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Amaç: Şeffaf plak tedavisinin başarılı olabilmesi için, plak materyalinin çevre periodontal dokulara zarar vermeden istenilen diş hareketlerini yaptırabilecek yeterli ortodontik kuvveti sağlaması gerekmektedir. Şeffaf plakların malzemesinin mekanik özellikleri üretilen ortodontik kuvvet için kritik bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı şeffaf plak materyallerinin ortodontik kuvveti etkileyebilecek mekanik özelliklerinin değişimlerinin tespiti ve etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sıfır hipotezi, termoplastik malzemelerden elde edilmiş farklı şeffaf plak materyallerinin farklı mekanik özellikler göstermesi sebebiyle CA Pro, GT Flex, Zendura Flex, Zendura, Taglus ve GT Pro plak materyallerinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmada 6 farklı şeffaf plak materyalinin (CA Pro, GT Flex, Zendura Flex, Zendura, Taglus, GT Pro) mekanik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla ilgili standartlara uygun olarak çekme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Çekme deneyi sonuçlarından materyellerin gerilme uzama eğrilerinin yanında elastisite modülü, çekme dayanımı ve kopma uzaması parametreleri elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar istastiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş ve materyallerin mekanik özellikleri yorumlanmıştır.Bulgular: Materyal türlerine göre elastisite modülü, çekme dayanımı ve kopma uzaması ölçümleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p=0,001; p, Aim: In order for the clear aligner treatment to be successful, the aligner material must provide sufficient orthodontic force to make the desired tooth movements without damaging the surrounding periodontal tissues. It is known that the mechanical properties of the material of the clear aligners have a critical role in the orthodontic force produced. In this study, it is aimed to determine the changes in the mechanical properties of different aligner materials that may affect the orthodontic force and to examine their effects.Method: In this study, tensile tests were performed in accordance with the relevant standards in order to determine the mechanical properties of 6 different clear aligner materials (CA Pro, GT Flex, Zendura Flex, Zendura, Taglus, GT Pro). From the tensile test results, the parameters of the elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break were obtained, as well as the stress-strain curves of the materials. The results were statistically evaluated and the mechanical properties of the materials were interpreted.Results: According to material types, elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break measurements showed statistically significant differences (p=0.001; p

The first objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The main purpose of this research was to compare the effect of cold lateral condensation, continuous wave obturation and core-carrier based techniques on sealer penetration. Sixty mandibular premolars were prepared and allocated into two experimental groups (n=30) as the final irrigation technique and obturation technique experiment. In the final irrigation technique experiment, final irrigation was performed with XP-Endo Finisher, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) (n=10). The roots in the obturation technique experiment were also assigned into 3 groups and obturated with cold lateral condensation, continuous-wave obturation and core-carrier techniques (n=10). The most effective activation method, which emerged as a result of the first part of this study, was used as the final irrigation method in the obturation technique experiment. Then, all roots were sectioned in 1-mm-thick slices at 3mm from the apex for scanning. In terms of depth and percentage of material penetration, CNI exhibited significantly the lowest values and no significant difference was found between others. Also, there was no significant difference among obturation methods. In conclusion, XP-Endo Finisher and PUI are more effective than CNI on irrigant penetration. Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules is independent of obturation techniques. Resumen: El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficacia de XP- Endo Finisher en la penetración de la solución de irrigación en los túbulos dentinarios mediante microscopía de láser confocal. Se prepararon sesenta premolares mandibulares y se distribuyeron en dos grupos experimentales (n=30) según el tipo de método de evaluación utilizado. En el experimento de la técnica de irrigación final, la irrigación final se realizó con XP-Endo Finisher, irrigación ultrasónica pasiva (PUI) e irrigación con aguja convencional (CNI) (n=10). Las raíces en el experimento de la técnica de obturación también se asignaron en 3 grupos y se obturaron con técnicas de condensación lateral fría, obturación de onda continua y portador de núcleo (n=10). El método de activación más eficaz, que surgió como resultado de la primera parte de este estudio, se utilizó como método de irrigación final en el experimento de la técnica de obturación. Luego, todas las raíces se seccionaron en muestras de 1mm de espesor. En términos de profundidad y porcentaje de penetración del material, CNI exhibió significativamente los valores más bajos y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los demás. Además, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los métodos de obturación. En conclusión, XP-Endo Finisher y PUI son más efectivos que CNI en la penetración del irrigante. La penetración del sellador en los túbulos dentinarios es independiente de las técnicas de obturación.

Statement of problem. One of the major challenges in restorative dentistry is to provide optimal esthetics in a minimally invasive way. The optimization of dental esthetics and function is directly related to the position and alignment of the anterior teeth, but whether prerestorative clear aligner therapy will enhance esthetics and minimize restorative needs is unclear. Purpose. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of prerestorative maxillary and mandibular second premolar to second premolar clear aligner therapy in minimizing the need for restorative treatment. Material and methods. Fifty adult patients treated with clear aligners (Invisalign Go; Align Technology) were included in this study. Previously generated 3-dimensional orthodontic simulations and clinical photographs in the ClinCheck/6.0 software program were used. Three restorative treatment plans for each participant were generated for initial (no aligners), Express (after using 7 aligners), and Lite Packages (after using 20 aligners) by 2 blinded restorative dentistry instructors. The maxillary and mandibular teeth in the smile-line (to the second premolars) were included. Assessment criteria were the estimated number of restorations, restoration surfaces and preparations and incisal edge inclusion, and the need for gingival leveling. The Friedman test and Cochran Q test were used for statistical analyses (a=.05). Results. A strong positive correlation was found between the 2 instructors (P

PurposesThis study aimed to contribute to understanding the factors affecting the time of traction treatment of impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisors.MethodsThis retrospective study included children aged 8 – 11 years with a history of trauma, who applied to the pediatric dentistry clinics of Marmara University, School of Dentistry, between December 2013 and December 2019, and were treated for unilateral impacted dilacerated maxillary upper central incisors. Children\"s age, sex, digital panoramic radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography, and intraoral photographs were retrieved from electronic dental health records. The effects of children\"s age, sex, the direction of impacted teeth, distance of the teeth to the top of the alveolar crest, and root dilaceration level on traction time were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman\"s rank correlation coefficient test.ResultsThe inverse position of the incisors significantly increased the traction time (P = 0.012). However, the traction time did not differ according to the sex of the children (P = 0.707) or the level of root dilaceration (P = 0.429). No correlation was observed between the traction time and the age of children (P = 0.644) or the distance of the incisors from the top of the alveolar crest (P = 0.397).ConclusionsIn cases of the forced eruption of for the impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisors, the direction of the teeth should be evaluated when deciding on the treatment plan, as it may affect the treatment time.

Estetik diş restorasyonları için renk uyumunun sağlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Diş hekimliğinde renk seçimi yapılırken görsel ve aletli tekniklerden faydalanılır. Görsel teknikle renk seçimi, çevreden ve gözlemciden etkilenen öznel bir tekniktir. Bunun için spektrofotometre, spektroradyometre, kolorimetre, dijital kameralar, akıllı telefonlar ve yardımcı yazılımların kullanıldığı aletli tekniklere yönelim artmıştır. Bu aletlerin pahalı olması, kalibrasyon ve yazılım güncellemesi gerektirmeleri gibi dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalarda görsel ve aletli tekniklerin bir arada kullanılarak renk seçimi yapılması önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede, renk, ışık ve dişin temel optik özellikleri ve renk seçiminde kullanılan teknikler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Renk seçimi; renk; aletli teknik; görsel teknik Accurate shade selection is essential for esthetic dental restorations. Visual and instrumental shade selection methods are used in dentistry. Visual shade selection is a subjective process depending on observer and environment. Therefore, there\"s been a trend towards using instrumental methods such as spectrophotometer, spectroradiometer, colorimeter, digital cameras, smart phones and related software. However, some instrumental methods have some disadvantages due to their high cost, requirement for calibration and software update. Combining both visual and instrumental methods in shade selection is recommended. In this review, basic information about color, light, optical properties of teeth and methods used in shade selection are mentioned.Keywords: Shade selection; color; instrumental method; visual method

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare clinical, cytokine and microbiological responses after quadrant-based scaling and root planing (Q-SRP), full-mouth SRP (FM-SRP) and full-mouth disinfection (FMD) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), which is currently termed as generalized stage-III and grade-C periodontitis. Methods Forty-two patients with GAgP were randomly assigned into groups as Q-SRP, FM-SRP or FMD with chlorhexidine. Clinical parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment. GCF levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-17 were analysed using ELISA. Quantities of six bacterial species were determined using qPCR. Results Clinical parameters improved significantly in all groups at 3 and 6 months (p 6 mm was lower in the FMD than Q-SRP group at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). FMD showed significantly higher percentage of pocket closure compared with Q-SRP and FM-SRP at both 3 and 6 months after treatment (p < 0.05). The IL-1 beta levels decreased only in the FMD group (p < 0.05), whereas no changes were found in IL-17 levels in any group. The levels of five out of six bacterial species decreased at 3 and/or 6 months only in the FMD group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The FMD treatment appears to offer superior outcome than Q-SRP and could be the first choice for patients with GAgP.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on clinical parameters and the serum and saliva levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 in periodontitis stage III grade C (III-C) patients after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Methods: A total of 60 subjects, 40 periodontitis-III-C patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 20 non-smoker periodontally healthy individuals, were included. All clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva and serum samples were collected from all patients at baseline, but at 1 and 3 months only from periodontitis patients (N=40). Saliva and serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 were analyzed by ELISA. Results: At baseline only whole mouth probing depth (PD) and percent of sites with PD>5mm were higher in smokers than non-smoker periodontitis patients (p.05). Only saliva IL-34 levels were higher in all-periodontitis patients than healthy individuals (p=.001) and decreased in both periodontitis groups after NSPT (p

Diabetes mellitus (DM, diabetes) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, a hormone secreted by the β- cells of the pancreas, as well as disorders in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, capillary membrane changes and accelerated atherosclerosis. (1-10) In other words, diabetes is defined as an endocrine disorder that can occur in the absence of insulin and is characterized by hypofunction of the islets of Langerhans βcells, resulting in excessive increase of blood glucose levels and excretion of glucose from the urine. With this metabolic disorder, the pancreas may produce insufficient insulin, or peripheral tissues may become insulin resistant. (1,4,6,7)

Background and aim. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Romania was followed by the declaration of an Emergency State and the subsequent lockdown. As all the schools and universities ceased onsite activities, the teaching process continued exclusively online, on different platforms, such as Microsoft Teams or Zoom. Objectives. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate how the lifestyle changes imposed by the Covid-19 lockdown and online lectures influenced the learning experience of Romanian dental students, as their point of view could bring new information which might contribute to improving the teaching process. Methods. The questionnaire had 28 items, each with either a Likert Scale or a multiple-choice option and was distributed in April 2020, one month after implementation of circulation restrictions and social distancing. Results. Compared to classical teaching, we found that the online teaching process had a lower efficiency, with a higher satisfaction level for online courses, but lower for online practical teaching activities. The absence of human interaction was found to be detrimental to the teaching process. Conclusion. Despite the lower efficiency of online learning, it was a good alternative that helped students continue their education in the situation created by the outbreak of Covid-19. For higher learning efficiency, a compromise method consisting of online courses and onsite practical training could be a better alternative.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; son kullanma tarihleri 1 yıl, 2 yıl ve 3 yıl geçmiş rezin kompozitlerin (RK) dönüşüm derecelerini karşılaştırarak kullanımlarındaki güven aralığını değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metod: Üç farklı RK'den (Herculite XRV-Ultra A2-dentin, son kullanma tarihi 3 yıl ve 1 yıl geçmiş; Herculite Classic A2, son kullanma tarihi 2 yıl geçmiş; Kerr) 9 adet disk (8 x2 mm) hazırlandı (n=3). RK silikon kalıplara yerleştirildi, her iki tarafı şeffaf bantlar ile kapatıldı ve LED ışıklı cihaz ile (Valo, Ultradent) ile 20 sn parmak basıncı altında polimerizasyonu takiben numuneler 37°C'de 24 saat distile suda bekletildi. Dönüşüm derecesini (%DC) belirlemek için Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektrometre (FT-IR, JASCO) ile örnekleme kullanılarak polimerize olmuş ve olmamış kompozitler üzerinde spektral analizler yapıldı. Ortaya çıkan FT-IR spektrumu, 20 °C ortam sıcaklığında 4000–400 cm-1 spektral aralığında kaydedildi; kullanılan çözünürlük dört tarama ile 4 cm-1 ’dir. Veriler SPSS (SPSS Inc.) ile tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey testleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. Anlamlılık düzeyi p

© 2023 The Korean Association of Orthodontists.Objective: Surgically assisted maxillary protraction is an alternative protocol in severe Class III cases or after the adolescent growth spurt involving increased maxillary advancement. Correction of the maxillary deficiency has been suggested to improve pharyngeal airway dimensions. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to analyze the airway changes cephalometrically following surgically assisted maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics. Methods: The study population consisted of 15 Class III patients treated with surgically assisted maxillary protraction combined with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics (mean age: 12.9 ± 1.2 years). Growth changes were initially assessed for a mean of 5.5 ± 1.6 months prior to treatment. Airway and skeletal changes in the control (T0), pre-protraction (T1), post-protraction (T2), and follow-up (T3) periods were monitored and compared using lateral cephalometric radiographs. Statistical significance was set at p 0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in the airway parameters in the follow-up period either. However, Sella to Gonion distance increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the follow-up period. Conclusions: No significant changes in pharyngeal airway parameters were found during the control, maxillary protraction, and follow-up periods. Moreover, the significant increases in the skeletal parameters during maxillary protraction were maintained in the long-term.

Purpose To evaluate color differences in repair of indirect ceramic and resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks with two universal shade composites after different surface preparations. Materials and Methods 120 samples were prepared from IPS Empress and GC Cerasmart270 CAD/ CAM blocks and thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5 degrees C-55 degrees C). Initial colors of sample surfaces were measured using a spectrophotometer. Rectangular prism-shaped cavities were prepared and repaired with Tokuyama Universal Bond/Omnichroma and G-Multiprimer/G-Premio/Essentia Universal following surface preparation with aluminum oxide, Cojet, and bioactive glass (Sylc). Repaired samples were thermocycled (5000 cycles) and color measurement was performed. Color coordinates L*a*b* were recorded, and color differences were calculated using the CIELab formula. Color differences between pre-and post-repair ( increment E1) and between post-repair and post-aging ( increment E2) were determined. Data were analyzed using Three-way ANOVA with a significance level set at p0.05). Conclusion Color match of the universal shade composites, which are preferred to increase the esthetic satisfaction and to simplify repair procedures, were found above the acceptable threshold. Post-aging color stability of universal shade composites was below the acceptable threshold.

Composite plastering technique (CPT) is a novel restoration improvement technique for eliminating and re-contouring the marginal defects. Restoration-related interproximal contour deficiencies such as dark triangles beneath the contact point following direct class II restorations, the gaps at the interproximal cavity step following indirect cementations, and the gaps at the interproximal wall following class III restoration layering procedures can be corrected using the CPT. The technique may also be used as a layering step during the free-hand layering in diastema closure restorations. Contour deficiencies on interproximal surfaces which lead to the renewal of restoration and periodontal damages can be prevented by additional direct composite build-up using the CPT. The technique can be performed either immediately after the restoration directly or long after by using the composite repair protocol. It focuses on filling and re-contouring the surface of the deficiency by using a mylar strip actively under rubberdam isolation. Composite is loaded between the strip and the tooth surface and the strip is pulled slightly in palato-buccal or the opposite direction depending on the location of the defect, to fill it by plastering the composite. It may contribute the longevity of the restoration by improving the emergence profile and correcting the interproximal contour. Re-contouring of the interproximal surface defects by CPT is a useful approach to improve the esthetics as well as the function of anterior and posterior direct and indirect restorations which may also prolong the longevity.

Amaç: Aktif büyüme dönemindeki çocuk hastalarda Sınıf II maloklüzyon ve artmış overjetin en etkili tedavi seçeneklerinden bir tanesi twin blok apareyidir. Bu vaka raporunda twin blok apareyi ile overjetin azaltılması ve alt çenenin fonksiyonel olarak tedavi edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Birey ve Yöntem: 12 yaşındaki kadın hasta kliniğimize yetersiz gülüş estetiği şikayeti ile başvurmuştur. Hastanın klinik muayenesinde geç karışık dişlenme evresinde olup, dental Sınıf II maloklüzyon, artmış overjet, maksiller darlık,karanlık bukkal koridorlar, artmış spee eğrisi ve konveks profil; radyolojik muayenesinde ise iskeletsel Sınıf II maloklüzyon, azalmış yüz yüksekliği ve artmış kesici eğimlerine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Hastanın yaşı ve bulguları göz önünde bulundurulunca bir fonksiyonel çene ortopedisi yöntemi olan twin blok apareyi uygun görülmüştür. Twin blok apareyi üst çenede ekspansiyon vidası ve palatinal konumda olan 21 numaralı dişe z zemberek eklenecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Teslim seansında hasta ve velisine apareyin günde en az 16 saat kullanılması gerektiği anlatılmıştır. Hasta 6 haftalık kontrollerle takip edilmiş ve maksiller birinci molar dişlerin palatinal tüberküllerinin transvers olarak mandibular birinci molar dişlerin bukkal tüberkülleri hizasına gelmesine kadar genişletme yapılmıştır. Apareyin mandibular molar ve premolar dişlerin oklüzal yüzeylerine temas eden kısımları gerekli görülen seanslarda erüpsiyon amacıyla aşındırılmıştır. Tedavi 15. ayda sonlandırılmıştır. Tedavi başı ve sonunda alınan ağız içi taramalar ve lateral sefalometrik radyografiler çakıştırılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Hastanın 15 aylık twin blok tedavisi sonrası bilateral molar ilişkisi Sınıf II’den Sınıf I’e; bilateral kanin ilişkileri ise baş başa ilişkiye getirilmiştir. Yapılan yavaş ekspansiyon ile interkanin ve intermolar mesafe yaklaşık 4 mm artmıştır. Bu sayede maksiller darlık ve karanlık bukkal koridorlar giderilmiştir. Artmış overjet ve spee eğrisi azaltılmış; profili kabul edilebilir seviyeye getirilmiştir.Sonuç: Doğru büyüme döneminde ve etkin bir şekilde kullanılırsa twin blok apareyi Sınıf II maloklüzyonun hem transvers hem de sagital düzeltiminde iyi bir seçenektir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Maksiller darlık, Overjet, Twin blok Objective: Twin block appliance is one of the most effectivetreatment methods for children with Class II malocclusion andincreased overjet in active growth period. In the present casereport, the objective was to reduce overjet and treat mandiblewith functional jaw orthopedics using twin block appliance.Subject and Method: Twelve-year-old female patient wasreferred to our clinic with the chief complaint of her smile. Inthe clinical examination, she was observed to be in late mixeddentition with dental Class II malocclusion, increased overjet,maxillary constriction, dark buccal corridors, increased curveof spee, and convex profile. Radiographically, she had skeletalClass II malocclusion, low angle vertical growth pattern,and increased incisor inclinations. Considering her age andoral manifestations, functional jaw orthopedics with twinblock appliance was indicated for the treatment. Maxillaryappliance was designed to comprise an expansion screw anda z-spring for the palatally positioned #21. During deliveryappointment the patient and her family were instructed forat least 16 hours/day wear time. The patient was followedupevery 6 weeks. The expansion was stopped when themaxillary molars’ palatal cusps were aligned with mandibularmolars’ buccal cusps, transversely. Treatment duration was15 months. The superimpositions of the initial and final scansand lateral cephalograms were compared.Results: After completion of twin block therapy, patient hadbilateral Class I molar relationship and cusp to cusp ClassII canine relationship. Intercanine and intermolar widths wereincreased approximately 4mm each side with the help of slowmaxillary expansion. This helped the elimination of maxillaryconstriction and dark buccal corridors. Increased overjetand curve of spee were reduced; profile was improved to anacceptable level.Conclusion: Twin block is a good treatment option for ClassII malocclusion both transversely and sagittally if it is usedeffectively and at the right growth period.Keywords: Maxillary constriction, Overjet, Twin Block

Amaç: Türkiye’deki ortodontistlerin şeffaf plak tedavisine bakış açılarını değerlendirmek.Yöntemler: Türk Ortodonti Derneği üyelerinin şeffaf plaklar hakkındaki tercihlerini araştırmak, sektördeki farklı markalar hakkındaki görüşlerini ve bu tedavi yönteminin geleceğine bakış açılarını değerlendirmek amacıyla 14 sorudan oluşan bir web tabanlı anket geliştirilmiş ve kendilerine e-posta yoluyla gönderilmiştir.Bulgular: Ankete katılanların %62,7’si şu anda hastalarını plak kullanarak tedavi ediyor ve %76.7’si ‘Invisalign’ (Align Technology, California, USA) plak markasını kullanmayı tercih ediyor. Ortodontistlerin plakları kullanmalarının temel nedeni, ‘teknolojide geri kalmamak’ ve ‘toplumda prestij sahibi olmak’ idi. Ankete katılan ortodontistlerin çoğu (%83,8) sabit apareylere kıyasla daha az şeffaf plak hastası tedavi ediyor. Ankete katılan ortodontistlerin büyük çoğunluğu (%70), plaklarla tedavinin yakın gelecekte sabit apareylerin yerini tamamen alacağına inanmıyor. Katılımcıların %28,6’sı ‘finansal getirisinin düşük olması’ ve ‘plak tedavilerinin karmaşıklığı’ nedeniyle önümüzdeki 1-2 yıl içinde şeffaf plak tedavisini kullanmayı düşünmediklerini belirtmiştir.Sonuç: Ankete katılan ortodontistlerin çoğu, şeffaf plakları sabit apareylerden daha etkili/rahat olduğuna inandıkları veya daha karlı oldukları için değil, toplum içinde prestij sahibi olmak ve teknolojide geri kalmamak için kullandığını belirtmiştir. Bu nedenle sabit aparey tedavisinin yakın gelecekte bir seçenek olarak ortodonti pratiğindeki yerini koruyacağı düşünülmektedir., Aim: To evaluate orthodontists’ perspectives on clear aligner treatment in Turkey.Methods: A novel web-based survey consisting of 14 questions was developed and sent to 2027 members of the Turkish Orthodontic Society via e-mail to evaluate the reasons for why or why not they prefer clear aligners, their opinions about different brands in the market and their perspective on the future of this treatment modality. The association between demographic data and multiple choice questions was examined using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The association between Likert-type questions and practice characteristics was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey’s post hoc tests.Results: 62.7% of the 218 respondents currently treat their patients using clear aligners and 76.7% of them prefer Invisalign (Align Technology, California, USA), a clear aligner brand. The main reasons given by orthodontists to use clear aligners were ‘not to lag behind in technology’ and ‘to have prestige in the community’. The majority of participants (83.8%) treat fewer patients with clear aligners than with fixed appliances. 70% of the surveyed orthodontists do not believe that treatment with clear aligners will completely replace treatments with fixed appliances in the near future. 28.6% of the participants stated that they do not intend to use clear aligner treatment in at least the next 1-2 years due to ‘low financial income’ and ‘complexity of clear aligner treatments.Conclusion: The majority of the surveyed orthodontists currently use clear aligners in their practice, not because they believe clear aligners are more effective or more comfortable than braces or because they are more profitable, but rather to have prestige in the community and not to lag behind in technology. Therefore, it seems that fixed appliance treatment will maintain its place in orthodontic practice as an option for the near future.

Carriere Motion Apareyi ile Sagital Düzeltim Öncelikli Yaklaşım İlk ismi \"Carriere Distalizer\" olan Carriere Motion apareyi Sınıf II maloklüzyonun düzeltimini amaçlayan bir distalizasyon aygıtı olarak Dr. Luis Carriere tarafından ortodonti pratiğine kazandırılmıştır. Yıllar içinde Sınıf II vakalar için üst posterior segmentin distalizasyonu, Sınıf III vakarda ise alt posterior segmentin distalizasyonu için farklı modüller tasarlanmış ve aygıt \"Carriere Motion\" apareyi adını almıştır. Sunumda, bu aygıtla beraber sagital düzeltimin tedavinin ilk basamaklarına taşımanın avantajlarına, biyomekanik özelliklere, tedavi ile meydana gelen değişikliklere değinilecektir. Aygıtın uygulanışı esnasında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar Sınıf II ve Sınıf III vaka örnekleri ile özetlenecektir. Sagittal First Approach with the Carriere Motion Appliance Carriere Motion appliance, whose first name was \"Carriere Distalizer\", was introduced into the orthodontic practice by Dr. Luis Carriere. Over the years, different modules have been designed for the distalization of the upper posterior segment for Class II cases and for the distalization of the lower posterior segment for Class III cases, and the device has been named the \"Carriere Motion\" appliance. In the presentation, the advantages of carrying the sagittal correction to the first steps of the treatment course, the biomechanical properties of the appliance, the changes that occur with the treatment will be discussed. Tips and tricks to be considered during the clinical application of the device will be summarized with Class II and Class III case examples.

MMP3(rs679620) VEVDR(rs731236) GENLERİNDE OLUŞANPOLİMORFİZMLERİN GEN-ÇEVRE ETKİLEŞİMLERİ İLE ÇÜRÜK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ÜZERİNE OLAN ETKİLERİSeda Özmen,Pınar Yılmaz Atalı, Ömer Birkan Ağralı, Becte Tacal Aslan, Özlem Özge Yılmaz,Tolga Polat, Mehmet Burak Aksu, Korkut UlucanAmaç:Günümüzde yapılan çürük risk modellerinde çoklu değişkenler eklenmiş ve özellikle gen-çevre etkileşimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı;VDRveMMP3genlerinde meydana gelen gen polimorfizmlerin etkilerinin değerlendirilip çürük risk modellemesi üzerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem:Çalışma populasyonu, fakülte hastanesine başvuran 20-44 yaş aralığındaki erkek bireylerde rutin ağız içi muayenesi sonrasında çürük, eksik ve restorasyonlu dişler (DMFT) indeksine göre tanı konulan ‘yüksek çürük risk’(DMFT ≥ 14) ve düşük çürük risk’(DMFT£5) olarak 2 gruptan oluşturulmuştur (n=160). Detaylı anamnez alınan katılımcılardan plak indeksi, gingival indeks sondalamada kanama, sondalama derinliği, klinik ataşman seviyesi ve tükürük tamponlama kapasitesi, tükürük streptekok mutans (SM) ve laktobasil (LB) sayısı ölçülmüştür.Katılımcılardan alınan kan örneklerinden DNA izolasyonları sonrasında,MMP3(rs679620)veVDR(rs731236)genotiplemesi ise Real-time PZR tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarakanlamlılık düzeyi p

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental dental anomaly and is defined as a tubercle-like structure that may contain pulp tissue as well as enamel and dentin. Although it is usually associated with premolars, it is also seen in incisors (talon cusp). This anomaly, which is more common among Asians, may affect both genders and may be observed unilaterally or bilaterally. Clinically, it may cause complications such as caries, malocclusion, occlusal trauma, and pulp necrosis. Radiologically, the V-shaped radiopaque structure superimposed over the affected crown may mimic the appearance of a mesiodens, compound odontoma, or supernumerary tooth.Clinical and radiological examination of a 16-year-old male patient who admitted to our clinic with aesthetic concerns and treatment of decayed teeth was performed. In the intra-oral examination, a conical accessory cusp was noted on the lingual surface of the left maxillary central incisor. A typical V-shaped radiopaque structure superimposed on the affected crown was observed on the periapical radiograph taken from the relevant area. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was used to evaluate the restorative treatment options by examining the pulp extension in the relevant tubercle. The patient was referred to the Department of Restorative Dentistry for restoration of the retentive areas and caries.DE, which is a rare anomaly, should be evaluated together with clinical and radiological findings. Consideration of genetic transmission is quite important for early diagnosis. CBCT imaging will provide significant advantage to the clinician in preventive and minimally invasive applications., Dens evaginatus (DE) gelişimsel bir dental anomali olup, mine ve dentin dokusunun yanı sıra pulpa dokusunu da içerebilen tüberkül benzeri yapı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Genellikle premolar dişlerle ilişkilendirilmekle birlikte, kesici dişlerde de görülmektedir (talon tüberkülü). Asya kökenlilerde daha sık rastlanan bu anomali, her iki cinsiyeti de etkileyebilmekte ve unilateral veya bilateral olarak izlenebilmektedir. Klinik olarak; çürük, maloklüzyon, oklüzal travma ve pulpa nekrozu gibi komplikasyonlara sebep olabilir. Radyolojik olarak, etkilenen kuron üzerine süperpoze olan “V” şeklindeki radyo-opak yapı mesiodens, kompound odontoma veya sürnumerer diş görüntüsünü taklit edebilir.Estetik kaygılar ve çürük dişlerinin tedavisi için kliniğimize başvuran 16 yaşındaki erkek hastanın klinik ve radyolojik muayenesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İntra-oral muayenede, sol maksiller santral kesici dişin lingual yüzeyinde konik şekilli aksesuar tüberkül saptanmıştır. İlgili bölgeden alınan periapikal radyografide, etkilenen kuron üzerine süperpoze olmuş tipik “V” şekilli radyo-opak yapı izlenmiştir. İlgili tüberküldeki pulpa uzantısının incelenmesi ve restoratif tedavilerin bu doğrultuda şekillendirilmesi için konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntülemeye başvurulmuştur. Hasta, retantif alanların ve çürüklerin restorasyonu için Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı’na sevk edilmiştir.Nadir rastlanan bir anomali olan DE, klinik ve radyolojik bulgularla birlikte değerlendirilmelidir. Genetik aktarımın göz önünde bulundurulması erken tanı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Koruyucu/önleyici ve minimal invaziv uygulamaların KIBT görüntüleme ile desteklenmesi klinisyene önemli avantaj sağlayacaktır.

BackgroundManual or mechanized instruments can be used for root canal preparation. Manual instrumentation using K-files is widely used in primary teeth, but there are many limitations. Mechanized root canal preparation can lead to easy access to all canals, decrease instrumentation time, and result in more funnel-shaped root canals, resulting in a more predictable uniform paste fill.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability and instrumentation time of VDW.ROTATE™ and EdgeTaper Platinum™ during the preparation of resin-printed primary molars. Hand K-files were used as a reference for comparison.DesignSixty-six resin-based maxillary second primary molars, obtained from extracted tooth cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image and printed on a three-dimensional printer, were divided into three groups: VDW.ROTATE™, EdgeTaper Platinum™, and K-files. The specimens were scanned using CBCT imaging before and after root canal preparation. Images were registered using a dedicated software, and changes (Δ) in the canal area, volume, and untouched canal surface were calculated. Instrumentation time was evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program.ResultsThere was no significant difference among the tested file systems for Δ canal volume and area (p > .05). VDW.ROTATE™, however, showed significantly lower untouched canal surface area than other systems in all roots (p