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53. PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport facilitates root−obstacle avoidance.

Author

Lee, Hyo‐Jun, Kim, Hyun‐Soon, Park, Jeong Mee, Cho, Hye Sun, and Jeon, Jae Heung

Subjects
AUXIN
Abstract

Summary: Plants sense mechanical stimuli to recognise nearby obstacles and change their growth patterns to adapt to the surrounding environment. When roots encounter an obstacle, they rapidly bend away from the impenetrable surface and find the edge of the barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying root−obstacle avoidance are largely unknown.Here, we demonstrate that PIN‐FORMED (PIN)‐mediated polar auxin transport facilitates root bending during obstacle avoidance. We analysed two types of bending after roots touched barriers. In auxin receptor mutants, the rate of root movement during first bending was largely delayed. Gravity‐oriented second bending was also disturbed in these mutants.The reporter assays showed that asymmetrical auxin responses occurred in the roots during obstacle avoidance. Pharmacological analysis suggested that polar auxin transport mediates local auxin accumulation. We found that PINs are required for auxin‐assisted root bending during obstacle avoidance.We propose that rapid root movement during obstacle avoidance is not just a passive but an active bending completed through polar auxin transport. Our findings suggest that auxin plays a role in thigmotropism during plant−obstacle interactions. See also the Commentary on this article by Zhang & Friml, 225: 1049–1052. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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57. Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses function in the HRT‐mediated hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana

Author

Moon, Ju Yeon, Lee, Jeong Hee, Oh, Chang‐Sik, Kang, Hong‐Gu, and Park, Jeong Mee

Subjects
genetic structures, Cell Death, Tunicamycin, food and beverages, Original Articles, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Stress, Physiological, Tobacco, Capsid Proteins, Carmovirus, Plant Immunity, Gene Silencing, Plant Proteins, Protein Binding
Abstract

HRT is a plant coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) disease resistance protein that triggers the hypersensitive response (HR) on recognition of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) coat protein (CP). The molecular mechanism and significance of HR-mediated cell death for TCV resistance have not been fully elucidated. To identify the genes involved in HRT/TCV CP-mediated HR in Nicotiana benthamiana, we performed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of 459 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of pathogen-responsive Capsicum annuum genes. VIGS of CaBLP5, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP), silenced NbBiP4 and NbBiP5 and significantly reduced HRT-mediated HR. The induction of ER stress-responsive genes and the accumulation of ER-targeted BiPs in response to HRT-mediated HR suggest that ER is involved in HR in N. benthamiana. BiP4/5 silencing significantly down-regulated HRT at the mRNA and protein levels, and affected SGT1 and HSP90 expression. Co-expression of TCV CP in BiP4/5-silenced plants completely abolished HRT induction. Transient expression of TCV CP alone induced selected ER stress-responsive gene transcripts only in Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-infected plants, and most of these genes were induced by HRT/TCV CP, except for bZIP60, which was induced specifically in response to HRT/TCV CP. TCV CP-mediated induction of ER stress-responsive genes still occurred in BiP4/5-silenced plants, but HRT/TCV CP-mediated induction of these genes was defective. Tunicamycin, a chemical that inhibits protein N-glycosylation, inhibited HRT-mediated HR, suggesting that ER has a role in HR regulation. These results indicate that BiP and ER, which modulate pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity, also regulate R protein-mediated resistance.

Published
2016

72. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species

Author

Kim, Seungill, primary, Park, Minkyu, additional, Yeom, Seon-In, additional, Kim, Yong-Min, additional, Lee, Je Min, additional, Lee, Hyun-Ah, additional, Seo, Eunyoung, additional, Choi, Jaeyoung, additional, Cheong, Kyeongchae, additional, Kim, Ki-Tae, additional, Jung, Kyongyong, additional, Lee, Gir-Won, additional, Oh, Sang-Keun, additional, Bae, Chungyun, additional, Kim, Saet-Byul, additional, Lee, Hye-Young, additional, Kim, Shin-Young, additional, Kim, Myung-Shin, additional, Kang, Byoung-Cheorl, additional, Jo, Yeong Deuk, additional, Yang, Hee-Bum, additional, Jeong, Hee-Jin, additional, Kang, Won-Hee, additional, Kwon, Jin-Kyung, additional, Shin, Chanseok, additional, Lim, Jae Yun, additional, Park, June Hyun, additional, Huh, Jin Hoe, additional, Kim, June-Sik, additional, Kim, Byung-Dong, additional, Cohen, Oded, additional, Paran, Ilan, additional, Suh, Mi Chung, additional, Lee, Saet Buyl, additional, Kim, Yeon-Ki, additional, Shin, Younhee, additional, Noh, Seung-Jae, additional, Park, Junhyung, additional, Seo, Young Sam, additional, Kwon, Suk-Yoon, additional, Kim, Hyun A, additional, Park, Jeong Mee, additional, Kim, Hyun-Jin, additional, Choi, Sang-Bong, additional, Bosland, Paul W, additional, Reeves, Gregory, additional, Jo, Sung-Hwan, additional, Lee, Bong-Woo, additional, Cho, Hyung-Taeg, additional, Choi, Hee-Seung, additional, Lee, Min-Soo, additional, Yu, Yeisoo, additional, Do Choi, Yang, additional, Park, Beom-Seok, additional, van Deynze, Allen, additional, Ashrafi, Hamid, additional, Hill, Theresa, additional, Kim, Woo Taek, additional, Pai, Hyun-Sook, additional, Ahn, Hee Kyung, additional, Yeam, Inhwa, additional, Giovannoni, James J, additional, Rose, Jocelyn K C, additional, Sørensen, Iben, additional, Lee, Sang-Jik, additional, Kim, Ryan W, additional, Choi, Ik-Young, additional, Choi, Beom-Soon, additional, Lim, Jong-Sung, additional, Lee, Yong-Hwan, additional, and Choi, Doil, additional

Published
2014
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97. A dynamin-like protein in Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in biogenesis of thylakoid membranes.

Author

Park, Jeong Mee, Ja Hyang Cho, Shin Gene Kang, Hyun Jung Jang, Kyeong Tae Pih, Hai Lan Piao, Moo Je Cho, and Inhwan Hwang

Subjects
*ARABIDOPSIS thaliana, *ENDOCYTOSIS, *TRANSGENIC plants, *CHLOROPLAST formation, *G proteins, *PLANT molecular biology
Abstract

Dynamin, a GTP-binding protein found in rat brain, plays a role in endocytosis. Suborganellar fractionation studies of Arabidopsis leaf tissue revealed that a dynamin-like protein, ADL1, is localized in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This notion was supported further by in vivo targeting experiments using an ADL1—green fluorescent fusion protein and immunogold labeling with the anti-ADL1 antibody. Transgenic plants harboring various deletion mutant genes of ADL1 had a yellow leaf phenotype where the cells had very few chloroplasts. In addition, the remaining chloroplasts appeared morphologically not fully developed. The detailed structure of the chloroplasts revealed by electron microscopy showed a greatly reduced amount of thylakoid membranes. Also, the level of thylakoid membrane proteins such as the light-harvesting complex II and CP29 was greatly reduced in these transgenic plants. When we examined the expression of the ADL1 deletion mutant genes, these genes were highly expressed at the transcriptional level. However, the mutant ADL1s were not detectable at the protein level by Western blot analysis. Moreover, the endogenous ADL1 protein level was greatly reduced in these transgenic plants, probably due to a post-transcriptional silencing effect of the transgenes. We propose, therefore, that ADLl is involved in the biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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98. Flow arrest during carotid artery stenting with a distal embolic protection device: A single-center experience and clinical implications.

Author

Hong N, Park JM, Kim SB, and Son YJ

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the incidence of flow arrest during carotid artery stenting (CAS) with filter-type embolic protection device (EPD), identify any predisposing factors for those situations, and contemplate intraprocedural precautionary steps., Methods: CAS was performed in 128 patients with 132 arteries using filter-type EPD. The characteristics of treated patients and arteries were compared between groups with and without flow arrest., Results: The incidence of flow arrest during CAS with filter-type EPD was 17.4%. In flow arrest group, cases of vulnerable plaques (p=0.02) and symptomatic lesions (p=0.01) were significantly more common, and there were more cases of debris captured by EPD in a planar pattern (p<0.01). Vulnerable plaques were significantly more common in the procedures showing a planar pattern than in the cases with other patterns (p<0.01). Flow arrest group showed a significantly higher rate of ischemic complications (p<0.05), although there were no significant periprocedural neurological changes. The planar pattern of captured debris in filter-type EPD was the only significant risk factor for flow arrest (adjusted odds ratio 88.44, 95% confidence interval 15.21-514.45, p<0.05)., Conclusions: Flow arrest during CAS with filter-type EPD is not uncommon and associated with increased ischemic complications. Symptomatic stenoses and vulnerable plaque are related to this event. The planar pattern of captured debris on the EPD was the only significant risk factor for the flow arrest. Clinicians must pay attention to the occurrence of flow arrest and react quickly when performing CAS.

Published
2024
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99. Changes of gait characteristics in a child with femoral nerve injury: a 16-month follow-up case study.

Author

Hwang S, Park JM, and Kim Y

Subjects
Child, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Femoral Nerve physiology, Gait physiology, Knee Joint physiology, Range of Motion, Articular physiology
Abstract

An 11-year-old child was able to walk independently even though he had injured his femoral nerve severely due to a penetrating wound in the medial thigh. In this study, gait analysis was conducted five times totally for 16 months to observe the characteristics of the gait parameters, which enabled him to walk independently. The cadence, walking speed, stride length, step length, stride time, step time, double limb support, and single limb support all improved after the third test (GA3). Insufficient knee flexion during the stance phase, that was the main problem of the subject, improved from 0.96° to the normal level of 17.01°. Although hip extension was also insufficient at the first test it subsequently improved and reached the normal range at the GA5. The peaks of the ground reaction force curve were low at the initial tests. However, these eventually improved and reached the reference values. The knee extensor moment during the stance phase increased markedly at the last test. Although the child lost his femoral nerve function, he was able to walk independently by compensating for the major function of the rectus femoris. In order to facilitate shock-absorption and move the feet forward, he reduced both gait speed and stride length, respectively. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into how clinicians set up their therapy goals, while considering compensations and changes over time.

Published
2016
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100. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa.

Author

Kim HA, Shin AY, Lee MS, Lee HJ, Lee HR, Ahn J, Nahm S, Jo SH, Park JM, and Kwon SY

Subjects
Chromosome Mapping, Cucumis melo classification, Flowers genetics, Fruit genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Linkage, Plant Leaves genetics, Plant Roots genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cucumis melo genetics, Genome, Plant, Microsatellite Repeats, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Transcriptome
Abstract

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa) is one of six subspecies of melon and is cultivated widely in East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Although oriental melon is economically valuable in Asia and is genetically distinct from other subspecies, few reports of genome-scale research on oriental melon have been published. We generated 30.5 and 36.8 Gb of raw RNA sequence data from the female and male flowers, leaves, roots, and fruit of two oriental melon varieties, Korean landrace (KM) and Breeding line of NongWoo Bio Co. (NW), respectively. From the raw reads, 64,998 transcripts from KM and 100,234 transcripts from NW were de novo assembled. The assembled transcripts were used to identify molecular markers (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats), detect tissue-specific expressed genes, and construct a genetic linkage map. In total, 234 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 25 simple sequence repeats were screened from 7,871 and 8,052 candidates, respectively, between the KM and NW varieties and used for construction of a genetic map with 94 F2 population specimens. The genetic linkage map consisted of 12 linkage groups, and 248 markers were assigned. These transcriptome and molecular marker data provide information useful for molecular breeding of oriental melon and further comparative studies of the Cucurbitaceae family.

Published
2016
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