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In this case report, we present an extremely rare and previously unreported case of skull osteoma relapse without any attachment to the skull after hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) cranioplasty. The 49-year-old male patient was admitted with recurrence of the left frontal skull lesion; he underwent craniectomy and HAC cranioplasty for a left frontal osteoma 14 years before. Intraoperative findings disclosed multiple irregular lesions located on the HAC flap without any attachment to the bony structure and the roots of the lesions originating from the outer layer of the dura through several reserved holes. Pathological diagnosis was osteoma. The purpose of this report is to document this rare occurrence and provide the most probable pathogenesis for this rare event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gardner syndrome has head and neck manifestations that may be recognized during dental visits. Features such as multiple gnathic osteomas, impacted supernumerary teeth, and multiple foci of idiopathic osteosclerosis can be easily identified on dental radiographs, prompting the clinician to refer the patient for further investigation. A dental examination and routine radiographs play a vital role in revealing the extracolonic presentation of Gardner syndrome, which facilitates timely screening and detection of colorectal cancer and other malignancies associated with this condition. This report discusses the case of a 50-year-old Caucasian man who presented with a hard swelling of the left angle of the mandible and was diagnosed with Gardner syndrome based on abnormal findings from an oral examination, dental imaging, and medical and family history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background  Exostoses and osteomas are benign, insidious lesions of the bone involving the internal acoustic canal (IAC). We present two cases of IAC exostoses managed with surgical decompression and review the clinical outcomes of previously reported cases in the literature. Methods  A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed Central, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar databases to identify previous reports of IAC exostoses and osteomas. A total of 26 reported cases were identified, and patient presenting symptoms, management strategies, and response to surgery was obtained when available. Results  Of the 13 patients who underwent surgical decompression, 8 patients had resolution of vertigo symptoms, 10 patients had improvement of tinnitus symptoms, and all patients maintained some level of serviceable hearing. Conclusion  IAC exostoses and osteomas are rare lesions that lead to insidious onset of debilitating symptoms from vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction. Although the role of surgical decompression remains unclear, it appears that patients presenting with vertigo have more favorable response to surgical decompression as compared with those presenting with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss.

Osteomas are benign slow growing osteogenic tumors mostly arising in the craniofacial region and characterized by the deposition of differentiated and mature either or both cancellous and compact bone. Osteoma accounts for 2-3% of all bone primary tumors with an incidence of 10-12% among all benign skeletal neoplasms. Objective: The objective of this work is to describe a clinical case of an osteoma in the temporomandibular joint diagnosed in the maxillofacial surgery service of the General Hospital of Pachuca in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Clinical Case: A 39-year-old female patient who comes to the General Hospital Pachuca, Mexico due to pain and noises in the right preauricular region of 6 years of evolution, with facial asymmetry, mandibular deviation to the left and limited mouth opening. Clinically, facial asymmetry, mandibular deviation to the left, right posterior crossbite, anterior open bite mainly on the affected side, preauricular pain, joint sounds, and limitation of mandibular movements were observed. Radiographic examination revealed a trapezoidal mass measuring 2.5 by 2.0 cm, with alteration of the condyle-mandible anatomy on the right side. An insertional biopsy is performed, reporting an osteoma, and surgical intervention is continued. Conclusion: The osteoma in the temporomandibular joint is a rare lesion, its timely value is essential for its treatment. Surgical resection is the gold standard treatment, which is based on a radical excision that extends to the altered normal bone, with the contextual objective of achieving an optimal aesthetic result by choosing the least invasive surgical treatment possible.

Osteoid osteoma is a common benign primary bone tumor, but it is very uncommon in the proximal humerus. This case report describes the clinical course and treatment of a patient with shoulder pain and osteoid osteoma of the proximal humerus and provides a review of the literature. A 22-year-old healthy male patient presented to our clinic with a 2-year history of constant throbbing right shoulder pain. The patient was referred for orthopedic consultation. A series of plain radiographs, bone scintigraphy, and a magnetic resonance imaging were done and revealed an osseous lesion at the medial aspect of the proximal meta diaphyseal region of the right proximal humerus, with a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. The patient underwent radiofrequency ablation of the tumor nidus, which was successful and resulted in resolution of symptoms with minimal pain at follow up. This case demonstrates that osteoid osteoma can present with clinical features that mimic various causes for shoulder pain.

Background: Osteoma is a benign bone tumor that rarely affects animals. The most common bones involved with this tumor included the mandible, maxillofacial bones, and nasal sinuses. Definitive diagnosis is based on pathology findings which allow for differentiation with other bone lesions. Case Description: The patient, a 5-year-old intact male Mongrel dog presented with a huge mandibular mass that involved both the right and left mandible, and led to dental occlusion. The radiography was performed and depicted the intense mass with a well-demarcated edge, a short transitional zone between normal and abnormal bone, and a smooth rounded radiopaque appearance. The investigation according to the fine needle aspiration showed the presence of oval to spindle shape cells with poorly malignancy criteria, fatty cells, reactive osteoblasts, and osteoclasts based on a population of spindle-shaped cells, and low numbers of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria, and few macrophages. Then, the radiographic assessments and cytology findings demonstrated the osteoma and were referred for surgical intervention. A unilateral mandibulectomy was performed, and the lesion was sent to the histopathology laboratory. The histopathology evaluation showed osteocyte proliferation without malignancy features. The osteoblast cells also showed no atypical proliferation that endorses the osteoma tumor. Conclusion: Although mandibular and maxillofacial bone resection in small animals have different tolerations, this patient became a candidate for surgery for future better nutrition and prevention of facial deformity and dental malocclusion. Follow-up after osteoma is one of the most necessary post-operation treatments to check the regeneration of the mass. There are considerable data in this report that should regard this tumor as a possible differential diagnosis for mandibular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoid osteoma is a common benign primary bone tumor, but it is very uncommon in the proximal humerus. This case report describes the clinical course and treatment of a patient with shoulder pain and osteoid osteoma of the proximal humerus and provides a review of the literature. A 22-year-old healthy male patient presented to our clinic with a 2-year history of constant throbbing right shoulder pain. The patient was referred for orthopedic consultation. A series of plain radiographs, bone scintigraphy, and a magnetic resonance imaging were done and revealed an osseous lesion at the medial aspect of the proximal meta diaphyseal region of the right proximal humerus, with a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. The patient underwent radiofrequency ablation of the tumor nidus, which was successful and resulted in resolution of symptoms with minimal pain at follow up. This case demonstrates that osteoid osteoma can present with clinical features that mimic various causes for shoulder pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare disease Background: Osteomas are benign tumors characterized by proliferation of dense or trabecular bone. Most osteomas of the head and neck occur in the mandible, they rarely occur in the maxillary sinus, and free osteomas are extremely rare. While usually detected incidentally on plain radiographs, symptoms appear when the osteoma obstructs the sinus orifice or invades the adjacent orbit or intracranial structures. Herein, we report a case of a patient with an isolated laminar osteoma arising in the maxillary sinus. Case Report: A 52-year-old man presented to our hospital with a radiopaque mass in the right maxillary sinus. An oval mass of size 2.7×2.3 cm was observed in the right maxillary sinus on computed tomography, and no sinusitis was present. Under general anesthesia, the mass was removed orally via the modified Caldwell-Luc method. Histopathologic examination revealed layered compact bony tissue covered by the sinus membrane. The mass was free from the inferior wall of the right maxillary sinus, and a part of the mass was covered by the sinus membrane. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was noted after 5 years. Conclusions: We experienced a case of an extremely rare osteoma in the maxillary sinus. The osteoma was solitary and free within the maxillary sinus. The treatment performed was surgical excision using the modified Caldwell-Luc method. The cause of the free osteoma was thought to be odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by apical periodontitis of the nearby tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1.5‐year‐old, spayed, female labrador x kelpie presented with a massive solitary palatine osteoma. En bloc excision required excision of palatine, maxillary and ventral vomer bone. The subsequent defect was closed with a combination of a left angularis oris buccal mucosal interpolation flap, right buccal mucosal rotational flap and rostral advancement of the remaining soft palate. The procedure was tolerated by the patient, with no major complications from the surgery. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue indicated complete excision of the osteoma. At the time of the publication, no recurrence had occurred, and the owners considered the procedure to provide excellent post‐operative results. The use of these soft tissue techniques allowed complete excision of the neoplasia from this difficult anatomic location in a single procedure without the need for revision surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteomas and exostosis of the internal auditory canal are rare slow growing bony tumours that can present with a wide variety of symptoms from hearing loss to sinusitis. Case 1: A 74 year old female presented with a three year history of right sided hearing loss with tinnitus. Audiometric testing and physical exam identified normal to profound sensorineural hearing loss of the right ear with normal vestibular and facial function. Computed tomography Imaging identified a right internal auditory canal exostosis causing significant narrowing. Case 2: A 12 year old female with right sided hearing loss first identified during routine hearing tests at age 5 had progressed in the last three months. Audiometric testing and examination showed right mild to moderate-severe sensorineural hearing loss with normal vestibular and facial function. Imaging identified bilateral exostoses causing mild narrowing. Conclusion: The first case reported a patient with normal vestibular, facial nerve and contralateral hearing who was managed conservatively with serial imaging and examinations. Some uncertainty remained of the causative nature of the bilateral exostoses in case 2 with conservative management also adopted. There is no clear consensus of optimal treatment for IAC bony tumours and decisions are largely dependent on symptom severity.

We describe the case of a 76-year-old man who developed an asymptomatic choroidal osteoma in the left eye 10 years after receiving retinal laser photocoagulation for treatment of a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane. The choroidal osteoma presented as a progressively enlarging, well-circumscribed yellow lesion adjacent to the region of retinal fibrosis. Optical coherence tomography showed a choroidal lesion with superficial lamellations and ultrasonography demonstrated increased echogenicity. The choroidal osteoma was not encroaching on the fovea and is currently being monitored. This is only the third report of a de novo choroidal osteoma developing subsequent to retinal laser photocoagulation.

We report a very rare case of 35-year-old female with a giant mandibular osteoma in the angle of the mandible. We highlight the importance of CT in diagnosing as well as defining the extent of this rare case so that proper management can be undertaken. We also showcase the importance of angiography to show relationship of this mass with the surrounding vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choroidal osteoma is a rare clinical entity of unknown etiology. It is a benign ossifying tumor characterized by mature bone replacing choroid. It typically affects young females, unilaterally. Vision loss occurs mainly due to photoreceptor degeneration secondary to decalcification and/or development of choroidal neovascularization, especially if located near the macular area. We present a case of an old woman with bilateral choroidal osteomas identified incidentally. An 84-year-old Caucasian woman who was asymptomatic, without clinical features suggestive of choroidal osteoma, was referred to our hospital for a follow-up visit. On the fundus examination, both eyes showed a suspected lesion. B-scan ultrasound demonstrated bilateral highly reflective calcified lesions within the choroid, with an evident cone of shadow, suggestive of choroidal osteoma. Further investigations have performed to confirm the diagnosis. Although the literature reports a more common one-sidedness and typical manifestation of choroidal osteoma in the teenage years, our case report refers to bilateral choroidal osteomas in an elderly woman.

Objective: To develop an appropriate method for removing giant frontoethmoidal osteomas and the immediate reconstruction of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, five patients (4 men and 1 woman) were admitted with an osteoma of the paranasal sinuses, of which three (2 men and 1 woman) were diagnosed with giant osteomas of the frontal and ethmoid region. The patients were aged 28 to 49 years. Routine clinical examinations were carried out, including collecting patient history and a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses. The giant osteomas were removed by minimally invasive transnasal endoscopic surgery with a combined anterior wall approach to the frontal sinus. The tumour size was reduced by excision with a surgical drill before removal to minimise the defect in the frontal sinus's anterior wall. The procedure was completed with the immediate reconstruction of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus using titanium nickelide mesh. Results: The length of hospital stay was 10 days. Wound healing occurred by primary intention, and the sutures were removed on the 8th day. Followup periods were between 1 month and 1 year. Follow-up examinations were carried out 1 week, 1, 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. On the follow-up CT scans performed a year after the operation, the implanted titanium nickelide mesh was stable, the aeration of the frontal sinus was normal, and satisfactory cosmetic outcomes were reported. Conclusion: CT is the gold standard in determining the size of the osteoma, its spread, and the state of the walls of the paranasal sinuses. A combined surgical approach and debulking of the giant osteomas using a surgical drill with the immediate reconstruction of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus by titanium nickelide mesh produce favourable outcomes.

Choroidal neovascularizations are historically associated with exudative macular degeneration, nonetheless, they have been observed in nevus, melanoma, osteoma, and hemangioma involving the choroid and retina. This review aimed to elucidate the possible origins of neovascular membranes by examining in vivo and in vitro models compared to real clinical cases. Among the several potential mechanisms examined, particular attention was paid to histologic alterations and molecular cascades. Physical or biochemical resistance to vascular invasion from the choroid offered by Bruch's membrane, the role of fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor, resident or recruited stem-like/progenitor cells, and other angiogenic promoters were taken into account. Even if the exact mechanisms are still partially obscure, experimental models are progressively enhancing our understanding of neovascularization etiology. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) over melanoma, osteoma, and other tumors is not rare and is not contraindicative of malignancy as previously believed. In addition, CNV may represent a late complication of either benign or malignant choroidal tumors, stressing the importance of a long follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoma is a benign, usually asymptomatic bone tumor, which often occurs in paranasal sinuses. Surgical treatment is required whenever the patient becomes symptomatic or presents ophthalmological or neurological complications. An endoscopic approach is increasingly used. Depending on the size and site of the osteoma, open surgery may be preferable and remains the standard treatment, though. This article describes a case of osteoma of the frontal sinus that required a bicoronal approach with reconstruction using surgical cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoma is a slowly growing, asymptomatic, benign osteogenic tumor. An extremely rare case of clavicular parosteal osteoma (PO) is reported. A 46-year-old female patient was treated with marginal resection after an open biopsy for a large, firm symptomatic mass originating from the middle part of the left clavicle, which recurred 25 years after surgery. In the fifth year postoperatively, the patient was followed up with a full range of motion of the left shoulder without any problem in her daily life. In this case report, the clinical course, imaging findings, diagnosis, and long-term results of a rare case of parosteal osteoma recurrence of the clavicle are described for the first time in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteomas are slow-growing tumors that are incidentally detected in 3% of computed tomography scans, which is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate benign bone tumors, since they help to predict biological behavior and histological probability. Surgical excision of these lesions is complex and it involves extensive dissection of soft tissue, bone, and reconstruction of the lesionectomy with advanced microsurgical tools. Objective: To describe the results of the transfrontorbital approach of a giant frontal osteoma and craniofacial reconstruction in a pediatric patient. Clinical case report: The case of an 11-year-old male adolescent is reported. He was treated for craniofacial deformity with increased volume in the right frontal region, ipsilateral proptosis and pain. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the skull revealed a bony-looking tumor lesion with frontorbital invasion. A transfrontorbital approach with craniofacial reconstruction was performed, achieving total resection and correction of the deformity. The anatomopathological diagnosis was osteoma. Conclusions: The transfrontorbital approach allowed the total resection of the tumor and the correction of the deformity in the same surgical time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Case Report. Objective: Paranasal osteomas are rare, benign bony tumors of the craniofacial skeleton and most are treated endoscopically without the need for reconstruction. In rare cases, open traditional craniofacial approaches are required with a paucity of literature describing extirpative maneuvers in this setting. We present a unique case of a rapidly growing, paranasal bony tumor in a pediatric patient and describe our surgical technique for resection and reconstruction. Methods: A 13-year old male presented with eight months of progressive, painless right periorbital swelling and proptosis. Trans-nasal biopsy confirmed an osteoma of the right ethmoid sinus and endoscopic resection was recommended. Due to interval tumor growth, there was worsening visual acuity that precluded a minimally invasive approach. Pre-operative and post-operative 3D computed tomography (CT) scans were completed, and a 3D printed skull model was produced to aid in surgical planning. A multi-disciplinary team of Otolaryngology, Neurosurgery, and Plastic Surgery was employed. The majority of the extirpation was performed with a highspeed carbide burr. Results: Post-operative course was unremarkable and CT scan demonstrated a complete resection. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of an osteoma. Six-month follow-up demonstrated normal ophthalmologic function and visual acuity with excellent aesthetic results. Conclusions: This is a rare, complex presentation of a paranasal osteoma that was successfully managed with an open, multi-disciplinary approach. We highlight pearls gleaned from this extirpative and reconstructive technique. Due to the tumor density and location, a multidisciplinary team, Stealth navigation, an open, intra- and extra-cranial approach and use of a highspeed carbide burr were essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoma is a slow growing, asymptomatic, benign bony tumor composed of compact and cancellous bones. Central, peripheral, and extra skeletal osteomas are the three types based on the site of origin. They are mostly observed on routine radiographic screening, mostly in the paranasal sinuses. Gnathic involvement is an uncommon occurrence, and if present, mandibular involvement is more frequently seen. Mostly, osteomas are small asymptomatic lesions and very rarely they become symptomatic and acquire larger size. Multiple osteomas are a feature of Gardner's syndrome; however, solitary osteomas are non-syndromic. Oral health professional may be the first to diagnose Gardner's syndrome as the osteomas may be initial manifestation of the disorder. Treatment protocol of osteomas varies based on the associated signs and symptoms. Small, asymptomatic cases are treated conservatively by periodic clinical and radiographic evaluation. However, larger, symptomatic lesions require surgical intervention. Herby, reporting an unusual case of Giant peripheral osteoma of the mandible. Our case is unique in few aspects because of its unusually large size (5 × 4 cm) and involvement of lingual aspect of the mandible in the region of sublingual fossa, with compression of the floor of mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of a 40-year-old Japanese woman with a benign tongue tumor diagnosed as osseous choristoma of the tongue. Resection of the tongue tumor was performed under general anesthesia. The gross examination of the resected specimen showed a bone-like mass measuring 5 × 5 × 3 mm, surrounded by soft tissue. Based on the findings, a histopathological diagnosis of osseous choristoma was established. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence or distant metastasis during the 3-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though osteomas can commonly arise in the cranial bones, an extra canalicular mastoid bone location is a rare entity with less than 200 cases described to date. We present three cases of cortical mastoid bone osteomas and compare them with cases presented in the literature. Methods: In this study, we used a retrospective chart analysis. Results: All three patients presented after years of progressively increasing postauricular swelling without symptoms. Temporal bone non-contrast CT allowed accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgical treatment was performed for cosmetic issues with minimal postoperative morbidity. Complete excision was achieved in all cases, and to date, there is no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: Mastoid osteomas are rare benign slow-growing tumors. They usually present as a painless cosmetic disfigurement and are otherwise asymptomatic. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice when they cause esthetic discomfort or are symptomatic. Recurrences are infrequently reported.

Abstract Background Osteoma is a benign tumor of the bones, which can be classified as central or peripheral. The occurrence in the jawbones is uncommon, but when it occurs, there is a greater prevalence of the mandible. The etiology is still unknown, and the hypothesis of its development is debated. Case presentation A 35-year-old Caucasian man presenting a tumor lesion in the right jawbone that had been growing for 8 years sought medical service complaining of speaking impairment. According to the patient, the tumor appeared shortly after a minor trauma caused by tooth extraction. The diagnosis of the lesion was made through clinical, radiographic, and histological methods, and the surgical treatment was successful and satisfactory for the patient as well as the surgical team, despite a short follow-up. Conclusion Etiopathogenesis of osteoma is not determined in the majority of cases. In the present report, it was possible to hypothesize the association between a minor trauma and the development of the tumor, reinforcing the reactive theory of tumor development. The uncommon location of the osteoma, as well the possibility of identifying the possible cause of the lesion, makes this case particularly interesting.

Osteoma cutis, the development of bone in the dermis and/or subcutaneous fat, can occur as either a primary or secondary condition. Perforating osteoma cutis is rare. A man with a solitary lesion of perforating osteoma cutis is described and the features of individuals with a single perforating osteoma cutis skin lesion are reviewed. A solitary lesion of either primary or secondary perforating osteoma cutis has only been observed in two men and one woman; the lesions had been present from less than one month to 19 or 20 years prior to establishing the diagnosis. The lesion was either located on the forehead (two men) or the breast (one woman). The erythematous (two lesions) or flesh-colored nodules ranged in size from 8×8 millimeters to 1.5×0.5 centimeters. Each had epidermal perforation by bone through a central area that was either crateriform or crusted or keratotic. The clinical differential diagnosis included keratoacanthoma, phlebolith, pilomatricoma, pilomatrical carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The perforating osteoma cutis lesion was successfully treated with either excision or shave biopsy without recurrence at either 10 or 12-months follow-up.

A large parosteal osteoma arising on the surface of the right clavicle of a 39-year-old male patient was suspected preoperatively as a parosteal osteosarcoma. The lesion was treated with wide resection and allograft reconstruction. In this case report, we discuss the accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment for unusual clavicular tumors.

In the head and neck, osteomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses. They often form from the normal bone of the sinus cavities. The source of development of osteomas are unknown, though they are thought to arise from traumatic or infectious causes. Osteomas are often asymptomatic and detected incidentally, though larger osteomas may impart symptoms based on their mass effect. Whereas common within the nasal cavity and sinuses, osteomas arising from the external facial skeleton are exceedingly rare and not well described in the literature. Here we present a rare case of the diagnosis and surgical management of an osteoma of the zygoma.

Paranasal sinus osteomas are slowly growing and frequently asymptomatic benign tumors. Surgery is the treatment method, and the approach may vary according to many factors about the tumor. The prominent locations of tumors were in the frontal sinuses and in the ethmoid sinus. The most common complaint was a headache. The diagnosis was made by paranasal computed tomography in all patients. This report describes the approach to managing osteoma in the paranasal region in 13 patients. Information on demographic features, the clinical presentation of the cases, radiographical outcomes, and surgical procedures were gathered and analyzed. Five patients were operated on endoscopic technique, six with osteoplastic flap technique, and two with a combined approach. Symptomatic osteomas require surgery. The surgery considers the localization, size of the lesion, and the experience of the surgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present four new cases of peripheral osteoma of the mandibular condyle and the literature review. A retrospective study of files from our Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery over the last 6 years revealed four cases of peripheral osteomas located in the area of the mandibular condyle. Diagnostic procedure included clinical, radiographic, and histologic criteria. Gardner's syndrome was excluded from patient history and clinical evaluation. One patient had only an aesthetic disturbance, with facial swelling, and the other three patients presented disturbances of the mandibular function, including deviation during mouth opening along with malocclusion. Three of the patients were male and one was female; all were of middle age (45–65 years old). The proposed surgical treatment was accepted by half of the patients, while the remaining half declined the operation after a confirmation of the diagnosis. Peripheral osteomas of the maxillofacial region are uncommon, and some cases with multiple osteomas are related to Gardner's syndrome. An osteoma of the mandibular condyle is very rare and surgical treatment is challenging for the surgeon with regards to the approach selection and the related complications. In the two cases that accepted the proposed surgical treatment, no recurrence and no complication was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An osteoma is a benign tumor consisting of a proliferation of mature bone. The osteomas are categorized as per their origin into peripheral and central. Peripheral osteoma is a rare entity originating from the periosteum. Peripheral osteomas are found in areas, such as the paranasal sinuses and mandible, but rarely occur in the maxilla. Herein, we describe a case of giant peripheral osteoma that developed in the maxilla and then grew to such an extent that it became difficult for the patient to masticate. The patient was a 61-year-old woman who visited our hospital complaining of a painless mass on her palate that gradually increased in size starting from 15 years ago. A bone-like hard mass with a major axis of approximately 65 mm was found covering the entire palate. The tumor was pedunculated and the base was at the alveolar crest of the maxillary molars. The computed tomography findings showed a well-defined mass surrounded by cortical bone, with a mixture of internal cortical bone-like and cancellous or spongy bone-like parts. A biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis of osteoma was confirmed. Tumor resection was then performed. The size of the resected specimen was 67 × 58 × 29 mm. Histopathologically, it was classified as a cancellous osteoma and was finally diagnosed as peripheral osteoma. The patient was observed for 1 year following the operation and no recurrence was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign tumours comprise the majority of primary vertebral tumours, and these are often found incidentally on imaging. Nonetheless, accurate diagnosis of these benign lesions is crucial, in order to avoid misdiagnosis as more ominous malignant lesions or infection. Furthermore, some of these tumours, despite their benign nature, can have localised effects on the spine including neural compromise, or can be locally aggressive, thus necessitating active management. Haemangiomas and osteomas (enostosis) are the commonest benign tumours encountered. Others include osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, osteochondroma, chondroblastoma, haemangioma, simple bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumours, eosinophilic granuloma and notochordal rests. The majority of lesions are asymptomatic; however, locally aggressive lesions (such as aneurysmal bone cysts or giant cell tumours) can present with nonspecific symptoms, such as back pain, neurological deficits and spinal instability, which may be indistinguishable from more commonly encountered mechanical back pain or malignant lesions including metastases. Hence, imaging, including radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plays a critical role in diagnosis. Generally, most incidental or asymptomatic regions are conservatively managed or may not require any follow-up, while symptomatic or locally aggressive lesions warrant active interventions, which include surgical resection or percutaneous treatment techniques. Due to advances in interventional radiology techniques in recent years, percutaneous minimally invasive techniques such as radiofrequency ablation, sclerotherapy and cryoablation have played an increasing role in the management of these tumours with favourable outcomes. The different types of primary benign vertebral tumours will be discussed in this article with an emphasis on pertinent imaging features.

Osteomas of the maxilla and the mandible are rare, benign, and slow-growing tumors arising from the bone cells. They are more frequently located on the mandible than the maxilla, with mandibular body, angle, and condyle being more frequently affected. The development of a peripheral osteoma at the mandibular ramus is a rare occurrence, and few cases have been published in English literature. Even though the developmental process of this pathologic entity is characterized as slow growing, little data are known about the developmental rate of the peripheral osteomas of the mandible. In our paper, we present a case of peripheral osteoma of the external surface of the right mandibular ramus that was diagnosed 10 years earlier; its dimensions were measured precisely at that time with CT. The patient declined a surgical operation, and 10 years after the initial diagnosis, she visited our department with an increase in the size of the lesion and asked for a re-evaluation. A new CBCT was performed, and accurate measurement of the new dimensions of the lesion was conducted; this was compared with the previous dimensions. The comparison of the current CBCT with the CT performed 10 years earlier permitted to calculate the growth rate of osteoma that was approximately 2.0 mm/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Multiple miliary osteoma of the face is a rare entity with at least 50 cases described in the literature. It is characterized by multiple fragments of adult bone in the dermis. The pathophysiology of the disease is not clear, but it is often presented as a late sequela in a patient with acne vulgaris. It presents as papular neoformations similar to milia, which mainly affects the face. The diagnosis is confirmed by the histopathology. CLINICAL CASE: A female patient with multiple miliary osteomas associated with hyperparathyroidism and a history of acne vulgaris. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to know about the disease and to have an adequate approach of it, in search of the causes or associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case summary: A 13-year-old male castrated cat was referred to our clinic for a 2-month history of right hindlimb lameness. Radiographs and CT showed a solid bony mass within the stifle joint. The mass was resected by arthrotomy and osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of osteoma. Recovery from surgery was uneventful. At the 8-week follow-up examination, the cat was free of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information: Feline osteomas are rare; only few cases have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an intra-articular osteoma in the stifle joint of a cat and description of its surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though osteomas can commonly arise in the cranial bones, an extra canalicular mastoid bone location is a rare entity with less than 200 cases described to date. We present three cases of cortical mastoid bone osteomas and compare them with cases presented in the literature. Methods: In this study, we used a retrospective chart analysis. Results: All three patients presented after years of progressively increasing postauricular swelling without symptoms. Temporal bone non-contrast CT allowed accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgical treatment was performed for cosmetic issues with minimal postoperative morbidity. Complete excision was achieved in all cases, and to date, there is no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: Mastoid osteomas are rare benign slow-growing tumors. They usually present as a painless cosmetic disfigurement and are otherwise asymptomatic. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice when they cause esthetic discomfort or are symptomatic. Recurrences are infrequently reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maxillary sinus augmentation is a method extensively used to restore sufficient bone volume in the posterior maxilla to allow for the placement of fixtures. The purpose of the present case report was to describe a rare case of sinus osteoma used for implant support and to review the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: A 58-year-old man with a radiopaque intrasinusal lesion was referred for rehabilitation of the maxilla. The lesion was probably an osteoma and involved the nasal wall of the maxillary sinus. After discussing the options with the patient, he agreed to maintain the lesion and a sinus augmentation with a bone graft. A part of the osteoma was partially removed for histological analysis while avoiding perforation or tearing of the schneiderian membrane. After six months, 6 implants (Bone System Implant, Milano, Italy) were placed in the maxilla, two of which were inserted in the osteoma. Results: The two implants placed in the osteoma were perfectly osseointegrated. The graft material appeared well-integrated with no local signs of inflammation. No postoperative events or symptoms were reported after the surgery stages and at a 6-month follow-up. Regarding the two implants placed in the osteoma: article selection identified 9 case reports, 2 case series, and 1 retrospective study for a total of 58 subjects, 35 males and 25 females. The patients' ages were heterogeneous and ranged between 12 and 79 years old. Conclusions: In the present case, we decided to leave the osteoma because it was asymptomatic and used as dental implant support. The effectiveness of the present investigation can provide useful guidance for surgeons and dentists in the management of similar clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: External auditory canal (EAC) osteomas are rare, slow-growing benign neoplasms. Microscopic surgical excision had been reported for symptomatic osteomas. However, there was no study published on the feasibility of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) for EAC osteoma. In this study, we propose two methods of TEES for symptomatic EAC osteomas and report the surgical outcomes of our patients. Methods: Fifteen patients diagnosed with symptomatic EAC osteoma who underwent TEES were recruited at two otolaryngology referral centers. The extent of osteoma and degree of EAC stenosis was calculated based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging. We divided all the patients into two groups, solitary pedunculated osteoma or broad-based osteomas. The postoperative outcomes and complications were recorded for at least 6 months of outpatient follow-up. Results: In this study, twelve patients with solitary osteoma underwent the first method, a direct transcanal removal procedure. In this approach, only a small bare bony area remained postoperatively, and it healed completely within 1 month. Three patients with broad based osteoma underwent the second method, a transcanal approach involving a skin flap. The degree of stenosis in all patients ranged from 29% to 90%. All of them could be treated completely through a transcanal endoscopic approach. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted during follow-up, and no canal stenosis and no recurrences were noted during at least 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: This endoscopic transcanal approach to EAC osteomas demonstrated good results for lesion removal without recurrence or intraoperative complications.

The terminology choriostoma describes a tumor-like lesion belonging to hamartomatous group of pathology, that is, normal tissue found in abnormal location. Osseous choriostomas in oral cavity are rare and mostly the cases have been reported in tongue but rarely arising from the interdental gingiva. There are various pathological entities arising from gingiva that give a thought of wider differential diagnosis starting from inflammatory to traumatic origin. Hamartomas in oral cavity are very rare which can definitely be attributed to the sparse literature which leads to misdiagnosis as well failure to understand its biology. In this report, we present a case of osseous choriostoma arising from interdental gingiva in a young female patient in the lower arch.