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Asthma is one of the most common chronic pulmonary disorders, affecting more than 330 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, there are still no specific treatments for asthma so far. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective therapeutics and medicines to deal with this intractable disease. Berberine (Ber) has fabulous anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, while its low water solubility and bioavailability greatly limit its curative efficiency. To improve the nasal mucosa absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as Ber, we developed a platelet membrane- (PM-) coated nanoparticle (NP) system (PM@Ber-NPs) for targeted delivery of berberine to the inflammatory lungs. In vivo, PM@Ber-NPs exhibited enhanced targeting retention in the inflammatory lungs compared with free Ber. In a mouse model of house dust mite- (HDM-) induced asthma, PM@Ber-NPs markedly inhibited lung inflammation, as evident by reduced inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in the lung compared with free Ber. Collectively, our study demonstrated the inhibitory actions of nasally delivered nanomedicines on HDM-induced asthma, primarily through regulating Th1/Th2 balance by enhancing IL-12 expression which could potentially reduce lung inflammation and allergic asthma.

Cancer is a major threat to the health of humans. Recently, various natural products including curcumin (CCM) have attracted enormous interest for efficacious cancer therapy. However, natural therapeutic agents still encounter certain challenges such as rapid clearance, low bioavailability, and poor tumor targeting. Recently, the platelet membrane (PM) camouflaged nanoparticle has provided a promising solution for cancer targeting therapy. Nevertheless, only limited efforts have been dedicated to systematically explore the mechanism of affinity between PM bioinspired nanoparticles and various tumor cells. Herein, a CCM-encapsulated platelet membrane biomimetic lipid vesicle (CCM@PL) with a size of 163.2 nm, zeta potential of −31.8 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 93.62% was developed. The values of the area under the concentration-time curve and mean residence time for CCM@PL were 3.08 times and 3.04 times those of CCM, respectively. Furthermore, this PM biomimetic carrier showed an excellent affinity against Huh-7, SK-OV-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines due to the biomolecular interaction between P-selectin on the PM and tumoral CD44 receptors. In addition, CCM@PL displayed enhanced cytotoxicity compared with free CCM and the synthetic formulation. Overall, our results suggest that this developed PM biomimetic lipid nanovector has great potential for targeted cancer treatment and natural components delivery.

Clinically, antioxidant therapy is a potential strategy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI), a common complication of acute myocardial ischemia. The H-D-Arg-Dmt-Ly-Phe-NH2 (SS31) peptide is shown to have amazing antioxidant properties, but its utilization is limited by the peptide characteristics, such as the destruction by proteases and rapid metabolism. Silica nanoparticles (MSNs) comprise an excellent material for peptide delivery, owing to the protection effect relating to peptides. Moreover, platelet membrane (PLTM) is shown to be advantageous as a coat for nanosystems because of its specific protein composition, such that a PLTM-coated nanosystem has a stealth effect in vivo, able to target injury in the cardiovascular system. Based on this feature, we designed and prepared a novel nanocarrier to target SS31 delivery. This carrier is encapsulated by a platelet membrane and loaded with SS31 peptide into MSNs. The results reveal that this delivery system can target SS31 to the injured cardiovascular site, exert antioxidant function, and alleviate MI/RI.

Abstract Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are metabolic hereditary diseases caused by defects in the synthesis of glycoconjugates. CDG have been described in sugar-nucleotide biosynthesis and transporter, glycosyltransferases, vesicular transport, as well as in lipid biosynthesis and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. PMM2-CDG is caused by mutations in the phosphomannomutase-2 (PMM2) gene and shows autosomal recessive inheritance. It affects all organs and tissues, ranging from severe psychomotor retardation to moderate intellectual disability. Alterations in the primary haemostatic system have been reported in these patients and they can lead to severe bleeding or excessive thrombosis with subsequent vascular insufficiency. Despite of being the most common CDG, platelet glycosylation and sialylation defects in PMM2-CDG patients remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we applied a lectin-based flow cytometry approach to report the first characterization of the highly glycosylated platelet membrane glycan profile in a PMM2-CDG patient. In the PMM2-CDG patient’s platelet samples, a decreased binding of SNA lectin, indicative of reduced terminal α-2-6 sialic acid content, and an increased binding of PNA lectin, suggesting desialylation of β-1-N-acetylgalactosamine residues, were observed. Reduced expression of terminal sialic acids in platelet membrane glycoproteins may contribute to the increased risk of hemorrhage reported in these patients by promoting platelet clearance and thrombocytopenia.

[Display omitted] A multifunctional nanoplatform was constructed in this work, with the goal of ameliorating the challenges faced with traditional cancer chemotherapy. Cisplatin (CP) was loaded into mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) nanoparticles (NPs) with a drug loading of 15.8 ± 0.1 %, and MnO 2 used as pore sealing agent. Finally, the NPs were wrapped with platelet membrane (PLTM). P-selectin on the PLTM can bind to CD44, which is highly expressed on the tumor cell membrane, so as to improve the targeting performance of the NPs. In addition, the CD47 on the PLTM can prevent the NPs from being phagocytosed by macrophages, which is conducive to immune escape. The final PLTM-CP@mPDA/MnO 2 NPs were found to have a particle size of approximately 198 nm. MnO 2 is degraded into Mn2+ in the tumor microenvironment, leading to CP release from the pores in the mPDA. CP both acts as a chemotherapy agent and can also increase the concentration of H 2 O 2 in cells. Mn2+ can catalyze the conversion of H 2 O 2 to OH, resulting in oxidative damage and chemodynamic therapy. In addition, Mn2+ can be used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the therapeutic effect of the NPs. When the concentration of CP is 30 μg/mL, the NPs cause approximately 50 % cell death. It was found that the PLTM-CP@mPDA/MnO 2 NPs are targeted to cancerous cells, and in the tumor site cause extensive apoptosis. Tumor growth is thereby repressed. No negative off-target side effects were noted. MRI could be used to confirm the presence of the NPs in the tumor site. Overall, the nano-platform developed here provides cooperative chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy, and can potentially be used for effective cancer treatment which could be monitored by MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombosis-related diseases represent the leading causes of disability or death worldwide. However, conventional thrombolytic therapies are subjected to narrow therapeutic window, short circulation half-life and bleeding. Herein, we rationally design and develop a safe and efficient nonpharmaceutical thrombolysis strategy based on a specific piezocatalytic effect arising from platelet membrane (PM)-conjugated two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric selenene, Se-PM nanosheets (NSs). The 2D selenene is fabricated from nonlayered bulk selenium powder by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method, and the PM conjugation confers selenene with the distinct thrombus-homing feature. Under ultrasonic activation, the piezoelectric characteristic of selenene triggers electrons and holes separation, resulting in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reacting with surrounding H 2 O and O 2 in the thrombosis microenvironment for thrombolysis. Both systematic in vitro and in vivo assessments demonstrate that the biocompatible Se-PM NSs efficiently degrade erythrocytes, fibrin and artificial blood clots under ultrasound irradiation. Compared to the clinical thrombolytic drug urokinase plasminogen activator, the engineered Se-PM NSs possess excellent thrombolytic efficacy by single treatment in the tail thrombosis animal model without bleeding risk. The engineered Se-PM nanoplatform marks an exciting jumping-off point for research into the application of piezocatalysis in clinical treatment of thrombosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nanoscale drug-delivery systems (DDSs) have great promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Platelet membrane (PLTM) biomimetic DDSs are expected to enhance retention in vivo and escape uptake by macrophages, as well as minimizing immunogenicity, attributing to the CD47 protein in PLTM sends “don’t eat me” signals to macrophages. In addition, P-selectin is overexpressed on the PLTM, which would allow a PLTM-biomimetic DDS to specifically bind to the CD44 receptors upregulated on the surface of cancer cells. Results In this study, porous nanoparticles loaded with the anti-cancer drug bufalin (Bu) were prepared from a chitosan oligosaccharide (CS)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer. These were subsequently coated with platelet membrane (PLTM) to form PLTM-CS-pPLGA/Bu NPs. The PLTM-CS-pPLGA/Bu NPs bear a particle size of ~ 192 nm, and present the same surface proteins as the PLTM. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results revealed a greater uptake of PLTM-CS-pPLGA/Bu NPs than uncoated CS-pPLGA/Bu NPs, as a result of the targeted binding of P-selectin on the surface of the PLTM to the CD44 receptors of H22 hepatoma cells. In vivo biodistribution studies in H22-tumor carrying mice revealed that the PLTM-CS-pPLGA NPs accumulated in the tumor, because of a combination of active targeting effect and the EPR effect. The PLTM-CS-pPLGA/Bu NPs led to more effective tumor growth inhibition over other bufalin formulations. Conclusions Platelet membrane biomimetic nanoparticles played a promising targeted treatment of cancer with low side effect.

Thrombolytic therapy is one of the most effective treatments for thrombus dissolution and recanalization of blocked vessels in thrombotic diseases. However, the application of the thrombolytic strategy has been limited due to unsatisfactory thrombolytic efficacy, relatively higher bleeding complications, and consequently restricted indications. Recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) is a third-generation thrombolytic agent produced by genetic engineering technology, which exhibits a better thrombolytic efficacy than urokinase and recombinant streptokinase. Inspired by the natural affinity of platelets in hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, we developed a platelet membrane (PM)-coated r-SAK (PM-r-SAK). Results from animal experiments and human in vitro studies showed that the PM-r-SAK had a thrombolytic efficacy equal to or better than its 4-fold dose of r-SAK. In a totally occluded rabbit femoral artery thrombosis model, the PM-r-SAK significantly shortened the initial recanalization time compared to the same dose and 4-fold dose of r-SAK. Regarding the recanalized vessels, the PM-r-SAK prolonged the time of reperfusion compared to the same dose and 4-fold dose of r-SAK, though the differences were not significant. An in vitro thrombolytic experiment demonstrated that the thrombolytic efficacy of PM-r-SAK could be inhibited by platelet-poor plasma from patients taking aspirin and ticagrelor. PM coating significantly improves the thrombolytic efficacy of r-SAK, which is related to the thrombus-targeting activity of the PM-r-SAK and can be inhibited by aspirin- and ticagrelor-treated plasma.

Liver fibrosis represents a reversible stage of various chronic liver diseases that progresses to cirrhosis. This condition is characterized by an imbalance between tissue damage and repair, and the production of fibers in the liver exceeds their degradation. Oxidative stress (OS) resulting from tissue injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) triggered by the overproduction of proteins are pivotal factors in liver fibrosis. Melatonin demonstrates the capability to neutralize free radicals, shielding cells from oxidative harm. It is also a specific inhibitor of the ERS receptor transcription activating factor 6 (ATF6), indicating its great potential in ameliorating liver fibrosis. However, its limited water solubility and oral bioavailability of under 15% present hurdles in achieving therapeutic blood concentrations for treating liver fibrosis. The PLGA@Melatonin is constructed by loading melatonin with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Platelet membranes (PM) and activated hepatic stellate cell membranes (HSCM) with high expression of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) are extracted to successfully construct PM@PLGA@Melatonin and HSCM@PLGA@Melatonin, which are subsequently utilized to treat mice with liver fibrosis. The results illustrated the remarkable therapeutic effects of the two nanoparticles on liver fibrosis, along with their excellent targeting and biosafety properties., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Intravenous injection of thrombolytic drugs is the most effective strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. However, the clinical application of most thrombolytic drugs is limited by hemorrhagic risks and narrow therapeutic index. The targeted drug delivery systems may help to address these problems. Inspired by the crucial role of platelets in the process of thrombus, Platelet membrane-coated PLGA cores loading lumbrokinase (PNPs/LBK) were designed for effective thrombolysis with reduced hemorrhagic risk. Using a mouse carotid thrombosis model, the affinity of platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles to the thrombus was confirmed. Also, the PNPs/LBK exhibited excellent thrombolytic efficacy at a low dose, compared with free LBK. More importantly, PNPs/LBK showed less adverse effect on the function of the coagulation system, and thus reduced hemorrhagic risk. These results indicated that a promising thrombus-targeted drug delivery system was achieved by coating PLGA nanoparticles with platelet membrane. Such rationally designed drug delivery system will provide a broad platform for thrombus treatment. Schematic representation of platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles for thrombus targeted delivery of lumbrokinase. Briefly, the thrombus-targeted drug delivery system was designed by coating the platelet membrane on the surface of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with lumbrokinase by a re-emulsion method, which exhibited excellent targeting ability to different components of thrombus and thus thrombus-targeted thrombolytic efficacy. Unlabelled Image • Platelet membrane-coated PLGA cores loading lumbrokinase (PNPs/LBK) were designed for targeted thrombolysis. • PNPs have a strong affinity to fibrin, platelets and activated endothelial cells. • PNPs/LBK showed less adverse effect on the function of the coagulation system, and thus reduced hemorrhagic risk. • Such rationally designed drug delivery system will provide a broad platform for thrombus treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The restriction of a tumor’s energy supply is proven to be an effective means of treatment. Glucose oxidase (GOx), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucolactone, producing oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the process, has proved useful in this regard. However, hypoxia, which is implicated in tumor growth, has been found to mediate resistance to this type of tumor starvation. Here, we describe the design and testing of a platelet membrane mimetic, PMS, consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with metformin (MET) as an inner layer and platelet membranes (PM) as an outer layer that inhibits oxygen consumption by the tumor cells’ respiratory pathways and enhances the effectiveness of GOx. MET directly inhibits the activity of complex I in mitochondrial electron transport and is thus a potent inhibitor of cell respiration. PMS target tumor tissue effectively and, once internalized, MET can inhibit respiration. When oxygen is plentiful, GOx promotes glucose consumption, allowing amplification of its effects on tumor starvation. This combination of respiratory suppression by PMS and starvation therapy by GOx has been found to be effective in both targeting tumors and inhibiting their growth. It is hoped that this strategy will shed light on the development of next-generation tumor starvation treatments.

Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are widely applied in the field of biomedicine. In this study, we constructed a nanoplatform of ZrO2 NPs coated with a platelet membrane (PLTm), named PLT@ZrO2. PLTm nanovesicles camouflage ZrO2 NPs, prevent nanoparticles from being cleared by macrophage, and target tumor sites. Compared to ZrO2 alone, PLT@ZrO2 is better at inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of Hela cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PLT@ZrO2 inhibited the growth and proliferation of Hela cells. Scratch-wound healing recovery assay demonstrated that PLT@ZrO2 inhibited Hela cells migration. Transwell migration and invasion assays showed that PLT@ZrO2 inhibited Hela cells migration and invasion. In vivo, PLT@ZrO2 inhibited the tumor growth of Xenograft mice and inhibited the lung and liver metastasis of Hela cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting results showed that anti-metastasis protein (E-cadherin) was upregulated and pro-metastasis proteins (N-cadherin, Smad4, Vimentin, E-cadherin,β-catenin, Fibronectin, Snail, Slug, MMP2, Smad2) were down-regulated. Our study indicated that PLT@ZrO2 significantly inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.

In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are garnering increasing attention given their role in tumor development. Herein, a nano‐enabled strategy is demonstrated for the eradication of tumor‐infiltrated MDSCs by reversing hypoxia. Oxygen‐independent photodynamic bismuth tungstate nanoparticles (Bi2WO6 NPs) are loaded into reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive platelet membranes (PMs) to form a hybrid (PM‐BiW NPs). P‐Selectin on PMs endows PM‐BiW NPs with selectivity toward cancer cells. Once in the tumor, laser illumination stimulates the Bi2WO6 NPs photothermally and photodynamically, which produces enormous quantities of hydroxyl radicals. These hydroxyl radicals help rupture the PM and mitigate hypoxia with the assistance of ionizing radiation. This effectively remodels the tumor microenvironment toward one disfavoring the recruitment of MDSCs and contributes to better prognosis. To better understand the mechanism, the expression levels of a set of markers are monitored. It is found that the downregulations of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2, and adenosine‐5‐phosphoricacid are behind the blocked infiltration of MDSCs. This platform strategy offers a promising approach to overcome the immunosuppression caused by MDSCs through a trimodal therapy integrating the power of photothermal and photodynamic therapy in addition to radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: platelet aggregation; platelet disorders; platelet genetic diseases; platelet membrane; thrombocytopenia Flow cytometry labelling was realized on platelet-rich plasma obtained after centrifugation for the control and after whole-blood sedimentation for the patient because of the platelets' size. Platelets' patient were negative for GpIX (C, right) like immunolabelling of GpIb/IX/V complex of patients' megakaryocytes (D, lower) whereas control platelets (C, left) and megakaryocytes (D, upper) were positive. gl Platelet aggregation, platelet disorders, platelet genetic diseases, platelet membrane, thrombocytopenia. [Extracted from the article]

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a widely recognized cardiovascular disease that significantly impacts the prognosis of patients undergoing myocardial infarction recanalization. This condition can be fatal and involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Early diagnosis of MIRI is crucial to minimize myocardial damage and reducing mortality. Based on the inherent relationship between platelets and MIRI, we developed biomimetic microbubbles coated with platelet membrane (MB-pla) for early identification of MIRI. The MB-pla were prepared through a recombination process involving platelet membrane obtained from rat whole blood and phospholipids, blended in appropriate proportions. By coating the microbubbles with platelet membrane, MB-pla acquired various adhesion molecules, thereby gaining the capability to selectively adhere to damaged endothelial cells in the context of MIRI. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MB-pla exhibited remarkable targeting characteristics, particularly toward type IV collagen and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that had been injured through hypoxia/reoxygenation procedures. In a rat model of MIRI, the signal intensity produced by MB-pla was notably higher than that of control microbubbles. These findings were consistent with results obtained from fluorescence imaging of isolated hearts and immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections. In conclusion, MB-pla has great potential as a non-invasive early detection method for MIRI. Furthermore, this approach can potentially find application in other conditions involving endothelial injury in the future. [Display omitted] • Successful preparation of biomimetic microbubbles (MB-pla). • MB-pla shows exceptional targeting of type IV collagen and damaged HUVECs in vitro. • MB-pla can facilitate the early detection of MIRI through ultrasound imaging. • MB-pla has good biosafety and holds great potential for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nanoparticles with good biocompatibility were synthesized and characterized. • Tail vein injections can successfully deliver PM@gene-NP complexes to scalded skin tissue. • PM@gene-NP complexes can effectively accelerate wound healing and may become a novel strategy for treating burns. The treatment of burn wounds, especially deep burn wounds, remains a major clinical challenge. Growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) show great potential in promoting the healing of damaged tissues. This study explored wound healing following targeted delivery of bFGF and VEGFA genes into deep burn wounds through a novel platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle (PM@gene-NP) complex delivery system. First, bFGF and VEGFA genes were inserted into plasmid (pEGFP-N1) vectors. Subsequently, the assembled plasmids were loaded onto nanoparticles to form gene-loaded nanoparticle complexes, which were then wrapped with extracted platelet membrane, fully simulating the characteristics of platelets, in order to actively target sites of inflammatory damage. After administration of PM@gene-NP complexes through the tail vein of rats, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate wound healing. The PM@gene-NP complexes effectively targeted the burn sites. After the administration of the PM@gene-NP complexes, the rats exhibited increased blood flow in the burn wounds, which also healed faster than control groups. Histological results showed fewer inflammatory cells in the burned skin tissue after treatment. After the wounds healed, the production of hair follicles, sebaceous glands and other skin accessories in the skin tissue increased. Our results showed that the PM@gene-NP complexes can effectively deliver gene therapy to the injured area, and this delivery system should be considered as a potential method for treating deep burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles (PMINs) is a novel drug delivery system that imitates the structure and functionality of platelet membranes. PMINs imitate surface markers of platelets to target specific cells and transport therapeutic cargo. PMINs are engineered by incorporating the drug into the platelet membrane and encapsulating it in a nanoparticle scaffold. This allows PMINs to circulate in the bloodstream and bind to target cells with high specificity, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. The engineering of PMINs entails several stages, including the separation and purification of platelet membranes, the integration of therapeutic cargo into the membrane, and the encapsulation of the membrane in a nanoparticle scaffold. In addition to being involved in a few pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, platelets are crucial to the body's physiological processes. This study includes the preparation and characterization of platelet membrane-like nanoparticles and focuses on their most recent advancements in targeted therapy for conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, atherosclerosis, phototherapy, etc. PMINs are a potential drug delivery system that combines the advantages of platelet membranes with nanoparticles. The capacity to create PMMNs with particular therapeutic cargo and surface markers provides new possibilities for targeted medication administration and might completely change the way that medicine is practiced. Despite the need for more studies to optimize the engineering process and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PMINs in clinical trials, this technology has a lot of potential., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Breast cancer is associated with high mortality due to tumor metastasis. The anti-metastasis efficacy of photochemotherapy is strictly limited by poor targeting capability with respect to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and lymph. Herein, we decorate the platelet membrane (PM) on a surface of nanoparticles (NPs), referred to as nanoplatelets. A chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and an FDA-approved photothermal agent, indocyanine green (ICG), are co-encapsulated into the biomimetic nanoplatelets. Nanoplatelets possess immune surveillance-escaping capability and specifically capture and clear CTCs in both blood and lymphatic circulations via high-affinity interactions between the P-Selectin of PM and CD44 receptors of tumor cells. PM-coated NPs show greater cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and further elicit higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells relative to uncoated NPs. In vivo, we disclose that the multifunctional nanoplatelets not only completely ablate the primary tumor but also inhibit breast cancer metastasis with high efficiency in the three established xenograft or orthotopic breast tumor-bearing mice models. We conclude that such biomimetic nanoplatelets represent a promising strategy of coating a surface of nanoparticles with platelet membrane to actively capture and destroy CTCs in blood and lymph in breast cancer anti-metastasis therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conceptual advance: comprehensive thrombolytic management. • Design advance: the first time uses two FDA-approved drugs. • Models advance: the carotid thrombosis model and black-tail model. • Treatment advance: targeted enhanced fibrinolysis and ROS scavenging. • Extensive common interests: high clinical translation potential. Thrombotic diseases cause significant risks of disability and death worldwide. However, conventional thrombolytic drugs have short half-lives, poor targeting capabilities, limited therapeutic effects， and narrow therapeutic windows. Moreover, most basic studies focus only on thrombolytic efficiency and ignore the inflammatory factors that promote thrombosis progression, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive and effective thrombolytic management, both targeted thrombolytic therapy and the elimination of inflammatory factors must be achieved. In this study, we developed a platelet membrane (PM)-functionalized hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanomedicine (HMPB-rtPA@PM), which was innovatively coassembled from two FDA-approved drugs (Prussian blue (PB) and alteplase (rtPA)) and showed marked advantages in both thrombi targeting and photothermal/pharmacological synergistic fibrinolysis. Moreover, HMPB-rtPA@PM exhibited the potential to inhibit platelet aggregation and regulate the inflammatory microenvironment by scavenging ROS. As expected, this nanomedicine not only achieved more efficient thrombolysis in both thrombus models but also delayed thrombosis progression through therapeutic visualization in the black tail model. Such rational therapeutic principle provides a broad platform for the comprehensive management of thrombotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the study that gene mutation is responsible for macrothrombocytopenia. Topics discussed include Introduction on Congenital macro thrombocytopenias characterized by decreased platelets count with enlarged platelet size; misdiagnoses of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and wrongly treated with splenectomy; and therapeutic use of immunoglobulin in the treatment..

The mechanistic modelling of blood clotting and fibrin-polymer mesh formation is of significant value for medical and biophysics applications. This paper presents a combination of two pointwise kinetic models represented by system of ODEs. One of them represents the reaction dynamics of clotting factors including the role of the platelet membranes. The second one describes the fibrin-polymer formation as a multistage polymerization process with a sol-gel transition at the final stage. Complex-value second order Rosenbrock method (CROS) is employed for the computational experiments. A sensitivity analysis method built into the computational scheme helps clarify non-evident dependencies in the exhaustive system of ODEs. The unified model was primarily verified using conditions of factor VII deficiency. The model, however requires a significant effort to be tested against experimental data available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is hindered by poor delivery efficiency to the diseased site and the serious side effects caused by wide-spread drug distribution. Traditional drug-targeting strategies, such as ligand modification, are complex, laborious, and inefficient. Inspired by the intrinsic relationship between platelets and RA, platelet-mimetic nanoparticles (PNPs) were developed for targeted drug delivery in RA. Through platelet receptor-mediated adhesion, an intact platelet membrane was coated onto poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, endowing the resulting PNPs with various functional receptors. By coating with platelet membranes, the nanoparticles were stabilized and had a better circulation profile, providing a benefit for passive targeting. In vitro binding of PNPs to inflamed endothelium, and in vivo accumulation in joints of a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA were significantly improved via P-selectin and GVPI recognition, indicating that the PNPs could effectively target to RA tissues through multiple mechanisms, similar to natural platelets. Moreover, FK506, a model drug, was loaded into the PNPs and used to treat RA. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that the FK506-PNPs had a notable anti-arthritic effect in CIA mice. This study provides a new biomimetic targeting strategy with great potential for the treatment of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract W 18 O 49 -mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are limited by the easily oxidized property and tumor hypoxia. Here, we report the development of platelet membranes as nanocarriers to co-load W 18 O 49 nanoparticles (NPs) and metformin (PM-W 18 O 49 -Met NPs). Platelet membranes can protect W 18 O 49 from oxidation and immune evasion, and increase the accumulation of W 18 O 49 in tumor sites via the passive EPR effect and active adhesion between platelets and cancer cells. The introduction of metformin (Met), a typical anti-diabetic drug, can alleviate the tumor hypoxia through reducing oxygen consumption. As a result, ROS and heat generation are both greatly increased, as revealed by ROS/hypoxia imaging in vitro , IR thermal imaging in vivo and PET imaging in vivo. PM-W 18 O 49 -Met NPs show the improved therapeutic effects with greatly inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, our work provides a novel strategy for simultaneous enhanced PDT and PTT, which is promising in bioapplication. Statemente of Significance W 18 O 49 -mediated photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are limited by the poor delivery of nanoparticles to tumors, the easily oxidized property, and tumor hypoxia environment, which will induce tumor treatment failure. Herein, we report the development of platelet membranes as nanocarriers to co-load W 18 O 49 nanoparticles and metformin (PM-W 18 O 49 -Met NPs). Platelet membranes can protect W 18 O 49 from oxidation and immune evasion, and increase the accumulation of W 18 O 49 in tumor sites via the passive EPR effect and active adhesion. Metformin can alleviate the tumor hypoxia through reducing oxygen consumption. Hence, ROS and heat generation are both greatly increased. PM-W 18 O 49 -Met NPs show the improved therapeutic effects with greatly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis. Therefore, our work provides a novel strategy in bioapplication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Research has been ongoing on achieving optimum bone healing in the reconstruction of bone loss. Clinically, soft tissue migration into the already existing bone defects is the leading cause of unfavourable bone healing. Platelet-rich fibrin, a recent material that is used to promote bone healing, was compared with single- and double-layered resorbable collagen membranes to determine whether a healing protocol which increases patient comfort is possible.Materials and methods: Sixty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into five main groups as a sacrification group, a control group, and three experimental groups. The bone defects experimental group 1 were covered with a single-layer collagen membrane, and experimental group 2 were covered with the double-layered collagen membrane. Defects on the experimental group 3 were covered with platelet-rich fibrin membranes which were derived from the sacrification group. The animals in the main groups were also divided into eight subgroups arranged by sacrification periods on day 7 and day 28.Results: Statistical analysis of our study revealed that new bone formation in experimental group 3 was significantly higher than in other groups. Fibrosis was found to be lower in experimental group 3 than in any other group. No significant differences were found between experimental group 1 and the control group.Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin, which can be used as an autologous membrane which promotes bone healing, yields better clinical result compared to collagen membranes.Clinical relevance: Histopathologic evaluation has been carried out regarding the effect of platelet-rich fibrin and collagen membranes applied on bone recovery. Our objective is to contribute to barrier membrane studies that continue to guide and accelerate bone recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The postoperative thrombus attached to the damaged blood vessels severely obstructs drugs from crossing the damaged blood–brain barrier (BBB) and targeting residual glioma cells around surgical margins, leading to glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. A thrombus-bypassing, BBB-crossing, and surgical margin-targeted nanodrug is needed to address this phenomenon. Encouraged by the intrinsic damaged vascular endothelium chemotaxis of platelets, a platelet membrane-coated nanodrug (PM-HDOX) delivering doxorubicin (DOX) for postoperative GBM treatment is proposed and systematically investigated. Because surgery damages the vascular endothelium on the BBB around the surgical margin, the platelet membrane coating endows PM-HDOX with its inherent capacity to cross the broken BBB and target the surgical margin. Moreover, preoperative administration combined with fast-targeted PM-HDOX can realize the potential of bypassing thrombus. In GBM resection models, PM-HDOX with preoperative administration demonstrated significantly enhanced BBB-crossing and surgical margin-targeted efficacy. In particular, the PM-HDOX intensities around the surgical margins of the preoperative administration group were more than twice that of the postoperative administration group due to bypassing the thrombus formed in the broken BBB. In the antitumor experiment, the preoperative administration of PM-HDOX significantly inhibited the growth of postoperative residual tumors and prolonged the median survival time of mice. In conclusion, preoperative administration of a biomimetic platelet nanodrug can be an efficient and promising drug delivery strategy for residual GBM after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic nanocomposites are widely used in the biomedical field because they can effectively solve the problems existing in the current cancer treatment by realizing multi-mode collaborative treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized a multifunctional therapeutic platform (PB/PM/HRP/Apt) with unique working mechanism and good tumor treatment effect. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBs) with good photothermal conversion efficiency were used as nuclei and coated with platelet membrane (PM). The ability of platelets (PLTs) to specifically target cancer cells and inflammatory sites can effectively enhance PB accumulation at tumor sites. The surface of the synthesized nanocomposites was modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to enhance the deep penetration of the nanocomposites in cancer cells. In addition, PD-L1 aptamer and 4T1 cell aptamer AS1411 were modified on the nanocomposite to achieve immunotherapy and enhance targeting. The particle size, UV absorption spectrum and Zeta potential of the biomimetic nanocomposite were determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and nano-particle size meter, and the successful preparation was proved. In addition, the biomimetic nanocomposites were proved to have good photothermal properties by infrared thermography. The cytotoxicity test showed that it had a good killing ability of cancer cells. Finally, thermal imaging, tumor volume detection, immune factor detection and Haematoxilin-Eosin (HE) staining of mice showed that the biomimetic nanocomposites had good anti-tumor effect and could trigger immune response in vivo. Therefore, this biomimetic nanoplatform as a promising therapeutic strategy provides new inspiration for the current diagnosis and treatment of cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Li, Li, Li, Zhang, Li, Liu, Lun and Guo.)