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52. Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Serologic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Description

Author

Jordan MERS-CoV Investigation Team, Al-Abdallat, Mohammad Mousa, Payne, Daniel C., Alqasrawi, Sultan, Rha, Brian, Tohme, Rania A., Abedi, Glen R., Al Nsour, Mohannad, Iblan, Ibrahim, Jarour, Najwa, Farag, Noha H., Haddadin, Aktham, Al-Sanouri, Tarek, Tamin, Azaibi, Harcourt, Jennifer L., Kuhar, David T., Swerdlow, David L., Erdman, Dean D., Pallansch, Mark A., Haynes, Lia M., and Gerber, Susan I.

Published
2014
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55. Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

Author

Jafari, Hamid, Deshpande, Jagadish M., Sutter, Roland W., Bahl, Sunil, Verma, Harish, Ahmad, Mohammad, Kunwar, Abhishek, Vishwakarma, Rakesh, Agarwal, Ashutosh, Jain, Shilpi, Estivariz, Concepcion, Sethi, Raman, Molodecky, Natalie A., Grassly, Nicholas C., Pallansch, Mark A., Chatterjee, Arani, and Aylward, R. Bruce

Published
2014

57. Stillbirth During Infection With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Author

Payne, Daniel C., Iblan, Ibrahim, Alqasrawi, Sultan, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Rha, Brian, Tohme, Rania A., Abedi, Glen R., Farag, Noha H., Haddadin, Aktham, Sanhouri, Tarek Al, Jarour, Najwa, Swerdlow, David L., Jamieson, Denise J., Pallansch, Mark A., Haynes, Lia M., Gerber, Susan I., and Abdallat, Mohammad Mousa Al

Published
2014

58. First Confirmed Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection in the United States, Updated Information on the Epidemiology of MERS-CoV Infection, and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities — May 2014

Author

Bialek, Stephanie R., Allen, Donna, Alvarado-Ramy, Francisco, Arthur, Ray, Balajee, Arunmozhi, Bell, David, Best, Susan, Blackmore, Carina, Breakwell, Lucy, Cannons, Andrew, Brown, Clive, Cetron, Martin, Chea, Nora, Chommanard, Christina, Cohen, Nicole, Conover, Craig, Crespo, Antonio, Creviston, Jeanean, Curns, Aaron T., Dahl, Rebecca, Dearth, Stephanie, Alfred, DeMaria, Echols, Fred, Erdman, Dean D., Feikin, Daniel, Frias, Mabel, Gerber, Susan I., Gulati, Reena, Hale, Christa, Haynes, Lia M., Heberlein-Larson, Lea, Holton, Kelly, Ijaz, Kashef, Kapoor, Minal, Kohl, Katrin, Kuhar, David T., Kumar, Alan M., Kundich, Marianne, Lippold, Susan, Liu, Lixia, Lovchik, Judith C., Madoff, Larry, Martell, Sandra, Matthews, Sarah, Moore, Jessica, Murray, Linda R., Onofrey, Shauna, Pallansch, Mark A., Pesik, Nicki, Pham, Huong, Pillai, Satish, Pontones, Pam, Poser, Sarah, Pringle, Kimberly, Pritchard, Scott, Rasmussen, Sonja, Richards, Shawn, Sandoval, Michelle, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Sheedy, Kristine, Sherin, Kevin, Swerdlow, David L., Tappero, Jordan W., Vernon, Michael O., Watkins, Sharon, and Watson, John

Published
2014

60. Serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) choices and the consequences of delaying outbreak response.

Author

Kalkowska, Dominika A., Pallansch, Mark A., Wassilak, Steven G.F., Cochi, Stephen L., and Thompson, Kimberly M.

Subjects
*ORAL vaccines, *POLIOVIRUS, *VIRAL transmission, *DISEASE outbreaks, *COVID-19 pandemic, *POLIO
Abstract

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) faces substantial challenges with managing outbreaks of serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV2s) in 2021. A full five years after the globally coordinated removal of serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) for use in national immunization programs, cVDPV2s did not die out. Since OPV2 cessation, responses to outbreaks caused by cVDPV2s mainly used serotype 2 monovalent OPV (mOPV2) from a stockpile. A novel vaccine developed from a genetically stabilized OPV2 strain (nOPV2) promises to potentially facilitate outbreak response with lower prospective risks, although its availability and properties in the field remain uncertain. Using an established global poliovirus transmission model and building on a related analysis that characterized the impacts of disruptions in GPEI activities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the implications of trade-offs associated with delaying outbreak response to avoid using mOPV2 by waiting for nOPV2 availability (or equivalently, delayed responses waiting for national validation of meeting the criteria for nOPV2 initial use). Consistent with prior modeling, responding as quickly as possible with available mOPV2 promises to reduce the expected burden of disease in the outbreak population and to reduce the chances for the outbreak virus to spread to other areas. Delaying cVDPV2 outbreak response (e.g., modeled as no response January-June 2021) to wait for nOPV2 can considerably increase the total expected cases (e.g., by as many as 1,300 cVDPV2 cases in the African region during 2021–2023) and increases the likelihood of triggering the need to restart widescale preventive use of an OPV2-containing vaccine in national immunization programs that use OPV. Countries should respond to any cVDPV2 outbreaks quickly with rounds that achieve high coverage using any available OPV2, and plan to use nOPV2, if needed, once it becomes widely available based on evidence that it is as effective but safer in populations than mOPV2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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61. Multifacility outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Author

Assiri, Abdullah, Abedi, Glen R., Saeed, Abdulaziz A. Bin, Abdalla, Mutwakil A., Masry, Malak al-, Choudhry, Abdul Jamil, Lu, Xiaoyan, Erdman, Dean D., Tatti, Kathleen, Binder, Alison M., Rudd, Jessica, Tokars, Jerome, Miao, Congrong, Alarbash, Hussain, Nooh, Randa, Pallansch, Mark, Gerber, Susan I., and Watson, John T.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical personnel -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel betacoronavirus associated with a broad spectrum of respiratory illness; infection results in death in ≅35%-40% of cases (1). Since the [...]

Published
2016
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67. Health care worker contact with MERS patient, Saudi Arabia

Author

Hall, Aron J., Tokars, Jerome I., Badreddine, Samar A., Saad, Ziad Bin, Furukawa, Elaine, Masri, Malak Al, Haynes, Lia M., Gerber, Susan I., Kuhar, David T., Miao, Congrong, Trivedi, Suvang U., Pallansch, Mark A., Hajjeh, Rana, and Memish, Ziad A.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health care industry -- International economic relations -- Health aspects, Medical personnel -- Health aspects, Health care industry, Health
Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated in September 2012 from a 60-year-old man from Bisha, Saudi Arabia (1). In June 2012, this index case-patient was hospitalized for [...]

Published
2014
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73. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020

Author

Patel, Anita, Jernigan, Daniel B., Abdirizak, Fatuma, Abedi, Glen, Aggarwal, Sharad, Albina, Denise, Allen, Elizabeth, Andersen, Lauren, Anderson, Jade, Anderson, Megan, Anderson, Tara, Anderson, Kayla, Bardossy, Ana Cecilia, Barry, Vaughn, Beer, Karlyn, Bell, Michael, Berger, Sherri, Bertulfo, Joseph, Biggs, Holly, Bornemann, Jennifer, Bornstein, Josh, Bower, Willie, Bresee, Joseph, Brown, Clive, Budd, Alicia, Buigut, Jennifer, Burke, Stephen, Burke, Rachel, Burns, Erin, Butler, Jay, Cantrell, Russell, Cardemil, Cristina, Cates, Jordan, Cetron, Marty, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Chatham-Stevens, Kevin, Chea, Nora, Christensen, Bryan, Chu, Victoria, Clarke, Kevin, Cleveland, Angela, Cohen, Nicole, Cohen, Max, Cohn, Amanda, Collins, Jennifer, Dahl, Rebecca, Daley, Walter, Dasari, Vishal, Davlantes, Elizabeth, Dawson, Patrick, Delaney, Lisa, Donahue, Matthew, Dowell, Chad, Dyal, Jonathan, Edens, William, Eidex, Rachel, Epstein, Lauren, Evans, Mary, Fagan, Ryan, Farris, Kevin, Feldstein, Leora, Fox, LeAnne, Frank, Mark, Freeman, Brandi, Fry, Alicia, Fuller, James, Galang, Romeo, Gerber, Sue, Gokhale, Runa, Goldstein, Sue, Gorman, Sue, Gregg, William, Greim, William, Grube, Steven, Hall, Aron, Haynes, Amber, Hill, Sherrasa, Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer, Hunter, Jennifer, Ionta, Christopher, Isenhour, Cheryl, Jacobs, Max, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Jernigan, Daniel, Jhung, Michael, Jones-Wormley, Jamie, Kambhampati, Anita, Kamili, Shifaq, Kennedy, Pamela, Kent, Charlotte, Killerby, Marie, Kim, Lindsay, Kirking, Hannah, Koonin, Lisa, Koppaka, Ram, Kosmos, Christine, Kuhar, David, Kuhnert-Tallman, Wendi, Kujawski, Stephanie, Kumar, Archana, Landon, Alexander, Lee, Leslie, Leung, Jessica, Lindstrom, Stephen, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Lively, Joana, Lu, Xiaoyan, Lynch, Brian, Malapati, Lakshmi, Mandel, Samantha, Manns, Brian, Marano, Nina, Marlow, Mariel, Marston, Barbara, McClung, Nancy, McClure, Liz, McDonald, Emily, McGovern, Oliva, Messonnier, Nancy, Midgley, Claire, Moulia, Danielle, Murray, Janna, Noelte, Kate, Noonan-Smith, Michelle, Nordlund, Kristen, Norton, Emily, Oliver, Sara, Pallansch, Mark, Parashar, Umesh, Patel, Manisha, Pettrone, Kristen, Pierce, Taran, Pietz, Harald, Pillai, Satish, Radonovich, Lewis, Reagan-Steiner, Sarah, Reel, Amy, Reese, Heather, Rha, Brian, Ricks, Philip, Rolfes, Melissa, Roohi, Shahrokh, Roper, Lauren, Rotz, Lisa, Routh, Janell, Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar, Sarmiento, Luisa, Schindelar, Jessica, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Scott, Sarah, Shetty, Varun, Shockey, Caitlin, Shugart, Jill, Stenger, Mark, Stuckey, Matthew, Sunshine, Brittany, Sykes, Tamara, Trapp, Jonathan, Uyeki, Timothy, Vahey, Grace, Valderrama, Amy, Villanueva, Julie, Walker, Tunicia, Wallace, Megan, Wang, Lijuan, Watson, John, Weber, Angie, Weinbaum, Cindy, Weldon, William, Westnedge, Caroline, Whitaker, Brett, Whitaker, Michael, Williams, Alcia, Williams, Holly, Willams, Ian, Wong, Karen, Xie, Amy, and Yousef, Anna

Subjects
Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Immigration, 030230 surgery, 01 natural sciences, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), Health Information Management, Interim, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Infection control, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, media_common, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, General Medicine, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Public Health, Medical emergency, Epidemiological Monitoring, Coronavirus Infections, Mainland China, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Health(social science), Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, 0101 mathematics, China, Pandemics, Health policy, Infection Control, Transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, medicine.disease, United States, Family medicine, Reports from the Cdc: MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, business
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in persons associated with the Hunan seafood and animal market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in central China. On January 7, 2020, Chinese health officials confirmed that a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was associated with this initial cluster (1). As of February 4, 2020, a total of 20,471 confirmed cases, including 2,788 (13.6%) with severe illness,* and 425 deaths (2.1%) had been reported by the National Health Commission of China (2). Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). As of February 4, 11 cases had been reported in the United States. On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared that the 2019-nCoV outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.† On January 31, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary declared a U.S. public health emergency to respond to 2019-nCoV.§ Also on January 31, the president of the United States signed a "Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus," which limits entry into the United States of persons who traveled to mainland China to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents and their families (3). CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). These measures require the identification of cases and their contacts in the United States and the appropriate assessment and care of travelers arriving from mainland China to the United States. These measures are being implemented in anticipation of additional 2019-nCoV cases in the United States. Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments.

Published
2020

82. Emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2004-2011

Author

Gumede, Nicksy, Lentsoane, Olivia, Burns, Cara C., Pallansch, Mark, de Gourville, Esther, Yogolelo, Riziki, Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean Jacques, Puren, Adrian, Schoub, Barry D., and Venter, Marietjie

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, EPUB (Standard), Genomics -- Analysis, Paralysis -- Analysis, Vaccines -- Analysis, Pharmaceutical industry -- Analysis, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Indigenous wild-type poliovirus (WPV) remains endemic to 3 countries: Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (1). Poliovirus (PV) circulation has been sustained in several African countries after importation from a PV-endemic country, [...]

Published
2013
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85. Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge

Author

Kew Olen M., Wright Peter F., Agol Vadim I., Delpeyroux Francis, Shimizu Hiroyuki, Nathanson Neal, and Pallansch Mark A.

Subjects
Poliovirus/genetics, Poliovirus/isolation and purification, Poliovirus vaccine, Oral/adverse effects, Poliomyelitis/etiology, Poliomyelitis/chemically induced, Poliomyelitis/prevention and control, Immunization programs, Disease outbreaks/Review literature, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Within the past 4 years, poliomyelitis outbreaks associated with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have occurred in Hispaniola (2000-01), the Philippines (2001), and Madagascar (2001-02). Retrospective studies have also detected the circulation of endemic cVDPV in Egypt (1988-93) and the likely localized spread of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)-derived virus in Belarus (1965-66). Gaps in OPV coverage and the previous eradication of the corresponding serotype of indigenous wild poliovirus were the critical risk factors for all cVDPV outbreaks. The cVDPV outbreaks were stopped by mass immunization campaigns using OPV. To increase sensitivity for detecting vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), in 2001 the Global Polio Laboratory Network implemented additional testing requirements for all poliovirus isolates under investigation. This approach quickly led to the recognition of the Philippines and Madagascar cVDPV outbreaks, but of no other current outbreaks. The potential risk of cVDPV emergence has increased dramatically in recent years as wild poliovirus circulation has ceased in most of the world. The risk appears highest for the type 2 OPV strain because of its greater tendency to spread to contacts. The emergence of cVDPVs underscores the critical importance of eliminating the last pockets of wild poliovirus circulation, maintaining universally high levels of polio vaccine coverage, stopping OPV use as soon as it is safely possible to do so, and continuing sensitive poliovirus surveillance into the foreseeable future. Particular attention must be given to areas where the risks for wild poliovirus circulation have been highest, and where the highest rates of polio vaccine coverage must be maintained to suppress cVDPV emergence.

Published
2004

86. Search for poliovirus carriers among people with primary immune deficiency diseases in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom

Author

Halsey Neal A., Pinto Jorge, Espinosa-Rosales Francisco, Faure-Fontenla María A., Silva Edson da, Khan Aamir J., Webster A.D.B., Minor Philip, Dunn Glynis, Asturias Edwin, Hussain Hamidah, Pallansch Mark A., Kew Olen M., Winkelstein Jerry, and Sutter Roland

Subjects
Poliovirus/isolation and purification, Carrier state, Poliomyelitis/chemically induced, Poliomyelitis/transmission, Poliovirus vaccine, Oral/adverse effects, IgA deficiency, IgG deficiency, Common variable immunodeficiency, Agammaglobulinemia, United States, Mexico, Brazil, United Kingdom, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of long-term poliovirus excretors in people known to have B-cell immune deficiency disorders. METHODS: An active search for chronic excretors was conducted among 306 persons known to have immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, and 40 people with IgA deficiency in the United States. Written informed consent or assent was obtained from the participants or their legal guardians, and the studies were formally approved. Stool samples were collected from participants and cultured for polioviruses. Calculation of the confidence interval for the proportion of participants with persistent poliovirus excretion was based on the binomial distribution. FINDINGS: No individuals with long-term excretion of polioviruses were identified. Most participants had received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and almost all had been exposed to household contacts who had received OPV. Polioviruses of recent vaccine origin were transiently found in four individuals in Mexico and Brazil, where OPV is recommended for all children. CONCLUSION: Although chronic poliovirus excretion can occur in immunodeficient persons, it appears to be rare.

Published
2004

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