Search

While thyroid disease is generally uncommon in rabbits and rodents, it is most frequently diagnosed in guinea pigs. Particularly, hyperthyroidism and thyroid neoplasms are diagnosed regularly in this species, while thyroid neoplasia is the most common thyroid disorder found in other rodents. Thyroid disease appears to be rare in rabbits, though modalities to reliably diagnose different disorders like hypothyroidism are currently lacking.

Zusammenfassung.Angesichts gestiegener Geflüchtetenzahlen und sich ändernder Regelungen zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung von Asylsuchenden ist anzunehmen, dass perspektivisch mehr niedergelassene Psychotherapeuten Geflüchtete behandeln werden. Bisher gibt es in Deutschland kaum Studien, die sich mit den Schwierigkeiten in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit mit Geflüchteten aus Sicht niedergelassener Psychotherapeuten befassen. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, diese Lücke zu schließen. Bundesweit wurden mit 20 niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten problemzentrierte Interviews geführt, die entsprechend den Prinzipien der Grounded Theory ausgewertet wurden. Insgesamt wurden acht Schwierigkeiten identifiziert, die das psychotherapeutische Setting beeinflussen: Die Lebensbedingungen von Asylsuchenden in Deutschland (1), die Finanzierung der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Geflüchteten (2), kulturelle Unterschiede (3), fehlende Vernetzung (4), die Arbeit mit Dolmetschern (5), das Hören von Berichten über traumatische Erlebnisse (6), die aktuelle Situation im Heimatland (7), sowie das Gesundheitssystem und das Jobcenter (8). Der Fokus auf kulturellen, sprachlichen und finanziellen Barrieren in bisherigen Untersuchungen wird von den befragten Psychotherapeuten um das Zusammenspiel mit weiteren Schwierigkeiten ergänzt. Abgeleitet aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen zur Erleichterung der Arbeit der niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten mit Geflüchteten ausgesprochen.

Organic farming is part of a sustainable development model; at the same time it is becoming a prerequisite for the multifunctional development of rural areas. The main aim of this study is to identify the state and analyse changes in the development of organic agriculture in Poland as well as to present the possibilities for its development. The time horizon of the study covers the years 2003 to 2015. The basis of the research was an analysis of the literature, the Report of the Chief Inspectorate of Trade Quality of Agriculture and Food (IJHARS), and national empirical research; it also includes an analysis of the results of surveys carried out on organic farms in the summer of 2016, as well as our own observations. The study showed that in the years 2003-2015 Poland saw a rapid increase in the number and area of organic farms due in part to the introduction of EU subsidies. Spatial analysis of the proportions of farms by voivodeship shows that in 2015 most were recorded in Warmia-Mazuria, Podlasie and West Pomerania. Similar to the increase in the number of organic farms, the years 2003-2015 saw an increased area of organic farmland. Poland is second in the world in terms of growth in the area of organic farms. In the years 2003-2014 the average size of an organic farm remained at about 25 ha and was higher than the average size of conventional farms (10 ha). In 2014 the crop structure was dominated by fodder plants (35.8%), and meadows and pastures (31.5%). In terms of livestock production, cattle and horses had the biggest share.

Limb fractures represent the most common orthopaedic disease in pet rabbits. However, only a few studies have evaluated therapeutic details of limb fractures. There are no data available for long‐term outcomes of limb fracture treatment. The medical records of six institutions were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of traumatic limb bone fractures in pet rabbits between 1999 and 2020. The medical records (n= 387) were analysed for details of fracture prevalence, aetiology, therapy protocols, treatment complications, outcome and long‐term effects. In addition to the retrospective data evaluation, 13 rabbits were re‐evaluated in person in recent clinical analyses, including orthopaedic examination, radiography and computed‐tomographic imaging. Details of long‐term effects of fracture treatment were requested over the telephone for a further 232 animals using a standardised questionnaire. Long bone fractures accounted for the majority of all fractures (296/387; 76.5%). Hindlimb fractures (301/387; 77.7%) were more common than forelimb fractures (86/387; 22.2%), and tibial fractures and combined fractures of the tibia and fibula (119/387; 30.8%) were observed most frequently. Most fracture treatments were based on osteosynthesis procedures (243/328; 74.1%). Treatment complications occurred in 130 out of 328 (39.6%) cases. A high bodyweight (p= 0.047) and an older age (p= 0.01) were found to be significant risk factors for the emergence of therapy complications. Overall, 75.4% of animals (175/232) had a satisfactory long‐term outcome. Limb posture anomalies were evaluated in 61 cases (26.3%). The multi‐centre approach led to the inclusion of various institutions, veterinarians, treatment protocols and rabbit populations that might have influenced the results. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively, so there were some data that were lacking or could not be collected in a standardised manner. Furthermore, rabbit owners' evaluation of long‐term outcomes might be prone to error, despite the use of a standardised interview questionnaire. Limb fractures are a common orthopaedic issue in pet rabbits. The patient's bodyweight and age are significant risk factors for the emergence of complications during the fracture treatment process. Long‐term orthopaedic effects, such as abnormal limb posture and permanent lameness of the affected limb, were observed regularly.

Late Cenozoic sedimentation in the southern North Sea Basin was dominated by a large prograding delta system. In the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene its main depocentre was located in the German part of the North Sea. Comparatively little is known about the delta evolution during this time-period. Here we present the results of a detailed seismic stratigraphic analysis, which was carried out in the German North Sea sector based mainly on 2D and 3D seismic data. The sedimentary succession has been subdivided into seven seismic units (SU1–SU7), which are separated by distinct seismic surfaces that represent major depositional or erosional boundaries. New biostratigraphic data available in five boreholes were used to date the seismic units. They were further compared with units defined in the surrounding North Sea sectors and correlated with global paleoclimate records. Based on this comparison, a scenario for the Late Cenozoic evolution of the southern North Sea is proposed. While high basin subsidence superimposed the depositional pattern during earliest development in the Middle to Late Miocene, global eustatic sea level variations are becoming increasingly important in the latest Miocene to Pliocene. Our findings contribute to a more comprehensive and refined view on the Late Cenozoic sedimentary evolution in the southern North Sea Basin.

This paper reviews options for the design and analysis of on-farm experiments. It covers both older approaches that have been popular since the Green Revolution, and more recent developments made possible by the availability of online monitoring systems as used in precision farming. The roles of randomisation as well as of geostatistical methods of analysis for these kinds of experiments are critically discussed. Two case studies are provided for illustration.

According to RENGER & STREBEL the annual rate of ground water recharge of a site can be calculated with a regression from its soil and land use data. The transfer on an area is also possible. To compare this method with other possibilities to calculate the ground water recharge from a watershed we conducted the following research. For a small watershed with a known discharge the ground water recharge was calculated according to WUNDT. For the calculation of recharge rates with the method of RENGER & STREBEL we adapted the necessary soil specific data for the whole area from typical pits of the "Reichsbodenschätzung" (soil estimation), the land use data from a land use map and climatic data from nearly stations. Results indicate the applicability of the RENGER & STREBEL-method for regional water balance considerations in small areas.