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Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We investigate whether ESG performance is a criterion for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to introduce capital from private enterprises in mixed ownership reforms. • Using a sample of A-share private listed companies in china during 2010–2020, we find that private enterprises' ESG performance is positively associated with the possibility and number of their ownership participation in SOEs. • The relationship between private enterprises' ESG performance and their ownership participation in SOEs is more pronounced for firms with high media coverage and firms without political connections. This study investigates whether ESG performance is a criterion for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to introduce capital from private enterprises in mixed ownership reforms. Using a sample of A-share private listed companies in China and manually collecting the data of the Chinese private listed companies with ownership participation in SOEs during 2010–2020, we find that private enterprises' ESG performance is positively associated with the possibility and number of their ownership participation in SOEs, which remains consistent after conducting several robustness tests. Moreover, the relationship between private enterprises' ESG performance and their ownership participation in SOEs is more pronounced for firms with high media coverage and firms without political connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Área Abierta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is an important measure for transferring government functions and promoting socialist market economy in China. After four years of high-speed development and standardized development in recent years, PPP model has achieved good effect in our country. However, multiple problems emerged. In China, the "public" party of the model has always been dominated by state-owned enterprises. Although private enterprises have the willingness to participate, the actual participation degree and volume are not high which is not good for the sustainable development of the PPP model. This paper applied grounded theory to carry out in-depth interviews with the representatives from government, private enterprise, and SPV company in some key PPP projects with private participation, propose four coral categories to construct the whole process of private enterprises' participation and summarize the behavioral features, and explore private enterprises' realization of their participation willingness into actual participation behavior and the generation of their continuous participation willingness so as to clear the private enterprises' participation path in PPP projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high risk of financing, building, and operating Public–private partnerships (PPPs) often results from the event that participants can barely obtain expected economic returns, thus inhibiting private enterprises’ willingness to participate in PPPs. To increase private enterprises’ desire to participate, this study constructed an evolutionary game model of private enterprises’ participation in PPPs, focusing on the perspective of the mode of incentive. This model revealed the evolutionary law of private enterprises’ participation behavior under different modes of incentive. The results indicate that: First, there is a positive correlation between the intensity of government incentive, the investment return rate, and the probability of private enterprises choosing to participate in PPPs. Specifically, the impact of the investment return rate is more sensitive than the other factors. Second, the cost rate of financing and the risk cost of project uncertainty are negatively correlated with the probability of private enterprises choosing to participate in PPPs, and the impact of the project risk cost is more sensitive than the other factors in this case.

Public–private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely applied in infrastructure construction. Leveraging private capital is the key to promoting the high-quality development of PPP projects. This study examines the combined effect of seven factors determining private enterprises that participate in PPP and collects materials from 102 PPP sewage treatment projects to examine the causal configuration path of private enterprises participating in PPP (PEP3P) from an overall perspective by using necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The findings support the fact that any single antecedent condition is not a necessary condition for PEP3P and is instead the combined effect of different factors that commonly form the diversified causal configuration paths of PEP3P. There is an obvious asymmetry between the configuration paths of the high participation and low participation of private enterprises. The enterprise technology level (ETL) and doing business (DB) are important internal driving forces and give external traction for PEP3P, while the enterprise credit level (ECL) and project investment scale (PIS) are important factors that restrict private enterprises from participating in PPP. This research fills a theoretical gap for PEP3P and can be applied to developing strategies for attracting private enterprises to participate in PPP.

Drawing from Positive Organisational Behaviour theory, this research studies the interrelationships of psychological capital, burnout, and quality of work-life with the highlighted moderation of organisational and personal characteristics. The proposed research model on these interrelationships is verified with a sample of 302 employees in both Vietnamese public and private enterprises and the structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The results suggest that psychological capital is positively related to the quality of work-life and is negatively related to employees' burnout. In contrast, burnout is negatively related to the quality of work-life. These results suggest the mediating effects of burnout in the relationship between psychological capital and quality of work-life. Additionally, findings show that organisational ownership characteristics moderate the impacts of psychological capital on burnout and those of burnout on employees' quality of work-life as well. However, the moderating effects of demographic characteristics (age and gender) are insignificant. These findings provide several implications for managers to take the advantages of psychological capital in their recruiting, training, and career development programs for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is pivotal for global sustainability, with state-owned capital playing a significant role, especially in the Chinese corporate landscape. This study, spanning 2008 to 2020 and leveraging a comprehensive dataset of listed companies, explores the intricate relationship between state-owned capital and the quality of green innovation in Chinese private enterprises. Motivated by the imperative to address crucial issues in green innovation quality in China, this research utilizes empirical data to uncover the mechanisms through which state-owned capital fosters green innovation. The study reveals how state-owned capital optimizes internal governance structures and reinforces environmental consciousness within private firms. Findings underscore the crucial role of state-owned capital in enhancing the quality of green innovation in private enterprises, operating through two primary mechanisms. Firstly, state-owned capital cultivates a heightened inclination towards green innovation within these firms. Secondly, it facilitates the adoption of enhanced internal governance practices, catalyzing the development of high-quality green innovation projects. A battery of mechanism tests provides robust evidence that state-owned capital enhances environmental awareness, restrains self-serving behaviors among major shareholders, mitigates financing constraints, and amplifies the motivation and capability of private enterprises for green innovation. This multifaceted approach ultimately fosters high-quality green innovation within companies. The study reveals the subtle interplay between state capital and private sector green innovation, highlighting its relevance to policymaking and practical considerations. It provides valuable insights into the ongoing pursuit of sustainability and the integration of green practices into the corporate world., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Introduction: Private enterprises are playing an increasingly important role in production and employment in China. However, due to less regulation and a stronger profit motivation than state-owned enterprises with more standardized management, a considerable portion of these private enterprises fall short of fulfilling their basic responsibilities for government-mandated old-age insurance., Methods: This study establishes a comprehensive research framework aimed at delving into the precise factors contributing to the lax adherence of private enterprises to their basic old-age insurance obligations. This framework takes into account a range of factors, including enterprise profitability, the external environmental context (specifically the level of regional development), and internal organizational dynamics (such as the presence of labor unions and workers' congresses). To validate this framework, empirical data from a substantial sample of 3,123 private enterprises, which were part of the 10th Chinese Private Enterprise Survey (CPES), were utilized. This study employs the stepwise multiple regression analysis and conducts robustness tests to ensure the model's effectiveness., Results: Enterprise profitability, regional development levels, and the existence of labor unions all wield a positive influence on basic old-age insurance coverage that private enterprises extend to their workforce. Moreover, an intriguing aspect emerges: the developmental stage of the region, as well as the presence of labor unions exercise a negative moderating effect on the relationship between enterprise profitability and the coverage rate of basic old-age insurance. In essence, this implies that the basic old-age insurance coverage rate for private enterprises operating in well-developed regions and those with established labor unions is relatively insulated from fluctuations in profitability., Discussion: To increase the participation rate of private enterprises' basic old-age insurance, it is important to improve the overall development environment for private enterprises, enhance internal organizational mechanisms, and strengthen regulatory oversight of enterprises in various regions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, Ma, Peng, Peng and Qian.)

The introduction of state-owned capital into private enterprises is an important form of mixed-ownership reform, but it is often labeled as ‘state advancement and private retreat’ or ‘retrogression in reform’ in China. Based on the sample of listed private manufacturers, we find the introduction of state-owned capital can significantly improve trade credit of private enterprises. Due to the complementary advantages, private enterprises benefit from state-owned capital by getting more trade credit. Moreover, we find there will be a profound impact only in the regions with high degrees of marketization. An important policy implication is that we should continue to promote market-oriented reforms and focus on encouraging state-owned capital to enter private enterprises in high marketization regions.

El presente artículo constituye una aproximación sociológica a un fenómeno de creciente importancia para la sociedad cubana: las prácticas transnacionales de emigrados cubanos en el sector privado, los que cada día tienen mayor presencia en la realidad social y económica de la sociedad cubana. El artículo resume los resultados de un estudio de casos, el cual constituye un intento por explicar cómo las prácticas transnacionales de emigrados cubanos, a partir del envío de remesas, en dinero, bienes materiales y culturales, tienen un impacto fundamental en la concepción, creación y desarrollo de emprendimientos privados, específicamente en ocho de estos pertenecientes a las modalidades bar-restaurante, casa de renta en CUC y cafetería, ubicadas en el Centro Histórico de La Habana. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se pudo constatar la presencia de disímiles prácticas transnacionales en estos, tanto en los casos en que el dueño es el emigrado –porque presenta estatus migratorio en otras naciones y es este el principal emisor de remesas–, como en los casos en que el dueño recibió remesas a partir de redes de familiares y amigos. The current article constitutes a sociological approach to a topic of increasing importance for Cuban society: the transnational practices of Cuban emigrants in the private sector, that every day has a greater presence in social and economic reality of the society. This article resumes the results of a case study that attempt to explain how the transnational practices of Cuban emigrants, from the remittance,in money, material and cultural goods have a fundamental impact on the conception, creation and development of micro enterprises, specifically in the bar-restaurant modalities, rent house in CUC and coffee shops in the Historic Center of Havana. From the results obtained it was possible to confirm the presence of transnational practices of these, either in cases in which the owner is the emigrant ––because it presents migratory status in other nations and this is the main issuer of remittances– or in cases where the owner received remittances from networks of family and friends.

This study examines state-private firm coordination in China's corporate globalization with a focus on cross-border mergers and acquisitions in Southeast Asia. The profile of China's private firms in the country's overseas economic expansion has risen dramatically over the past few years, but the controversy continues as to what extent they coordinate their overseas activities with the state. This is because Chinese private firms, not unlike state-owned enterprises, have political economy reasons to subject their corporate decision-making to state preferences. Still, the outcomes of state-firm coordination in private sector internationalization vary. In some transactions, the state and private firms form a strong partnership through elaborate policies and financing; others see some alignment that is not decisive for transaction outcomes; and still others see minimal, almost rhetorical engagement. The varied outcomes can be explained by the combination of foreign direct investment (FDI) motives and the technology intensity of the target industry. We propose a framework drawn from the international business theory of FDI motives and the literature on China's techno-industrial policy to classify different types of state-private sector coordination. We survey recent developments in China's cross-border acquisitions in Southeast Asia and provide illustrative case studies to support our argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on firm level data for the period of 1998-2007, this paper attempts to explain the growth differences between private enterprises and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, in the context of liquidity shocks, and institutional and financial environments. It is found that (1) when liquidity tightens, the private enterprises face stricter credit constraints than SOEs, which restricts the development of private enterprise; (2) when liquidity becomes abundant, private enterprises face fewer financial limitations and grow much faster than SOEs; (3) the effect of liquidity shocks on the growth rate gap between private enterprises and SOEs has weakened during the period 2002-2007. These findings reveal that the credit discrimination against private enterprises can be mitigated by improving institutional and financial environments, which weaken the effects of liquidity shocks on firm growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Political conformity boosts entrepreneurship. • Political conformity enhances entrepreneurship due to reduced resource constraints and improved interest alignment. • Political conformity serves as a substitute for the weak external monitoring. This paper investigates the effects of political conformity on entrepreneurship using a sample of Chinese privately-owned enterprises between 2010 and 2020. We find that political conformity positively affects entrepreneurship. Mechanism tests indicate that political conformity enhances entrepreneurship due to reduced resource constraints and improved interest alignment. Further, our additional analyses suggest that political conformity serves as a substitute for the weak external monitoring functions in the market, fostering the growth of entrepreneurship. This study highlights the influence of political ideology alignment on entrepreneurship, an aspect that has yet to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First, it enriches research on the economic consequences of competition in the banking market. This study clarifies and thoroughly explains the logic of macro-financial influence on micro-enterprises from both, positive and negative perspectives. • Second, based on the reality of China's financial regulation, and combined with empirical tests, it fully explains why banking competition does not "connive" private enterprise violations. The conclusions of this study confirm the positive effects of banking competition and enrich research on the dividend effect of banking competition. • Third, it further deepens the research on the "rationalization" element of the fraud triangle theory. Studies have found significant differences in individual rationalization tendencies, so that control strategies for "rationalization" can be developed to discourage enterprise violations. This study examines the impact of banking competition on private enterprise violations, using a sample of A-share listed private enterprises in China from 2011 to 2021. The study found that the increased level of banking competition is conducive to the realization of the capital and the supervisory effects that banks are supposed to have, which, in turn, have a "controlling" effect on private enterprise violations. Banking competition has yet to fulfil its potential "conniving" effects, which is closely related to China's high level of financial regulation. In addition, based on the Fraud Triangle Theory, the study found that the financial accounting background of managers is an important factor influencing the tendency for "rationalization". In other words, the disincentive effect of banking competition on violations is stronger when a relatively lower proportion of management has a financial accounting background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We explore the effect of the Communist Party of China's involvement in corporate governance. • The establishment of party organisations within private firms notably enhances their productivity. • Our finding enrich our understanding on corporate governance in China. This research offers a comprehensive exploration into the influence of the Communist Party of China's involvement in corporate governance and its subsequent effect on the total factor productivity of firms. Drawing data from publicly listed firms spanning from 2008 to 2021, we employ a multi-period difference-in-differences analytical approach. Our investigations reveal that the establishment of party organisations within private firms notably enhances their productivity. Empirical evidence consistently underscores the positive role of the Communist Party of China in elevating productivity standards. This outcome is further corroborated through rigorous validation tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The relationship between enterprise size and psychosocial working conditions has received little attention so far but some findings suggest that conditions are more favorable in small enterprises. This could have a positive impact on workers' mental health. The objective of this study was to test the mediating effect of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and anxious or depressive episodes. Methods. Data from the 2010 SUMER – Surveillance Médicale des Expositions aux Risques professionnels (French periodical cross-sectional survey) were analyzed; N = 31,420 for the present study. Anxious or depressive episodes were measured with the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the perceived working conditions were psychological demand, decision latitude and social support as assessed with Karasek's job content questionnaire. The indirect effect was tested according to the method proposed by Preacher and Hayes. Results. In a multivariate logistic regression, the risk of anxious or depressive episodes was found to be lower in micro enterprises (2–9 employees). Formal tests pointed to a significant indirect effect of enterprise size on mental health through perceived working conditions, with a larger effect for psychological demand. Conclusion. This study highlights perceived working conditions as an explanation of the effects of enterprise size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we examine the institutions of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) and its political role from a historical perspective. By studying the ACFIC's leadership, governing structure, and the activities of its affiliated business chambers and members, we argue that the ACFIC has evolved beyond its original mechanism as a component of the united front work and played an increasingly important role in the Party-state's economic governance. Consequent to this development, nowadays the ACFIC has become a formal channel for private enterprises to articulate their collective interests and influence the national policy-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the relationship between bond spreads and macro economy has been studied extensively by economists in western countries. However, few attentions were paid on this topic in China. This essay regards Chinese bond market as a complex system and constructs bond indices for China with the bottom-up approach. The authors use the data of 3,205 non-financial corporate bonds from February 2010 to October 2017 and construct a new spread noted as the PE_SOE spread. The authors find that the PE_SOE spread has a negative impact on economic activities and has the best predictive ability at short-run forecasting horizons, owing to the institutional superiority of the state-owned enterprises in China. The Treasury bond yields are found to have the best predictive ability at long-run horizons. Both spread shock and Treasury yield shock could lead to deflation and declines in economic activities, and the Treasury yield shock has a more severe and persistent impact on the economy due to the financial accelerator mechanism. PE_SOE spread is proved to be a better indicator for Chinese corporate bond market and can be widely used not only in future Chinese economic studies, but also for Chinese government's macroeconomic monitoring and warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Normal University is the property of Beijing Normal University, Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the effects of CEO hometown ties on corporate tax avoidance. The results show that CEO hometown ties to local government officials have a significantly positive impact on tax avoidance for private firms in China. We also find that the hometown ties effect is more pronounced in cities with weak public governance and in cities whose municipal Party committee secretaries are promoted from the same city, whereas the effect is weak in cities whose municipal Party committee secretaries are transferred from other places. In summary, our results suggest that hometown ties as an important political resource can facilitate connected private firms to obtain more economic resources from government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the consequences of China’s outward direct investments in Africa in terms of enterprises with different ownership types. First, this paper contributes to the examination of a large number of Chinese enterprises’ investment projects in Africa. Second, in addition to the investment activities of central state-owned enterprises, investment activities initiated by local state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are also addressed in this paper. Third, this paper demonstrates the diversity of Chinese investment in Africa through the discussion of a large number of cases. We find that the motives of central state-owned enterprises comply with government policies. However, most private enterprises and non-central state-owned enterprises invest in Africa for profit considerations. This paper concludes that China’s investments in Africa are diverse and complex and cannot be explained using a single model of the extant theories.

Private enterprises may encounter high industrial barriers in China because of government administrative restrictions. We analyse the effect of partial state ownership on a privately controlled company's participation in industries with state-imposed barriers. The results indicate that state ownership in privately controlled enterprises has a significantly positive effect on participation in high barrier industries. After controlling for partial state ownership, we find that personal political identity of entrepreneurs, a previously investigated dimension of political connections, becomes less important in explaining private enterprises' participation in barrier industries. We also find the effect of state ownership on access to barrier industries will become weaker when local economy is more developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the location decision of Chinese manufacturing firms for their greenfield investments in Europe. The analysis draws on neo-institutional theory to formulate hypotheses on the importance of mimicry in Chinese firms’ location decisions and how this differs between private and state-owned enterprises. The analysis is conducted at the subnational (regional) level while taking into account economic integration across regions. The results confirm the importance of mimicry and show that Chinese firms not only follow previous Chinese investors in the same sector but also in unrelated sectors. Furthermore, Chinese investors only follow previous investments by Chinese private-owned companies while the results also show that Chinese private-owned companies generally have a higher tendency than state-owned companies do to follow prior investment decisions by compatriot firms. As the empirical evidence demonstrates the importance of bandwagon effects, the implication is that investment decisions can have a lasting influence on the geographical pattern of Chinese investments across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in China's economy has typically been focused on its phenomenal growth. However, more recently there has been growing interest in emerging constraints on and vulnerabilities regarding that growth. A key focus has been concern with issues of shadow banking. This article discusses one aspect of China's finance system, which has some crossover with shadow banking: informal lending to private enterprises (PE). This lending is characteristically unstable and exhibits a number of features that constrain private enterprises. Intrinsic to those constraints are issues of usury, bribery and rent-seeking (as an expression of power), all of which bear on the institutional context of ethics. This article discusses the case of Wenzhou, the most prominent city for private enterprises in China. The Wenzhou case is explored using a narrative form drawing on multiple sources including academic papers, regulation, newspapers, and social media. This is an increasingly recognized approach within mixed methods research and this article supplies important qualitative insight into the how and why questions regarding the Wenzhou case. The Wenzhou case is typical in terms of the coexistence and interaction of formal and informal lending in China. Finally, we highlight the limits of the recent reform process and current approach to resolving the problem of financing for PEs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We examine the impact of political connections (PC) on stock price synchronicity (Syn). • We find that PC significantly increase Syn. • Different political connections exhibit different effects of PC on Syn. • Our findings present policy implications for emerging markets. This study empirically investigates how political connections affect the information content of stock prices. We find that political connections increase stock price synchronicity; political connections in the category of government officials significantly increase stock price synchronicity; political connections in the category of industrial and commercial associations significantly decrease stock price synchronicity; the relationship between political connections in the category of NPC deputies and CPPCC members and stock price synchronicity is not significant; political connections in the category of NPC deputies and CPPCC members significantly increase stock price synchronicity in the case of direct listing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Communist Party organizations can promote corporate green innovation. • Financing constraints and green awareness are two potential mechanisms. • This study adds new insights into the relationship between political parties and corporate green innovation. The economic consequences of political parties embedded in corporate governance have become a recent emergent agenda. This paper use private listed companies in A-shares from 2009 to 2020 as the sample and investigate the impact of private enterprises (PEs) establishing CPC party organizations on corporate green innovation(CGI) through multi-period DID model and mediating effect model. The results show that the establishment of CPC party organizations by PEs can effectively improve CGI. The transmission mechanism is that CPC party organisations can help companies alleviate their financing constraints and push them to improve their environmental, social and governance performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper creatively applies Event Study Model and Fama-French Three Factor Model to research the differences in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) performance between Chinese state-owned enterprises and private enterprises Research findings demonstrate that cross-border M&A implemented by Chinese private enterprises show positive value. By contrast, the performance of cross-border M&A implemented by Chinese state-owned enterprises show negative value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has been engaged with Africa since the 1956. Following the domestic economic reforms of 1978, politically and ideologically motivated engagement gave way to economically and commercially driven cooperation. Successive waves of reforms in China have made the engagement more economically and commercially driven. Initially China’s engagement with Africa in general was dominated by China’s state-owned enterprises. More recently private enterprises have entered the arena.In discussions on China–Africa, China is often presented as a single actor. In fact, there are many ‘Chinas’ in Africa. More nuanced literature has disaggregated ‘China’ in Africa into different actors. With regard to China’s economic cooperation, the literature has either focused on its state-owned enterprises or the impacts of its commercial relations on local African business and populations. This paper intends to contribute to the growing literature on Chinese private enterprises in Africa. It provides a characterization of Chinese private companies in Kampala, Uganda, based on a recent survey of 42 Chinese enterprises there. It will present the data, analysis and stories of how and when they came, what problems they encountered and how these were solved based on the in-depth interviews that were carried out. The paper will show that many of these companies are relatively small, recent entrants in Uganda, motivated by the potential of the markets and increasingly facing problems with the authorities concerning their visas and work permits. It will be concluded that life for these private enterprises in Uganda is becoming gradually more difficult. There will be a shaking out of the companies that do not provide positive contributions to the local economy and society in general. This leaves many, especially smaller, Chinese private entrepreneurs uncertain about their future in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]