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Bids for large-scale sporting events and the accompanying political rhetoric typically include promises of economic development and gains for host business communities over the short and long term. Although conceptual models for economic leverage of large-scale sport events have been developed, our knowledge of the practical experiences of private enterprise converting opportunities presented by large-scale sport events is limited. In this article, the authors address this gap through a case study of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. The article investigates the opportunities and challenges perceived by private enterprises across the host city and explores the implementation of existing strategies to leverage benefits for business. Although participants identify the general benefits of hosting the event, they struggle to conceptualize benefits in relation to their own business settings. This suggests a disconnect between the legacy rhetoric of large-scale sporting events and the conversion of these opportunities into outcomes by private enterprises in the host city. Against this background, the article outlines a range of practical implications for private enterprise and key areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Local government competition significantly affect resource allocation efficiency. • The effect is more pronounced in regions with a lower degree of marketization. • The effect is more pronounced in private enterprises. This study confirms that local government competition is an important influencing factor on resource allocation efficiency. The results indicate that local government competition can inspire local governments to better serve local businesses and residents, improve administrative efficiency, reduce unnecessary administrative barriers, and encourage the government to allocate resources more efficiently. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis results show that the promotion effect of local government competition on resource allocation is more pronounced in areas with lower marketization and in private enterprises. Overall, the results of this study indirectly confirm that building a "proactive government" can optimize the resource allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the impact of institutions on the labor productivity of small and medium-sized private enterprises through the spillover effect from state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The authors used data samples from three datasets: (i) The Annual Enterprise Survey conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) from 2010 to 2018; (ii) Institutional data (PCI) published by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) from 2010 to 2018; (iii) GSO 2012 I-O balance sheet and a set of tabular data containing 666,221 observations at the enterprise and provincial levels in Vietnam from 2010 to 2018, including both listed and unlisted enterprises. The model’s experimental result shows that institutional improvement boosts labor productivity of domestic private enterprises through a horizontal and forward spillover channel from SOEs. Through the backward spillover channel from SOEs, how institutional improvement affects the labor productivity depends on the degree of backward spillover channel from SOEs.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to reveal the relation between Prince Sabahattin’s private enterprise idea and today’s studies on the sociology of entrepreneurship. Method: Data and other information were gathered through literature review. Findings: Prince Sabahattin, who was a Young - Turk, is accepted as the first person to realize that social and economic changes are fulfilled by the entrepreneurs in the Ottoman Empire. Contrary to the many other intellectuals, Prince Sabahattin thinks that the role of institutional transformation is not enough in for social and economic development. His key concept explaining this transformation is private enterprise [teşebbüs-i şahsi]. In short, he emphasizes the role of social values and norms on entrepreneurial activities and the negative effects of restrictions on individual freedom in terms transformation of society. Results: Finally, it is suggested that the starting point of studies about sociology of entrepreneurship in Turkey should be based on Prince Sabahattin’s private enterprise and decentralization thought