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Abstract Background Chronic cough is a common symptom in patients post the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and the clinical characteristics of patients with post-COVID-19 chronic cough during the Omicron era. Methods An ambispective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted that included patients with post-COVID-19 who attended the respiratory clinic at our hospital between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023 with a complaint of persistent cough lasting more than 8 weeks. At 30 and 60 days after the first clinic visit for post-COVID-19 chronic cough, enrolled patients were prospectively followed up. We compared the changes in symptoms and pulmonary function between patients receiving ICS treatment (ICS group) and those not receiving ICS treatment (NICS group) at the two visits. Results A total of 104 patients with post-COVID-19 chronic cough were enrolled in this study (ICS group, n = 51; NICS group, n = 53). The most common symptoms accompanying post-COVID-19 chronic cough were sputum (58.7%, 61/104) and dyspnea (48.1%, 50/104). Seventy-one (82.6%, 71/86) patients had airway hyperresponsiveness, and 49 patients (47.1%, 49/104) were newly diagnosed with asthma. Most patients (95.2%, 99/104) exhibited improvement at 60 days after the first visit. The pulmonary function parameters of the patients in the ICS group were significantly improved compared to the baseline values (P

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy during preoperative neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of clinical Stages II and III. The patients received camrelizumab plus chemotherapy regimen on Day 1 for up to three to four cycles (3 weeks per cycle). The probabilities of overall survival (OS) were 55.6% at 12 months and 35.6% at 18 months (45 patients). The disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 70.0% at 12 months and 63.3% at 18 months (30 patients). The median OS and DFS were not reached. The proportion of patients at postneoadjuvant pathological tumor stages ypT0, ypT2, and ypT3 were 10 (33.3%), 14 (46.7%), and 6 (20.0%), respectively, and those at stages ypN0 and ypN1 were 19 (63.3%) and 11 (36.7%), respectively. Additionally, the pathological complete response rate was 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.154–0.512), and the major pathologic response rate was 46.7% (95% CI: 0.277–0.656). Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were reported in five patients (11.1%), with vomiting being the most common AE (three patients; 3.3%). Other common AEs of any grade included decreased lymphocyte count (48.9%), reactive capillary endothelial proliferation (46.7%), decreased white blood cell count (40.0%), anemia (31.1%), and vomiting (31.1%). The combination of camrelizumab and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced resectable ESCC demonstrated promising efficacy and acceptable safety.

Abstract Food for special medical purposes (FSMP) has received increasing attention as an enteral nutritional supplement. To investigate the effects of whole nutritional formula (WNF) containing dietary fiber and regular formula on nutritional supplementation and improvement of intestinal microecology, a rat malnutrition model was established with the formulations of WNF, FOS, and SDF (10, 20 g/kg bw) administered by gavage for 30 days. The results showed that the three formulations effectively improved the nutritional status of the malnourished rats, significantly increasing the level of IgG, increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and affecting the content of propionic acid (PRO). The nutritional status of rats is closely related to growth performance, nutritional indexes, and immunoglobulin index, which cause changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. The above results showed that WNF positively affected the nutritional improvement, immune level, and intestinal health of rats. The comprehensive evaluation also suggested that the formulation containing ginseng water‐soluble dietary fiber (ginseng‐SDF) had the most significant effect.

Schistosomiasis, a parasite infectious disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum, often leads to egg granuloma and fibrosis due to the inflammatory reaction triggered by egg antigens released in the host liver. This study focuses on the role of the egg antigens CP1412 protein of S. japonicum (SjCP1412) with RNase activity in promoting liver fibrosis. In this study, the recombinant egg ribonuclease SjCP1412, which had RNase activity, was successfully prepared. By analysing the serum of the population, it has been proven that the anti-SjCP1412 IgG in the serum of patients with advanced schistosomiasis was moderately correlated with liver fibrosis, and SjCP1412 may be an important antigen associated with liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis. In vitro, the rSjCP1412 protein induced the human liver cancer cell line Hep G2 and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells apoptosis and necrosis and the release of proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In mice infected with schistosomes, rSjCP1412 immunization or antibody neutralization of SjCP1412 activity significantly reduced cell apoptosis and necroptosis in liver tissue, thereby reducing inflammation and liver fibrosis. In summary, the SjCP1412 protein plays a crucial role in promoting liver fibrosis during schistosomiasis through mediating the liver cells apoptosis and necroptosis to release DAMPs inducing an inflammatory reaction. Blocking SjCP1412 activity could inhibit its proapoptotic and necrotic effects and alleviate hepatic fibrosis. These findings suggest that SjCP1412 may be served as a promising drug target for managing liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis japonica.

Enantioselective cyclopropanation of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides (SY) has so far been limited to addition/ring closure reactions on electron-poor olefins. Herein, we report the iridium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of SY in the presence of a chiral diene in up to 96% yield and 98% enantioselectivity. Moreover, density functional theory calculations suggest that the re face of the olefin preferably attacks an iridium carbene intermediate in an asynchronous concerted step that is independent of the geometry of the olefin.

IntroductionAlcohol consumption alters the diversity and metabolic activities of gut microbiota, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction and contributing to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and action mechanism of an aqueous extraction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus (PFE) on alcoholic liver injury.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were used to establish the mouse model of alcoholic liver injury and orally administered 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/d of PFE for 2 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze the mechanism of action of PFE in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury.ResultsTreatment with PFE significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury, as illustrated by the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in ALD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of PFE not only maintained the intestinal barrier integrity prominently by upregulating mucous production and tight junction protein expressions but also sensibly reversed the dysregulation of intestinal microecology in alcohol-treated mice. Furthermore, PFE treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and attenuated oxidative stress as well as inflammation related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PFE supplementation also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ALD mice.ConclusionAdministration of PFE effectively prevents alcohol-induced liver injury and may also regulate the LPS-involved gut–liver axis; this could provide valuable insights for the development of drugs to prevent and treat ALD.

Cotton, a vital textile raw material, is intricately linked to people’s livelihoods. Throughout the cotton cultivation process, various diseases threaten cotton crops, significantly impacting both cotton quality and yield. Deep learning has emerged as a crucial tool for detecting these diseases. However, deep learning models with high accuracy often come with redundant parameters, making them challenging to deploy on resource-constrained devices. Existing detection models struggle to strike the right balance between accuracy and speed, limiting their utility in this context. This study introduces the CDDLite-YOLO model, an innovation based on the YOLOv8 model, designed for detecting cotton diseases in natural field conditions. The C2f-Faster module replaces the Bottleneck structure in the C2f module within the backbone network, using partial convolution. The neck network adopts Slim-neck structure by replacing the C2f module with the GSConv and VoVGSCSP modules, based on GSConv. In the head, we introduce the MPDIoU loss function, addressing limitations in existing loss functions. Additionally, we designed the PCDetect detection head, integrating the PCD module and replacing some CBS modules with PCDetect. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the CDDLite-YOLO model, achieving a remarkable mean average precision (mAP) of 90.6%. With a mere 1.8M parameters, 3.6G FLOPS, and a rapid detection speed of 222.22 FPS, it outperforms other models, showcasing its superiority. It successfully strikes a harmonious balance between detection speed, accuracy, and model size, positioning it as a promising candidate for deployment on an embedded GPU chip without sacrificing performance. Our model serves as a pivotal technical advancement, facilitating timely cotton disease detection and providing valuable insights for the design of detection models for agricultural inspection robots and other resource-constrained agricultural devices.

Middle and low frequency band sound waves have strong penetration and diffraction abilities during the propagation process, making it difficult to attenuate. The control of middle and low frequency broadband sound waves has become a challenging topic. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new materials or structures with middle and low frequency sound absorption, insulation, and noise reduction functions. The special properties of acoustic metamaterial provide new ideas for the development of sound absorption and insulation. In order to effectively control the noise in the lower frequency band, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial was designed. First, the mechanism of band gap characteristics of a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial is analyzed. Then, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial is completed through the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics and the calculation and analysis of sound absorption and insulation performance in the 100–2500 Hz frequency band are completed. With the help of 3D printing, the preparation of metamaterial is completed, and the comparative experimental study of sound absorption and insulation performance of spiral acoustic metamaterial is carried out to verify the accuracy of the calculation method.

Owing to the tissue characteristics of tendons with few blood vessels and cells, the regeneration and repair of injured tendons can present a considerable challenge, which considerably affects the motor function of limbs and leads to serious physical and mental pain, along with an economic burden on patients. Herein, we designed and fabricated a dipeptide hydrogel (DPH) using polypeptides P11-4 and P11-8. This hydrogel exhibited self-assembly characteristics and could be administered in vitro. To endow the hydrogel with differentiation and regeneration abilities, we added different concentrations of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) to form GDF5@DPH. GDF5@DPH promoted the aggregation and differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells and promoted the regeneration and repair of tendon cells and collagen fibers in injured areas. In addition, GDF5@DPH inhibited inflammatory reactions in the injured area. Owing to its injectable properties, DPH can jointly inhibit adhesion and scar hyperplasia between tissues caused by endogenous inflammation and exogenous surgery and can provide a favorable internal environment for the regeneration and repair of the injured area. Overall, the GDF5@DPH system exhibits considerable promise as a novel approach to treating tendon injury.

Abstract Aim This Study Aimed to Assess the Intention to Have a Third Child among Millennial Parents (25–40 years old) with Two Children in a City in Eastern China and to Explore the Influencing Factors Related to Fertility Intention. Design A cross‐sectional design study. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to enrol participants of childbearing age who visited two tertiary hospitals in Hang zhou, a city in eastern China, from June 2021 to March 2022. We conducted a face‐to‐face questionnaire survey with 520 participants and calculated the prevalence of intention‐related factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the independent influencing factors of fertility intention. Results In total, 105 (20.2%) participants had the intention to have a third child. The results showed that ‘employment status’, ‘age’, ‘reasons for wanting a third child’, the considered ‘biggest barrier to having a third child’, ‘views on the three‐child policy’, ‘desired free services’, ‘supporting work policies’ and ‘assistance policies’ were significant independent influencing factors of intention to have a third child (p‐value

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly prevalent and potent infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, the world is still endeavoring to develop new ways to diagnose and treat COVID-19. At present, the clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19 mainly targets the spike protein on the surface of SRAS-CoV-2. However, with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern (VOC), targeting the spike protein therapy shows a high degree of limitation. The Nucleocapsid Protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 is highly conserved in virus evolution and is involved in the key process of viral infection and assembly. It is the most expressed viral structural protein after SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and has high immunogenicity. Therefore, N protein as the key factor of virus infection and replication in basic research and clinical application has great potential research value. This article reviews the research progress on the structure and biological function of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, the diagnosis and drug research of targeting N protein, in order to promote researchers’ further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, and lay a theoretical foundation for the possible outbreak of new and sudden coronavirus infectious diseases in the future.

ObjectivesSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease that is one of the most common in childhood neuromuscular disorders. Our screenings are more meaningful programs in preventing birth defects, providing a significant resource for healthcare professionals, genetic counselors, and policymakers involved in designing strategies to prevent and manage SMA.MethodWe screened 39,647 participants from 2020 to the present by quantitative real-time PCR, including 7,231 pre-pregnancy participants and 32,416 pregnancy participants, to detect the presence of SMN1 gene EX7 and EX8 deletion in the DNA samples provided by the subjects. To validate the accuracy of our findings, we also utilized the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to confirm the reliability of screening results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultAmong the 39,647 participants who were screened, 726 participants were the carriers of SMN1. The overall carrier rate was calculated to be 1.83% (95% confidence interval: 0.86–2.8%). After undergoing screening, a total of 592 pregnancy carriers were provided with genetic counseling and only 503 of their spouses (84.97, 95% confidence interval: 82.09–87.85%) voluntarily underwent SMA screening.ConclusionThis study provides crucial insights into the prevalence and distribution of SMA carriers among the female population. The identification of 726 asymptomatic carriers highlights the necessity of comprehensive screening programs to identify at-risk individuals and ensure appropriate interventions are in place to minimize the impact of SMA-related conditions.

ABSTRACTThe nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays significant roles in viral assembly, immune evasion, and viral stability. Due to its immunogenicity, high expression levels during COVID-19, and conservation across viral strains, it represents an attractive target for antiviral treatment. In this study, we identified and characterized a single-stranded DNA aptamer, N-Apt17, which effectively disrupts the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mediated by the N protein. To enhance the aptamer’s stability, a circular bivalent form, cb-N-Apt17, was designed and evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that cb-N-Apt17 exhibited improved stability, enhanced binding affinity, and superior inhibition of N protein LLPS; thus, it has the potential inhibition ability on viral replication. These results provide valuable evidence supporting the potential of cb-N-Apt17 as a promising candidate for the development of antiviral therapies against COVID-19.IMPORTANCEVariants of SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant challenge to currently available COVID-19 vaccines and therapies due to the rapid epitope changes observed in the viral spike protein. However, the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2, a highly conserved structural protein, offers promising potential as a target for inhibiting viral replication. The N protein forms complexes with genomic RNA, interacts with other viral structural proteins during virion assembly, and plays a critical role in evading host innate immunity by impairing interferon production during viral infection. In this investigation, we discovered a single-stranded DNA aptamer, designated as N-Apt17, exhibiting remarkable affinity and specificity for the N protein. Notably, N-Apt17 disrupts the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the N protein. To enhance the stability and molecular recognition capabilities of N-Apt17, we designed a circular bivalent DNA aptamer termed cb-N-Apt17. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, cb-N-Apt17 exhibited increased stability, enhanced binding affinity, and superior LLPS disrupting ability. Thus, our study provides essential proof-of-principle evidence supporting the further development of cb-N-Apt17 as a therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.

HD-Zip (Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper) is a family of transcription factors unique to higher plants and plays a vital role in plant growth and development. Increasing research results show that HD-Zip transcription factors are widely involved in many life processes in plants. However, the HD-Zip transcription factor for cannabis, a valuable crop, has not yet been identified. The sequence characteristics, chromosome localization, system evolution, conservative motif, gene structure, and gene expression of the HD-Zip transcription factor in the cannabis genome were systematically studied. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify its function. The results showed that cannabis contained 33 HD-Zip gene members. The number of amino acids is 136–849aa, the isoelectric point is 4.54–9.04, and the molecular weight is 23264.32–93147.87Da. Many cis-acting elements are corresponding to hormone and abiotic stress in the HD-Zip family promoter area of cannabis. Sequencing of the transcriptome at 5 tissue sites of hemp, stems, leaves, bracts, and seeds showed similar levels of expression of 33 members of the HD-Zip gene family at 5 tissue sites. Bioinformatics results show that HD-Zip expression is tissue-specific and may be influenced by hormones and environmental factors. This lays a foundation for further research on the gene function of HD-Zip.

Introduction: We here describe a new method for distinguishing authentic Bletilla striata from similar decoctions (namely, Gastrodia elata, Polygonatum odoratum, and Bletilla ochracea schltr).Methods: Preliminary identification and analysis of four types of decoction pieces were conducted following the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local standards. Intelligent sensory data were then collected using an electronic nose, an electronic tongue, and an electronic eye, and chromatography data were obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machines (SVM), and back propagation neural network (BP-NN) models were built using each set of single-source data for authenticity identification (binary classification of B. striata vs. other samples) and for species determination (multi-class sample identification). Features were extracted from all datasets using an unsupervised approach [principal component analysis (PCA)] and a supervised approach (PLS-DA). Mid-level data fusion was then used to combine features from the four datasets and the effects of feature extraction methods on model performance were compared.Results and Discussion: Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) showed significant differences in the types and abundances of volatile organic compounds between the four sample types. In authenticity determination, the PLS-DA and SVM models based on fused latent variables (LVs) performed the best, with 100% accuracy in both the calibration and validation sets. In species identification, the PLS-DA model built with fused principal components (PCs) or fused LVs had the best performance, with 100% accuracy in the calibration set and just one misclassification in the validation set. In the PLS-DA and SVM authenticity identification models, fused LVs performed better than fused PCs. Model analysis was used to identify PCs that strongly contributed to accurate sample classification, and a PC factor loading matrix was used to assess the correlation between PCs and the original variables. This study serves as a reference for future efforts to accurately evaluate the quality of Chinese medicine decoction pieces, promoting medicinal formulation safety.

A case study of catalytic carbon-carbon σ-bond homolysis is presented. The coordination of a redox-active Lewis acid catalyst reduces the bond-dissociation free energies of adjacent carbon-carbon σ-bonds, and this complexation-induced bond-weakening is used to effect reversible carbon-carbon bond homolysis. Stereochemical isomerization of 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes was investigated as a model reaction with a ruthenium (III/II) redox couple adopted for bond weakening. Results from our mechanistic investigation into the stereospecificity of the isomerization reaction are consistent with selective complexation-induced carbon-carbon bond homolysis. The ΔG‡ of catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions were estimated to be 14.4 and 40.0 kcal/mol, respectively with the computational method, (U)PBE0-D3/def2-TZVPP-SMD(toluene)//(U)B3LYP-D3/def2-SVP. We report this work as the first catalytic example where the complexation-induced bond-weakening effect is quantified through transition state analysis.

Abstract New therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed to halt the fibrosing process in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). SHR‐1906 is a novel fully humanized monoclonal antibody against the connective tissue growth factor, which plays an essential role in the genesis of IPF. We assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and immunogenicity of single dose SHR‐1906 in healthy participants. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation, phase I study. Twelve healthy participants for each dose level were enrolled to receive single ascending doses of SHR‐1906 intravenously (1.5, 6, 12, 20, 30, and 45 mg/kg) or placebo and followed for 71 days. The primary end points were safety and tolerability. Treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 25 participants (46.3%) in the SHR‐1906 group and 11 (61.1%) in the placebo group. No serious adverse events occurred. Over the dose range investigated, the geometric mean clearance was 0.14–0.63 mL/h/kg, the geometric mean volume of distribution at steady‐state was 47.4–75.5 mL/kg, and the terminal elimination half‐life was 51.9–349 h. SHR‐1906 showed nonlinear PKs. The peak concentration increased in a dose‐proportional manner, whereas the area under the concentration–time curve showed a greater than dose‐proportional increase. Anti‐drug antibodies of SHR‐1906 were detected in nine of 54 participants (16.7%). A single dose of SHR‐1906 up to 45 mg/kg demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile in healthy participants. The PKs and immunogenicity of SHR‐1906 were evaluated, supporting further clinical development.

Abstract Background Recent research shows that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the primary consumers of glucose in tumor tissue, surpassing that of tumor cells. Our previous studies revealed that inhibiting glucose uptake impairs the survival and tumor-promoting function of hypoxic TAMs, suggesting that glucose reduction by energy restriction (calorie restriction or short-term fasting) may has a significant impact on TAMs. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) on TAMs, and to determine whether FMD synergizes with anti-angiogenic drug apatinib via TAMs. Methods The effect of FMD on TAMs and its synergistic effects with apatinib were observed using an orthotopic mouse breast cancer model. An in vitro cell model, utilizing M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cell line, was intended to assess the effects of low glucose on TAMs under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Bioinformatics was used to screen for potential mechanisms of action, which were then validated both in vivo and in vitro. Results FMD significantly inhibit the pro-tumor function of TAMs in vivo and in vitro, with the inhibitory effect being more pronounced under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the combination of FMD-mediated TAMs inhibition with apatinib results in synergistic anti-tumor activity. This effect is partially mediated by the downregulation of CCL8 expression and secretion by the mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. Conclusions These results support further clinical combination studies of FMD and anti-angiogenic therapy as potential anti-tumor strategies. Graphical Abstract

Abstract The activation of ethers by weak interactions is a long-standing objective in supramolecular catalysis, but yet it remains an underdeveloped topic. The obstacles towards solving this problem are prominent since it is difficult for a weak interaction to cleave a relatively strong C-O σ-bond and moreover, the ionic intermediate composing of an alkoxide ion and an electrophilic carbocation would deactivate weak interaction donors. Herein, we describe a distinctive activation mode, dual Se···π and Se···O bonding, that could activate benzylic as well as allylic ether C-O σ-bonds to achieve cyclization, coupling and elimination reactions. This dual Se···π and Se···O bonding catalysis approach could tolerate various alkoxide leaving groups, while the other representative weak interaction donors showed no catalytic activity.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is recognized as the leading cause of dementia, imposing a significant economic toll on society. Despite the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches for AD, their efficacy and safety mandates further validation through rigorous clinical trials. In this context, hypertension (HTN) has garnered considerable attention as an amendable risk factor for AD. Research indicates that hypertension during midlife is associated with an elevated risk of AD in later years, influencing both the onset and progression of the disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between AD and hypertension in the later stages of life remains a subject of debate. Moreover, the consequences of blood pressure reduction on cognitive function, along with the optimal pharmacological interventions and therapeutic thresholds for hypertension, have emerged as pivotal areas of inquiry. This review synthesizes findings on epidemiology, neuroimaging, and biomarkers, and the effects of antihypertensive medications to elucidate the link between hypertension and cognitive performance. We particularly investigate how hypertension and AD are related by plasma sulfide dysregulation, offering possible indicators for future diagnosis and therapy.

The impending challenge posed by escalating heatwave events due to projected global warming scenarios of 1.5 and 2.0 °C underscores the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on human health and socio-economic realms. This study delves into the anticipated implications of elevated global temperatures, specifically the 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming scenarios under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 pathways, on population and GDP exposure to heatwaves in China. We also evaluated the aggregated impacts of climate, population, and GDP and their interactions on future socio-economic exposure across China. We leveraged data sourced from the climatic output of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) for heatwave analysis and integrated population and GDP projections under divergent Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), including SSP2-4.5 (low emission) and SSP5-8.5 (high-emission). Results indicate a drastic surge in the number of heatwave days under both warming scenarios, particularly in regions like Xinjiang (XJ), North China (NC), and South China (SC) subregions, with a notable disparity in the elevation of heatwave days among different levels. There is an alarming surge in population exposure, escalating approximately 7.94–8.70 times under the 1.5 °C warming scenario and markedly increasing by 14.48–14.75 times by the 2100s relative to the baseline (1985–2014) under the more extreme 2.0 °C warming level. Likewise, the study unveils a substantial elevation in GDP exposure, ranging from 40.65 to 47.21 times under the 1.5 °C warming level and surging dramatically by 110.85–113.99 times under the 2.0 °C warming level. Further analyses disclose that the climate effect predominantly influences changes in population exposure, constituting 72.55–79.10% of the total change. Meanwhile, the interaction effect notably shapes GDP exposure alterations, contributing 77.70–85.99% to the total change. The comprehensive investigation into alterations in population and GDP exposure under varying warming scenarios, coupled with the quantification of each contributing factor, holds paramount importance in mitigating the detrimental repercussions of heatwaves on both human life and socio-economic landscapes.

During the normal laying and operation of a three-core umbilical cable, AC current can easily lead to AC electrochemical corrosion on the outer surface of the steel tube. To explore the electrochemical corrosion mechanism and the factors affecting the three-core umbilical cable, this paper optimizes the internal induced potential calculation method for three-core umbilical cables. It analyzes the changes in the characteristics of the induced potential and explores the variations in the density of induced current under different conditions. The research results show that by optimizing the calculation method for the induction potential of the umbilical cable’s steel pipe, for the electromagnetic significance of the smallest repeating unit, the induction potential on the steel pipe’s surface exhibited a cyclic change. The peak part of the induction potential is most likely to experience electrochemical corrosion. Additionally, reducing the radius of the outer insulation aperture of the steel pipe and improving the conductivity of seawater will increase the density of the induced current in the insulation aperture, thereby increasing the risk of electrochemical corrosion. As the cable pitch and AC frequency increase, the current density in the steel pipe pores will also rise.