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52. A subset of Kupffer cells regulates metabolism through the expression of CD36

Author

Bleriot, C, Barreby, E, Dunsmore, G, Ballaire, R, Chakarov, S, Ficht, X, De Simone, G, Andreata, F, Fumagalli, V, Guo, W, Wan, G, Gessain, G, Khalilnezhad, A, Zhang, X, Ang, N, Chen, P, Morgantini, C, Azzimato, V, Kong, W, Liu, Z, Pai, R, Lum, J, Shihui, F, Low, I, Xu, C, Malleret, B, Kairi, M, Balachander, A, Cexus, O, Larbi, A, Lee, B, Newell, E, Ng, L, Phoo, W, Sobota, R, Sharma, A, Howland, S, Chen, J, Bajenoff, M, Yvan-Charvet, L, Venteclef, N, Iannacone, M, Aouadi, M, Ginhoux, F, Bleriot C., Barreby E., Dunsmore G., Ballaire R., Chakarov S., Ficht X., De Simone G., Andreata F., Fumagalli V., Guo W., Wan G., Gessain G., Khalilnezhad A., Zhang X. M., Ang N., Chen P., Morgantini C., Azzimato V., Kong W. T., Liu Z., Pai R., Lum J., Shihui F., Low I., Xu C., Malleret B., Kairi M. F. M., Balachander A., Cexus O., Larbi A., Lee B., Newell E. W., Ng L. G., Phoo W. W., Sobota R. M., Sharma A., Howland S. W., Chen J., Bajenoff M., Yvan-Charvet L., Venteclef N., Iannacone M., Aouadi M., Ginhoux F., Bleriot, C, Barreby, E, Dunsmore, G, Ballaire, R, Chakarov, S, Ficht, X, De Simone, G, Andreata, F, Fumagalli, V, Guo, W, Wan, G, Gessain, G, Khalilnezhad, A, Zhang, X, Ang, N, Chen, P, Morgantini, C, Azzimato, V, Kong, W, Liu, Z, Pai, R, Lum, J, Shihui, F, Low, I, Xu, C, Malleret, B, Kairi, M, Balachander, A, Cexus, O, Larbi, A, Lee, B, Newell, E, Ng, L, Phoo, W, Sobota, R, Sharma, A, Howland, S, Chen, J, Bajenoff, M, Yvan-Charvet, L, Venteclef, N, Iannacone, M, Aouadi, M, Ginhoux, F, Bleriot C., Barreby E., Dunsmore G., Ballaire R., Chakarov S., Ficht X., De Simone G., Andreata F., Fumagalli V., Guo W., Wan G., Gessain G., Khalilnezhad A., Zhang X. M., Ang N., Chen P., Morgantini C., Azzimato V., Kong W. T., Liu Z., Pai R., Lum J., Shihui F., Low I., Xu C., Malleret B., Kairi M. F. M., Balachander A., Cexus O., Larbi A., Lee B., Newell E. W., Ng L. G., Phoo W. W., Sobota R. M., Sharma A., Howland S. W., Chen J., Bajenoff M., Yvan-Charvet L., Venteclef N., Iannacone M., Aouadi M., and Ginhoux F.

Abstract

Tissue macrophages are immune cells whose phenotypes and functions are dictated by origin and niches. However, tissues are complex environments, and macrophage heterogeneity within the same organ has been overlooked so far. Here, we used high-dimensional approaches to characterize macrophage populations in the murine liver. We identified two distinct populations among embryonically derived Kupffer cells (KCs) sharing a core signature while differentially expressing numerous genes and proteins: a major CD206loESAM– population (KC1) and a minor CD206hiESAM+ population (KC2). KC2 expressed genes involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism both in steady-state and in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Functional characterization by depletion of KC2 or targeted silencing of the fatty acid transporter Cd36 highlighted a crucial contribution of KC2 in the liver oxidative stress associated with obesity. In summary, our study reveals that KCs are more heterogeneous than anticipated, notably describing a subpopulation wired with metabolic functions.

Published
2021

56. Colorectal cancer incidences in Lynch syndrome: a comparison of results from the prospective lynch syndrome database and the international mismatch repair consortium

Author

Moller, P, Seppala, T, Dowty, JG, Haupt, S, Dominguez-Valentin, M, Sunde, L, Bernstein, I, Engel, C, Aretz, S, Nielsen, M, Capella, G, Evans, DG, Burn, J, Holinski-Feder, E, Bertario, L, Bonanni, B, Lindblom, A, Levi, Z, Macrae, F, Winship, I, Plazzer, J-P, Sijmons, R, Laghi, L, Della Valle, A, Heinimann, K, Half, E, Lopez-Koestner, F, Alvarez-Valenzuela, K, Scott, RJ, Katz, L, Laish, I, Vainer, E, Vaccaro, CA, Carraro, DM, Gluck, N, Abu-Freha, N, Stakelum, A, Kennelly, R, Winter, D, Rossi, BM, Greenblatt, M, Bohorquez, M, Sheth, H, Tibiletti, MG, Lino-Silva, LS, Horisberger, K, Portenkirchner, C, Nascimento, I, Rossi, NT, da Silva, LA, Thomas, H, Zarand, A, Mecklin, J-P, Pylvanainen, K, Renkonen-Sinisalo, L, Lepisto, A, Peltomaki, P, Therkildsen, C, Lindberg, LJ, Thorlacius-Ussing, O, von Knebel Doeberitz, M, Loeffler, M, Rahner, N, Steinke-Lange, V, Schmiegel, W, Vangala, D, Perne, C, Hueneburg, R, de Vargas, AF, Latchford, A, Gerdes, A-M, Backman, A-S, Guillen-Ponce, C, Snyder, C, Lautrup, CK, Amor, D, Palmero, E, Stoffel, E, Duijkers, F, Hall, MJ, Hampel, H, Williams, H, Okkels, H, Lubinski, J, Reece, J, Ngeow, J, Guillem, JG, Arnold, J, Wadt, K, Monahan, K, Senter, L, Rasmussen, LJ, van Hest, LP, Ricciardiello, L, Kohonen-Corish, MRJ, Ligtenberg, MJL, Southey, M, Aronson, M, Zahary, MN, Samadder, NJ, Poplawski, N, Hoogerbrugge, N, Morrison, PJ, James, P, Lee, G, Chen-Shtoyerman, R, Ankathil, R, Pai, R, Ward, R, Parry, S, Debniak, T, John, T, van Overeem Hansen, T, Caldes, T, Yamaguchi, T, Barca-Tierno, V, Garre, P, Cavestro, GM, Weitz, J, Redler, S, Buettner, R, Heuveline, V, Hopper, JL, Win, AK, Lindor, N, Gallinger, S, Le Marchand, L, Newcomb, PA, Figueiredo, J, Buchanan, DD, Thibodeau, SN, ten Broeke, SW, Hovig, E, Nakken, S, Pineda, M, Duenas, N, Brunet, J, Green, K, Lalloo, F, Newton, K, Crosbie, EJ, Mints, M, Tjandra, D, Neffa, F, Esperon, P, Kariv, R, Rosner, G, Pavicic, WH, Kalfayan, P, Torrezan, GT, Bassaneze, T, Martin, C, Moslein, G, Ahadova, A, Kloor, M, Sampson, JR, Jenkins, MA, Moller, P, Seppala, T, Dowty, JG, Haupt, S, Dominguez-Valentin, M, Sunde, L, Bernstein, I, Engel, C, Aretz, S, Nielsen, M, Capella, G, Evans, DG, Burn, J, Holinski-Feder, E, Bertario, L, Bonanni, B, Lindblom, A, Levi, Z, Macrae, F, Winship, I, Plazzer, J-P, Sijmons, R, Laghi, L, Della Valle, A, Heinimann, K, Half, E, Lopez-Koestner, F, Alvarez-Valenzuela, K, Scott, RJ, Katz, L, Laish, I, Vainer, E, Vaccaro, CA, Carraro, DM, Gluck, N, Abu-Freha, N, Stakelum, A, Kennelly, R, Winter, D, Rossi, BM, Greenblatt, M, Bohorquez, M, Sheth, H, Tibiletti, MG, Lino-Silva, LS, Horisberger, K, Portenkirchner, C, Nascimento, I, Rossi, NT, da Silva, LA, Thomas, H, Zarand, A, Mecklin, J-P, Pylvanainen, K, Renkonen-Sinisalo, L, Lepisto, A, Peltomaki, P, Therkildsen, C, Lindberg, LJ, Thorlacius-Ussing, O, von Knebel Doeberitz, M, Loeffler, M, Rahner, N, Steinke-Lange, V, Schmiegel, W, Vangala, D, Perne, C, Hueneburg, R, de Vargas, AF, Latchford, A, Gerdes, A-M, Backman, A-S, Guillen-Ponce, C, Snyder, C, Lautrup, CK, Amor, D, Palmero, E, Stoffel, E, Duijkers, F, Hall, MJ, Hampel, H, Williams, H, Okkels, H, Lubinski, J, Reece, J, Ngeow, J, Guillem, JG, Arnold, J, Wadt, K, Monahan, K, Senter, L, Rasmussen, LJ, van Hest, LP, Ricciardiello, L, Kohonen-Corish, MRJ, Ligtenberg, MJL, Southey, M, Aronson, M, Zahary, MN, Samadder, NJ, Poplawski, N, Hoogerbrugge, N, Morrison, PJ, James, P, Lee, G, Chen-Shtoyerman, R, Ankathil, R, Pai, R, Ward, R, Parry, S, Debniak, T, John, T, van Overeem Hansen, T, Caldes, T, Yamaguchi, T, Barca-Tierno, V, Garre, P, Cavestro, GM, Weitz, J, Redler, S, Buettner, R, Heuveline, V, Hopper, JL, Win, AK, Lindor, N, Gallinger, S, Le Marchand, L, Newcomb, PA, Figueiredo, J, Buchanan, DD, Thibodeau, SN, ten Broeke, SW, Hovig, E, Nakken, S, Pineda, M, Duenas, N, Brunet, J, Green, K, Lalloo, F, Newton, K, Crosbie, EJ, Mints, M, Tjandra, D, Neffa, F, Esperon, P, Kariv, R, Rosner, G, Pavicic, WH, Kalfayan, P, Torrezan, GT, Bassaneze, T, Martin, C, Moslein, G, Ahadova, A, Kloor, M, Sampson, JR, and Jenkins, MA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences in carriers of pathogenic variants of the MMR genes in the PLSD and IMRC cohorts, of which only the former included mandatory colonoscopy surveillance for all participants. METHODS: CRC incidences were calculated in an intervention group comprising a cohort of confirmed carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (path_MMR) followed prospectively by the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD). All had colonoscopy surveillance, with polypectomy when polyps were identified. Comparison was made with a retrospective cohort reported by the International Mismatch Repair Consortium (IMRC). This comprised confirmed and inferred path_MMR carriers who were first- or second-degree relatives of Lynch syndrome probands. RESULTS: In the PLSD, 8,153 subjects had follow-up colonoscopy surveillance for a total of 67,604 years and 578 carriers had CRC diagnosed. Average cumulative incidences of CRC in path_MLH1 carriers at 70 years of age were 52% in males and 41% in females; for path_MSH2 50% and 39%; for path_MSH6 13% and 17% and for path_PMS2 11% and 8%. In contrast, in the IMRC cohort, corresponding cumulative incidences were 40% and 27%; 34% and 23%; 16% and 8% and 7% and 6%. Comparing just the European carriers in the two series gave similar findings. Numbers in the PLSD series did not allow comparisons of carriers from other continents separately. Cumulative incidences at 25 years were < 1% in all retrospective groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prospectively observed CRC incidences (PLSD) in path_MLH1 and path_MSH2 carriers undergoing colonoscopy surveillance and polypectomy were higher than in the retrospective (IMRC) series, and were not reduced in path_MSH6 carriers. These findings were the opposite to those expected. CRC point incidence before 50 years of age was reduced in path_PMS2 carriers subjected to colonoscopy, but not significantly so.

Published
2022

73. Topical moxifloxacin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Author

Dhavaleshwar, A., Nayak, V., Hande, M., and Pai, R.

Subjects
Avelox (Medication) -- Complications and side effects -- Dosage and administration, Dosage and administration, Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Case studies, Moxifloxacin -- Dosage and administration -- Complications and side effects, Stevens-Johnson syndrome -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Case studies, Toxic epidermal necrolysis -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Case studies, Sulfadiazine, Death, Etoricoxib, Skin, Sulfonamides, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Cephalosporins, Necrosis, Respiratory insufficiency, Infection, Amides, Dermatologic agents
Published
2019

77. Ultrasound-guided dry needling of masticatory muscles in trigeminal neuralgia – A case series of 35 patients.

Author

Vas, L, Phanse, S, Pawar, K, Pai, R, and Pattnaik, M

Subjects
TRIGEMINAL neuralgia treatment, CARBAMAZEPINE, MASTICATORY muscles, RADIO frequency therapy, YOGA, ACQUISITION of data, RETROSPECTIVE studies, MYOFASCIAL pain syndromes, TREATMENT effectiveness, PRE-tests & post-tests, RESEARCH funding, MEDICAL records, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, NECK muscles, COMBINED modality therapy, MYOFASCIAL pain syndrome treatment, TRIGEMINAL neuralgia
Abstract

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is considered a sensory neuropathy. However, reports of pain on chewing/speaking suggest a masticatory myofascial involvement. Objective: To examine the effect of ultrasound-guided dry needling (USGDN), which deactivates myofascial trigger points in masticatory, neck, and facial muscles on TGN symptoms. Methods: Charts of 35 patients treated for TGN were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment was USGDN alone or combined with trigeminal ganglion/mandibular nerve pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), followed by yoga mudras to stretch masticatory and facial muscles. Patients were followed for 1–8 years. Outcome parameters were reduction of medications with reduction in neuralgic attack frequency and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score. Results: 23 patients (65.7%) received USGDN alone, 12 patients (34.3%) received PRF treatment before USGDN. A significant reduction in the mean (SD) NRS (5.7 [1.2] vs 8.8 [1.6]; P <.001) and neuralgic attack frequency (47 [27] vs 118 [70] attacks/day; P <.001) was seen after PRF compared with baseline, respectively. Following USGDN, the mean (SD) NRS further decreased significantly to 1.0 (0.9) (P <.001). USGDN alone produced a similar improvement in the NRS (8.9 [1.5] at baseline reduced to 0.6 [0.7] post-USGDN; P <.001). Patients in both groups reported a cessation in neuralgic attacks after USGDN. Post-USGDN, 18/27 patients completely discontinued medication, with the mean (SD) carbamazepine dose significantly reducing from 716.7 (260.9) mg/day at baseline to 113.0 (250.2) mg/day post-USGDN (P <.001). Conclusion: Decisive relief of TGN by USGDN suggests neuromyalgia involving masticatory muscles. Prospective, controlled studies could confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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85. Steady state performance characteristics of single pad externally adjustable fluid film bearing in the laminar and turbulent regimes

Author

Shenoy, B.S. and Pai, R.

Subjects
Bearings (Machinery) -- Properties, Tribology -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

In an externally adjustable fluid film bearing, the hydrodynamic conditions can be changed as required in a controlled manner. The principal feature of the bearing is the facility to adjust its radial clearance and circumferential film thickness gradient. Unlike a tilting pad bearing, this bearing can have radial adjustments. The tilt adjustments are obtained by providing flexibility to the pad at one comer. This paper deals with the effect of turbulence on the steady state performance characteristics of a centrally loaded 120 deg single pad externally adjustable fluid film bearing. The bearing has an aspect ratio of I and operates over a wide range of eccentricity ratios with different radial and tilt adjustments. The Reynolds equation is solved numerically using the finite difference method. The linearized turbulence model of Ng and Pan (1965, 'A Linearized Turbulent Lubrication Theory,' ASME J. Basic Eng., 87, pp. 675-688) as well as the simplified adiabatic model of Pinkus and Bupara (1979, 'Adiabatic Solutions for Finite Journal Bearings,' ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 101, pp. 492-496) ate incorporated in the solution scheme. The static performance characteristics calculated are presented in terms of load carrying capacity, attitude angle, friction variable, and Sommerfeld number. A comparative study with the combination of adjustments predicts that the static performance of the bearing is superior with negative radial and tilt adjustments. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3070580] Keywords: static characteristics, externally adjustable, tilt and radial adjustments, single pad, turbulence, simplified adiabatic solution

Published
2009

88. Open Science Discovery of Potent Non-Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors

Author

von Delft F, Ronen Gabizon, Wild Cf, Anastassia L. Kantsadi, Peter W. Kenny, Koekemoer L, Matteo P. Ferla, Noam Erez, Sharon Melamed, Adam Smalley, Gijs J. Overheul, Jag Paul Heer, Shaikh A, Tika R. Malla, R.S. Fernandes, Christopher J. Schofield, Moustakas D, Pai R, MacLean B, T. Krojer, Finny S. Varghese, Elad Bar-David, Hagit Achdout, Gregory R. Bowman, Lefker Ba, Kovar B, Charlie Weatherall, Tennant R, Griffen Ej, Yfat Yahalom-Ronen, Louise Dunnett, Emma Cattermole, Bvnbs S, Chernyshenko E, Ripka Eg, Kim Donckers, Efrat Resnick, Nir Paran, J. L. Kiappes, Einat B. Vitner, Dotson Dl, Mark Daniel Calmiano, Juliane Brun, Victor L. Rangel, Matthew F. D. Hurley, Richard Foster, Garrett M. Morris, Vaschetto M, Austin Clyde, Shay Weiss, Pan J, Nir London, William McCorkindale, Dudgeon T, Martin A. Walsh, Borden B, Haim Barr, John Spencer, Zaidmann D, Alice Douangamath, Robinson Rp, Alexandre Dias, John D. Chodera, Morris A, Marian V. Gorichko, Oleg Fedorov, V.O. Gawriljuk, Petra Lukacik, Puni R, Pinjari J, Shafeev M, Dirk Jochmans, Assa Sittner, T.J. Gorrie-Stone, White Km, Amir Ben-Shmuel, Ioannis Vakonakis, Boaz Politi, Rambabu N. Reddi, Joseph E. Coffland, Itai Glinert, Matthew C. Robinson, Ferrins L, Tomasio S, Alpha A. Lee, Khriesto A. Shurrush, Holly Foster, A. Aimon, Boby Ml, Andrea Volkamer, Alessandro Contini, Voelz, Tobias John, Galit Cohen, A.M. Nakamura, Horrell S, G.D. Noske, Jim Bennett, Oleg M. Michurin, Nicholas A. Wright, Smilova, von Delft A, Ward W, Haim Levy, Tomer Israely, Fate G, McGovern Bl, Anna Carbery, David R. Owen, Zidane H, Cox L, Michael Fairhead, Psenak, Carina Gileadi, Wittmann M, Morwitzer Mj, Solmesky Lj, Anthony Tumber, Robert C. Glen, Eric Jnoff, Reid Sp, Sukrit Singh, Steven De Jonghe, Claire Strain-Damerell, Jason C. Cole, A.J. Powell, Rosales R, Nicole Zitzmann, D. Fearon, Nguyen L, Rodriguez-Guerra J, Shirly Duberstein, Andrew Thompson, Johan Neyts, Benjamin Ian Perry, van Rij Rp, Jose Brandao Neto, William G. Glass, Rufa D, Charline Giroud, Peter Eastman, Hannah E. Bruce Macdonald, Glaucius Oliva, Mark A. Hill, Laura Vangeel, Jiye Shi, Hadas Tamir, R. Skyner, Mikolajek H, Adolfo García-Sastre, Oleinikovas, Pingle M, Henry M, Cvitkovic M, Milne Bf, Hart Sh, Eyermann Cj, Thompson W, Matviiuk T, Andre S. Godoy, Swamy, P. Gehrtz, and Jajack A

Subjects
Open science, Open knowledge, Protease, Structural biology, Drug discovery, Computer science, Non covalent, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Computational biology
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was a stark reminder that a barren global antiviral pipeline has grave humanitarian consequences. Pandemics could be prevented in principle by accessible, easily deployable broad-spectrum oral antivirals. Here we report the results of theCOVID Moonshot, a fully open-science, crowd sourced, structure-enabled drug discovery campaign targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. We discovered a novel chemical series that is differentiated from current Mpro inhibitors in that it maintains a new non-covalent, non-peptidic scaffold with nanomolar potency. Our approach leveraged crowdsourcing, high-throughput structural biology, machine learning, and exascale molecular simulations and high-throughput chemistry. In the process, we generated a detailed map of the structural plasticity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, extensive structure-activity relationships for multiple chemotypes, and a wealth of biochemical activity data. In a first for a structure-based drug discovery campaign, all compound designs (>18,000 designs), crystallographic data (>840 ligand-bound X-ray structures), assay data (>10,000 measurements), and synthesized molecules (>2,400 compounds) for this campaign were shared rapidly and openly, creating a rich open and IP-free knowledgebase for future anti-coronavirus drug discovery.

Published
2020
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91. Nongenetic Determinants of Risk for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Author

Archambault, AN, Lin, Y, Jeon, J, Harrison, TA, Bishop, DT, Brenner, H, Casey, G, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Figueiredo, JC, Gallinger, S, Gruber, SB, Gunter, MJ, Hoffmeister, M, Jenkins, MA, Keku, TO, Le Marchand, L, Li, L, Moreno, V, Newcomb, PA, Pai, R, Parfrey, PS, Rennert, G, Sakoda, LC, Sandler, RS, Slattery, ML, Song, M, Win, AK, Woods, MO, Murphy, N, Campbell, PT, Su, Y-R, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A, Liang, PS, Du, M, Hsu, L, Peters, U, Hayes, RB, Archambault, AN, Lin, Y, Jeon, J, Harrison, TA, Bishop, DT, Brenner, H, Casey, G, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Figueiredo, JC, Gallinger, S, Gruber, SB, Gunter, MJ, Hoffmeister, M, Jenkins, MA, Keku, TO, Le Marchand, L, Li, L, Moreno, V, Newcomb, PA, Pai, R, Parfrey, PS, Rennert, G, Sakoda, LC, Sandler, RS, Slattery, ML, Song, M, Win, AK, Woods, MO, Murphy, N, Campbell, PT, Su, Y-R, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A, Liang, PS, Du, M, Hsu, L, Peters, U, and Hayes, RB

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Incidence of early-onset (younger than 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many countries. Thus, elucidating the role of traditional CRC risk factors in early-onset CRC is a high priority. We sought to determine whether risk factors associated with late-onset CRC were also linked to early-onset CRC and whether association patterns differed by anatomic subsite. METHODS: Using data pooled from 13 population-based studies, we studied 3767 CRC cases and 4049 controls aged younger than 50 years and 23 437 CRC cases and 35 311 controls aged 50 years and older. Using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between risk factors and early-onset CRC and by anatomic subsite. RESULTS: Early-onset CRC was associated with not regularly using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.68), greater red meat intake (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), lower educational attainment (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), alcohol abstinence (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.39), and heavier alcohol use (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.50). No factors exhibited a greater excess in early-onset compared with late-onset CRC. Evaluating risks by anatomic subsite, we found that lower total fiber intake was linked more strongly to rectal (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.48) than colon cancer (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.27; P = .04). CONCLUSION: In this large study, we identified several nongenetic risk factors associated with early-onset CRC, providing a basis for targeted identification of those most at risk, which is imperative in mitigating the rising burden of this disease.

Published
2021

99. Consensus on current management of endometriosis

Author

Johnson, Neil P., Hummelshoj, Lone, Abrao, M.S., Adamson, G.D., Allaire, C., Amelung, V., Andersson, E., Becker, C., Birna Árdal, K.B., Bush, D., de Bie, B., Chwalisz, K., Critchley, H., DʼHooghe, T., Dunselman, G., Evers, J.L.H., Farquhar, C., Faustmann, T., Forman, A., Fourquet, J., Fraser, I., Giudice, L., Gordts, S., Guidone, H., Guo, S.W., Healy, D., Hedon, B., Hulkkonen, J., Hull, L., Hummelshoj, L., Johnson, N.P., Just, M., Kiesel, L., Lam, A., Lynam, C., Mettler, L., Miller, C., North, H., Pai, R., Petta, C., Prentice, L., Reilly, S., Reis, F., Rolla, E., Rombauts, L., Schweppe, K.W., Seckin, T., Sharpe-Timms, K., Shepperson Mills, D., Singh, S., Soriano, D., Stafford-Bell, M., Stratton, P., Taylor, R., Tsaltas, J., Veit, J., and Vercellini, P.

Published
2013
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100. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Author

Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD, Kastelein JJP, Cornel JH, Pais P, Pella D, Genest J, Cifkova R, Lorenzatti A, Forster T, Kobalava Z, Vida-Simiti L, Flather M, Shimokawa H, Ogawa H, Dellborg M, Rossi PRF, Troquay RPT, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Novo S, Krum H, Varigos J, Siostrzonek P, Sinnaeve P, Gotcheva N, Yong H, Urina-Triana M, Milicic D, Vettus R, Manolis AJ, Wyss F, Sigurdsson A, Fucili A, Veze I, Petrauskiene B, Salvador L, Klemsdal TO, Medina F, Budaj A, Otasevic P, Lainscak M, Seung KB, Commerford P, Donath M, Hwang JJ, Kultursay H, Bilazarian S, East C, Forgosh L, Harris B, Ligueros M, Bohula E, Charmarthi B, Cheng S, Chou S, Danik J, McMahon G, Maron B, Ning M, Olenchock B, Pande R, Perlstein T, Pradhan A, Rost N, Singhal A, Taqueti V, Wei N, Burris H, Cioffi A, Dalseg AM, Ghosh N, Gralow J, Mayer T, Rugo H, Fowler V, Limaye AP, Cosgrove S, Levine D, Lopes R, Scott J, Hilkert R, Tamesby G, Mickel C, Manning B, Woelcke J, Tan M, Manfreda S, Ponce T, Kam J, Saini R, Banker K, Salko T, Nandy P, Tawfik R, O’Neil G, Manne S, Jirvankar P, Lal S, Nema D, Jose J, Collins R, Bailey K, Blumenthal R, Colhoun H, Gersh B, Abreu M, Actis MV, Aiub J, Aiub F, Albisu J, Alvarisqueta A, Avalos V, Barreto M, Berli MA, Blumberg C, Bocanera M, Botta C, Bowen L, Budassi N, Buhlman S, Westberg JC, Carabajal T, Caruso G, Casala J, Cendali G, Coloma G, Berra FC, Cuneo C, Degennaro N, Dellasa M, Diaz M, Dos Santos P, Espinosa V, Facello A, Facello M, Farias E, Fernandez AA, Ferrari V, Pacora FF, Flores GS, Franco M, Gabito A, Viola HG, Garcia F, Garcia Duran R, Garcia Pinna J, Glenny J, Godoy Sanchez M, Grosse A, Guzman P, Hasbani E, Hominal M, Ibañez J, Jure H, Jure D, Vico ML, Liniado G, Luciardi H, Luquez H, Maehara G, Maffei L, Majul C, Mallagray M, Marinaro S, Martinez J, Massaccesi R, De Los Milagros Had M, Azize GM, Montana O, Montenegro E, Morell Y, Muntaner J, Navarrete S, Olmedo M, Paganini M, 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Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, c-reactive protein, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, middle aged, double-blind method, antibodies, Myocardial infarction, humans, Stroke, interleukin-1beta, biology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, drug, General Medicine, Lipid, Aged, anti-inflammatory agents, monoclonal, humanized, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, dose-response relationship, female, incidence, infections, lipids, male, myocardial infarction, neutropenia, secondary prevention, stroke, Anti-Inflammatory Agent, aged, Editorial, Atherosclerosi, Monoclonal, Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Infections, Placebo, antibodies, monoclonal, dose-response relationship, drug, infection, medicine (all), 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Antiinflammatory Therapy, Canakinumab, for Atherosclerotic Disease, C-reactive protein, medicine.disease, Surgery, Canakinumab, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, business
Abstract

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.)

Published
2017
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