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Abstract [Objective] In order to explore the effects of phenolic acid self-toxic substances on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn. and P .dolabratum Maxim., and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection, development, and utilization of wild resources of P . cornutum and P .dolabratum . [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted with P . cornutum and P .dolabratum seedlings. The experiment focused on two self-toxic substances, cinnamic acid and phthalic acid, and the seedlings were treated with varying concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L. The aim was to observe the effects of these concentrations on seedling growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and gas exchange parameters. [Results] (1) Cinnamic acid and phthalic acid promoted seedling growth of P . cornatum at low concentrations and inhibited seedling growth at high concentrations. The growth of P . dolabratum was inhibited. 10 mmol/L cinnamic acid and phthalic acid treatment had the most significant growth inhibition effect on Pugionium Gaertn. (2) Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a+b content of these two species were decreased in different degrees after treatment with different concentrations of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid. (3) Pn, Tr, and Gs of these two species at 10 mmol/L were significantly lower than that of the control, while Ci had no significant change. The main cause for the reduction of photosynthetic rate was non-stomatal factors. (4) Fv/Fm, ФPSⅡ , and qP of these two species at 10 mmol/L were significantly lower than that of the control and NPQ was significantly higher than control. [Conclusion] The high concentrations of phthalic acid and cinnamic acid inhibited photosynthesis and reduced photosynthetic rate in seedlings, resulting in the impairment of PSⅡ reaction center activity and opening in leaves of these two species, which affected the growth of Pugionium Gaertn.. In addition, the effects of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid on photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn. were different, due to different plant and stress types.

Six novel lanthanide complexes ([Nd2(L)(H2O)6]n·4.58n(H2O) (1), [Ln(H3L)(H2O)]n·0.5n(H2O), Ln = Sm (2), Eu (3), Gd (4), Tb (5), Eu0.18Gd0.62Tb0.20 (6)) have been hydrothermally synthesized based on the ligand 4,5-di(3,5-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid (H6L). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that complexes 1–6 are 2D structures, where 2–6 are isomorphic. Complexes 3 and 5 exhibit the characteristic fluorescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions respectively, while complex 4 shows blue-green light emission based on the ligand. In particular, the ternary Eu/Gd/Tb complex 6 shows white light emission with a CIE (Commission International del'Eclairage) chromaticity coordinate of (0.330, 0.339) and hence close to pure white light emission. Moreover, complexes 3 and 5 display specific fluorescence-enhanced detection performance for Pb2+ ions: The interaction between Pb2+ ions and the ligand enhances the charge transfer efficiency between the ligand and the Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions and thus leads to fluorescence enhancement of complexes 3 and 5. More importantly, complex 3 exhibits the lowest detection limit of 4.72 nM for Pb2+ ions among the existing complex fluorescent probes. In addition, both complexes 3 and 5 show good performance for recycling and for the detection of Pb2+ in real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzene derivatives in wastewater have negative impacts on ecosystems and human health, making their removal prior to discharge imperative. In this study, Fe3O4@AC–NH2@Cu–opa (AC–NH2 = aminoclay, Cu–opa = [Cu(opa)(bipy)0.5(H2O)]n (H2opa = 3-(4-oxypyridinium-1-yl) phthalic acid)) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized as adsorbent and catalyst for phenolic compound removal from wastewater. Fe3O4@AC–NH2@Cu–opa NPs demonstrated outstanding performance in the adsorption of phenol, exhibiting a remarkable adsorption capacity of up to 166.39 mg g−1 according to the Langmuir model. The composite also exhibited higher Fenton activity toward the degradation of electron-rich organic phenolic pollutants, with a rate approximately 3.4 times higher than that of Fe3O4 alone. The high catalytic activity of the composite was attributed to the large surface area and abundant active sites of the 2D charge-separated Cu–MOF. Meanwhile, the superparamagnetism of the Fe3O4 core enabled magnetic recollection and reuse without any significant loss of activity. Therefore, use of Fe3O4@AC–NH2@Cu–opa/H2O2 shows potential in an efficient method for the removal of phenolic compounds from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prickly pear is well adapted to arid and semi-arid areas. It occupies an important part in the human diet and it is also used as fodder for livestock. It is an interesting plant due to the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to extreme climatic conditions. The objectives of our study were to determine the biological effects of oil extracted from prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.). Methods: The organoleptic characteristics and the physicochemical parameters of this oil were done. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the oil were tested in vitro against certain numbers of pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the aromatogram method. The antioxydante activity and the GC-MS analysis were proceeded also in this study. Result: The results show that the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis are the most sensitive to the acid oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. with an inhibition diameter varying between 23 mm and 25 mm, respectively. On the other hand, prickly pear seed oil exhibits an antifungal effect mainly against Candida albicans (25 mm). The oil extracted was strongest active (IC50 = 0.55 μg/ml). This indicates that our oil exhibited high reducing activity. 18 components were found in prickly pear seeds oil after analysis by GC-MS, which are presented mainly by phthalic acid (45.04%), monounsaturated fatty acid (18.56%), polyunsaturated fatty acid (16.69%) and other components (19.71%). The oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. seeds showed good biological activity grace to its richness in components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) based on a tricarboxylic acid ligand (H3L = biphenyl-2,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid), namely [Cd3(L)2(H2O)4] (1), had been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Fluorescence studies showed that 1 has high quenching efficiency for testing acetone and Fe3+ ions in aqueous systems. Therefore, it can be used as a new type of fluorescence probe to detect solvent molecules and metal ions in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diacetylenedisalicylic acid is a new rigid linker molecule, capable of forming strong chelate bonds with metal cations. Its monosubstituted salts with dimethylamine and sodium form 1D and 2D coordination polymers, whose structures were solved from single crystals, along with the dimethyl ester of diacetylenedisalicylic acid. The structure of the dimethyl ester is characterized by a dense co‐facial π‐stacking of molecules with a dominance of van der Waals interactions between the stacks. The angle between the stack direction and the butadiyne groups does not meet the Enkelmann criterion for polymerization in a crystal. In contrast to the dimethyl ester, both salts have a rigid framework with channels filled with disordered solvent molecules. Photoluminescence spectra of the acid and its dimethyl ester have been studied. Thermal analysis of the acid confirms its high thermal stability to 286°C. The acid and its dimethyl ester are prone to polymerization on further heating followed by 50–52% mass loss, forming an amorphous carbon residue at 1000°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used as plasticizer that has potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and endocrine effects. In the present study, an efficient DBP-degrading bacterial strain 0426 was isolated and identified as a Glutamicibacter sp. strain 0426. It can utilize DBP as the sole source of carbon and energy and completely degraded 300 mg/L of DBP within 12 h. The optimal conditions (pH 6.9 and 31.7 °C) for DBP degradation were determined by response surface methodology and DBP degradation well fitted with the first-order kinetics. Bioaugmentation of contaminated soil with strain 0426 enhanced DBP (1 mg/g soil) degradation, indicating the application potential of strain 0426 for environment DBP removal. Strain 0426 harbors a distinctive DBP hydrolysis mechanism with two parallel benzoate metabolic pathways, which may account for the remarkable performance of DBP degradation. Sequences alignment has shown that an alpha/beta fold hydrolase (WP_083586847.1) contained a conserved catalytic triad and pentapeptide motif (GX1SX2G), of which function is similar to phthalic acid ester (PAEs) hydrolases and lipases that can efficiently catalyze hydrolysis of water-insoluble substrates. Furthermore, phthalic acid was converted to benzoate by decarboxylation, which entered into two different pathways: one is the protocatechuic acid pathway under the role of pca cluster, and the other is the catechol pathway. This study demonstrates a novel DBP degradation pathway, which broadens our understanding of the mechanisms of PAE biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyimide covalent organic frameworks (PI-COFs) are outstanding functional materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage owing to their integrated advantages of the high electroactive feature of polyimides and the periodic porous structure of COFs. Nevertheless, only anhydride monomers with C2 symmetry are generally used, and limited selectivity of electron-deficient monomers has become a major obstacle in the development of materials. The introduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a very effective method to regulate the structure–activity relationship of PI-COFs due to their excellent stability and electrical properties. Over the past two years, various star-shaped electron-deficient PAH building blocks possessing different compositions and topologies have been successfully fabricated, greatly improving the monomer selectivity and electrochemical performances of PI-COFs. This paper systematically summarizes the recent highlights in PI-COFs based on these building blocks. Firstly, the preparation of anhydride (or phthalic acid) monomers and PI-COFs related to different star-shaped PAHs is presented. Secondly, the applications of these PI-COFs in energy conversion and storage and the corresponding factors influencing their performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the future development of this meaningful field is briefly proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal decomposition of (XMebpyH)3(H3O)[W(CN)8]·3H2O (where XMebpy denotes 4Mebpy 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine or 5Mebpy 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) in glycerol results in the coordination of XMebpy. Salts of the anion formula [W(CN)6(XMebpy)]2− were isolated for PPh4+ and/or AsPh4+ cations as well as for K+, Rb+, and Cs+ ones. X-ray single-crystal analyses for tetraphenyl-phosphonium and tetraphenyl-arsonium cations are described. IR, UV-Vis, and cyclic voltammetry data are presented. The results were compared with those for [W(CN)6(bpy)]2− (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) ion salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ayurveda, Barleria cuspidata F. Heyne ex Nees" known as Bajradanti is the foremost and most valuable species in the genus which is used to heal the maceration of feet, stomachache, toothache, mouth sores, teeth problems. This study explored the GCMS analysis, in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant properties using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays, cytotoxicity profi le, cell viability by MTT assay, and the anti-tumor eff ect of B.cuspidata Methanol Leaf (BCML) extract, on human oral carcinoma (KB) cell lines. The chemical composition of BCML extract showed 36 bioactive compounds and the major bioactive compound identifi ed was Phthalic acid with a peak area of 29.88% and retention time of 20.34. The methanol leaf extract exhibited a relative scavenging activity compared to the standard ascorbic acid (AA) and gallic acid (GA) with the IC50 values of 41.6±1.167μg/ml, 38.0±0.142μg/ ml, and 41.8±1.184 μg/ml DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay respectively. MTT results indicated that BCML signifi cantly reduced oral KB cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The fl ow cytometry results of BCML after the Annexin V/ FITC and PI staining showed a decrease in the expression of cell cycle regulatory factors and an increase in S phase cell counts. This proved BCML could be a reasonable candidate to suppress the oral KB cell lines by modifying the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis which could be due to the presence of abundant secondary metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical method for the determination of Flubendiamide (FBD) was investigated for the first time in this study using disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGE). A detailed study of the electrochemical properties of FBD was carried out in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The results showed a well-defined reversible system result from the transformation of FBD to the corresponding hydroxyl-derivative. The results showed a linear range from 1 to 500 µM (R2 = 0. 9952), as well as detection limit of 0.53 µM. The PGE sensor was successfully applied for the detection of FBD in wastewater and white rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbituric acids are a useful tool for the construction of various supramolecular compounds with intriguing physicochemical properties. Also, barbiturates play a significant role in biology and medicine. The same is true for imidazole derivatives. Herein, three novel salts of barbituric (H2BA) and 2-thiobarbituric (H2TBA) acids with imidazole (Im), namely imidazolium barbiturate in two polymorphic modifications, HIm(HBA) (1) (pale yellow) and (2) (pale orange), and imidazolium 2-thiobarbiturate, HIm(HTBA) (3), were synthesized and characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Crystal structure analysis revealed that the compounds feature three different supramolecular architectures with the formula unit count (Z′) varying from 1 for 3 to 4 for 1, which is governed by an unusual geometry of hydrogen bonding motifs. Intermolecular interactions in crystals 1–3 were analyzed using 2D-fingerprint plots derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces. According to the TG-DSC analysis, compounds 1–3 were thermally stable up to ∼100 °C in air. The solubility studies (solubility product constants and solubility at a fixed pH value were determined) showed that salts 2 and 3 were more soluble in water than H2(T)BA. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reports on the phenomenon of polymorphism among organic salts with barbiturate moieties. Thus, the present findings broaden our understanding of the supramolecular organization of barbiturates, complement the systematic studies of the correlation between their crystal structure and physicochemical properties and lay the foundation for the further development of novel materials based on imidazolium (2-thio)barbiturates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using one‐step hydrothermal synthesis, a novel metal‐organic complex containing Co(II), the azo‐amide‐pyridyl ligand (E)‐4,4′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(N‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamide (DABA) and benzenetricarboxylate was synthesized, with a molecular formula of [Co2(DABA)0.5(MTC)(μ3‐OH)(H2O)2] ⋅ 2H2O (namely 1, DABA=(E)‐4,4′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(N‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamide, H3MTC=1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) which was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, PXRD, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and XPS. In the structure of complex 1, tetranuclear Co(II) clusters were connected by MTC to form a 2D bilayer structure and further constructed a 3D structure with DABA ligand. Complex 1 was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, and the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol reached 98.6 % and the selectivity of benzoic acid reached 94.8 %. In addition, complex 1 can be reused 5 times without significant loss of activity. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol with different substituents also showed satisfactory conversion and selectivity, indicating that complex 1 had good catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a poly (ionic liquid) functionalised silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesised for the first time and utilised as a novel adsorbent for the simultaneous extraction of six phthalic acid esters from polyethylene terephthalate bottled drinking water samples. The adsorbent was prepared by grafting poly (1-benzyl-3-vinyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium chloride) onto silica-coated Fe3O4nanoparticles via Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation method. Various techniques were used to characterise the synthesised nanomaterials. A qualitative analysis was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple–quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimise the extraction procedure and the optimised condition for each factor was; pH of3.9, 22 mg of adsorbent, 3.5 min extraction time, 3 min desorption time, 340 µL of elution solvent (methanol).The results of the validation of the method indicated its acceptable accuracy (88.6-100.1%), good linearity (r > 0.995), satisfactory repeatabilities (RSDs ≤ 6% for intra- and inter–day precisions) and high enrichment factors (535–572). The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the proposed method achieved were 1.1-4.6 ngL–1and 3.6-15.3 ngL–1, respectively. In this study, six common PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n–octyl phthalate, were found in PET bottled water within the range of 0.21-0.94 μgL–1, under different storage conditions. Nevertheless, only a negligible risk is caused by the PAEs in PET bottled water for consumers following the recommendations, such as storing at a common place (25°C), in a short period away from the sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptomyces sp. VITGV38 (MCC8469) was obtained from the VIT University Microbiology Laboratory where it was isolated from tomato plants. This strain was mass-cultured for 15 days and its extracellular metabolites were extracted in ethyl acetate using a liquid--liquid extraction method. The antibacterial test was performed on the ethyl acetate crude extract against selected urinary tract pathogens, Proteus mirabilis (MTCC-442), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-109), and Escherichia coli (MTCC-1687), The extract developed a clear inhibition zone that measured between 17--21 mm. The minimum inhibition concentration was observed from a concentration of 25 μg/ml against all selected uropathogens. GC-MS analysis revealed 35 diverse compounds in the ethyl acetate crude extract, which includes 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, octadecanoic acid dodecyl ester, and dodecane. These six compounds are the major antimicrobial compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract. VITGV38 showed greyish aerial mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed elliptical spores with a chain-like smooth orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research investigates the escalating consumption of take-out food in India and the associated health risks stemming from the extensive use of plastic packaging. Through a comprehensive nationwide online survey, the study delved into dietary preferences, frequency of take-out food consumption, delivery service timing, and the types of packaging commonly encountered by Indian consumers. To address these concerns, the research team developed an analytical method to detect Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalic acid migration from food-contact materials (FCMs) into various food simulants. The investigation revealed that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures led to increased migration of BPA and Phthalic acid, particularly in polyethylene pouches using 3% acetic acid as a food simulant, with the highest concentrations observed after 45 minutes of exposure. Additionally, a microbial bioassay demonstrated the mutagenic potential of migrated plasticizers, showcasing significant effects in mammalian systems, particularly under metabolic activation. The study underscores the substantial health risks associated with plastic packaging in take-out food, emphasizing potential implications for consumer health and calling for more extensive research and considerations regarding food packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two 3D Zn(II) and Cd(II) coordination polymers, [Zn2(µ4-dppa)(µ-dpe)(µ-H2O)]n·nH2O (1) and [Cd2(µ8-dppa)(µ-dpe)(H2O)]n (2), have been constructed hydrothermally using 4-(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid (H4dppa), 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpe), and zinc or cadmium chlorides. Both compounds feature 3D network structures. Their structure and topology, thermal stability, catalytic, and anti-wear properties were investigated. Particularly, excellent catalytic performance was displayed by zinc(II)-polymer 1 in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, cometabolic degradation is an extensive method for the biological removal of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) in the marine environment. However, due to the refractory to degradation and high toxicity, there are few studies on pyrene (PYR) cometabolic degradation with phenanthrene (PHE) as substrate. In this study, a Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP1 strain isolated from sediments was used in the cometabolic system of PHE and PYR. The biomass and the activity of key enzymes such as dehydrogenase and catechol 12 dioxygenase of strain were improved, but the enhancement of biotoxicity resulted in the inhibition of cometabolism simultaneously. Seven metabolites were identified respectively in PYR, PHE degradation cultures. It was speculated that the cometabolism of PHE and PYR had a common phthalic acid pathway, and the degradation pathway of PHE was included in the downstream pathway of PYR. The functional genes such as PhdF, NidD and CatA involved in DJP1 degradation were revealed by Genome analysis. This study provides a reference for the biodegradation of PYR and PHE in real marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPrenatal phthalate exposure has been linked to reductions in fetal growth in animal and laboratory studies, but epidemiologic evidence is equivocal.ObjectiveExamine the association between prenatal phthalate metabolite mixtures and fetal growth and evaluate whether that association is modified by fetal sex or omega-3 intake during pregnancy.MethodsAnalyses included 604 singleton pregnancies from TIDES, a prospective pregnancy cohort with spot urine samples and questionnaires collected in each trimester. Pregnancy-averaged phthalate exposure estimates were calculated as the geometric means of specific-gravity corrected phthalate metabolites. Fetal growth outcomes included birthweight and length, and ultrasound-derived size and velocity of estimated fetal weight, femur length, abdominal and head circumferences in the second and third trimesters. We used a novel application of quantile g-computation to estimate the joint association between pregnancy-averaged phthalate exposure and fetal growth, and to examine effect modification of that association by infant sex or omega-3 intake during pregnancy.ResultsThere were few statistically significant differences in birth size and fetal growth by exposure. A one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was modestly associated with reduced birthweight(β [95% confidence interval)]: -54.6 [-128.9, 19.7] grams; p = 0.15) and length (-0.2 [-0.6, 0.2] centimeters; p = 0.40). A one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was associated with reduced birth length in males (-0.5 [-1.0, 0.0] centimeters) but not for females (0.1 [-0.2, 0.3] centimeters); interaction p = 0.05. The phthalate metabolite mixture was inversely associated with ultrasound-derived fetal growth among those with adequate omega-3 intake. For example, a one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was associated with reduced abdominal circumference in the third trimesters in those with adequate omega-3 intake (-3.3 [-6.8, 0.1] millimeters) but not those with inadequate omega-3 intake (1.8 [-0.8, 4.5] millimeters); interaction p = 0.01.ConclusionPrenatal phthalate exposure was not significantly associated with fetal growth outcomes, with some exceptions for certain subgroups.

This work presents the studies of a very strong hydrogen bond (VSHB) in biologically active phthalic acids. Research on VSHB comes topical due to its participation in many biological processes. The studies cover the modelling of intermolecular interactions and phthalic acids with 2,4,6-collidine and N,N-dimethyl-4-pyridinamine complexes with aim to obtain a VSHB. The four synthesized complexes were studied by experimental X-ray, IR, and Raman methods, as well as theoretical Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CP-MD) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations. By variation of the steric repulsion and basicity of the complex’ components, a very short intramolecular hydrogen bond was achieved. The potential energy curves calculated by the DFT method were characterized by a low barrier (0.7 and 0.9 kcal/mol) on proton transfer in the OHN intermolecular hydrogen bond for 3-nitrophthalic acid with either 2,4,6-collidine or N,N-dimethyl-4-pyridinamine cocrystals. Moreover, the CP-MD simulations exposed very strong bridging proton dynamics in the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The accomplished crystallographic and spectroscopic studies indicate that the OHO intramolecular hydrogen bond in 4-nitrophthalic cocrystals is VSHB. The influence of a strong steric effect on the geometry of the studied cocrystals and the stretching vibration bands of the carboxyl and carboxylate groups was elaborated.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common xenobiotics that are detrimental to the environment and human health. Bacterial endophytes, having the capacity to degrade PAHs, and plant growth promotion (PGP) may facilitate their biodegradation. In this study, phenanthrene (PHE) utilization of a newly isolated PGP endophytic strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 23aP and factors affecting the process were evaluated. The data obtained showed that strain 23aP utilized PHE in a wide range of concentrations (6–100 ppm). Ethyl-acetate-extractable metabolites obtained from the PHE-enriched cultures were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The analysis identified phthalic acid, 3-(1-naphthyl)allyl alcohol, 2-hydroxybenzalpyruvic acid, α-naphthol, and 2-phenylbenzaldehyde, and allowed us to propose that the PHE degradation pathway of strain 23aP is initiated at the 1,2-, 3,4-carbon positions, while the 9,10-C pathway starts with non-enzymatic oxidation and is continued by the downstream phthalic pathway. Moreover, the production of the biosurfactants, mono- (Rha-C8-C8, Rha-C10-C8:1, Rha-C12:2-C10, and Rha-C12:1-C12:1) and dirhamnolipids (Rha-Rha-C8-C10), was confirmed using direct injection–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) technique. Changes in the bacterial surface cell properties in the presence of PHE of increased hydrophobicity were assessed with the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) assay. Altogether, this suggests the strain 23aP might be used in bioaugmentation—a biological method supporting the removal of pollutants from contaminated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three novel binuclear, distinctly defined, air-stable cobalt(II) complexes, denoted by the formulas [Co(H2L1)]2(1), [Co(H2L2)]2(2) and [Co(H2L3)]2(3), are reported. Binuclear cobalt(II) complexes (1–3) namely bis-[3,3′-bis[(2,6-dimethyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-[1,1′]-biphenyl-2,2′-dioxo cobalt(II)] (1), bis-[3,3′-bis[(2,6-di-i-sopropylphenyl)imino)methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dioxodicobalt(II)] (2) and bis-[3,3′-bis[(2,6-diethyl-phenylimino)-ethyl]-[1,1′]-biphenyl-2,2′-dioxo cobalt(II)] (3) were synthesised and isolated for the first time. Several techniques, including mass spectrometry, UV-visible spectra, FT-IR spectra, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, were used to ascertain the structural properties of the binuclear cobalt(II) complexes. All these binuclear cobalt(II) [Co(H2L1)]2, [Co(H2L2)]2 and [Co(H2L3)]2 complexes (1–3) demonstrated excellent catalytic activity for the acceptor-less dehydrogenation (AD) reaction of primary alcohols to create the corresponding aldehydes and molecular hydrogen (H2). Multiple alcohols, including those that are electron-rich/electron-poor primary alcohols, have been successfully converted into the corresponding aldehydes using catalytic acceptor-less dehydrogenation (CAD), which only produces molecular hydrogen as a byproduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two CdII-based coordination polymers, namely [Cd4(HL)2(H2O)5]n (1), and {[Cd2(HL)(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)]·6H2O}n (2) (2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been designed and synthesized using 2,3-bis(3,5-dicarboxylphenxoy)benzoic acid (H5L). Coordination polymer 1 displays a layer structure, which was connected through C–H‧‧‧π interactions into 3D supramolecular network, while coordination polymer 2 shows a three-dimensional framework structure. In addition, the excellent fluorescence performance make them potential luminescent sensors for antibiotics. The results show that coordination polymer 1 exhibits high sensitivity for detecting of sulfadiazine (SDZ), while coordination polymer 2 can selectively detect nitrofurantoin (NFT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular moderate physical exercise is beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Our prior study has demonstrated a long-term moderate exercise (4-week of 60-min 74.0% V̇O2max treadmill running) is optimal in protecting from exhaustive exercise-induced cardiac ischemic injury. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolome in rats. Thirteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control group (C) and the long-term moderate exercise group (E). The targeted metabolomics of the myocardium was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) system. Results showed that the metabolites categories of bile acids (BAs), fatty acids (FAs), and phenylpropanoic acids were significantly decreased. The biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs pathway was significantly downregulated. The altered metabolites in the E Group included decreased FAs (pentadecanoic acid, 10Z-heptadecenoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and 10Z-nonadecenoic acid), decreased BAs (chenodeoxycholic acid and beta-muricholic acid), decreased organic acids (glycolic acid and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid), decreased carbohydrate (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac), decreased amino acids (α-aminobutyric acid and norvaline), decreased phenylpropanoic acids (hydroxyphenyllactic acid), and benzoic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and phthalic acid). The results indicated that long-term moderate exercise has promoted lipids utilization in myocardium while exerted little influence on carbohydrate metabolism and diminished many detrimental metabolites. Notably, decrease of myocardial carbohydrate Neu5Ac after long-term moderate exercise might predict a prospective metabolomics biomarker for cardioprotection. This research has displayed the effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolomic profiling in rats and indicated some promising metabolites which can be applied for exercise benefits in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Continuous cropping obstacle seriously affects the quality and yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the synergistic effect of root exudates and rhizosphere pathogenic microorganisms may be an important cause of continuous cropping obstacle. This study aimed to explore the effects of representative organic acids on the growth and metabolism of specific microorganisms in the S. miltiorrhiza rhizosphere soil under continuous cropping, and clarify its mechanism. Methods: The effect of phthalic acid (PA) on the growth and metabolism of Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated by mycelial growth inhibition method. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differential metabolites of R. solani induced by exogenous PA. Results: PA exerted a concentration-dependent effect on mycelial growth, biomass, intracellular polysaccharides con-tent, and total protein content in R. solani. A total of 1773 metabolites and 1040 differential metabolites were identified in the blank medium (CK), Fungi (CK + fungi), and PA-Fungi (CK + fungi + acid) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in the sugar, lipid, and protein metabolic pathways related to stable membrane structure and cell growth. Discussion: The proliferation and metabolism network of R. solani induced by PA was proposed, and the enhancement of sugar, lipid, and amino acid metabolism was presumed to be related to the active resistance of cells to organic acid stress. These results offer new in-sights into the effects of PA metabolism on promoting R. solani proliferation, and provide theoretical support for further optimizing the rhizosphere microecological environment of Salvia miltiorrhiza continuous cropping soil and reducing continuous cropping obstacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic acids are ubiquitous in seawater and can be transported to the atmosphere via sea spray aerosol (SSA). Despite their importance in affecting the global radiative balance, the contribution of marine aromatic acids and their transport mechanisms through SSA remain unclear. Herein, the distribution of particle size and number concentration of SSA produced in seawater containing nine different aromatic acids (i.e., benzoic acids, benzenedicarboxylic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) was studied using a custom-made SSA simulation chamber; moreover, enrichment of aromatic acids in SSA and their emission flux to the atmosphere were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly revealed that aromatic acids can be transferred to the nascent SSA. Interestingly, the morphology associated with benzene dicarboxylic acids-coated particles showed that aromatic acids can promote the growth of other surfaces of sea salt, thus making the sea salt core spherical. Aromatic acids showed a significant enrichment behavior at the air-sea interface, which clearly indicated that SSA represent a source of aromatic acids in the atmosphere. Vanillic acid had the largest global emission flux through SSA (962 tons yr−1), even though its concentration in seawater was lower. The calculated results indicated that the global annual flux of aromatic acids was not only affected by the concentration in seawater, but also by their enrichment factor (EF). These data are critical for further quantifying the contribution of organic acids to the atmosphere via SSA, which may provide an estimate of the potential influence of the atmospheric feedbacks to the ocean carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Isolation of phthalate esters (PAEs) degrading bacteria from a solid waste dumpsite could degrade many plasticizers efficiently and to investigate their degrading kinetics, pathways, and genes. Methods and results: Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence the strains were identified as Dietzia kunjamensis IITR165 and Brucella intermedia IITR166, which showed a first-order degradation kinetic model under lab conditions. The quantification of phthalates and their intermediate metabolites identification were done by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and gas chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. Both the bacteria utilized >99% dibutyl phthalate at a high concentration of 100-400 mg L−1 within 192 h as monitored by UHPLC. GC-MS/MS revealed the presence of metabolites dimethyl phthalate (DMP), phthalic acid (PA), and benzoic acid (BA) during DBP degradation by IITR165 while monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and PA were identified in IITR166. Phthalate esters degrading gene cluster in IITR165 comprised two novel genes coding for carboxylesterase (dkca1) and mono-alkyl phthalate hydrolase (maph), having only 37.47% and 47.74% homology, respectively, with reported phthalate degradation genes, along with the terephthalate dioxygenase system (tphA1, A2, A3, and B). However, IITR166 harbored different gene clusters comprising di-alkyl phthalate hydrolase (dph_bi), and phthalate dioxygenase (ophA, B, and C) genes. Conclusions: Two novel bacterial strains, Dietzia kunjamensis IITR165 and Brucella intermedia IITR166, were isolated and found to efficiently degrade DBP at high concentrations. The degradation followed first-order kinetics, and both strains exhibited a removal efficiency of over 99%. Metabolite analysis revealed that both bacteria utilized de-methylation, de-esterification, and decarboxylation steps during degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxus L. is accepted in the literature as natural resources of biologically active compounds and volatile oils, with applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and with ecological impact on the natural living environment. In this context, the present work aims to analyze by GS/MS techniques the chemical composition of volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves harvested from spontaneous and cultivated female individuals of Taxus (dried and fresh plant material) and to spectrophotometrically evaluate the hydrosols resulting from their hydrodistillation. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the volatile oil obtained from the spontaneous taxon Taxus baccata L. were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (33.03% fresh leaves; 20.09% dried leaves); ar-abietatriene (14.98% dried leaves; 3.03% fresh leaves); phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester (10.51% dried leaves); salicylic acid, benzyl ester (8.11% dried leaves). In the cultivated taxon Taxus baccata the compounds identified with the highest concentrations were 1-octen-3-ol (25.61% fresh leaves); phytol (12.50% dry leaves); geranyl acetone (11.90% dry leaves); manoyl oxide (11.85% dry leaves; 10.86% fresh leaves); 1,9-decadence (7.92% fresh leaves). The compounds with the highest concentrations in the oil extracted from the leaves of Taxus baccata 'Robusta' were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (17.81% fresh leaves); pentacosane (11.28% dry leaves); heptacosane (11.27% fresh leaves); tetracosane (11.13% dry leaves); tricosane (8.45% fresh leaves). The chemical composition of volatile oils from yew is influenced by many exogenous factors such as soil, light, and endogenous factors such as age, DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new products, [Cu2(μ3-dppa)(2,2′-bipy)2(H2O)]n·2nH2O (1), [Co4(μ4-dppa)2(phen)4(H2O)4]·2H2O (2), and [Co2(μ6-dppa)(μ-4,4′-bipy)(H2O)2]n·3nH2O (3) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method from Cu(II) and Co(II) metal(II) chlorides, 3-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid (H4dppa), and different auxiliary ligands, namely 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy),1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy). Products 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, TGA, PXRD, SEM, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 features a 1D chain of the 2C1 topological type. Compound 2 shows a discrete tetrameric complex. Product 3 demonstrates a 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) with the new topology. Their structure and topology, thermal stability, and catalytic activity were studied. In particular, excellent catalytic activity was demonstrated for copper(II)-polymer 1 in the cyanosilylation reaction at 35 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenanthrene (PHE) is a hazardous low molecular weight PAH and widespread ecological contaminant. In the present study, the Illumina Miseq platform explored the bacterial diversity of the efficient PHE degrading consortium NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, developed from the petrochemical contaminated soil near the Indian Oil Corporation Limited refinery, Panipat (India). Total 273 OTUs represented the species diversity identified in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Nineteen major bacterial species covered approximately 99.22% of the total a-diversity of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. In NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, the Shannon alpha diversity (H') and Pielou's Evenness Index (J') were calculated at 2.43 and 0.43, respectively. Moreover, an overwhelming population of phylum Proteobacteria (99.28%) and Pseudomonas spp. (32.25%) were observed in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Two culturable isolates, PAH 51 and PAH 52, were isolated from the NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, and the result of 16S rRNA analysis showed homology with Bacillus wiedmannii (96.7%) and Achromobacter pulmonis (99.24%), respectively. The results of the carbohydrate utilization test showed that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 was able to metabolize dextrose, L-arabinose, ONPG, esculin, citrate, and malonate. Detection of phthalic acid metabolite by the GCMS analysis inferred that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 bio-degraded the PHE through the protocatechuic acid pathway. During the seven-day biodegradation experiment at the optimized physicochemical conditions, NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 degraded 62%, 70%, 90% PHE after the third, fifth, and seventh day, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two convenient alternatives for the synthesis of metal(II) 2,9,16,23-tetranitrophthalocyanines (TNPc) were applied in the synthesis of the novel Strontium(II)TNPc and its Zinc(II)TNPc, Copper(II)TNPc and Cobalt(II)TNPc analogues. The thermal activation required for the tetramerization of the phthalic acid derivatives used as substrates (4-nitrophthalimide or 4-nitrophthalodinitrile) was provided by convective heating in solution or solvent free conditions. The optical properties of the synthesized metal(II)TNPc were compared by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. In solution, the novel Sr(II)TNPc was characterized by absorption bands with maxima situated around 690 nm (similar to Cu(II)TNPc), while its fluorescence emission maxima lays close to Zn(II)TNPc (710 nm), with a three times longer fluorescence emission life time in solid state (3.04 ns). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional metal‐organic frameworks (2D MOFs) with more exposed active sites and stable structures are auspicious electrode materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In the current work, ultrasonic treatment was used to prepare two‐dimensional CoNi‐BDC ultrathin nanosheets (N‐CoNi‐BDC) by coordinating Ni2+, Co2+, and benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC). The N‐CoNi‐BDC was used as the anode of LIBs, demonstrating an exceptional reversible storage capacity of 1358 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. In addition, a charging capacity of 757 mAh g−1 was observed at a high current density of 1 A g−1 without observable capacity degradation up to 300 cycles. The superior behavior of N‐CoNi‐BDC was attributed to its distinct morphology of ultrathin nanosheets with more exposed active sites and stable structures. Ex‐situ FTIR and XPS results revealed that the benzene ring, carboxylate, and Ni2+ in N‐CoNi‐BDC were the active parts of lithium‐ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, ethanol extract obtained from the mycelial culture of Agrocybe aegerita was evaluated for its antioxidant activity as well for its potential to inhibit the virulence factor responsible for quorum-sensing activity and antibiofilm activity of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain. The extract of mushroom at different concentrations showed percentage inhibition in a dose-dependent manner for DPPH and nitric oxide assays with the lowest as 38.56 ± 0.11% and 38.87 ± 0.04% at 50 µg/mL and the highest as 85.63 ± 0.12% and 82.34 ± 0.12% at 200 µg/mL. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional group -OH, O-H bending bonds, C=C stretching, pyranose ring, and H-C-H stretch, confirming the presence of phenol, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid. HPLC analysis revealed that the concentration of gallic acid present in the extract is 27.94 mg/100 g which is significantly (p < 0.05) more than the concentration of rutin (i.e., 7.35 mg/100 g). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-heptadecenal, phthalic acid, butyl hept-4-yl ester, 2-dodecanol, benzoic acid, TMS derivative. The extract showed significantly (p < 0.05) more inhibition of pyocyanin (61.32%) and pyoverdine (54.02%). At higher concentrations of mushroom extract, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction (56.32%) in the swarming motility of the test organism. The extract showed 72.35% inhibition in biofilm formation. Therefore, it has been concluded from the present study that mushroom extract, which is rich in phenolic compounds interferes with the virulence factor responsible for quorum sensing, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation, and can be utilized as therapeutic agents against multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are toxic and persistent chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and have attracted worldwide attention due to their threats to the environment and human health. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a relatively simple structure and one of the most observed PAEs in the environment. This study investigated the degradation of the DMP using Trametes versicolor laccase and its laccase-mediator systems. The degradation effect of laccase alone on DMP was poor, while the laccase-mediator systems can effectively enhance the degradation efficiency. Within 24 h, 45% of DMP (25 mg/L) was degraded in the presence of 0.8 U/mL laccase and 0.053 mM 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). A certain concentration (1 mM) of metal ions Al3+, Cu2+ or Ca2+ can positively promote DMP degradation with the laccase-TEMPO system. Moreover, the structure of PAEs also had a great influence on the degradation efficiency. Higher degradation efficiencies were observed when incubating PAEs with short alkyl side chains by the laccase-TEMPO system compared to that with long alkyl side chains. Additionally, the branched-chain PAEs had a better degradation effect than the straight-chain. The estrogenic activity of the DMP solution after reaction was much smaller than that of the original solution. Finally, transformation products ortho-hydroxylated DMP and phthalic acid were identified by GC–MS and the possible degradation pathway was proposed. This study verifies the feasibility of the laccase-TEMPO system to degrade PAEs and provides a reference for exploring more potential value of laccase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LDH@ZIF-8 composite has been synthesized via in-situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) on Zn/Al hydrotalcite. The morphology and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption-desorption technics. The adsorption performances of LDH@ZIF-8 sample for phthalic acid were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of LDH@ZIF-8 could be as high as 508.72 mg/g at 20°C, C0 = 100 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were well described by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation, respectively. In addition, recycling experiments revealed that the behavior of LDH@ZIF-8 is maintained after recycling for at least three times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium species exhibit high bioremediation potential for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are significant environmental pollutants. In this study, three Gram-positive, rapidly growing strains (YC-RL4T, MB418T, and HX176T) were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils and were classified as Mycobacterium within the family Mycobacteriaceae. Genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI; < 95%) and digital DNA--DNA hybridization (dDDH; < 70%) values relative to other Mycobacterium spp. indicated that the strains represented novel species. The morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates also supported their affiliation with Mycobacterium and their delineation as novel species. The strains were identified as Mycobacterium adipatum sp. nov. (type strain YC-RL4T = CPCC 205684T = CGMCC 1.62027T), Mycobacterium deserti sp. nov. (type strain MB418T = CPCC 205710T = KCTC 49782T), and Mycobacterium hippophais sp. nov. (type strain HX176T = CPCC 205372T = KCTC 49413T). Genes encoding enzymes involved in PAH degradation and metal resistance were present in the genomes of all three strains. Specifically, genes encoding alpha subunits of aromatic ringhydroxylating dioxygenases were encoded by the genomes. The genes were also identified as core genes in a pangenomic analysis of the three strains along with 70 phylogenetically related mycobacterial strains that were previously classified as Mycolicibacterium. Notably, strain YC-RL4T could not only utilize phthalates as their sole carbon source for growth, but also convert di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate into phthalic acid. These results indicated that strains YC-RL4T, MB418T, and HX176T were important resources with significant bioremediation potential in soils contaminated by PAHs and heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subfraction 7-3 was further eluted on a silica gel (200-300 mesh) column with gradient dichloromethane-acetone (10:1-0:1) to give compound B 6 b (113.5 mg). SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO B - b d SB 6 sb , , ppm, J/Hz): 7.99 (2H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.5, H-2", 6"), 7.60 (1H, t, J = 7.8, H-4"), 7.47 (2H, t, J = 7.8, H-3", 5"), 7.29 (1H, td, J = 7.6, 1.5, H-5), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 1.5, H-3), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 7.8, H-6), 7.02 (1H, td, J = 7.6, 1.4, H-4), 6.08 (1H, dt, J = 9.8, 3.6, H-13), 5.77 (1H, dt, J = 9.8, 1.7, H-14), 5.37 (1H, d, J = 7.6, H-1'), 5.30 (1H, d, J = 11.8, H-7a), 5.23 (1H, d, J = 11.8, H-7b), 5.08 (1H, m, H-2'), 3.96-3.25 (5H, m, H-3'-6'), 2.87 (1H, m, H-11a), 2.65 (1H, m, H-12a), 2.59 (1H, m, H-11b), 2.50 (1H, m, H-12b). Fraction 4 was chromatographed on a silica gel (200-300 mesh) column eluting with dichloromethane-acetone (15:1-0:1) to give compound B 10 b (249.4 mg). SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d SB 6 sb , , ppm, J/Hz): 9.43 (1H, br.s, 3'-OH), 7.46 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.4, H-6'), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.4, H-2'), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.4, H-5'), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 2.0, H-6), 6.78 (1H, s, H-3), 6.47 (1H, d, J = 2.0, H-8), 5.09 (1H, d, J = 7.0, H-1"), 3.42 (3H, OCH SB 3 sb ), 3.20-3.73 (sugar protons), 12.99 (1H, s, 5-OH). [Extracted from the article]

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern due to the ability of bacteria to continuously develop various mechanisms of resistance against diverse antimicrobial classes; therefore, there is a critical prerequisite to discover diverse antibiotics with novel chemical structures and unique mechanisms of action. The research work aimed to investigate the detailed antibacterial activity and phytochemical characterization of the methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima galls. Antibacterial properties were analyzed through the well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through the broth dilution method. MIC of Pistacia integerrima extract (PIE) was found to be 10 mg/mL against both E. coli and S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition was determined by the crystal violet method where PIE demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilms. In the presence of PIE, TEM demonstrated morphological changes in both strains. A total of 17 metabolites were identified through GC-MS analysis with most of the compounds exhibiting antibacterial properties, HPTLC shows the presence of the important metabolite quercetin. Furthermore, virtual ligand screening revealed quercetin and phthalic acid as the most medicinally active constituents and potential inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Further research into PIE's bioactive compounds could lead to the development of new antibacterial compounds. [Display omitted] • Pistacia integerrima extract shows antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. • GC-MS analysis revealed that the presence of antibacterial phytoconstituents. • The study identified Quercetin as the main antibacterial compound. • Antibacterial mechanism was determined by transmission electron microscopy. • Quercetin and phthalic acid inhibits target proteins determined by In silico analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as plasticizer causes diffusion into the environment, which posed a great threat to mankind. It was reported that Comamonas sp. was a potentially robust aromatic biodegrader. Although the biodegradation of several PAEs by Comamonas sp. was studies, the comprehensive genomic analysis of Comamonas sp. was few reported. In the present study, one promising bacterial strain for biodegrading diethyl phthalate (DEP) was successfully isolated from activated sludge and characterized as Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that pH 7.5, 30 °C and inoculum volume ratio of 6% were optimal for biodegradation. Initial DEP of 50 mg/L could be completely biodegrade by strain USTBZA1 within 24 h which conformed to the Gompertz model. Based on the Q-TOF LC/MS analysis, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and phthalic acid (PA) were identified as the metabolic products of DEP biodegradation by USTBZA1. Furthermore, the whole genome of Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 was analyzed to clarify the molecular mechanism for PAEs biodegradation by USTBZA1. There were 3 and 41 genes encoding esterase/arylesterase and hydrolase, respectively, and two genes regions (pht34512 and pht4253) were responsible for the conversion of PA to protocatechuate (PCA), and two genes regions (ligCBAIKJ) were involved in PCA metabolism in USTBZA1. These results substantiated that Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 has potential application in the DEP bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria are known to produce numerous antibacterial metabolites that are active against various pathogenic microbes. In this study, bioactive metabolites from the cell free supernatant of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction, using ethyl acetate, followed by fractionation, using silica gel column chromatography. The collected F23 fraction effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus) by observing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The evaluated values of MIC were 15.6 ± 0.34, 3.9 ± 0.59, and 31.2 ± 0.67 μg/mL and MBC were 15.6 ± 0.98, 7.8 ± 0.45, and 62.5 ± 0.23 μg/mL respectively, against the above-mentioned pathogenic bacteria. The concentration of F23 fraction was varying from 1000 to 1.9 μg/mL. Furthermore, the fraction also exhibited sustainable biofilm inhibition. Using the Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), the metabolites present in the bioactive fraction (F23), were identified as phthalic acid, myristic acid, mangiferin, 16-hydroxylpalmatic acid, apigenin, and oleandomycin. By using in silico approach, docking analysis showed good interaction of identified metabolites and receptor proteins of pathogenic bacteria. The present study suggested Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4, as a promising source of natural bioactive metabolites which may receive great benefit as potential sources of drugs in the pharmacological sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deuterium‐labeled polyols are one of the most extensive applied chemicals in biochemistry and biophysics. However, the deuteriation still is insufficient, exhibiting a low deuterated ratio and indistinct reaction mechanism. Herein, Ru supported on MnBCD (MnBDC, derived from Mn p‐phthalic acid metal‐organic framework) as nanocatalyst with an agglomerated sheet‐type structure; this allows the possibility of achieving both thermo‐ and electrocatalytic hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reaction. Furthermore, XPS characterization confirmed that the specific structural changes in the electron density of Ru outer layers were modulated through the impregnation and reduction processes. According to the change of outer electronic structure, hydrogen spillover and electron‐rich flow promote the reaction of the catalyst in thermo‐ and electrocatalytic systems, respectively. In addition, the results indicate that a high deuterated ratio of 97 % can be obtained, hence the catalytic technology has enormous potential for the synthesis of a broad variety of deuterium‐labeled compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new ternary Zn(II)-coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn2(TPD)2(L1)2·H2O]·2H2O}n (1), [Zn0.5(TPD)0.5(L2)]n (2), {[Zn1.5(TPD)1.5(L3)]·0.25H2O}n (3) and {[Zn(TPD)(L3)]·2H2O}n (4) (L1 = 1,2-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L2 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L3 = 1,3-bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propane, H2TPD = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid) were hydrothermally/solvothermally synthesized and characterized. 1 and 4 possess a 1D chain structure, 2 is a sql layer and 3 reveals a tfi topological framework. 1–4 reveal excellent thermal stability and can stably exist in acid-base solutions. 1–3 are highly sensitive and selective luminescent sensors for the detecting of acetylacetone, Fe3+ and Al3+ (just 3) ions via the luminescence quenching process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups, so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester ( PAEs) in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental pollution from PAEs. In this paper, the extraction, characterization and adsorption models of humic acid were reviewed, and the research status of adsorption of PAEs by humic acid was further summarized. Based on these, the feasibility and observable application prospect of humic acid as a cheap adsorbent were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multitask star‐shaped oligoaniline (S‐TAH) was synthesized using microwave irradiation in three steps: preparation of phthalic acid‐ capped tetra‐aniline (as the arm), synthesis of a tetrafunctional biobased core, and subsequently, coupling arms to the core, using a divergent approach. A biobased core was synthesized through a direct condensation reaction of pentaerythritol, with l‐lactic acid. The chemical structures were extensively characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The performance of S‐TAH, as a multitask hardener for bisphenol A‐based epoxy resin (EP), was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analyses (DMTA), and four‐prob conductometry. Peaks of cure exotherms for S‐TAH/EP (1:1) systems appear at 135°C with a tail‐like peak around 175°C. Compared to conventional amine‐cured EP, the thermal stability of the S‐TAH/EP cured was significantly higher, that is, ~ 40°C enhancement in half weight loss temperature (T50). A three‐fold improvement in char yield was observed. From DMTA, the material cured with S‐TAH displays representative storage moduli in glassy (9.4 GPa) and rubbery (5.2 GPa) states reflecting a uniform network and viscoelastic behavior. The electrical conductivities (σ) of the pure S‐TAH and the epoxy systems cured with S‐TAH/EP are 4.3 × 10−4, and 2.65 × 10−4, respectively. T star‐shaped oligoaniline is a promising multitask hardener—functioning as hardener, thermal stabilizer, electrically conductive and toughening agents—which can be versatilely applied in thermal resistance anticorrosive coatings and conductive adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment is heavily populated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are dangerous to human health. Degradation and cleaning of PAH chemicals from water and soil regions are crucial due to their chemical and biological impacts and persistent nature. In this study, we found that a very efficient bacterial consortium A-LOBP-19A+LOP-9 (99.62%) for benzo[a]pyrene up to 1000ppm and B-LOP-9 +GWP-2 (93.8%) for pyrene up to 2000ppm concentration degradation and it was done in MSM medium with isolated bacterial strains and incubated at 37° C for 50 days and 30 days respectively. This consortium consisting of the Mycobacterium vaanbaalenii GWP-2 (ON715011), Staphylococcus aureus LOP-9(ON715121), and Stutzerimonas stutzeri (LOBP-19A) OP389146, and these have capabilities of mentioned PAHs. The HPLC analysis suggested that both benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene degraded through peaks by both consortia. Degraded metabolites were identified by GC-MS and reported the presence of Phthalic acid, Naphthalene, 1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid, Butoxyacetic acid, Benzeneacetic acid and benzo [a]pyrene-1,6-dione. Thus, the study demonstrated efficient bacterial community enhancement for PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene) decomposition, and these can be further explored for the cleanup of hydrocarbons pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes two methods for the detection of phthalic acid esters (phthalates) and citric acid esters (citrates). The effect of plasticizers is demonstrated in simple experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered-structure V 2 O 5 has attracted extensive research attention as an ideal electrode material for lithium batteries and gas sensors, among others. In this study, we investigated the effects of Li+ and Eu3+ single- and co-doping on the electronic structure, optical properties, and pollutant-photodegradation efficiency of V 2 O 5. All the samples were fabricated by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using NH 4 VO 3 and phthalic acid as precursors. Pure and Eu3+-doped V 2 O 5 developed into short, thick nanorods, while, Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V 2 O 5 crystallized into ultralong nanowires. Furthermore, Li+ and Eu3+ doping significantly increased the ability of V 2 O 5 to photodegrade Rhodamine B in solution. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this photochemical enhancement, the multivalence of V, charge dispersion characteristics, luminescence, and carrier lifetime were measured. The improved photocatalysis of Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V 2 O 5 was found to be related to its increased specific surface area, multivalent V4+/5+ ions, prolonged charge lifetime, and accelerated charge dispersion. Experimental results showed that Eu3+ and Li + ions are present in the interlayers of V 4 O 5 as pillars. Thus, co-doping represents a viable strategy to improve the photochemical properties of layered V 2 O 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kinetic analysis of the process aimed at preparing soluble polyimide by the thermal imidization of a prepolymer, polyamic acid (PAA), in a dimethylacetamide solution in a temperature range of 120–160 °C was carried out. The scheme including elementary reactions of imidization, synthesis, and decomposition of PAA, as well as the reversible side reaction of hydrolysis of anhydride groups with water released during imidization was used in the analysis. The PAA was synthesized by the low-temperature polycondensation of 2,2-bis[(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride (BPADA) and 2,2-bis(4-aminophenoxyphenyl)propane (BAPP). The rate constants of hydrolysis of anhydride groups and dehydration of phthalic acid fragments were determined experimentally for model compounds: phthalic anhydride and phthalic acid. The experimentally found rate constants of elementary reactions of imidization, decay, and synthesis of PAA of the same chemical structure and in the same temperature range determined by the authors earlier were also used in the calculations. The solution of the system of kinetic equations was performed by the numerical integration using the Maple 17 software. The developed model makes it possible to calculate the dependence of the change in the number average molecular weight of the formed polyimide. According to the calculation results, the initial PAA concentration affects the character of the dependence: the higher the initial concentration of PAA, the more noticeable the role of the side reaction of hydrolysis of terminal anhydride groups, which reduces the rate of increasing average degree of polymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]