100 results on '"PEN-AN LIAO"'
Search Results
52. ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of N-Substituted Cyanamides via Tiemann Rearrangement of Amidoximes
- Author
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Chih Wei Chang, Tsung Han Hsieh, Wen Hsiung Yeh, Pen Yuan Liao, Tun Cheng Chien, Zhen Yuan Liao, Yu Chiao Shih, and Chia Chi Lin
- Subjects
Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Combinatorial chemistry - Abstract
A facile and general synthesis of various N-substituted cyanamides was accomplished by the Tiemann rearrangement of amidoximes with benzenesulfonyl chlorides (TsCl or o-NsCl) and DIPEA.
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- 2014
53. Multivariable self-tuning PID controller based on wavelet fuzzy neural networks
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Pen-Yu Liao, Yuan-Hai Charng, Jheng-Yu Guo, Chi-Huang Lu, and Chi-Ming Liu
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Nonlinear system ,Wavelet ,Control theory ,Computer science ,Fuzzy neural ,Multivariable calculus ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Self-tuning ,PID controller ,Fuzzy control system - Abstract
This paper presents a multivariable self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on wavelet fuzzy neural networks (WFNNs) for a class of nonlinear systems. A mathematic model using WFNN is constructed for the controlled nonlinear multivariable system, and the self-tuning PID controller is derived via a generalized predictive performance criterion. Numerical simulations exhibit that the proposed multivariable self-tuning PID control law gives satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection performances.
- Published
- 2014
54. Hypertensive brain stem encephalopathy
- Author
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Cheng Yu Chen, Chien-Chang Lee, and Pen Yuan Liao
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Diagnostic Imaging ,Male ,Hypertensive encephalopathy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Encephalopathy ,Computed tomography ,White matter ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Edema ,Hypertensive Encephalopathy ,Ischemic infarction ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Emergency Medicine ,Differential diagnosis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Brain Stem - Abstract
A 48-year-old man presented with headache and extreme hypertension. Computed tomography showed diffuse brain stem hypodensity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse brain stem vasogenic edema. Hypertensive brain stem encephalopathy is an uncommon manifestation of hypertensive encephalopathy, which classically occurs at parietooccipital white matter. Because of its atypical location, the diagnosis can be challenging. Moreover, the coexistence of hypertension and brain stem edema could also direct clinicians toward a diagnosis of ischemic infarction, leading to a completely contradictory treatment goal.
- Published
- 2014
55. TCT-21 Door-to-ECMO before Door-to-Balloon? Early Implementation of ECMO might improve the Survival of Patients with STEMI Complicated by Refractory Cardiogenic Shock
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Jung-Cheng Hsu, Chi-Cheng Huang, Shin-Rong Ke, and Pen-Chih Liao
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Refractory ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Cardiogenic shock ,Door-to-balloon ,medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS) represents the extremely-ill patients with STEMI, whose mortality rate was >60%. Despite the efforts to decrease door-to-balloon (D2B) time in the past decade, recent studies reported little progress on mortality of these patients. Meanwhile, early mechanical
- Published
- 2016
56. Role of procalcitonin in predicting dilating vesicoureteral reflux in young children hospitalized with a first febrile urinary tract infection
- Author
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Tong Wei Hung, Hai Lun Sun, Min Sho Ku, Ji Nan Sheu, Pen Fen Liao, Ko Huang Lue, Shan Ming Chen, Kang Hsi Wu, and Yu Hua Chao
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Microbiology (medical) ,Calcitonin ,Male ,Serum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Urology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Kidney ,Vesicoureteral reflux ,Procalcitonin ,Cohort Studies ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Protein Precursors ,Prospective cohort study ,Ultrasonography ,Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ,Pyelonephritis ,Febrile urinary tract infection ,business.industry ,Infant ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Serum samples ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,United States ,Radiography ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Renal ultrasonography ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Female ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Biomarkers ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to assess the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) as a marker for predicting dilating (grades III-V) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in young children with a first febrile urinary tract infection. METHODS: Children ≤2 years of age with a first febrile urinary tract infection were prospectively evaluated. Serum samples were tested for PCT at the time of admission to a tertiary hospital. All children underwent renal ultrasonography (US), Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan, and voiding cystourethrography. The diagnostic characteristics of PCT test for acute pyelonephritis and dilating VUR were calculated. RESULTS: Of 272 children analyzed (168 boys and 104 girls; median age, 5 months), 169 (62.1%) had acute pyelonephritis. There was VUR demonstrated in 97 (35.7%), including 70 (25.7%) with dilating VUR. The median PCT value was significantly higher in children with VUR than in those without (P < 0.001). Using a PCT cutoff value of ≥1.0 ng/mL, the sensitivity and negative predictive value for predicting dilating VUR were 94.3% and 95.4%, respectively, for PCT, and 97.1% and 97.8%, respectively, for the combined PCT and US studies, whereas the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.03 and 0.107, respectively, for PCT, and 1.72 and 0.067, respectively, for the combined studies. By multivariate analysis, high PCT values and abnormalities on US were independent predictors of dilating VUR. CONCLUSIONS: PCT is useful for diagnosing acute pyelonephritis and predicting dilating VUR in young children with a first febrile urinary tract infection. A voiding cystourethrography is indicated only in children with high PCT values (≥1.0 ng/mL) and/or abnormalities found on a US.
- Published
- 2013
57. Direct interaction of the major light-harvesting complex II and PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching
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Pen-Nan Liao, Werner Kühlbrandt, Peter Walla, Matthias Grunwald, and Laura Wilk
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Chlorophyll ,Protein Folding ,Circular dichroism ,Photosystem II ,Blotting, Western ,Arabidopsis ,Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ,Xanthophylls ,Photochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Zeaxanthins ,Cloning, Molecular ,Lipid bilayer ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Quenching (fluorescence) ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Chemistry ,Circular Dichroism ,Peas ,Photosystem II Protein Complex ,Biological Sciences ,Fluorescence ,Recombinant Proteins ,Zeaxanthin ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Xanthophyll ,Liposomes ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel - Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS) plays a key role in nonphotochemical quenching, a photoprotective mechanism for dissipation of excess excitation energy in plants. The precise function of PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching is unknown. By reconstituting PsbS together with the major light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHC-II) and the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zea) into proteoliposomes, we have tested the individual contributions of PSII complexes and Zea to chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching in a membrane environment. We demonstrate that PsbS is stable in the absence of pigments in vitro. Significant Chl fluorescence quenching of reconstituted LHC-II was observed in the presence of PsbS and Zea, although neither Zea nor PsbS alone was sufficient to induce the same quenching. Coreconstitution with PsbS resulted in the formation of LHC-II/PsbS heterodimers, indicating their direct interaction in the lipid bilayer. Two-photon excitation measurements on liposomes containing LHC-II, PsbS, and Zea showed an increase of electronic interactions between carotenoid S 1 and Chl states, , that correlated directly with Chl fluorescence quenching. These findings are in agreement with a carotenoid-dependent Chl fluorescence quenching by direct interactions of LHCs of PSII with PsbS monomers.
- Published
- 2013
58. Fixed–Random Mixture Method for Work Sampling
- Author
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Elinor S. Pape and Pen-Yuan Liao
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Engineering ,021103 operations research ,business.industry ,Sampling schedule ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Process (computing) ,Sampling (statistics) ,Poisson process ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,symbols.namesake ,Statistics ,symbols ,business ,Work sampling - Abstract
This paper presents an approach to work sampling involving a mixture of fixed and random sampling. Fixed-interval sampling is more efficient in terms of providing more precise information for the same number of observations. Random sampling avoids the possibilities of sampling times being anticipated and the sampling schedule coinciding with some rhythm in the sampled process. Using a mixture of fixed and random sampling provides a smooth transition from fixed to random sampling and allows the practitioner to select a mixture level appropriate for his or her purposes. The efficiency of the mixture sampling method is analyzed by using an alternating Poisson process model for the sampled process. The mixture sampling method eliminates the observation-free period after every observation that was provided by the previously proposed delayed-sampling method. Although the mixture sampling method is slightly less efficient than the delayed-sampling method, its advantage is clear when anticipation of observation times is a concern, and it is always more efficient than random sampling.
- Published
- 1996
59. Rapid Early Triage by Leukocytosis and the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Author
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Kuo-Chin Chen, Yen-Wen Wu, Yuan-Hung Liu, Shin-Rong Ke, Cheng-Wei Liu, Yen-Ting Yeh, Ai-Hsien Li, and Pen-Chih Liao
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Framingham Risk Score ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mortality rate ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,General Medicine ,Thrombolysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Conventional PCI ,medicine ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Leukocytosis ,Myocardial infarction ,medicine.symptom ,business ,TIMI - Abstract
The clinical utility of leukocytosis in risk assessment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still unclear. We aim to demonstrate the prognostic value of leukocyte counts independent from traditional risk factors and the TIMI risk score (TRS) for STEMI and to propose a practical model comprising leukocyte count for early triage in STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty. A prospective database (n = 796) of consecutive STEMI cases receiving primary angioplasty at a tertiary medical center was retrospectively analyzed in the period from February 1, 2007 through December 31, 2012. Primary endpoints were 30-day and 1-year mortality. Propensity score-adjusted Cox regression models and subdivision analysis were performed. Leukocytosis group (n = 306) had higher 30-day mortality (5.9% vs 3.1%, P = 0.048) and 1-year mortality (9.2% vs 5.1%, P = 0.022). After adjustment by propensity score and TRS, leukocyte count (per 103/μL) was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (HR: 1.086, 95% CI: 1.034–1.140, P = 0.001). Subdivision analysis demonstrated the correlation between leukocytosis and higher 1-year mortality within both high and low TRS strata (divided by 4, the median of TRS). Additionally, 24% (191 out of 796) of patients were characterized by nonleukocytosis and TRS
- Published
- 2016
60. On the role of excitonic interactions in carotenoid-phthalocyanine dyads and implications for photosynthetic regulation
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John T. M. Kennis, Miroslav Kloz, Smitha Pillai, Devens Gust, Rienk van Grondelle, Ana L. Moore, Thomas A. Moore, Pen Nan Liao, Peter Walla, Biophysics Photosynthesis/Energy, and LaserLaB - Energy
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Indoles ,Light ,Energy transfer ,Context (language use) ,Plant Science ,Isoindoles ,Photosynthesis ,Photochemistry ,Biochemistry ,Electron Transport ,Electron transfer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectrum Analysis ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Carotenoids ,Coupling (electronics) ,Kinetics ,chemistry ,Energy Transfer ,Chemical physics ,Excited state ,Phthalocyanine ,SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation ,Excitation - Abstract
In two recent studies, energy transfer was reported in certain phthalocyanine-carotenoid dyads between the optically forbidden first excited state of carotenoids (Car S(1)) and phthalocyanines (Pcs) in the direction Pc → Car S(1) (Kloz et al., J Am Chem Soc 133:7007-7015, 2011) as well as in the direction Car S(1) → Pc (Liao et al., J Phys Chem A 115:4082-4091, 2011). In this article, we show that the extent of this energy transfer in both directions is closely correlated in these dyads. This correlation and the additional observation that Car S(1) is instantaneously populated after Pc excitation provides evidence that in these compounds excitonic interactions can occur. Besides pure energy transfer and electron transfer, this is the third type of tetrapyrrole-carotenoid interaction that has been shown to occur in these model compounds and that has previously been proposed as a photosynthetic regulation mechanism. We discuss the implications of these models for photosynthetic regulation. The findings are also discussed in the context of a model in which both electronic states are disordered and in which the strength of the electronic coupling determines whether energy transfer, excitonic coupling, or electron transfer occurs.
- Published
- 2012
61. Mixture model for sampling efficiency of an alternating poisson process
- Author
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Elinor S. Pape and Pen-Yuan Liao
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Statistics and Probability ,Binomial distribution ,Exponential distribution ,Statistics ,Sampling design ,Poisson sampling ,Sampling (statistics) ,Slice sampling ,Bernoulli sampling ,Mixture model ,Mathematics - Abstract
The efficiency of mixture distributions for sampling an alternating Poisson process (0,1 observations) is evaluated by the inverse ratio of the variance of the proportion estimate, p, to the binomial variance. The variance ratio presented by D.R.Cox (in Renewal Theory) for fixed interval sampling is generalized to accommodate a mixture of fixed interval and random sampling. The result is a sampling design tool allowing for quantifications of the effect of various spacings between observations and various mixtures. Direct application is made to the field of work sampling where the mixture model appears to be more practical than the fixed interval delay followe by random interval model previously presented by Pape.
- Published
- 1994
62. Two-photon study on the electronic interactions between the first excited singlet states in carotenoid-tetrapyrrole dyads
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Smitha Pillai, Devens Gust, Pen Nan Liao, Peter Walla, Thomas A. Moore, and Ana L. Moore
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chlorophyll ,Photons ,Double bond ,Light ,Molecular Structure ,Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ,Electrons ,Stereoisomerism ,Photochemistry ,Tetrapyrrole ,Fluorescence ,Carotenoids ,Light-harvesting complex ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tetrapyrroles ,Excited state ,Molecule ,Quantum Theory ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Excitation - Abstract
Electronic interactions between the first excited states (S(1)) of carotenoids (Car) of different conjugation lengths (8-11 double bonds) and phthalocyanines (Pc) in different Car-Pc dyad molecules were investigated by two-photon spectroscopy and compared with Car S(1)-chlorophyll (Chl) interactions in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes (LHCs). The observation of Chl/Pc fluorescence after selective two-photon excitation of the Car S(1) state allowed sensitive monitoring of the flow of energy between Car S(1) and Pc or Chl. It is found that two-photon excitation excites to about 80% to 100% exclusively the carotenoid state Car S(1) and that only a small fraction of direct tetrapyrrole two-photon excitation occurs. Amide-linked Car-Pc dyads in tetrahydrofuran demonstrate a molecular gear shift mechanism in that effective Car S(1) → Pc energy transfer is observed in a dyad with 9 double bonds in the carotenoid, whereas in similar dyads with 11 double bonds in the carotenoid, the Pc fluorescence is strongly quenched by Pc → Car S(1) energy transfer. In phenylamino-linked Car-Pc dyads in toluene extremely large electronic interactions between the Car S(1) state and Pc were observed, particularly in the case of a dyad in which the carotenoid contained 10 double bonds. This observation together with previous findings in the same system provides strong evidence for excitonic Car S(1)-Pc Q(y) interactions. Very similar results were observed with photosynthetic LHC II complexes in the past, supporting an important role of such interactions in photosynthetic down-regulation.
- Published
- 2011
63. Photoprotection in Plants Involves a Change in Lutein 1 Binding Domain in the Major Light-harvesting Complex of Photosystem II
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Cristian Ilioaia, Matthew P. Johnson, Pen-Nan Liao, Bruno Robert, Rienk van Grondelle, Andrew A. Pascal, Peter Walla, Alexander V. Ruban, Système membranaires, photobiologie, stress et détoxication (SMPSD), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (IBITECS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Biophysics Photosynthesis/Energy, and LaserLaB - Energy
- Subjects
Lutein ,Circular dichroism ,Photosystem II ,Arabidopsis ,Bioenergetics ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Light-harvesting complex ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neoxanthin ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Molecular Biology ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Binding Sites ,Photosystem II Protein Complex ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,[SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics ,chemistry ,Photoprotection ,Chlorophyll ,sense organs - Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the fundamental process by which plants exposed to high light intensities dissipate the potentially harmful excess energy as heat. Recently, it has been shown that efficient energy dissipation can be induced in the major light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II (LHCII) in the absence of protein-protein interactions. Spectroscopic measurements on these samples (LHCII gels) in the quenched state revealed specific alterations in the absorption and circular dichroism bands assigned to neoxanthin and lutein 1 molecules. In this work, we investigate the changes in conformation of the pigments involved in NPQ using resonance Raman spectroscopy. By selective excitation we show that, as well as the twisting of neoxanthin that has been reported previously, the lutein 1 pigment also undergoes a significant change in conformation when LHCII switches to the energy dissipative state. Selective two-photon excitation of carotenoid (Car) dark states (Car S(1)) performed on LHCII gels shows that the extent of electronic interactions between Car S(1) and chlorophyll states correlates linearly with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, as observed previously for isolated LHCII (aggregated versus trimeric) and whole plants (with versus without NPQ).
- Published
- 2011
64. Simultaneous Measurement of the Full-Field Aberration
- Author
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Pen I. Liao and Chao Wen Liang
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Physics ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Measure (physics) ,Physics::Optics ,Full field ,eye diseases ,law.invention ,Lens (optics) ,Optics ,Tilt (optics) ,law ,sense organs ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,business - Abstract
A modified grating-slit test is shown to measure the full-field aberration at multi fields simultaneously by adding a slit-lens matching array. Experimental results shows sensitivity to observe changing off-axis aberration of a tilt lens.
- Published
- 2010
65. On the regulation of photosynthesis by excitonic interactions between carotenoids and chlorophylls
- Author
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Claudia C. Quentmeier, Stefan Bode, Laura Wilk, Tiago Barros, Pen-Nan Liao, Florian Bittner, Peter Walla, and Nour Hafi
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Chlorophyll ,Photosystem II ,Light ,Arabidopsis ,Photosynthesis ,Photochemistry ,Models, Biological ,Fluorescence ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,Carotenoid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Photons ,Multidisciplinary ,Quenching (fluorescence) ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Photosystem II Protein Complex ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Carotenoids ,Zeaxanthin ,Kinetics ,chemistry ,Energy Transfer ,Spectrophotometry ,Physical Sciences - Abstract
Selective 2-photon excitation (TPE) of carotenoid dark states, Car S 1 , shows that in the major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII), the extent of electronic interactions between carotenoid dark states (Car S 1 ) and chlorophyll (Chl) states, φ Coupling Car S 1 −Chl , correlates linearly with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under different experimental conditions. Simultaneously, a linear correlation between both Chl fluorescence quenching and φ Coupling Car S 1 −Chl with the intensity of red-shifted bands in the Chl Q y and carotenoid absorption was also observed. These results suggest quenching excitonic Car S 1 −Chl states as origin for the observed effects. Furthermore, real time measurements of the light-dependent down- and up-regulation of the photosynthetic activity and φ Coupling Car S 1 −Chl in wild-type and mutant ( npq1 , npq2 , npq4 , lut2 and WT + PsbS ) Arabidopsis thaliana plants reveal that also in vivo the quenching parameter NPQ correlates always linearly with the extent of electronic Car S 1 –Chl interactions in any adaptation status. Our in vivo measurements with Arabidopsis variants show that during high light illumination, φ Coupling Car S 1 −Chl depends on the presence of PsbS and zeaxanthin (Zea) in an almost identical way as NPQ. In summary, these results provide clear evidence for a very close link between electronic Car S 1 –Chl interactions and the regulation of photosynthesis. These findings support a photophysical mechanism in which short-living, low excitonic carotenoid–chlorophyll states serve as traps and dissipation valves for excess excitation energy.
- Published
- 2009
66. Impact of an audit program and other factors on door-to-balloon times in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients destined for primary coronary intervention
- Author
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Chao-Lun Lai, Kuang-Chau Tsai, Shu-Hsun Chu, Chi-Yu Yang, Pen-Chih Liao, Chieh-Min Fan, and Kuo-Liong Chien
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac Catheterization ,Time Factors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Myocardial Infarction ,Taiwan ,Infarction ,Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ,Medical Records ,Electrocardiography ,Risk Factors ,Angioplasty ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Myocardial infarction ,Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ,Cardiac catheterization ,Aged ,Medical Audit ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Medical record ,General Medicine ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Emergency Medicine ,Door-to-balloon ,Cardiology ,Linear Models ,Female ,Myocardial infarction diagnosis ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Thrombasthenia - Abstract
Objectives: This before–after study investigated the association between an audit program and door-to-balloon times in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and explored other factors associated with the door-to-balloon time. Methods: An audit program that collected time data for essential time intervals in acute STEMI was developed with data feedback to both the Department of Emergency Medicine and the Department of Cardiology. The door-to-balloon times for 76 consecutive acute STEMI patients were collected from February 16, 2007, through October 31, 2007, after the implementation of the audit program, as the intervention group. The control group was defined by 104 consecutive acute STEMI patients presenting from April 1, 2006, through February 15, 2007, before the audit was applied. A multivariate linear regression model was used for analysis of factors associated with the door-to-balloon time. Results: The geometric mean 95% CI of the door-to-balloon time decreased from 164.9 (150.3, 180.9) minutes to 141.9 (127.4, 158.2) minutes (p = 0.039) in the intervention phase. The median door-to-balloon time was 147.5 minutes in the control group and 136.0 minutes in the intervention group (p = 0.09). In the multivariate regression model, the audit program was associated with a shortening of the door-to-balloon time by 35.5 minutes (160.4 minutes vs. 195.9 minutes, p = 0.004); female gender was associated with a mean delay of 58.4 minutes (208.9 minutes vs. 150.5 minutes; p = 0.001); posterolateral wall infarction was associated with a mean delay of 70.5 minutes compared to anterior wall infarction (215.4 minutes vs. 144.9 minutes; p = 0.037) and a mean delay of 69.5 minutes compared to inferior wall infarction (215.4 minutes vs. 145.9 minutes; p = 0.044). The use of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor was associated with a 46.1 minutes mean shortening of door-to-balloon time (155.7 minutes vs. 201.8 minutes; p
- Published
- 2009
67. Optimal pricing strategy for queuing systems with balking loss and reneging loss
- Author
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Leewen Tyan and Pen-Yuan Liao
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,Queueing theory ,Actuarial science ,Computer science ,Server ,Profit (economics) - Abstract
The lost profit from lost business is quite difficult to be estimated for the queuing systems with cyclic demands. My previous work presented a creative and effective approach to formulate waiting cost as balking loss plus reneging loss. Using the estimation of waiting cost may allow decision makers to have the capability to determine the optimal number of servers for each planning period. Unfortunately, some queuing systems have trouble in extending the number of servers to earn more profit. Hence, an alternative way, the optimal pricing strategy, can be used to solve this capacity constraint problem. In this paper, the balking index and reneging index are introduced and formulated with discount level as three key parameters on maximizing the total profit.
- Published
- 2007
68. Acid-base interpretation can be the predictor of outcome among patients with acute organophosphate poisoning before hospitalization
- Author
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Yao-Lung Liu, Che-Yi Chou, Po-Wen Lin, Ya-Fei Yang, Pen-Yuan Liao, Jiung-Hsiun Liu, and Hsin-Hung Lin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Resuscitation ,Acid-Base Imbalance ,Organophosphate poisoning ,Organophosphate Poisoning ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Acidosis ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Poisoning ,Metabolic acidosis ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Acute toxicity ,Hospitalization ,Respiratory acidosis ,Logistic Models ,Treatment Outcome ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,Acidosis, Respiratory ,medicine.symptom ,Blood Gas Analysis ,business - Abstract
Acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning causing alteration in acid-base equilibrium was reported before. Hence, different acid-base statuses may present in patients with acute poisoning due to OP exposure. This study aims to determine the impact of acid-base interpretation in patients with acute OP poisoning before hospitalization in medical care units and to describe the pattern of mortality with different acid-base statuses.Over a 9-year retrospective study, from July 1996 to August 2005, a total of 82 consecutive patients with acute OP poisoning were admitted to the China Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan) within 24 hours after exposure to OP and were enrolled into this study.Patients with acute OP poisoning were divided into 4 groups: without acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, and mixed acidosis. Overall survival (Kaplan-Meier curves) among groups was statistically significant (P.0001). The mortality rate of acute OP poisoned patients with metabolic acidosis was 25%, and 75% of those patients died of cardiovascular failure. The mortality rate of acute OP poisoning with respiratory acidosis was 50%, and 50% of those patients died of respiratory failure.Acid-base interpretation can be effective in quick diagnosis and prediction of the outcome of patients with acute OP poisoning (without acidosismetabolic acidosisrespiratory acidosismixed acidosis) before hospitalization. Major causes of death are different between the respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis groups of patients with acute OP poisoning.
- Published
- 2007
69. Increased seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in patients with hematological disorders
- Author
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Yuan-Ming Lee, Pen-Tung Liao, Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo, Wen-Hui Tsai, Ming-Der Liu, Hui-Chi Hsu, Yu Ru Kou, and Chi Kuan Ho
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pleural effusion ,Population ,Antibodies, Viral ,Myeloproliferative Disorders ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Aplastic anemia ,education ,Multiple myeloma ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Bone marrow failure ,Age Factors ,virus diseases ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Herpesviridae Infections ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Fibrosis ,Hematologic Diseases ,Lymphoma ,Leukemia ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,Female ,business - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been consistently linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma and many hematological diseases such as pleural effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease, some lymphoproliferative diseases and posttransplantation bone marrow failure. However, whether patients with hematological disorders are at a higher risk of HHV8 infection has not been determined. In this study, indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect antibodies against lytic antigens of HHV8 in 265 patients with hematological disorders. Our data showed that 24.5% of patients (65/265) were seropositive for HHV8 IgG antibody, which was significantly higher than in our general population (p < 0.001). A significantly higher seropositive rate can be found in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, autoimmune cytopenias and myeloproliferative disorders, but not in patients with myeloma or aplastic anemia. No difference in the seropositive rate is associated with gender or age. We conclude that some patients with hematological disorders are at a higher risk of HHV8 infection.
- Published
- 2004
70. Dynamic trading strategy learning model using learning classifier systems
- Author
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Jiah-Shing Chen and Pen-Yang Liao
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Artificial neural network ,Active learning (machine learning) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Stability (learning theory) ,Pairs trade ,Online machine learning ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Evolutionary computation ,Profit (economics) ,Trading strategy ,Instance-based learning ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Classifier (UML) ,computer - Abstract
Current trading strategy learning models often proceed in three separate phases, i.e., training, validation, and application (testing). After a specific time span of application, a new learning process is started to adapt the trading strategy to the new environment states. The time span of application is usually fixed and determined according to experiences. This may result in earning losses as compared to the perfect trading strategy which trades at each turning point of the stock price movement. Some learning methods, such as neural networks, are hard to explain intuitively and unstable in some dynamic environment states. Other learning models like simple genetic algorithms result in a single trading rule which is applied for a specific time span without being adapted even when the environment has changed. This paper adopts learning classifier systems (LCSs) technique to provide a dynamic trading strategy learning model (DTSLM), which makes continuous and instant learning while executing real prediction and produces a trading rule set to deal with different environment states. The simulation results show that this model could get a remarkable trading profit.
- Published
- 2002
71. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging of Subacute Stent Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Author
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Pen-Chin Liao, Yu-Chien Shiau, Ya-Chin Tsai, and Ruoh-Fang Yen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Coronary Thrombosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Blood Vessel Prosthesis ,Myocardial perfusion imaging ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Stents ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Stent thrombosis ,Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ,Radionuclide Imaging ,business - Published
- 2008
72. CERVICAL SPINAL OSTEOMYELITIS WITH EPIDURAL ABSCESS: A RARE COMPLICATION AFTER INTERFERON THERAPY FOLLOWING ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
- Author
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Pen-Yuan Liao, Jiung-Hsiun Liu, Yao-Lung Liu, and Po-Wen Lin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidural abscess ,Interferon therapy ,MEDLINE ,Interferon alpha-2 ,Antiviral Agents ,medicine ,Humans ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Pyelonephritis ,business.industry ,Osteomyelitis ,Interferon-alpha ,General Medicine ,Hepatitis C ,Hepatitis C, Chronic ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Recombinant Proteins ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidural Abscess ,Nephrology ,Acute Disease ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Female ,Spinal Diseases ,Complication ,business ,Cervical vertebrae - Published
- 2007
73. Rapid Early Triage by Leukocytosis and the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
- Author
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Yen-Ting Yeh, Cheng-Wei Liu, Ai-Hsien Li, Shin-Rong Ke, Yuan-Hung Liu, Kuo-Chin Chen, Pen-Chih Liao, and Yen-Wen Wu
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Myocardial triglyceride content at 3 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance and left ventricular systolic function: a cross-sectional study in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure.
- Author
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Pen-An Liao, Gigin Lin, Shang-Yueh Tsai, Chao-Hung Wang, Yu-Hsiang Juan, Yu-Ching Lin, Ming-Ting Wu, Lan-Yan Yang, Min-Hui Liu, Tsun-Ching Chang, Yu-Chun Lin, Yu-Chieh Huang, Pei-Ching Huang, Jiun-Jie Wang, Shu-Hang Ng, and Koon-Kwan Ng
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *HEART , *HEART failure , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Background: Increased myocardial triglyceride (TG) content has been recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its relation with cardiac function in patients on recovery from acute heart failure (HF) remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to investigate the association between myocardial TG content measured on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) and left ventricular (LV) function assessed on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who were hospitalized with HF. Methods: A total of 50 patients who were discharged after hospitalization for acute HF and 21 age- and sex- matched controls were included in the study. Myocardial TG content and LV parameters (function and mass) were measured on a 3.0 T MR scanner. Fatty acid (FA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was normalized against water (W) using the LC-Model algorithm. The patient population was dichotomized according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, <50 % or ≥ 50 %). Results: H-MRS data were available for 48 patients and 21 controls. Of the 48 patients, 25 had a LVEF <50 % (mean, 31.2 %), whereas the remaining 23 had a normal LVEF (mean, 60.2 %). Myocardial UFA/W ratio was found to differ significantly in patients with low LVEF, normal LVEF, and controls (0.79 % vs. 0.21 % vs. 0.14 %, respectively, = 0.02). p The myocardial UFA/TG ratio was associated with LV mass ( = 0.39, < 0.001) and modestly related to LV end-diastolic r p volume (LVEDV; = 0.24, = 0.039). We also identified negative correlations of the myocardial FA/TG ratio with both LV r p mass ( = -0.39, < 0.001) and LVEDV ( = -0.24, = 0.039). r p r p Conclusions: As compared with controls, patients who were discharged after hospitalization for acute HF had increased myocardial UFA content; furthermore, UFA was inversely related with LVEF, LV mass and, to a lesser extent, LVEDV. Our study may stimulate further research on the measure of myocardial UFA content by ¹H-MRS for outcome prediction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02378402. Registered 27/02/2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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75. Dial-up remote access image database
- Author
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Horng-Ren Chang, Chung-Ding Ho, Ming-Houng Tsai, Wern-Sheng Shieh, Pen-Kung Liao, Rong-Hauh Ju, and Su-Ming Lee
- Subjects
Database server ,Multimedia ,Database ,Image quality ,Color image ,Computer science ,Dial-up Internet access ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Communications server ,computer.software_genre ,Upload ,Videotex ,computer ,Image compression - Abstract
In this paper, a prototyping system for dial-up remote access image database is proposed. As a videotex system, the system includes Information Customer, Information Provider, Communication Server, Public Switch Telephone Networks, and a database server containing an image database. Because the color natural image is included in the database, the high resolution visual medium are given and many possible applications can be provided. Currently, a color image with a resolution of 400 by 400 can be accessed in about 25 seconds by using JPEG compression and high-speed modem. The system can be employed on many applications, such as home-shopping, remote education, etc. Also, it can be a pioneer system to provide teleservice in Integrated Serve Digital Network.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
- Published
- 1994
76. Inappropriate Defibrillator Discharges Caused by an Unusual Interaction Between an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and a Pacemaker
- Author
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Ling Ping Lai, Shoei K. Stephen Huang, Jiunn Lee Lin, and Pen-Chih Liao
- Subjects
Male ,Pacemaker, Artificial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Middle Aged ,Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ,Defibrillators, Implantable ,Heart Block ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Tachycardia, Ventricular ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Equipment Failure ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2002
77. A queuing model with balking index and reneging rate
- Author
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Pen Yuan Liao
- Subjects
Queueing theory ,Index (economics) ,Operations research ,law ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Service level ,Customer satisfaction ,Operations management ,Linkage (mechanical) ,Business ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention - Abstract
This paper presents a queuing model for estimating business loss, although business loss is quite difficult to estimate. Balking index and reneging rate are used in the model to represent different configurations of balking behaviour and reneging behaviour respectively for different queuing systems. Using balking index and reneging rate enables decision makers to have the capability to estimate the incurred business loss for different values of balking index, reneging rate and service level. This model is an effective tool for linking the phases of operations management and perceptions management. With this linkage, managers can decide how to utilise these management techniques to reduce business loss and enhance customer satisfaction.
- Published
- 2011
78. Optimal staffing policy for queueing systems with cyclic demands
- Author
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Pen Yuan Liao
- Subjects
Queueing theory ,Operations research ,Total cost ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Server ,Staffing ,Profitability index ,Business ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Decision maker ,Queue ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Profit (economics) - Abstract
Although the profit loss from business resulting from queueing systems is quite difficult to estimate, this paper presents a creative and effective approach to formulating balking loss as waiting cost. The number of balking customers is estimated as the balking index θ multiplied by the expected queue length Lq and the mean arrival rate in that planning period λ. Estimating balking loss enables the decision maker to determine the optimal number of servers by minimising total cost, including service cost and balking loss. The practicality and the incurred benefits of this approach were analysed by using collected data from a fast food restaurant, using the SIPP M/M/S:(FCFS/∞/∞) queueing model. The results showed that this approach is an effective tool for aiding managers in formulating the optimal staffing policies of service systems.
- Published
- 2010
79. P-1 Remodeling of Myocardial Gap Junctions and its Correlation with Cardiac Contractility in Diabetic Rats
- Author
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Ho-Tsung Hsin, Yung-Zu Tseng, Pen-Chih Liao, Dong-Feng Yeih, Kuo-Chin Chen, and Ai-Hsian Li
- Subjects
Community and Home Care ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac output ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Diastole ,Dilated cardiomyopathy ,medicine.disease ,Contractility ,QRS complex ,Heart failure ,Internal medicine ,Strain rate imaging ,medicine ,Ventricular pressure ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
not available at time of printing. Poster Sessions 1: Heart Failure/Myocardial Diseases P-1 Remodeling of Myocardial Gap Junctions and its Correlation with Cardiac Contractility in Diabetic Rats Dong-Feng Yeih1, Pen-Chih Liao1, Ho-Tsung Hsin1, Kuo-Chin Chen1, Ai-Hsian Li1, Yung-Zu Tseng2. 1Department of Cardiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, 2Department of Cardiology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Introduction: Gap junctions play an essential role in coupling adjacent cardiomyocytes, ensuring organized propagation of action potential and synchronizing beating in cardiomyocytes. However, it remains unclear that temporal remodeling of myocardial gap junctions and its relation to cardiac contractility in diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighing 250 to 300 grams, were randomized to injection with either vehicle or streptozotocin (50mg, IP). Invasive hemodynamic studies with simultaneous recordings of left ventricular pressure and aortic flow signals were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection. Maximal systolic elastance (Emax) and maximum theoretical flow (Qmax) were assessed by curve fitting techniques; protein expression of non-phosphorylated Cx43 (P0) and total amount of Cx43 (T) in the left ventricle by western blotting analysis. Results: Emax was significantly lower in diabetic rats than in controls and Emax was significantly depressed with time in diabetic groups. On the other hand, Qmax was preserved and cardiac output was maintained in diabetic rats. Protein expression of total Cx43 was persistently attenuated in diabetic groups, while P0 was enhanced at 8 and 12 weeks after injection. The ratio of P0 to T was significantly increased with time, which correlated well with the declines in Emax in diabetic rats. Conclusions: Temporal remodeling of myocardial gap junctions, with persistently lower total Cx43 and gradually increased non-phosphorylated Cx43 and the ratio of P0 to T, occurred in the evolution of systolic dysfunction in diabetic rats. P-2 Quantification of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dynamics in Normal and Diseased Myocardium by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Kaoru Dohi1, Katsuya Onishi2, Takeshi Takamura1, Emiyo Sugiura1, Hiroshi Nakajima1, Kazuhide Ichikawa1, Masaki Tanabe1, Hiroya Tamada1, Masatoshi Miyahara1, Mashio Nakamura1, Masaaki Ito1. 1Department of Cardiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, 2Department of Molecular and Laboratory Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Background: The present study aimed to quantify left ventricular (LV) diastolic dynamics and to elucidate their relations to systolic properties in normal and diseased myocardium. Methods: 50 patients with hypertensive LV hypertrophy (LVH: EF 61±8%, QRS 96±16ms), 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM: EF 31±10%, QRS 121±32ms), and 50 normal controls (Control: EF 5±6%, QRS 89±9ms) had echo-study with speckle-tracking strain and strain rate imaging. To quantify LV diastolic relaxation and segmental synchrony, global peak relaxation rate (PRR) during early diastole and standard deviation (SD) of the 18 segmental time-to-PRR (TPRR-SD) were calculated from apical 4-, 2-, and long axis views. To elucidate the relations between diastolic and systolic properties, global peak systolic strain (PSS) and SD of the segmental time-to-peak PSS (TPSS-SD) were also evaluated. Results: LV relaxation and diastolic synchrony were significantly impaired in LVH and was more prominent in DCM (PRR: 0.8±0.3* 1/s in LVH, 0.5±0.2*# 1/s in DCM, and 1.2±0.3 1/s in Control, TPRR-SD: 55±16*ms in LVH, 79±35*# ms in DCM, and 42±13ms in Control, *p < 0.05 vs. Control and #p < 0.05 vs. LVH, respectively). There were strong correlations between PSS and PRR, and TPRR-SD and TPSS-SD (r = 0.83 and r = 0.83, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Speckle-tracking echocardiography quantified LV diastolic dynamics and exhibited the strong relation to systolic properties.
- Published
- 2009
80. S32-6 THE APPLICATION OF OXYGEN SATURATION OF CENTRAL VENOUS BLOOD (SCVO2) IN COMPLICATED ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AS A PROBABLE DISEASE MONITOR
- Author
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Chi-Yu Yang, Yui-Wei Chui, Chao-Lun Lai, Ho-Tsung Hsin, Pen-Chih Liao, and Dong-Feng Yeih
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Acute coronary syndrome ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Venous blood ,Disease ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business ,Oxygen saturation (medicine) - Published
- 2007
81. Optimal pricing strategy for queuing systems with balking loss and reneging loss.
- Author
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Pen-Yuan Liao and Leewen Tyan
- Published
- 2007
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82. P10-06 An uncommon cause of acute coronary syndrome: coronary arteriovenous fistula — A case report
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Ai-Hsien Li, Shu-Hsun Chu, and Pen-Chih Liao
- Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Coronary arteriovenous fistula ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2004
83. Direct interaction of the major light-harvesting complex II and PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching.
- Author
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Wilk, Laura, Grunwald, Matthias, Pen-Nan Liao, Walla, Peter Jomo, and Kühlbrandt, Werner
- Subjects
PHOTOSYSTEM II inhibitors ,XANTHOPHYLLS ,ZEAXANTHIN ,PHOTOSYSTEMS ,FLUORESCENCE quenching ,BILAYER lipid membranes ,LIPOSOMES - Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS) plays a key role in nonphotochemical quenching, a photoprotective mechanism for dissipation of excess excitation energy in plants. The precise function of PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching is unknown. By reconstituting PsbS together with the major light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII) and the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zea) into proteoliposomes, we have tested the individual contributions of PSII complexes and Zea to chlorophyll (ChI) fluorescence quenching in a membrane environment. We demonstrate that PsbS is stable in the absence of pigments in vitro. Significant ChI fluorescence quenching of reconstituted LHC-II was observed in the presence of PsbS and Zea, although neither Zea nor PsbS alone was sufficient to induce the same quenching. Coreconstitution with PsbS resulted in the formation of LHC-II/PsbS heterodimers, indicating their direct interaction in the lipid bilayer. Two-photon excitation measurements on liposomes containing LHC-II, PsbS, and Zea showed an increase of electronic interactions between carotenoid S
1 and ChI states, ..., that correlated directly with Chi fluorescence quenching. These findings are in agreement with a carotenoid-dependent ChI fluorescence quenching by direct interactions of LHCs of PSII with PsbS monomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
84. Robust control design for precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric system with consideration of microscopic hysteresis effects.
- Author
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Chao, Paul C.-P., Pen-Yen Liao, Meng-Yen Tsai, and Chin-Teng Lin
- Subjects
- *
PIEZOELECTRIC materials , *PIEZOELECTRICITY , *HYSTERESIS , *ELECTROMAGNETIC induction , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
This study performs precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric structure against hysteresis effects by finite elements, microscopic hysteresis cancellation and robust H compensation. The designed control algorithm is expected to be effective in enhancing servo performance of hard disk drives. The precision positioning is accomplished by adding a polarization term into the linear constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials. This polarization term is then described by the well-known Preisach model. Applying basic principles of finite elements and Hamilton's thoery, the macroscopic governing equations of an arbitrary piezoelectric system in finite elements are obtained. Based on the macro-model, a controller consisting of two parts is designed to perform the precision positioning of a generic piezo-structure. The first part is responsible for direct hysteresis cancellation at the microscopic level, while the second one is a robust H controller to overcome inevitable cancellation errors. In this way, the control effort is then more effective than the conventional PI and double-lead controller without microscopic hysteresis cancellation. A simple piezoelectric structure of a bender-bimorph cantilever beam is considered for designs and experimental validation. Based on experimental results, the proposed control design is found effective to suppress hysteresis effects as opposed to conventional controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
85. Two-Photon Study on the Electronic Interactions between the First Excited Singlet States in Carotenoid-Tetrapyrrole Dyads.
- Author
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Pen-Nan Liao, Pillai, Smitha, Gust, Devens, Moore, Thomas A., Moore, Ana L., and Walla, Peter J.
- Subjects
- *
CAROTENOIDS , *PHOTONS , *TETRAPYRROLES , *SPECTRUM analysis , *FLUORESCENCE , *TETRAHYDROFURAN - Abstract
Electronic interactions between the first excited states (S1) of carotenoids (Car) of different conjugation lengths (8- 11 double bonds) and phthalocyanines (Pc) in different Car-Pc dyad molecules were investigated by two-photon spectroscopy and compared with Car S1-chlorophyll (Ch1) interactions in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes (LHCs). The observation of Chl/Pc fluorescence after selective two- photon excitation of the Car S1, state allowed sensitive monitoring of the flow of energy between Car S1 and Pc or Chl. It is found that two-photon excitation excites to about 80% to 100% exclusively the carotenoid state Car S1and that only a small fraction of direct tetrapyrrole two-photon excitation occurs. Amide-linked Car-Pc dyads in tetrahydrofuran demonstrate a molecular gear shift mechanism in that effective Car S1 → Pc energy transfer is observed in a dyad with 9 double bonds in the carotenoid, whereas in similar dyads with 11 double bonds in the carotenoid, the Pc fluorescence is strongly quenched by Pc → Car S1 energy transfer. In phenylamino-linked Car-Pc dyads in toluene extremely large electronic interactions between the Car S1 state and Pc were observed, particularly in the case of a dyad in which the carotenoid contained 10 double bonds. This observation together with previous findings in the same system provides strong evidence for excitonic Car S1-Pc CL interactions. Very similar results were observed with photosynthetic LHC II complexes in the past, supporting an important role of such interactions in photosynthetic down-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Correlation of Car S1â Chl with Chl â Car S1Energy Transfer Supports the Excitonic Model in Quenched Light Harvesting Complex II.
- Author
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Pen-Nan Liao, Christoph-Peter Holleboom, Laura Wilk, Werner KuÌhlbrandt, and Peter J. Walla
- Subjects
- *
CAROTENOIDS , *PHOTOSYNTHESIS , *ENERGY transfer , *MATHEMATICAL models , *CHLOROPHYLL , *PHOTOSYNTHETIC reaction centers , *ABSORPTION spectra - Abstract
Recently, excitonic carotenoidâchlorophyll interactions have been proposed as a simple but effective model for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in plants. The model was proposed on the basis of quenching-correlated electronic carotenoidâchlorophyll interactions (Car S1â Chl) determined by Car S1two-photon excitation and red-shifted absorption bands. However, if excitonic interactions are indeed responsible for this effect, a simultaneous correlation of quenching with increased energy transfer in the opposite direction, Chl Qyâ Car S1, should be observed. Here we present a systematic study on the correlation of Car S1â Chl and Chl â Car S1energy transfer with the occurrence of red-shifted bands and quenching in isolated LHCII. We found a direct correlation between all four phenomena, supporting our conclusion that excitonic Car S1âChl interactions provide low-lying states serving as energy traps and dissipative valves for excess excitation energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
87. On the regulation of photosynthesis by excitonic interactions betweefl carotenoids and chlorophylls.
- Author
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Bodea, Stefan, Quentmeier, Claudia C., Pen-Nan Liao, Hafi, Nour, Barros, Tiago, Wilk, Laura, Bittner, Florian, and Walla, Peter J.
- Subjects
PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,ACTION spectrum ,CAROTENOIDS ,BIOLOGICAL pigments ,RADIOACTIVITY - Abstract
Selective 2-photon excitation (TPE) of carotenoid dark states, Car S
1 , shows that in the major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII), the extent of electronic interactions between carotenoid dark states (Car S1 ) and chlorophyll (Chl) states. ɸCar S 1 -ChlCoupling , correlates linearly with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under different experimental conditions. Simultaneously, a linear correlation between both ChI fluorescence quenching and ɸCar S 1 -ChlCoupling with the intensity of red-shifted bands in the Cht Qy and carotenoid absorption was also observed. These results suggest quenching excitonic Car S1 -Chl states as origin for the observed effects. Furthermore, real time measurements of the light-dependent downand up-regulation of the photosynthetic activity and ɸCar S 1 -ChlCoupling in wild-type and mutant (npq1, npq2, npq4, lut2 and WT+PsbS) Arabidopsis thaliana plants reveal that also in vivo the quenching parameter NPQ correlates always linearly with the extent of electronic Car S1 -Chl interactions in any adaptation status. Our in vivo measurements with Arabidopsis variants show that during high light illumination, ɸCar S 1 -ChlCoupling depends on the presence of PsbS and zeaxanthin (Zea) in an almost identical way as NPQ. In summary, these results provide clear evidence for a very close link between electronic Car S1 -Chl interactions and the regulation of photosynthesis. These findings support a photophysical mechanism in which short-living, low excitonic carotenoidchlorophyll states serve as traps and dissipation valves for excess excitation energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Comparison with Various Parts of Broussonetia papyrifera as to the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Rodents.
- Author
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Li-Wei Lin, Hsin-Yu Chen, Chi-Rei Wu, Pen-Min Liao, Yu-Tai Lin, Ming-Tsuen Hsieh, and Hui Ching
- Subjects
FORMALDEHYDE ,EDEMA ,INFLAMMATION ,BROUSSONETIA ,MORACEAE - Abstract
The article presents the study which compared the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of various parts of Broussonetki papyrifera (L.) L'Herit. ex Vent. (BP, Moraceae) by chemical-induced pain and inflammation in rodents. The BP radix, leaf, and fruit effectively inhibited the late-phase licking responses caused by 1% formalin. But only the BP radix and fruit reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan.
- Published
- 2008
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89. A Novel Microscopic Modeling on Hysteresis Effects on Piezoelectric Structures with Assistance from Finite Element.
- Author
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Chao, Paul C. -P., Pen-Yen Liao, and Jeng-Sheng Huang
- Abstract
A novel microscopic modeling technique is proposed to study the hysteresis effects on piezoceramic materials and structures using finite element method and a modified Preisach model where polarization term is added in the constitutive relationship to describe the microscopic hysteresis effects. A simple bimorph piezoceramic beam is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the present theory. The established modeling procedure is applicable to arbitrary piezoelectric structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Clinical application of Carlsson's questionnaire to predict erosive GERD among healthy Chinese.
- Author
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Chih-Sheng Hung, Chia-Long Lee, Jui-Neng Yang, Pen-Te Liao, Tien-Chien Tu, Tzen-Kwan Chen, and Chi-Hwa Wu
- Subjects
GASTROESOPHAGEAL reflux ,ESOPHAGUS diseases ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,BODY size ,BODY weight ,PEPTIC ulcer ,PERIODIC health examinations - Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disease, yet there is no definitive gold standard to describe and diagnose it. Aim: We used endoscopic examination and Carlsson's questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of erosive esophagitis during health examinations of individuals in Taiwan. Methods: From October 2001 to March 2002, 778 people underwent self-paid health examinations including esophagogastroduodenoscopic examinations. All subjects completed Carlsson's questionnaire before endoscopy. We determined the positive predict rate, negative predict rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the Carlsson's score for predicting esophagitis and relationships of the score (score ≥4 vs score <4) and esophagitis based on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, peptic ulcer and drinking habits. Results: One hundred and thirty-one people with scores ≥4 were highly suspected to have GERD. Of them, 21 were diagnosed as having reflux erosive esophagitis (16.0%) on endoscopic examination. Of 647 people whose scores were <4, 49 were diagnosed with having reflux erosive esophagitis (7.6%). Thus, 70 people were diagnosed as having erosive esophagitis for a prevalence of 9% (70 of 778). The difference between scores ≥4 and <4 to detect esophagitis differed significantly ( P < 0.001). Total esophagitis differed significantly according to BMI, drinking habit and sex. Conclusion: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is 9.00% at a single medical center in Taiwan. Esophagitis is positively related to higher BMI, alcohol consumption and being of male sex. Predicting the prevalence of esophagitis in a general population by using Carlsson's questionnaire was unsatisfactory. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. Increased Seroprevalence of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Patientswith Hematological Disorders.
- Author
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Wen-Hui Tsai, Yuan-Ming Lee, Ing-Tiau Kuo, Benjamin, Chi Kuan Ho, Pen-Tung Liao, Ming-Der Liu, Yu Ru Kou, and Hui-Chi Hsu
- Subjects
HERPESVIRUSES ,LEUKEMIA ,LYMPHOMAS ,MYELOMA proteins ,MYELOPROLIFERATIVE neoplasms - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been consistently linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma and many hematological diseases such as pleural effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease, some lymphoproliferative diseases and posttransplantation bone marrow failure. However, whether patients with hematological disorders are at a higher risk of HHV8 infection has not been determined. In this study, indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect antibodies against lytic antigens of HHV8 in 265 patients with hematological disorders. Our data showed that 24.5% of patients (65/265) were seropositive for HHV8 IgG antibody, which was significantly higher than in our general population (p < 0.001). A significantly higher seropositive rate can be found in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, autoimmune cytopenias and myeloproliferative disorders, but not in patients with myeloma or aplastic anemia. No difference in the seropositive rate is associated with gender or age. We conclude that some patients with hematological disorders are at a higher risk of HHV8 infection. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Parvovirus B19 infection in Taiwanese patients with hematological disorders.
- Author
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Yuan-Ming Lee, Wen-Hui Tsai, Jie-Yu You, Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo, Pen-Tung Liao, Chi-Kuan Ho, and Hui-Chi Hsu
- Published
- 2003
93. Hypertensive brain stem encephalopathy.
- Author
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Pen-Yuan Liao, Chien-Chang Lee, and Cheng-Yu Chen
- Abstract
A 48-year-old man presented with headache and extreme hypertension. Computed tomography showed diffuse brain stem hypodensity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse brain stem vasogenic edema. Hypertensive brain stem encephalopathy is an uncommon manifestation of hypertensive encephalopathy, which classically occurs at parietooccipital white matter. Because of its atypical location, the diagnosis can be challenging. Moreover, the coexistence of hypertension and brain stem edema could also direct clinicians toward a diagnosis of ischemic infarction, leading to a completely contradictory treatment goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Fixed--random mixture method for work sampling.
- Author
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Pen-Yuan Liao, James R. and Pape, Elinor S.
- Subjects
- *
WORK sampling , *TIME study , *STATISTICAL sampling , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *POISSON processes , *OBSERVATION (Educational method) - Abstract
This paper presents an approach to work sampling involving a mixture of fixed and random sampling. Fixed-interval sampling is more efficient in terms of providing more precise information for the same number of observations. Random sampling avoids the possibilities of sampling times being anticipated and the sampling schedule coinciding with some rhythm in the sampled process. Using a mixture of fixed and random sampling provides a smooth transition from fixed to random sampling and allows the practitioner to select a mixture level appropriate for his or her purposes. The efficiency of the mixture sampling method is analyzed by using an alternating Poisson process model for the sampled process. The mixture sampling method eliminates the observation-free period after every observation that was provided by the previously proposed delayed-sampling method. Although the mixture sampling method is slightly less efficient than the delayed-sampling method, its advantage is clear when anticipation of observation times is a concern, and it is always more efficient than random sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Rapidly Fatal Gas-Forming Pyogenic Psoas Abscess Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Author
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Pen-Yuan Liao, Wen-Chu Chiang, Shey-Ying Chen, Chan-Ping Su, Jin-Town Wang, and Po-Ren Hsueh
- Subjects
- *
LETTERS to the editor , *KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented regarding a case study of 78 year old man with fatal gas-forming pyodenic psoas abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of standardized capillary refill time in dogs is high following observer training.
- Author
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Claret, Aina, Gelendi, Stefania, Kendon Kuo, McMichael, Maureen, Gerken, Katherine, and Pen-Ting Liao
- Subjects
- *
INTER-observer reliability , *DOGS , *INTRACLASS correlation , *ORAL mucosa , *AUTOMATIC timers , *CAPILLARIES - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability of capillary refill time (CRT) measurement in dogs using a standardized technique after training. ANIMALS 20 dogs presented to the emergency room. METHODS Dogs presented to the emergency room were prospectively recruited. Using a timing device and standardized technique, CRT was measured at the oral mucosa of the inner lip. Measurements were performed by 2 emergency and critical care residents (observer 1 [Obl] and observer 2 [Ob2]) and repeated 3 times by each observer for each dog. CRT values and signalment were recorded. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were analyzed by calculation of the coefficient of variation (CV%), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and minimal detectable difference. Reliability was considered high if CV% was lower than 10% and ICC was between 0.9 and 1. RESULTS Median CRT for Obl was 1.22 seconds and for Ob2 was 1.19 seconds. Intraobserver reliability was high, evidenced by a median CV% of 6.2% (range, 1.0% to 18.6%) and 9.5% (range, 1.3% to 22.6%) and an ICC of 0.97 (95% Cl, 0.94 to 0.99) and 0.95 (95% Cl, 0.90 to 0.98) for Obl and Ob2, respectively. Between observers, the CV% was 4.4% (range, 0.8% to 17.5%) and the ICC was 0.98 (95% Cl, 0.94 to 0.99), indicating high interobserver reliability. The minimal detectable differences for intraobserver and interobserver were 0.30 and 0.34 seconds, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The reported high reliability of CRT despite its subjective nature enhances its usefulness in daily practice. However, further research on the validity of CRT is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. CERVICAL SPINAL OSTEOMYELITIS WITH EPIDURAL ABSCESS: A RARE COMPLICATION AFTER INTERFERON THERAPY FOLLOWING ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS.
- Author
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Jiung-Hsiun Liu, Po-Wen Lin, Yao-Lung Liu, and Pen-Yuan Liao
- Subjects
PYELONEPHRITIS ,CERVICAL vertebrae ,INTERVERTEBRAL disk ,INTERFERONS ,DRUG therapy ,URINALYSIS - Abstract
The article focuses on a case study of a 62-year-old female patient developing an acute pyelonephritis followed by spinal osteomyoelitis with edpidural abscess of the cervical spine. She had history of herniated intervertebral disc of the cervical spine and chronic hepatitis C, in which she had been treated through interferon therapy. Information regarding her physical examinations and treatments such urinalysis and chemotherapy is also discussed.
- Published
- 2007
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98. Inappropriate Defibrillator Discharges Caused by an Unusual Interaction Between an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and a Pacemaker.
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Pen-Chih Liao, Ling-Ping Lai, Jiunn-Lee Lin, Huang, Shoei K. Stephen, and Morady, Fred
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IMPLANTABLE cardioverter-defibrillators ,IMPLANTED cardiovascular instruments ,DEFIBRILLATORS ,CARDIAC pacemakers ,ELECTRIC stimulation ,CARDIAC pacing ,ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS ,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Presents a case report of inappropriate interaction between the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker in a patient. Medical history; Cause of electrical shocks from the patient's ICD; Assessment of the signals emanating from the patient's heart.
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- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Dynamic trading strategy learning model using learning classifier systems.
- Author
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Pen-Yang Liao and Jiah-Shing Chen
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- 2001
- Full Text
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100. Photoprotection in Plants Involves a Change in Lutein 1 Binding Domain in the Major Light-harvesting Complex of Photosystem II.
- Author
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Ilioaia, Cristian, Johnson, Matthew P., Pen-Nan Liao, Pascal, Andrew A., van Grondelle, Rienk, Walla, Peter J., Ruban, Alexander V., and Robert, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
CAROTENOIDS , *ENERGY dissipation , *PROTEIN-protein interactions , *SPECTRUM analysis , *DICHROISM - Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the fundamental process by which plants exposed to high light intensities dissipate the potentially harmful excess energy as heat. Recently, it has been shown that efficient energy dissipation can be induced in the major light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II (LHCII) in the absence of protein-protein interactions. Spectroscopic measurements on these samples (LHCII gels) in the quenched state revealed specific alterations in the absorption and circular dichroism bands assigned to neoxanthin and lutein 1 molecules. In this work, we investigate the changes in conformation of the pigments involved in NPQ using resonance Raman spectroscopy. By selective excitation we show that, as well as the twisting of neoxanthin that has been reported previously, the lutein 1 pigment also undergoes a significant change in conformation when LHCII switches to the energy dissipative state. Selective two-photon excitation of carotenoid (Car) dark states (Car S1) performed on LHCII gels shows that the extent of electronic interactions between Car S1 and chlorophyll states correlates linearly with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, as observed previously for isolated LHCII (aggregated versus trimeric) and whole plants (with versus without NPQ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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