or from interspecific hybridizations. Polyploidy is predominant in the genus Brachiaria and correlated with apomixis which complicates hybridization. The objective of cytological studies underway on the Brachiaria germplasm collection at Embrapa Beef Cattle is to determine the chromosome number and meiotic behavior of accessions. For the breeding of Brachiaria species, compatible sexual and apomictic accessions need to be identified. Microsporogenesis was evaluated in two accessions of Brachiaria bovonei (BO01 and BO05) and one accession of B. subulifolia (SU01). BO01 is pentaploid (2n = 5x = 45), BO05 is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), and SU01 is hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54), derived from x = 9. Meiotic abnormalities typical of polyploids, characterized by precocious chromosome migration to the poles in metaphases, laggard chromosomes in anaphases, and micronuclei in telophases and tetrads, were recorded in high frequency in all the accessions generating unbalanced gametes. Both accessions of B. bovonei presented chromosome stickiness. The results are discussed in the view of the Brachiaria breeding program objectives.Algumas espécies africanas de Brachiaria foram introduzidas nas Américas e tornaram-se importantes pastagens nos trópicos. Novas cultivares podem ser obtidas por seleção direta da variabilidade genética existente na coleção de germoplasma ou por hibridização interespecífica. Poliploidia é predominante no gênero Brachiaria e correlacionada com apomixia, o que complica a hibridização. O objetivo dos estudos citogenéticos na coleção de germoplasma de Brachiaria da Embrapa Gado de Corte é determinar o número de cromossomos e o comportamento meiótico dos acessos. A microsporogênese foi avaliada em dois acessos de Brachiaria bovonei (BO01 e BO05) e um acesso de B. subulifolia (SU01). BO01 é pentaplóide (2n = 5x = 45), BO05 é tetraplóide (2n = 4x = 36), e SU01 é hexaplóide (2n = 6x = 54), todos derivados de x = 9. Anormalidades meióticas típicas de poliplóides, caracterizadas por migração precoce de cromossomos para os pólos em metáfases, cromossomos retardatários em anáfases, e micronúcleos em telófases e tétrades foram observadas em alta freqüência em todos os acessos gerando gametas geneticamente desbalanceados. Ambos os acessos de B. bovonei apresentaram aderências cromossômicas. Os resultados são discutidos sob o ponto de vista dos objetivos do melhoramento genético.

The light-curing technique is relevant to reduce the degree of polymerization shrinkage, improving clinical and esthetic success of composite resin restorations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the effect of four light-curing techniques on depth of cure of a composite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten specimens of a composite resin were made in cylindrical cavities prepared in PVC plates (3.0 X 7.0 mm) for each light-curing technique. Four photoactivation methods were investigated: stepped, ramped, pulse-delay and traditional. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned and polished for microhardness measurements (kg/mm²), which were made at 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mm from the irradiated surface. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: The effect of factors studied (curing method and distance from the surface) and the interaction of these factors was statistically significant (p

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo no setor portuário especializado na movimentação de açúcar cristal ensacado. O açúcar sempre foi exportado em sacas de 50 Kg, acondicionadas diretamente nos porões dos navios de cargas gerais. Verifica-se que esta forma de transporte vem se tornando obsoleta atualmente, o mercado direciona para a forma de transporte de açúcar ensacado em containeres. As empresas envolvidas neste tipo de movimentação portuária necessitam compreender as razões que estão influenciando esta nova modalidade de transporte como forma de se adequarem e continuarem ativas e competitivas no setor.

Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures (BFNS) is a rare, autosomal-dominant epilepsy of the newborn caused by mutations in Kv7.2 (KCNQ2) or Kv7.3 (KCNQ3) genes encoding for neuronal potassium (K+) channel subunits. In this study, we describe a sporadic case of BFNS; the affected child carried heterozygous missense mutations in both Kv7.2 (D212G) and Kv7.3 (P574S) alleles. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that the Kv7.2 D212G substitution, neutralizing a unique negatively-charged residue in the voltage sensor of Kv7.2 subunits, altered channel gating, leading to a marked destabilization of the open state, a result consistent with structural analysis of the Kv7.2 subunit, suggesting a possible pathogenetic role for BFNS of this Kv7.2 mutation. By contrast, no significant functional changes appeared to be prompted by the Kv7.3 P574S substitution. Computational modelling experiments in CA1 pyramidal cells revealed that the gating changes introduced by the Kv7.2 D212G increased cell firing frequency, thereby triggering the neuronal hyperexcitability which underlies the observed neonatal epileptic condition.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of pacifier-sucking habit with occlusal and oral myofunctional alterations in preschool children. Eighty-four 2- to 5-year-old children participated in the study. Data on duration and frequency of pacifier use were collected from parents or guardians. Occlusal and oral myofunctional characteristics were examined by a dentist and a speech therapist, respectively. Chi-square tests and Poisson regression were used to analyze the data. The occlusal characteristics that were significantly associated with a pacifier-sucking habit were anterior open bite, altered canine relation, posterior crossbite, increased overjet, and malocclusion. The oral myofunctional characteristics that were significantly associated with a pacifier-sucking habit were resting lip position, resting tongue position, shape of the hard palate, and swallowing pattern. The strongest associations were for anterior open bite (prevalence ratio [PR] = 11.33), malocclusion (PR = 2.33), altered shape of the hard palate (PR = 1.29), and altered swallowing pattern (PR = 1.27). Both duration and frequency of pacifier-sucking habit were associated with occlusal and oral myofunctional alterations. These results emphasize the need for pediatric dentists to advise parents and caregivers about the risks of prolonged pacifier use and refer children to professionals for multidisciplinary assistance to minimize these risks whenever necessary.

Microsporogenesis was analyzed in an interspecific hybrid between an artificially tetraploidized sexual accession of Brachiaria ruziziensis (R genome) and a natural apomictic tetraploid accession of B. brizantha (B genome). Chromosomes associated predominantly as bivalents. From this phase to the end of meiosis, chromosomes presented irregular segregation and abnormal arrangement in the metaphase plate. During metaphase I, in 27.8% of meiocytes, bivalents were distributed in two metaphase plates. In anaphase I, two distinct and typical bipolar spindles were formed. In 29.7% of pollen mother cells, one genome did not divide synchronically, with chromosomes lagging behind or not segregating at all. The second division was very irregular, resulting in polyads. Based on previous results from analysis of a triploid hybrid between these species, where the R genome was eliminated by asynchrony during meiosis, it is suggested that the laggard genome in this hybrid also belongs to B. ruziziensis.

Microsporogenesis and pollen development were analyzed in a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) accession of the forage grass Brachiaria jubata (BRA 007820) from the Embrapa Beef Cattle Brachiaria collection that showed partial male sterility. Microsporocytes and pollen grains were prepared by squashing and staining with 0.5% propionic carmine. The meiotic process was typical of polyploids, with precocious chromosome migration to the poles and laggards in both meiosis I and II, resulting in tetrads with micronuclei in some microspores. After callose dissolution, microspores were released into the anther locule and appeared to be normal. Although each microspore initiated its differentiation into a pollen grain, in 11.1% of them nucleus polarization was not observed, i.e., pollen mitosis I was symmetric and the typical hemispherical cell plate was not detected. After a central cytokinesis, two equal-sized cells showing equal chromatin condensation and the same nuclear shape and size were formed. Generative cells and vegetative cells could not be distinguished. These cells did not undergo the second pollen mitosis and after completion of pollen wall synthesis each gave rise to a sterile and uninucleate pollen grain. The frequency of abnormal pollen mitosis varied among flowers and also among inflorescences. All plants were equally affected. The absence of fertile sperm cells in a considerable amount of pollen grains in this accession of B. jubata may compromise its use in breeding and could explain, at least in part, why seed production is low when compared with the amount of flowers per raceme.

Este artigo descreve inquérito realizado durante campanha de vacinação para avaliação rápida das práticas de alimentação infantil em área urbana de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados os pais ou responsáveis de todas as crianças menores de um ano de idade que compareceram a oito postos de vacinação selecionados mediante sorteio. A duração mediana das práticas de aleitamento materno foi calculada pela técnica de análise de probitos. Das 719 crianças entrevistadas, 692 (96,2%) iniciaram o aleitamento materno e somente 63 (8,9%) crianças estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo. A duração mediana da amamentação foi de 205,93 dias. As crianças nascidas por cesariana apresentaram maior risco ao desmame: OR (IC95%) = 1,51 (1,09-2,09), após controle por variáveis de confusão (escolaridade da mãe, peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e se iniciou amamentação). A duração mediana do aleitamento segundo tipo de parto foi maior para parto normal ou fórceps (227,38; IC95% = 195,19-271,16 dias) em relação ao parto cesariano (192,84; IC95% = 128,23-273,34 dias). Observou-se introdução precoce de outros alimentos, particularmente água/chás e leite de vaca, com idade mediana de introdução de 30 dias. Os resultados sugerem medidas de intervenção para promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo junto aos serviços de saúde do município.This paper describes a rapid assessment of current infant feeding practices conducted during a mass immunization campaign in an urban area of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. Parents or guardians of all infants (< 1 year) attending the 8 randomly-selected health centers were interviewed. Median duration of breastfeeding practices was estimated by probit analysis. Of the 719 infants, 692 (96.2%) began breastfeeding, and only 63 (8.9%) were in exclusive breastfeeding. Median duration of total breastfeeding (exclusive plus partial) was 205.93 days. Infants born by cesarean section showed a higher risk of early weaning: OR (95%CI) = 1.51 (1.09-2.09) after adjusting for confounding variables (mother's educational level, gestational age, birth weight, whether breastfed). Median duration of total breastfeeding was higher among infants born by vaginal delivery (227.38 days; 95%CI = 195.19-271.16) as compared to cesarean section (192.84 days; 95%CI = 128.23-273.34). Early introduction of weaning foods such as water/herbal tea and cow's milk was observed with a median age at introduction of 30 days. These findings indicate the need to improve strategies by the public health services to promote exclusive breastfeeding.

Este artigo descreve inquérito realizado durante campanha de vacinação para avaliação rápida das práticas de alimentação infantil em área urbana de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados os pais ou responsáveis de todas as crianças menores de um ano de idade que compareceram a oito postos de vacinação selecionados mediante sorteio. A duração mediana das práticas de aleitamento materno foi calculada pela técnica de análise de probitos. Das 719 crianças entrevistadas, 692 (96,2%) iniciaram o aleitamento materno e somente 63 (8,9%) crianças estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo. A duração mediana da amamentação foi de 205,93 dias. As crianças nascidas por cesariana apresentaram maior risco ao desmame: OR (IC95%) = 1,51 (1,09-2,09), após controle por variáveis de confusão (escolaridade da mãe, peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e se iniciou amamentação). A duração mediana do aleitamento segundo tipo de parto foi maior para parto normal ou fórceps (227,38; IC95% = 195,19-271,16 dias) em relação ao parto cesariano (192,84; IC95% = 128,23-273,34 dias). Observou-se introdução precoce de outros alimentos, particularmente água/chás e leite de vaca, com idade mediana de introdução de 30 dias. Os resultados sugerem medidas de intervenção para promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo junto aos serviços de saúde do município.

Cytogenetic studies were carried out on 22 accessions of Brachiaria jubata from the Embrapa Beef Cattle Brachiaria collection. One accession was diploid (2n = 2x = 18) and the remaining 21 were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36). Among five tetraploid accessions, a specific and constant pattern of cell fusion involving only two microsporocytes was recorded. Meiosis proceeded normally from prophase I to the end, giving rise to an octad with normal microspores that developed into fertile pollen grains. Regular octad formation was possible because each cellular chromosome set was maintained in its proper domain, spindles were correctly positioned, and cytokinesis planes were formed in the correct places. Such behavior of meiosis in syncytes has never been reported in any other plant species.

BACKGROUND:Dental caries is a serious public health concern. The high cost of dental treatment can be avoided by effective preventive measures, which are dependent on dentists' adherence. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that drive dentists towards or away from dental caries preventive measures. METHODS AND FINDINGS:This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42012002235). Several databases as well as the reference lists and citations of the included publications were searched according to PRISMA guidelines, yielding 18,276 titles and abstracts, which were assessed to determine study eligibility. Seven qualitative studies and 41 surveys (36,501 participants) remained after data extraction and interpretation. A total of 43 findings were abstracted from the reports and were grouped together into 6 categories that were judged to be topically similar: education and training, personal beliefs, work conditions, remuneration, gender, place of residence and patients. The main findings for adherence based on their calculated frequency effect sizes (ES) were teamwork (21%) and post-graduation (12%), while for non-adherence were biologicism (27%), and remuneration for preventive procedures (25%). Intensity ES were also calculated and demonstrated low prevalence of the findings. Quality assessment of the studies demonstrated that the methodological quality, particularly of surveys, varied widely among studies. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the questionable quality of the included reports, the evidence that emerged seems to indicate that further education and training coupled with a fairer pay scheme would be a reasonable approach to change the balance in favor of the provision of dental caries preventive measures by dentists. The results of this review could be of value in the planning and decision making processes aimed at encouraging changes in professional dental practice that could result in the improvement of the oral health care provided to the population in general.

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has become a mainstay treatment modality for a select patient population who do not respond to conventional medical therapy suffering from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. This therapy necessitates the utilization of anticoagulation, whether unfractionated heparin or bivalirudin, to prevent thrombotic complications. Scarce are reports of VV-ECMO implementation leading to acute hemorrhage mandating cessation of anticoagulation in a patient suffering from COVID-19 ARDS. Herein, the authors report a case of a successful outcome in a COVID-19 ARDS patient who suffered an acute hemorrhagic complication leading to pre-emptive termination of systemic anticoagulation. The authors believe this to be one of the first such cases in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often labeled the forgotten ventricle, the right ventricle's (RV) importance has been magnified over the last 2 years as providers witnessed how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has a predilection for exacerbating RV failure. Venovenous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has become a mainstay treatment modality for a select patient population suffering from severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Concomitant early implementation of a right ventricular assist device with ECMO (RVAD-ECMO) may confer benefit in patient outcomes. The underlying mechanism of RV failure in COVID-19 has a multifactorial etiopathogenesis; nonetheless, clinical evaluation of a patient necessitating RV support remains unchanged. Herein, the authors report the case of a critically ill patient who was transitioned from a conventional VV-ECMO Medtronic Crescent cannula to RVAD-ECMO, with the insertion of the LivaNova ProtekDuo dual-lumen RVAD cannula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de composto de lodo de esgoto como componente de substrato para produção de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis. Doses de composto de lodo de esgoto e casaca de arroz carbonizada foram estabelecidas com as seguintes proporções: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60 e 20/80, as quais foram comparadas ao substrato comercial comumente utilizado em viveiros. Os resultados de crescimento e nutrição com o uso de substratos contendo lodo de esgoto compostado foram maiores do que com o substrato comercial. A utilização de composto de lodo de esgoto em níveis acima de 40% é favorável ao desenvolvimento das mudas, sendo uma forma viável de destinação deste material.

The flow field inside a cooling channel for the trailing edge of gas turbine blades has been numerically investigated with the aim to highlight the effects of channel rotation and orientation. A commercial 3D RANS solver including a SST turbulence model has been used to compute the isothermal steady air flow inside both static and rotating passages. Simulations were performed at a Reynolds number equal to 20000, a rotation number (Ro) of 0, 0.23, and 0.46, and channel orientations of γ=0∘, 22.5°, and 45°, extending previous results towards new engine-like working conditions. The numerical results have been carefully validated against experimental data obtained by the same authors for conditions γ=0∘ and Ro = 0, 0.23. Rotation effects are shown to alter significantly the flow field inside both inlet and trailing edge regions. These effects are attenuated by an increase of the channel orientation from γ=0∘ to 45°.