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If ‘power’ means cultural and political influence, philosophy has become a global world power. Philosophical argumentation and reflection constitute a non-economical, non-technological, and non-military power by the word that is capable of challenging the other powers, exposing lies and illusions, and proposing a better world as dwelling for humanity.Often the power of the philosophical word has been ignored, when philosophy was seen as pure description, pure reference, an innocent mirror, that forgets itself and make us present to things. However, if philosophy has the power of the word, not all kinds of philosophizing are necessarily good for humanity. It can be very seducing for a group, and give food for mass suggestion making that appeals to the worst part of ourselves. We have learnt to understand how philosophy in itself may not only enlighten and liberate, but also seduce and manipulate. Today, philosophy has lost its innocence; we cannot philosophize without reflection on our linguistic practice. But we philosophers are not only called to understand ourselves. We must also contribute to developing an understanding of the power of the word more generally. And as citizens of the world, we must recognize that humiliation of others might be the most brutal violence we can practice without directly killing.

The progress of medicine is undeniable. Nevertheless, the notion of progress is very unspecified and may hinder possible progress where it is not expected. This paper distinguishes between a painful body and a suffering person. If this distinction is not made, technical progress that has considerably contributed to soothe pain risks to turn us away from care for suffering and for relief assured by the presence of other persons. However, relief is not identical with the elimination of suffering. Suffering reminds us, therefore, of our own mortality, which is the limit of all therapeutic possibilities., Les progrès de la médecine sont indéniables. Néanmoins, la notion de progrès est sans doute trop indéterminée pour ne pas faire obstacle à d’éventuels progrès ailleurs que là où on les attend. On distinguera ici corps douloureux et sujet souffrant et on défendra l’idée que, faute de cette distinction, les progrès techniques qui ont considérablement contribué à calmer la douleur risquent de nous détourner de nous soucier de la souffrance et de l’apaisement qu’une certaine qualité de présence peut apporter au sujet souffrant. Toutefois, apaisement n’est pas suppression de la souffrance. Celle-ci est donc, pour chacun, le rappel de sa mortalité, limite de tout progrès de l’arsenal thérapeutique., Kemp Peter. Pouvoir et impuissance dans la relation thérapeutique. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 90e année n°2, Avril-Juin 2010. pp. 219-229.

Climate change is a global environmental problem that is directly influenced by human activity. Yet, environmental awareness, is not reflected in our actions, and the environmentally harmful actions we know not to do, we tend to do anyway. In this paper we provide a philosophical analysis of the cognitive barriers that may block the individual citizen's acknowledgement of a personal responsibility to engage in climate responsible behaviour. We distinguish between two types of cognitive barriers; the physical barriers, that are associated with the way we gain knowledge about climate change and the physical world state; and the psychological barriers, that arise from ideas about ourselves and the nature that surrounds us. Finally, we discuss the climate problem in light of the idea of the world citizen and the ethics of sustainability, and we argue that the interconnectedness between the individual and the collective contribution must be emphasized to show how humankind as a whole is conditioned by the many individual, local, and national forms of initiatives.

Philosophy of education is regarded as an art of hermeneutics that integrates a theory of mimesis in its understanding of the educational transmission. The idea of the master is reconsidered in this perspective in order to overcome the old opposition between classicism and romanticism. In that way the author attempts to respond to the question: What is the secret to pedagogically sound education?

One of the most important developments in ethics in our time was spearheaded by Paul Ricœur. In his philosophy, the idea of Justice, which founds society on the principle of treating everyone as an equal, is itself founded on the idea of care or solicitude for “the other”, extended to everyone who counts in just institutions as a person whom I then take care of as what Ricœur, Levinas and others call “the third” in the good life. – But the practice of justice is not sufficient for love in its highest forms that is recognition, pure gift and shared memory with others in close relations, including forgiveness, which in very personal relationships can claim: “You are better than your actions”.

Etude de la question du temoignage de la verite et du langage chez Levinas et Kierkegaard. Etablissant une analogie entre la conception du dire developpee par Levinas dans «Autrement qu'etre ou au-dela de l'essence», d'une part, et la reflexion sur le silence dans l'oeuvre pseudonymique de Kierkegaard, d'autre part, l'A. montre que la difference entre les deux philosophes ne reside pas dans le primat de la subjectivite chez le second et le primat de l'autre chez le premier, mais bien dans leur rapport au totalement Autre, c'est-a-dire a Dieu

L'A. etudie l'interpretation de l'attestation ontologique de soi de Heidegger et l'interpretation de l'injonction ethique de Levinas par P. Ricoeur. Appliquant l'idee de l'affirmation originale developpee par Spinoza, Maine de Biran et Nabert, P. Ricoeur ouvre la voie royale a la reflexion philosophique fondee sur le depassement de la pensee de l'autre

Concerns about population ageing have been central to reforms of pensions policy and social care policy in the UK over recent decades. However, policy responses to these social problems are in tension, as individuals have been expected to take greater responsibility for both pension saving and provision of care, even when care involves a reduction in earnings and savings. While the pension system protects carers’ state pensions, little attention has been paid to their non-state pensions. This thesis therefore explores the attitudes and beliefs carers hold regarding pensions, and the effect of caring on pensions planning, particularly planning a non-state pension. It focuses on the assumptions made about agency and decision-making contained within social policy. Semi-structured interviews were held with those aged 35-64 who were providing 20 hours of care or more a week in the Thames Valley and Greater London. Almost all of the carers reported disruption to their private pension savings as their employment was impacted by caring. Few felt able to make a choice regarding either caring or employment. Caring also affected the importance many attached to saving, although there was no uniform effect on decision-making. Some carers became more reflexive, attempting to take more control in response to the uncertainty in their lives; others felt powerless due to this uncertainty and limited financial resources. The study provided support for the theory of an ethic of care, which suggests individuals make decisions based on relationships rather than calculations of expected outcomes. The findings challenge the assumptions made in pensions policy. Carers were classed in four categories of approach to pensions savings: reflexive planners, non-reflexive planners, reflexive non-planners and non-reflexive non-planners. A range of financial and social resources corresponding to Bourdieu’s habitus and economic and cultural capital was required for carers to act as reflexive planners.

The author discusses the limits, the power and the dangers of speech, seen as the essential mode of all philosophical ‘acts’. The place of speech in the public sphere is mentioned in relation to the politico-religious debates that have taken place in Denmark in the last few years. The paper returns to and develops the inaugural speech at the World Philosophy Conference in Seoul, South Korea, in July 2008.

Is the current approach to enterprise architecture dogmatic and over-ambitious? Peter Kemp and Dr John McManus MBCS give their view

From 1995 to 1998, the European Commission supported the “Basic Ethical Principles in European Bioethics and Biolaw” research project (1995–1998). The project was based on cooperation between 22 partners coming from most EU countries. Its aim was to identify the ethical principles relating to autonomy, dignity, integrity and vulnerability as four important ideas or values for a European bioethics and biolaw. An important resume of the BIOMED project was the partner’s Policy Proposals to the European Commission, the Barcelona Declaration of 1998 (reprinted as an appendix to this article), which is unique as a philosophical and political agreement between experts in bioethics and biolaw from many different countries. In this article, we want to compare the Barcelona Declaration with some other recent international Documents on bioethics and biolaw. We will relate the Barcelona Declaration to the framework of different international documents and codes of conduct about bioethics and biolaw. In particular, we will look at the similarities and differences when compared with the Council of Europe’s Convention for the Protection on of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with Regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine, adopted by the Committee of Ministers in 1996. Moreover, we will look at The UNESCO Declaration on the Humane Genome from 1997. Thus, the Barcelona Declaration does not only represent European ethical principles for bioethics and biolaw, but the document should also be conceived as a conceptual clarification and articulation of major ethical principles, which are central to international concerns for a universal bioethics and biolaw., Europska komisija je od 1995. do 1998. podupirala istraživački projekt »Temeljni etički principi u europskoj bioetici i biopravu« (1995–1998). Projekt se temeljio na suradnji 22 partnera iz većine država Europske unije. Cilj projekta bio je identificirati etičke principe povezane s autonomijom, dostojanstvom, integritetom i ranjivošću kao četirima važnim idejama ili vrijednostima za europsku bioetiku i biopravo. Važan sažetak BIOMED projekta bio je Prijedlog Smjernica Europskoj komisiji – Deklaracija iz Barcelone iz 1998. godine (priložena ovome tekstu) – koja je jedinstvena jer predstavlja filozofsku i političku suglasnost stručnjaka za bioetiku i biopravo iz mnogih država. U ovome tekstu želimo usporediti Deklaraciju iz Barcelone sa nekim drugim novijim međunarodnim dokumentima o bioetici i biopravu. Povezat ćemo Deklaraciju iz Barcelone sa okvirom koji nude različiti međunarodni dokumenti i propisi o djelovanju u bioetici i biopravu. Posebno ćemo se usmjeriti na sličnosti i razlike sa Konvencijom o zaštiti ljudskih prava i dostojanstva ljudskih bića u pogledu primjene biologije i medicine, koju je prihvatilo Vijeće ministara 1996., te ćemo promotriti i UNESCOvu Deklaraciju o ljudskom genomu iz 1997. Dakle, Deklaracija iz Barcelone ne predstavlja samo europske etičke principe u bioetici i biopravu, nego ujedno pojašnjava i artikulira osnovne etičke principe koji se nalaze u središtu međunarodnog interesa za univerzalnu bioetiku i biopravo., La Comission européenne a soutenu, de 1995 à 1998, le programme de recherche intitulé « Les principes éthiques de base en bioéthique et en bio-droit européens ». Le projet était basé sur la collaboration de 22 partenaires issus de la plupart des pays de l’Union européenne. L’objectif du projet était d’identifier les principes éthiques d’autonomie, de dignité, d’intégrité et de vulnérabilité comme étant les quatre idées et valeurs majeures de la bioéthique et du biodroit européens. Les Propositions et les recommandations à la Commission européenne – la Déclaration de Barcelone de 1998 (ci-jointe) – constitue un résumé important du projet BIOMED. Cette déclaration est unique dans son genre car elle représente l’unanimité philosophique et politique des experts en bioéthique et en biodroit de nombreux pays. Dans ce texte, nous souhaitons comparer la Déclaration de Barcelone avec quelques nouveaux documents en bioéthique et en biodroit internationaux. Nous situerons la Déclaration de Barcelone dans le cadre proposé par les différents documents internationaux et les règlements relatifs à l’action dans le domaine de la bioéthique et du biodroit. Nous examinerons tout particulièrement les similitudes et les différences par rapport à la « Convention pour la protection des droits de l’homme et la dignité de l’être humain à l’égard des applications de la biologie et de la médecine », adoptée en 1996 par le Conseil des ministres. Enfin, nous étudierons la « Déclaration sur le génome humain » de l’Unesco de 1997. Donc, la Déclaration de Barcelone ne représente pas seulement les principes éthiques européens en matière de bioéthique et de biodroit, mais éclaire et articule les principes éthiques de base se trouvant au coeur de l’intérêt international pour une bioéthique et un biodroit universels., „Ethische Grundprinzipien in der europäischen Bioethik und im Biorecht” ist der Titel eines Forschungsprojekts, das von 1995 bis 1998 von der EU-Kommission unterstützt wurde. Das Projekt gründete sich auf die Zusammenarbeit von 22 Partnerorganisationen aus der Mehrzahl der EU-Staaten. Es sollten ethische Grundprinzipien ermittelt werden, die sich ableiten aus Autonomie, Würde, Integrität und Verwundbarkeit als den vier Ausschlag gebenden Ideen bzw. Werten, die in der Bioethik und im Biorecht in Europa zum Tragen kommen sollen. Aus dem Resümee des EU-BIOMED-Projektes wurde ein Rahmenprogramm der EU-Kommission abgeleitet und 1998 in der Deklaration von Barcelona festgehalten (die dem Text beiliegt). Bei dieser Deklaration handelt es sich um einen einzigartigen Text, der die philosophische und politische Übereinstimmung von Experten aus dem Bereich der Bioethik und des Biorechts aus vielen Staaten dokumentiert. Im vorliegenden Artikel soll die Barcelona-Deklaration mit einigen internationalen Dokumenten zu Bioethik und Biorecht jüngeren Datums verglichen werden. Die Autoren stellen die Deklaration in Zusammenhang mit den Richtlinien, die in verschiedenen anderen internationalen Dokumenten und Rechtsvorschriften zum Vorgehen im Bereich der Bioethik und des Biorechts vorgegeben sind. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dem Vergleich mit der Konvention zum Schutz der Menschenrechte und der Würde der Menschen im Hinblick auf die Bereiche Biologie und Medizin, die 1996 vom EU-Ministerrat verabschiedet wurde. Sodann wurde die UNESCO-Deklaration betreffend des menschlichen Genoms und der Menschenrechte aus dem Jahre 1997 näher untersucht. Die Barcelona-Deklaration präsentiert also nicht nur die in Europa angestrebten ethischen Grundsätze in Bioethik und Biorecht, sondern erläutert und artikuliert ethische Grundprinzipien, die sich weltweit im Mittelpunkt des Interesses für universale Bioethik und Biorecht befinden.

Sociology was born as an attempt to delimit an object of investigation offered by society as a social reality. The ambition was that of “treating the social facts as things” (Durkheim) or of understanding and explaining the social relations by respecting an “axiological neutrality” (Max Weber). Today, however, we are in the presence of a new kind of sociologists, and they are by no means the less popular ones, who are not trying to avoid assessments in their analysis of the present social world. I have in mind especially two sociologists, Ulrich Beck (Munich) and David Held (London). I will discuss in particular the view of sociology presented in a recent book of Ulrich Beck (Macht und Gegenmacht im globalen Zeitalter, 2002, translated into French under the title Pouvoir et contre-pouvoir a l’ere de la mondialisation, 2003), and I will show some analogies between Beck and Held. Finally, I will try to identify the points hat make the present sociological epistemology different from that of the great founders of this science.

Improving management in Government requires a contractual relationship between specifiers and providers of services. The Next Steps project aims to propel the Civil Service in that direction. What is being done, and what is being achieved?

PurposeThe paper sets out to explore the leadership processes and dynamics of change management in a fragmented, and resource‐poor, health service in an impoverished rural region in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines an action research process aimed at assisting the stakeholders of two rural clinics to integrate psychiatric care into the Primary Health Care service that they offer their respective communities. This involved the transformation of existing practices through a form of praxis that involved learning from action and acting on learning.FindingsThe findings of the paper relate to the role of leadership in the facilitation of transformational learning in team‐based social action. Four areas of leadership responsibility are highlighted: the transformation of inappropriate mental models; the development of strategic resilience; the shifting of the locus of control of stakeholders to a more internal position; and the creation of a social environment in which intangible capital resources are generated and leveraged in the collective interest.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is subject to the limitations of potential bias and distortion in action research. Although the “objective” evidence of the integration of psychiatric services at Pelsrus and Kwanomzamo clinics exists, the portrayal of the learning processes through which this was achieved could have been influenced unwittingly by the authors' own knowledge and other interests.Practical implicationsThe paper endorses the educational importance of work‐based projects through which strong tacit leadership knowledge bases can be developed in health sector personnel.Originality/valueThis paper has attempted to share the effectiveness of work‐ and project‐based learning in district health teams in South Africa. In particular, it has outlined how the learning strategy of the module leverages the team structure of the district health management units in order to create and exploit the social and morale capital resources that are potentially available through such a structure and the covenantal culture that it spawns. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to show how these resources are leveraged in the generation of mission‐pertinent tacit knowledge that is then converted by project stakeholders into explicit knowledge forms that can be used more effectively in framing subsequent strategic action.

INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NOTE TO READER THE OXFORD COMPANION TO SHIPS & THE SEA SELECT INDEX

Foreword 7 Opening of conference address 15 J. Flanagan Keynote presentations 17 Overview of animal production from pastures in Ireland 19 M.J. Drennan, A.F. Carson and S. Crosse Plant and sward characteristics to achieve high intake in ruminants 37 W.J. Wales, C.R. Stockdale and P.T. Doyle New insights into the nutritional value of grass 49 D.H. Rearte Genetic characteristics required in dairy and beef cattle for temperate grazing systems 61 F. Buckley, C. Holmes and M.G. Keane Grass growth modelling: to increase understanding and aid decision making on-farm 79 P.D. Barrett and A.S. Laidlaw Modelling of herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows 89 R. Delagarde and M. O'Donovan Decision support for temperate grasslands: challenges and pitfalls 105 J.R. Donnelly, L. Salmon, R.D.H. Cohen, ZL. Liu and XP. Xin Challenges and opportunities for animal production from temperate pastures 119 D.A. Clark Optimising financial return from grazing in temperate pastures 131 P. Dillon, J.R. Roche, L. Shalloo and B. Horan Section 1: Appropriate plants for grazing 149 Intake characteristics of diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass varieties when grazed by Simmental x Holstein yearling heifers under rotational stocking management 151 R.J. Orr, J.E. Cook, K.L. Young, R.A. Champion and A.J. Rook The effect of early and delayed spring grazing on the milk production, grazing management and grass intake of dairy cows 152 E. Kennedy, M. O'Donovan, J.P. Murphy, L. Delaby and F.P. O'Mara Performance of meat goats grazing winter annual grasses in the Piedmont of the southeastern USA 153 J-M. Luginbuhl and J.P. Mueller The importance of patch size in estimating steady-state bite rate in grazing cattle 154 E.D. Ungar, N. Ravid, T. Zada, E. Ben-Moshe, R. Yonatan, S. Brenner, H. Baram and A. Genizi Spring calving suckler beef systems: influence of grassland management system on herbage availability, utilisation, quality and cow and calf performance to weaning 155 M.J. Drennan, M. McGee, S. Kyne and B. O'Neill Production and plant density of Sulla grazed by sheep at three growth stages 156 H. Krishna and P.D. Kemp Management of pasture quality for sheep on New Zealand hill country 157 D.I. Gray, J.I. Reid, P.D. Kemp, I.M. Brookes, D. Horne, P.R. Kenyon, C. Matthew, S.T. Morris and I. Valentine Perennial ryegrass variety differences in nutritive value characteristics 158 T.J. Gilliland, R.E. Agnew, A.M. Fearon and F.E.A. Wilson A survey of European regional adaptation in Italian ryegrass varieties 159 T.J. Gilliland and A.J.P. van Wijk Effect of perennial ryegrass cultivars on the fatty acid composition in milk of stall-fed cows 160 A. Elgersma, H.J. Smit, G. Ellen and S. Tamminga. Survey of tetraploid and diploid perennial pastures in the Waikato for number of spores produced by the fungus Pithomyces chartarum 161 J.P.J. Eerens, W.W. Nichol, J. Waller, J.M. Mellsop, M.R. Trolove and M.G. Norriss 161 Diverse forage m

We need education that promotes appreciation and construction of international structure and authorities able to safeguard the cosmopolitan ideal and straighten the effort for practising concrete solutions to our enormous international problems