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Obesity is a highly prevalent disease associated with several metabolic pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, and different types of cancer. However, since 1933, when the first pharmacological treatments for obesity appeared, their effectiveness and safety have been questioned, leading to the withdrawal of several drugs from the market. Currently, five drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are still in use for obesity control, of which GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated a better safety profile and moderate efficacy in reducing body weight. This literature review presents a historical analysis of anti-obesity drugs, focusing on their efficacy and adverse effects. Trabajo de investigación

Humans place strong pressure on land and have modified around 75% of Earth's terrestrial surface. In this context, ecoregions and biomes, merely defined on the basis of their biophysical features, are incomplete characterizations of the territory. Land system science requires classification schemes that incorporate both social and biophysical dimensions. In this study, we generated spatially explicit social-ecological land system (SELS) typologies for South America with a hybrid methodology that combined data-driven spatial analysis with a knowledge-based evaluation by an interdisciplinary group of regional specialists. Our approach embraced a holistic consideration of the social-ecological land systems, gathering a dataset of 26 variables spanning across 7 dimensions: physical, biological, land cover, economic, demographic, political, and cultural. We identified 13 SELS nested in 5 larger social-ecological regions (SER). Each SELS was discussed and described by specific groups of specialists. Although 4 environmental and 1 socioeconomic variable explained most of the distribution of the coarse SER classification, a diversity of 15 other variables were shown to be essential for defining several SELS, highlighting specific features that differentiate them. The SELS spatial classification presented is a systematic and operative characterization of South American social-ecological land systems. We propose its use can contribute as a reference framework for a wide range of applications such as analyzing observations within larger contexts, designing system-specific solutions for sustainable development, and structuring hypothesis testing and comparisons across space. Similar efforts could be done elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2022 by the author(s).

This work is based on a workshop funded by iDiv via the German Research Foundation (DFG FZT 118 and 202548816). National and local governments need to step up efforts to effectively implement the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity to halt and reverse worsening biodiversity trends. Drawing on recent advances in interdisciplinary biodiversity science, we propose a framework for improved implementation by national and subnational governments. First, the identification of actions and the promotion of ownership across stakeholders need to recognize the multiple values of biodiversity and account for remote responsibility. Second, cross-sectorial implementation and mainstreaming should adopt scalable and multifunctional ecosystem restoration approaches and target positive futures for nature and people. Third, assessment of progress and adaptive management can be informed by novel biodiversity monitoring and modeling approaches handling the multidimensionality of biodiversity change. Publisher PDF

Los equipos constituyen una parte importante en una empresa o sector, por ello el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la incidencia del trabajo en equipo y el cumplimiento de metas en las PYMES del sector textil en Cuenca. El método utilizado fue deductivo, por qué parte de teorías y análisis de las habilidades administrativas con el fin de identificar la incidencia del trabajo en equipo en el cumplimiento de metas y el método analítico con el fin de analizar de manera separada los factores que inciden en el cumplimiento de metas con una determinada planificación. El instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta el cual está estructurado con 30 ítems, el cual consta de 3 partes. Al medir la correlación de Pearson entre trabajo en equipo y cumplimiento de metas se obtuvo un puntaje de 0,276 interpretándolo como una correlación positiva débil y la correlación entre trabajo en equipo y claridad de metas es de -0,132 indica una correlación negativa débil. Dicho lo anterior, se evidencia que el sector textil de Cuenca no presenta un buen nivel de trabajo en equipo en relación con el cumplimiento de metas o claridad de metas. Teams are an important part of a company or industry; therefore, this research aims to determine the incidence of teamwork and the achievement of goals in SMEs in the textile sector in Cuenca. The method used was deductive, because it is based on theories and analysis of administrative skills to identify the impact of teamwork on the achievement of goals and the analytical method to analyze separately the factors that affect the achievement of goals with a given planning. The instrument used was the survey, which is structured with 30 items, consisting of 3 parts. When measuring the Pearson correlation between teamwork and goal fulfillment, a score of 0.276 was obtained, interpreting it as a weak positive correlation, and the correlation between teamwork and goal clarity was -0.132, indicating a weak negative correlation. It is evident that the textile sector in Cuenca does not have a good level of teamwork in relation to goal fulfillment or goal clarity. Trabajo de investigación

RESUMEN Una de las grandes controversias dentro del manejo médico integral del carcinoma hepatocelular es la estimación precisa de la efectividad de la terapia con quimioembolización transarterial. Las evidencias demuestran que la misma hace parte del núcleo de tratamiento para aquellos pacientes con tumores no resecables y, comparado con la resección hepática y ablación por radiofrecuencia, oferta supervivencia a largo plazo si cumplen las características de nódulo hasta 3 cm o menores sin invasión vascular. Presentamos un caso clínico de carcinoma hepatocelular atípico con manejo médico integral, mediante la quimioembolización transarterial, evidenciando por imágenes y macroscópicamente la efectividad de la misma hasta el trasplante hepático ortotópico. ABSTRACT One of the major controversies within the comprehensive medical management of hepatocellular carcinoma is the accurate estimation of the effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization therapy. Evidence shows that it is part of the treatment nucleus for patients with unresectable tumors and, compared to hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation, offers long-term survival if the characteristics of nodules up to 3 cm or less without vascular invasion are met. We present a clinical case of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma with integral medical management, through transarterial chemoembolization, evidencing its effectiveness by images and macroscopically until the orthotopic liver transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a global pandemic that affects all socioeconomic strata, however, the highest figures have been observed in the most disadvantaged social groups. Evidence from the USA and Canada showed that specific urban settings encourage obesogenic behaviour in the population living and/or working there. We aim to examine the evidence on the association between local food environments and obesity in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.METHODS: Six databases from 1990 to 2017 will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Web of Science. Grey literature will also be sought by searching Opengrey Europe, The Grey Literature Report and relevant government websites. Additional studies will be retrieved from the reference lists of the selected articles. It will include cohort, longitudinal, case study and cross-sectional studies that have assessed the relationship between local food environments and obesity in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand regardless of sex, age and ethnicity of the population. Two researchers will independently select the studies and extract the data. Data items will incorporate: author names, title, study design, year of study, year exposure data collected, country, city, urban/rural, age range, study exclusions, special characteristics of study populations, aims, working definitions of food environments and food outlets, exposure and methods of data collection, outcomes and key findings. A narrative synthesis and a summary of the results will be produced separately for children and adults, according to the type of food exposure-outcome. All the selected studies will be assessed using The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will be based on published literature, and therefore ethical approval has not been sought. Our findings will be presented at relevant national and international scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trabajo de investigación Análisis de un proyecto de inversión para la transformación de una guardería infantil que funciona en casa de familia y formalizarla como un jardín infantil privado. El análisis se realizó desde el punto de vista social, respecto a la importancia de la educación en la primera infancia, la necesidad de las familias que tienen niños menores de 6 años de confiar el cuidado de sus hijos a terceros, la generación de empleo y mejora de las condiciones laborales de las personas que actualmente trabajan en la guardería; desde la parte legal, teniendo en cuenta la normatividad vigente en Colombia para la educación, cuidados de los infantes, requisitos de infraestructura y creación de empresa; y desde el punto de vista financiero, estudiando la situación económica actual de la guardería, haciendo levantamiento de información y realizando proyecciones de flujos de caja futuros, que permitan hacer una visión de la rentabilidad que puede generar el proyecto para tomar la decisión de invertir en el mismo. Especialización Especialista en Análisis y Administración Financiera 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. RESUMEN 3. ABSTRACT 4. PALABRAS CLAVES 5. MARCO TEÓRICO 6. OBJETIVOS DELPROYECTO 7. DISEÑO METODOLOGICO 8. RESULTADOS 9. ANALISIS DE RESULTADO 10. BILIOGRAFÍA

Submitted by Christianne Fontes de Andrade (cfontes@ct.ufrj.br) on 2019-10-01T18:28:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 883054.pdf: 6870241 bytes, checksum: cc1e15638ed1793bced66d8423d25ede (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-01T18:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 883054.pdf: 6870241 bytes, checksum: cc1e15638ed1793bced66d8423d25ede (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09 Esta tese propõe uma metodologia para avaliação de imagem, comunicação e reputação de marcas por meio de Mineração de Opiniões em redes sociais. Para isso, investiga as técnicas de Mineração de Textos mais apropriadas para avaliação da percepção do consumidor e demonstra as vantagens do uso dessas técnicas em relação aos métodos tradicionais de pesquisa mercadológica. Contempla também a elaboração de um índice, o IRMR – Índice de Reputação da Marca em Rede. A presente tese pretende contribuir com as áreas de gestão de marcas, pesquisa de marketing, prevenção de crises e planejamento estratégico. A metodologia é aplicável tanto para avaliação de marcas, em relação à percepção e satisfação do consumidor, quanto para análise de concorrência e análises de efetividade da comunicação e de campanhas publicitárias. This dissertation presents a methodology for the evaluation of image, communication and brand reputation through Opinion Mining in social networks. In order to do so, it investigates the most appropriate Text Mining techniques for evaluating consumer perception and demonstrates the advantages of using these techniques compared to traditional methods of market research. It also includes the elaboration of a metric and an index, the NBRI - Network Brand Reputation Index. This dissertation aims at contributing to the areas of brand management, marketing research, crisis prevention and strategic planning. The methodology is applicable to brand evaluation, in relation to consumer perception and satisfaction, as well as to competition analysis and analysis of the effectiveness of communication and of advertising campaigns.

AGRADECIMIENTOS A los estudiantes del curso de Parasitología y Enfermedades parasitarias II de los años 2013, 2014, 2015 y 2016. El ser humano y las especies domésticas guardan hoy en día una relación muy cercana, la cual puede favorecer la transmisión de agentes zoonóticos y causar enfermedad. Con el objetivo de crear conciencia sobre los propietarios de caninos que visitaron dos parques públicos de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, se inició una campaña informativa denominada: “Soy un dueño responsable”. Mediante encuestas al público se determinó el conocimiento de los dueños de mascotas sobre estas enfermedades y sobre el manejo de los desechos fecales de sus perros. Así mismo se proporcionó material tipo panfleto con información respecto a este tema y los cuidados pertinentes que se deben tener. Al finalizar la campaña, se tomaron los datos obtenidos y se publicaron a través de la página web http://tebanvet.wix.com/parasitoproject.com. Un porcentaje elevado de propietarios desconocen la potencialidad de las enfermedades originadas a partir de la tenencia irresponsable de mascotas, el manejo correcto delos desechos y las consecuencias de una infección por dichos agentes, así como el rol que el médico veterinario tiene en divulgar las temáticas de medicina preventiva. Humans and domestic species today keep a very close relationship, which can facilite the transmission of zoonotic agents and cause disease. In order to raise awareness of the owners of dogs who visited two public parks in the Gran Área Metropolitana of Costa Rica, an information campaign called: “I am responsible owner”. Through surveys to the public is determined the knowledge of them owners of pets on these diseases and on the management of those waste fecal of their dogs. Also provided material type brochure with information about this topic and the relevant care that must be taken. At the end of the campaign, the data were collected and published through the website http://tebanvet.wix.com/parasitoproject.com. A high percentage of owners are unaware of the potential of diseases originating from irresponsible ownership pet, proper waste management, and the consequences of infection by these agents, as well as the role that the veterinarian has in disclosing the thematic of preventive medicine. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria

A presente investigação abordou o processo de trabalho na produção de farinha de mandioca, no Agreste Pernambucano, sendo norteada pela seguinte questão: de que maneira as unidades de beneficiamento da mandioca influenciam a saúde dos trabalhadores desses locais? Foi determinado como objetivo geral: analisar as relações entre saúde e ambiente de trabalho a partir do sistema de produção de derivados da mandioca nas casas de farinha. Como objetivos específicos foram definidos: identificar as condições de trabalho e saúde no processo produtivo, caracterizando-as de acordo com os tipos de casas de farinha; analisar os principais problemas pertinentes à saúde dos trabalhadores e propor alternativas de melhorias para a saúde dos trabalhadores nas casas de farinha. Foram pesquisadas cinco casas de farinha no município de Feira Nova no período de maio a junho de 2016. A escolha do referido local foi em razão de ser uma área tradicional do interior pernambucano e guardar o título de “Terra da Farinha”, detendo uma importante atividade econômica por processar a mandioca e pela geração de trabalho para pessoas em, praticamente, todas as fases de produção. Este estudo caracteriza-se como sendo exploratório e descritivo, sendo adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento bibliográfico, identificação e coleta das coordenadas geográficas das casas de farinha, registro fotográfico e gravações de áudio. Foram realizadas trinta e quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos trabalhadores e cinco com os proprietários das casas de farinha. Todos os participantes concordaram e permitiram a divulgação das informações, conforme prevê o Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que nenhum dos empreendimentos possui licença ambiental. A casa de farinha situada na zona urbana é do tipo modernizada, enquanto as da zona rural agregam aspectos tradicionais, modernizado e eletrificado. Foram observadas que as condições atuais dos trabalhadores nas casas de farinha em Feira Nova são praticamente as mesmas dos trabalhadores na Inglaterra no tempo de investigação de Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), dentre as condições de trabalho verificadas estão: carga horária extenuante, baixíssima remuneração e a precariedade do trabalho. Isso, notadamente, porque as condições de trabalho e vida dos trabalhadores ainda são negligenciadas pelas classes proprietárias dos meios de produção. Os principais problemas identificados foram: poluição atmosférica; geração de efluentes tóxicos; uso da lenha como matriz energética; insalubridade e exposição a riscos físicos; geração de resíduos sólidos; baixa remuneração; baixa escolaridade dos trabalhadores falta de higiene e problemas de saúde, dentre eles as dores musculares foram as mais frequentes. No processo de beneficiamento da mandioca, os trabalhadores das casas de farinha estão expostos a diferentes riscos, dentre eles: físicos; químicos; biológicos; ergonômicos; mecânicos que podem comprometer a saúde e a integridade física destas pessoas. É fundamental uma Vigilância em Saúde capaz de prevenir os agravos decorrentes da relação saúde, ambiente e trabalho. The present investigation analyzed the work process in the production of cassava flour, in the municipality of Feira Nova, in the Agreste of Pernambuco, and is guided by the following question: how do the cassava processing units influence the health of the workers of these locations? To answer the question raised, it was determined as a general objective: to analyze the relationship between health and work environment from the production system of cassava derivatives in “flour industry”. As specific objectives were defined: identify working conditions and health in the production process, characterizing them according to the types of “flour industry”; To analyze the main problems related to the health of workers and to propose alternatives for improvements in the health of workers in “flour industry”, being justified by the fact of providing knowledge to society, as well as the help of sources of future research, on the health of workers in “flour industry”, and can subsidize the decision of the society, in particular, the owners of “flour industry” and the bodies of labor and environmental regulation for welfare. Five “flour industry” were investigated in the municipality of Feira Nova, in operation during the investigation period, in May and June of 2016. The choice of this place was due to the fact that it is a traditional area of the interior of Pernambuco and to keep the title of "Land of Flour”, "which has an important economic activity for processing cassava and for generating work for people in practically all stages of production. This study is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, adopting the following methodological procedures: bibliographical survey, identification and collection of the geographical coordinates of “flour industry”, photographic records and audio recordings. Thirty-four semi-structured interviews were carried out with the workers and five with the owners of the “flour industry”. The respondents agreed and allowed the disclosure of information as provided by the Ethics Committee. The results indicate that none of the projects has an environmental license. The “flour industry” situated in the urban area is of the modernized type, while those of the rural area add traditional aspects, modernized and electrified. The present conditions of the workers in the “flour industry” in Feira Nova are practically the same as the workers in England at the time of Friedrich Engels's investigation (1820-1895). This is especially so because the working and working conditions of workers are still neglected by the classes that own the means of production. The main impacts are: air pollution; Generation of toxic effluents; Use of firewood as an energy matrix; lack of hygiene; Unhealthiness and exposure to physical hazards; Generation of solid waste; Low remuneration; Low levels of education. In the process of processing cassava, workers in “flour industry” are exposed to different risks, including: physical; Chemical products; Biological; Ergonomic; Mechanics. Risks can compromise the health and physical integrity of these people. Vigilance is essential to prevent health and work related injuries. La presente investigación abordó el proceso de trabajo en la producción de harina de mandioca, en el Agreste Pernambucano, siendo guiada por la siguiente cuestión: ¿de qué manera las unidades de beneficiamiento de la mandioca influencian la salud de los trabajadores de esos locales? Se determinó como objetivo general: analizar las relaciones entre salud y ambiente de trabajo a partir del sistema de producción de derivados de la mandioca en las casas de harina. Como objetivos específicos se definieron: identificar las condiciones de trabajo y salud en el proceso productivo, caracterizando las de acuerdo con los tipos de casas de harina; Analizar los principales problemas relacionados con la salud de los trabajadores y proponer alternativas de mejora de la salud de los trabajadores en las casas de harina. Se investigaron cinco casas de harina en el municipio de Feira Nova en el período de mayo a junio de 2016. La elección de dicho lugar fue en razón de ser un área tradicional del interior pernambucano y guardar el título de "Tierra de la Harina", deteniendo una importante Actividad económica por procesar la mandioca y la generación de trabajo para personas en prácticamente todas las fases de producción. Este estudio se caracteriza por ser exploratorio y descriptivo, siendo adoptados los siguientes procedimientos metodológicos: levantamiento bibliográfico, identificación y recolección de las coordenadas geográficas de las casas de harina, registro fotográfico y grabaciones de audio. Se realizaron treinta y cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a los trabajadores y cinco con los propietarios de las casas de harina. Todos los participantes acordaron y permitieron la divulgación de las informaciones, según prevé el Comité de Ética e Investigación. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que ninguno de los emprendimientos tiene licencia ambiental. La casa de harina situada en la zona urbana es del tipo modernizada, mientras que las de la zona rural agregan aspectos tradicionales, modernizados y electrificados. Se observó que las condiciones actuales de los trabajadores en las casas de harina en Feira Nova son prácticamente las mismas de los trabajadores en Inglaterra en el tiempo de investigación de Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), entre las condiciones de trabajo comprobadas están: carga horaria extenuante, bajísima remuneración Y la precariedad del trabajo. Esto, especialmente, porque las condiciones de trabajo y la vida de los trabajadores todavía se descuidan por las clases propietarias de los medios de producción. Los principales problemas identificados fueron: contaminación atmosférica; Generación de efluentes tóxicos; El uso de la leña como matriz energética; Insalubridad y exposición a riesgos físicos; Generación de residuos sólidos; Baja remuneración; Baja escolaridad de los trabajadores falta de higiene y problemas de salud, entre ellos los dolores musculares fueron los más frecuentes. En el proceso de beneficiamiento de la mandioca, los trabajadores de las casas de harina están expuestos a diferentes riesgos, entre ellos: físicos; Químicos; Biológicos; En el caso de las mujeres. Mecánicos que pueden comprometer la salud y la integridad física de estas personas. Es fundamental una Vigilancia en Salud capaz de prevenir los agravios resultantes de la relación salud, ambiente y trabajo.