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This paper defines 'grammatical competence,' 'sociolinguistic competence,' 'discourse competence,' and 'strategic competence.' The various stages of 'communicative competence' and 'strategic competence' are explained based on psychological teaching-learning theories such as 'Behaviourism,' 'Cognitivism,' 'Constructivism,' and 'Social Constructivism.' It points out that 'strategic competence' is based on one's basic 'communicative competence.' It explains the 'strategic competences' that are embedded in Polonius's advice to Laertes and Ophelia in Hamlet. It does not fail to point out human efforts to master 'strategic competence' from the time of antiquity without mastering 'communicative competence,' that is needed to accomplish it. In this context, the paper insists on the point that reading of Shakespearean plays will play a pivotal role in transforming the 'communicative competence' of the students into 'strategic competence.'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clothing comfort is the crucial factor in apparels. In clothing comfort property is categorized in to three terms i.e. Tactile, psychological and thermal comfort. The tactile is a relative term with fabric surface and mechanical properties. The psychological comfort comes little under fabric properties and is related to mainly latest fashion trend and acceptance in society. The thermal comfort is related to control or maintain the temperature of skin, which is generated from body and perspiration. Comfort characteristic are related to fabric surface or smoothness; air permeability and heat transfer of fabric. This paper influences of the fiber cross sectional shape on fabric properties. There is different cross-sectional shape such as octalobal, tetra, hexas and trilobal etc. The cross-sectional shape of filament influences the both physical and chemical properties. The present review is on the enhancement of comfort properties of synthetic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study attempts to evaluate the success factors for development and sustenance of low-cost regional airports in India. The Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method has been utilized for the above pertaining. The findings of the study exhibit the importance to keep low investment cost in the development, low levies from the airport users' efficient airport operations and due diligence prior to development to measure the demand for air transport effectively. The paper fulfills the gap in the literature by integrating the stakeholder's view in low-cost regional airport development. Methodically, the paper contributes by developing and demonstrating the application of the Fuzzy based MCDM model for evaluation of the success factors for low-cost regional airport development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the travails of critics and the labour pain of creative writers, limitations of criticism and creative writings, Plato's views on the abuse of poetry, poetic inspiration, the emotional appeal of poetry, and function of poetry and its non-moral character. It places before the reader Aristotle's views on the origin and development of poetry, the nature of poetry, imitation, the objects of imitation, the manner of imitation, difference between poetry and history, the function of poetry, the emotional appeal of poetry and catharsis, critical objections against poetry and their solutions. It traces Renaissance and its impact, medieval literary theory, the origin of English criticism, an age of the seed time for the germination of literature of higher order, the development of English drama, the spirit of renaissance in the Elizabethan and Jacobean age, and the noteworthy contribution of the early neoclassicists. It highlights Ben Jonson's neoclassicism, the influence of the classical writers, the drawback in English literature and Jonson's wish. It brings out the praiseworthy contribution of the neoclassicists, their liberal approach to classicism, deviation from classicism, vacillation of criticism between a blind application of rules and judgment by sheer taste, focuses on reason as test of literary values, and the sure test of literary judgment which rests on surer foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper answers the questions: What is a word? What contributes to the formation of a word? What are the components of a word? What is the meaning of the word 'word'? What is the meaning of the word 'meaning'? How do words acquire meaning? It analyses the questions from Semiotic, Syntactic, and Semantic points of view and answers them in in the context of semantic analysis following Saussure, Strauss, Heidegger, Stanley Fish, and Latour. It introduces the readers to the meaning of the terms Semiotics and Semantics, the historical background in which these words are coined, Saussure's contribution to the study of language, the basic elements of Semiology, a letter of the alphabet, a word, the use of an image of a thing, a hieroglyph, and a character as signs to convey the meaning in specific contexts which are essential to the interpretation and understanding of the meaning of words used in communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present before the readers the relative merits of epic and tragedy that are handed down the timeline and enable the readers to establish the superiority of epic over tragedy. In order to render justice to the objective aimed at, the paper traces and presents to the readers a critical survey of the variegated critical aspects of the critics such as Plato (427-347 BCE), Aristotle (384-322 BCE), John Dryden(1631-1700), Joseph Addison (1672-1719), and Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnS nanoparticles with Ni 2+ as dopant ions, have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Inductive Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies were employed to investigate different photo-processes occurring on exposure to UV–vis light. The synthesized NPs were evaluated as photocatalyst for the removal of the color of aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RhB) dye as test solution under 250 W High Pressure Mercury Vapor lamp. Mott-Schottky, Cyclic Voltammetery, and hot-probe measurements suggest the change in the ‘type’ of semiconductor from n to p as well as phase change (cubic to wurtzite) take place on increasing the amount of dopant to 10%. The newly appeared phase forms ‘local pockets’ in an overall cubic matrix of ZnS NPs, this way created defects at the local grain boundaries of dissimilar phases. These provide active sites for the adsorption of dye molecules, in turn, improve the efficiency of the material as photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of c entral nervous system (CNS) metastases from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an unmet need. We analyzed data on 41 such patients to evaluate predictors of outcome. Between January, 2010 and December 2020, among 1028 patients with EOC treated at our institute 41 (3.98%) developed CNS metastasis. Median age of patients was 48 years, ranging from 22 to 75 years. Primary outcome measure was progression free survival (PFS). Overall survival (OS), and analysis of prognostic factors were secondary outcome measures. An intention to treat analysis was done. We also performed review the literature (n=2253) as regards to clinicopathological and radiological features, treatment received, survival outcomes and prognostic factors. Median time from diagnosis of EOC to CNS metastasis was 27 months (range: 0 to 101 months). 33(80.5%) patients had FIGO stage III-IV at baseline and serous carcinoma (75.6%) was common pathology subtype. Thirteen (31.7%) patients had isolated CNS metastasis and 28 (68.3%) had intra-abdominal disease in addition. Nineteen (46.3%) patients achieved complete response post treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Median PFS and OS from the time of CNS metastasis is 12 (range:1 to 51) months and 33 (range: 1 to 71) months, respectively. Absence of extracranial disease and lower serum CA-125 at diagnosis of CNS metastasis were predictive of superior PFS and OS on multivariate analysis. CNS metastasis is a late event in EOC, post multiple lines of treatment. Patients with disease limited to brain and treated with surgical resection and chemoradiation have best outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnS nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) with different amount of Fe as dopant ions had been synthesized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were carried out for particle size, phase and elemental analyses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed for morphological studies. Defect chemistry and the photo-processes occurring in the material were understood by using UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated as photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye in an aqueous solution illuminated by high pressure mercury vapour (HPMV) lamp at RT. In this study, we have shown that architecture of the photocatalyst is important to achieve optimum performance. By Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), it has been established that not only the locations of the dopant but also their oxidation states are critical for charge carrier dynamics. Charge carriers can be trapped and directed towards the adsorbed dye molecules by changing the oxidation state of the dopant Fe ions. On the basis of electrochemical analyses (cyclic voltammetry, Mott–Schottky plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) it has been shown that dopant increases the level of charge carriers (electrons) in the material responsible for ferromagnetism at RT. Efficient catalytic recovery can be achieved if the photocatalytic material possesses ferromagnetic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Weight-bearing foot structure may influence postural control by either decreasing the base of support (BOS) or increasing the passive instability of the joints of the foot. Poor postural control has been implicated as the main causative factor for foot and ankle injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of forefoot postures on postural stability during single limb stance. Methodology: Sixty healthy individuals between the ages of 18 to 31 were selected using a purposive sampling procedure based on forefoot angle measurements and categorized into three groups; high forefoot varus (≥8°) (n=20), neutral forefoot varus (1°- 8°) (n=20) and low forefoot varus group (≤1°) (n=20). Static foot measurements, including relaxed rearfoot angle and navicular drop, and foot dimentsions were performed. Height and weight were also recorded for all the subjects. Center of Pressure (COP) excursion in Anterior-posterior (AP) and Medial-lateral (ML) planes and Stability Index (SI) with eyes open and eyes closed conditions were also measured using the force platform. Results: Strong correlations were found between forefoot angle and rearfoot angle (r=0.71, p<0.01), forefoot angle and navicular drop (r=0.58, p<0.01), and between rearfoot angle and navicular drop (r=0.661, p<0.01). There were no correlations (p>0.05) between the forefoot angle and all the five COP measures, except between forefoot angle and SI with eyes closed (r= -0.25 p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between forefoot angle and rearfoot angle and between forefoot angle and navicular drop. Forefoot angles did not affect the maximum AP COP and ML COP excursions or SI in healthy subjects. Level of evidence: 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse the efforts taken by Yann Martel in confronting the different situations in his life in order to find out his hidden 'Self'. Physiological, Psychological and Spiritual points of view are taken to perceive, understand, and explain the crisis faced by the protagonist of SELF. The ways and means through which one can identify his/her 'Self' and other 'Selves' and liberate the individual 'Self' from the fetters of the body and mind are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brachytherapy is one of the curative treatment for early stage prostate cancer.HDR BT has normally been used in combination with external beam radiotherapy. There has been considerable interest in the recent years in HDR BT as monotherapy. HDR BT was started at Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai in April 2006. This article briefly describes and compares the treatment alternatives of surgery, external beam radiation, and brachytherapy for prostate cancer and highlights the advantages of HDR brachytherapy [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Photosynthetic proteins carry out photochemical charge separation with a near-unity quantum efficiency and provide interesting materials for sustainable solar energy conversion in man-made photoelectrochemical devices. The three-dimensional architectures of natural photosynthesisers on both macroscopic and microscopic length scales contrast strikingly with the essentially two-dimensional architectures of commercial photovoltaic devices. In this work we fabricated flexible and semi-transparent bio-photoelectrochemical cells (BPEC) that showed excellent flexibility and durability in response to repeated mechanical deformation. A three-dimensional stack of five such BPECs connected in parallel produced a peak photocurrent of 2900 nA under simulated sunlight in the laboratory and 2400 nA when tested outdoors. Placement of the BPEC stack within either a regular solid reflective well or a Johnson solid reflective well further boosted these photocurrents, computational analysis indicating that the strongest boost that more than doubled output was the consequence of multiple reflections within the Johnson solid that increased the light intensity incident on the BPEC stack. These design features, inspired by natural structures for absorbing and reflecting sunlight, improved the relative performance of the BPECs under non-peak insolation, such that the photocurrent output under natural sunlight was relatively uniform between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. We discuss how the flexibility, durability and partial transparency of the individual BPECs enable the fabrication of cell arrays with a range of three-dimensional architectures. ga1 • Successfully fabricated 3 dimensional array of protein solar cells envisaging harnessing of unutilised reflected light. • Demonstrates a low-footprint BPEC array inspired from two natural photo responsive systems. • Such 3D architectures mitigate the need for sun trackers across the sky to homogenise the non-uniform current output. • Transparency of the cells and their 3D arrangement aid in flatter current response throughout the day. • 1200 % enhancement in the photocurrent achieved by integrating 3D stacked cells with Johnson solid optical wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at energy issues, alternative energy sources to fossil fuels such as solar energy, wind energy and wave energy have been well studied. However, ubiquitous atmospheric moisture as a possible alternative has not been seriously explored. Comprising of nearly 13 trillion kiloliters of water, atmospheric moisture can be best exploited as a sustainable energy resource and an abundant hydrogen source. In our present study, we have exploited moisture absorption from the air and ensuing conversion into electricity. To effectuate moisture absorption and energy conversion, a hybrid solar device was constructed by integrating tailored hygroscopic materials with photosystems stimulated by metal free organic dyes. The hygroscopic materials absorb water from humid atmospheres, serving as the source of neutral water for the photoelectrochemical reaction, thereby transducing atmospheric humidity directly into electricity and hydrogen, in the presence of light. We have also reported a significant drop in the humidity levels of a confined space from 80% to 40%. This hybrid system, when in operation, effectuates simultaneous dehumidification and a photocurrent generation of 240μA/cm2 under ambient indoor light. Image 1 • We have exploited ubiquitous ambient humidity as a potential source for energy harvesting application. • Integration of a photosystem to a super-hygroscopic hydrogel to perform concurrent dehumidification and power generation. • The fabricated device ensues a single step conversion of ambient humidity into electricity. • Generation of a stable photocurrent of 240µA/cm2 under ambient indoor light, whilst reducing humidity from 80% to 40%. • This device performs energy-free dehumidification and power generation concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study on African Americans' perceptions and satisfaction with a farmers' market and access to fresh foods in their community. Methodology of the study; Spending patterns at the farmers' market; Comparison between farmers' market and local stores; Conclusion of the study; Recommendations to extension professionals to help expand farmers' market in the low-income minority communities.