Search

The article presents a case study of a 57 year old Chinese woman with a rare and potentially new syndrome characterized by palate-bucca fusion, cleft palate, and supernumerary teeth. It describes her unique condition involving a bridge-like fusion tissue from the buccal mucosa to the palate, a cleft in the soft palate, and multiple dental anomalies.

Background: The specific mechanism underlying the role of oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts in angiogenesis remains undefined. Herein, the expression of Galectin‐3 in oral lichen planus and verifying whether Galectin‐3 can promote angiogenesis through oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts has been investigated. Methods: The expression of Galectin‐3 and CD34 in the oral lichen planus tissues (n = 30) and normal oral mucosa tissues (n = 15) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Galectin‐3 in the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Galectin‐3 overexpression lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected with oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts. In addition, oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts were treated with GB1107 (5 and 10 μM) to inhibit Galectin‐3 expression and co‐cultured with human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells, and analyzed by Transwell and tube formation assays. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 in oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was detected, and the expression and phosphorylation levels of VEGFR2 and FAP in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells were determined. Results: Oral lichen planus subcutaneous tissues highly expressed Galectin‐3, positively correlated with angiogenesis. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts expressed significantly higher Galectin‐3 than NFs. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts overexpressing Galectin‐3 enhanced the migration and tube‐forming capacity of co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. In oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts, 10 μM GB1107 reduced the proliferation and migration capacity, decreased the expression of α‐SMA, FAP, VEGF, and FGF2, and inhibited the tube‐forming capacity and the expression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation and FAK in co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. Conclusions: The upregulation of Galectin‐3 expression in oral lichen planus is associated with angiogenesis, and the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts promote human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells migration and tube‐forming differentiation through VEGFR2/FAP activation by Galectin‐3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingival carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm affecting the oral mucosa and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum water extracts have gotten a lot of attention because of their bioactive components, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antiproliferative actions. This study aimed to evaluate the histological and molecular effects of Allium ampeloprasum (leek) water extract on the proliferation of the murine gingival cancer cell line. Histological evaluation was conducted to examine morphological changes induced by extract treatment. Molecular mechanisms underlying the observed histological changes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression levels of key genes associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. Histological findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease (100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 µg/ml) in cell density and altered cell shape in the treated cell line. Also, the percentage of inhibition for the oral mucosa cell line was high, with a significant P of 0.006, in the treated group compared to the control group. Additionally, water extract has an IC50 value of 61 g/ml. The P53 fold increment of gene expression is 0.6, which means the expression level in the experimental condition is 60% higher than the control. This study provides evidence for the potential antiproliferative activity of Allium ampeloprasum water extract on the oral mucosa cell line. The observed histological changes, coupled with the modulation of key genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis, suggest that leek water extract may have therapeutic implications in managing oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the color change, the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS), and gingival irritation (GI) of at‐home bleaching applied on the buccal surface only or the buccal and lingual surfaces. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with canines A2 or darker were selected and their superior arches were randomized in two groups: at‐home bleaching on the buccal‐only or on the buccal and lingual surfaces, with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, for 1 h daily/2 weeks. The color change was evaluated at baseline, 7, 14 days, and 1 month after bleaching using shade guides scales (ΔSGU) and a spectrophotometer (ΔEAB, ΔE00, and ΔWID). Risk and intensity of TS and GI were recorded daily using visual analogic scale (0–10). Patient satisfaction was evaluated with the orofacial esthetics. Paired t‐test, McNemar's, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used for data analysis (α = 5%). Results: Neither the color change nor the risk/intensity of TS was statistically different between groups (p > 0.05). Patient satisfaction increased after bleaching for both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of one contact surface does not result in an increased whitening degree compared to bleaching applied solely on the buccal surface. Clinical Significance: Understanding the influence of surfaces interacting with the bleaching agent is crucial for comprehending the bleaching mechanism and avoiding unnecessary material expenses. Notably, employing the buccal‐only technique is sufficient to achieve the desired efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate all studies which used the micronucleus assay using oral cells in the attempt to understand whether such technique is efficient in evaluating genotoxicity in gas station attendants. Full manuscripts from 16 studies were carefully selected by the authors. Our results demonstrate that continuous exposure to derivatives of petroleum may lead to genotoxic effects since all studies demonstrated positive findings (16 out of 16) and 11 of them had a strong or moderate final rating. In summary, our results reveal that gas station attendants are occupationally exposed to genotoxic agents and that the micronucleus assay in oral mucosa is indeed an effective method to evaluate genotoxicity in this specific case. Such findings are very important for protecting these professionals who are continuously exposed to chemicals for long periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permeability of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), from bilayer mucoadhesive buccal films, through a biomimetic membrane, Permeapad™, was investigated employing Franz diffusion cell. The delivery systems composition and ethyl cellulose (EC) backing layer, on drug permeability, were assessed. Three TA-loaded films were tested; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M; bilayer [F1] and monolayer), HPMC K4M/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): 90/10 [F2], and HPMC K15M film [F3]. All films contained propylene glycol (PG-plasticiser). TA solution alone was used as a control. TA permeability via a Permeapad™ barrier, simulating buccal mucosa, was assessed over 8 h using a Franz diffusion cell. TA permeated into the receptor compartment, released in the donor compartment, and located on/within the Permeapad™ barrier were analysed using UV-spectrophotometer. 45.7 % drug retention within the Permeapad™ barrier was delivered from F1 (highest). F1, F2, and F3 significantly improved the TA's permeability through Permeapad™, compared to TA solution alone (e.g., 8.5 % TA-solution, 21.5 %-F1), attributed to the synergy effect of HPMC and propylene glycol acting as penetration enhancers. F1 displayed a significant increase in drug permeability (receptor compartment; 21.5 %) compared to F3 (17.0 %). PVP significantly enhanced drug permeability (27.5 %). Impermeable EC backing layer controlled unidirectional drug release and reduced drug loss into the donor compartment (e.g., ∼28 % for monolayer film to ∼10 % for bilayer film, F1). The mucoadhesive films demonstrated improved TA permeability via Permeapad™. The findings suggest that these bilayer mucoadhesive films, particularly F1, hold promise for the effective topical treatment of oral mucosa disorders, such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus. • Bilayer mucoadhesive buccal films to enhance TA permeability through Permeapad™. • F1-highest TA retention in Permeapad™ for potentially treating oral mucosa disorders. • EC backing layer minimized the loss of TA into the donor compartment. • The biomimetic membrane, Permeapad™ was successfully used for TA permeation assay. • Franz cell was used to predict the amount of drug permeating across Permeapad™. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals diagnosed with Fanconi anemia (FA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with FA patients from two Brazilian referral centers. Participants underwent a complete dental, periodontal, and oral mucosa examination, as well as assessment of resting salivary flow. The short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was administered. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, followed by multivariate analysis to examine the impact of independent variables on OHRQoL. Results: The study included 20 (57.1%) males and 15 (42.9%) females, with a mean age of 18.9 years. Oral leukoplakia (OL) was found in 18 individuals. The overall OHIP-14 score was 9.9 ± 10.5. Individuals aged ≥ 16 years had higher OHIP-14 scores, indicating worse OHRQoL for physical pain (p = 0.007), psychological discomfort (p = 0.001), physical disability (p = 0.03), psychological disability (p = 0.001), handicap (p = 0.004), and overall score (p = 0.007). Females reported more negative OHRQoL than males for physical pain (p = 0.02), psychological discomfort (p = 0.03), psychological disability (p = 0.009), and overall score (p = 0.02). Individuals with OL had an overall OHIP-14 score 1.83 times higher than those without OL (95% CI: 1.02–3.28; p = 0.04). Lower salivary flow correlated with higher overall OHIP-14 scores (95% CI: 0.14–0.84; p = 0.01). Conclusion: This study represents the first attempt to evaluate OHRQoL in individuals with FA. The presence of OL and reduced salivary flow were identified as predictors of a negative impact on OHRQoL. It is imperative to integrate patients' quality of life in the clinical treatment protocols for the FA population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2020, a fourth parity sow gave birth to a litter of piglets with four piglets presenting pox-like skin lesions. Lesions were distributed over the whole skin surface and ulcerative lesions were also observed on the mucosa of the oral cavity. The skin lesions were described as looking like pox lesions. Virological and histopathological investigations confirmed congenital suipoxvirus infection. Since there is no effective treatment available, the farmer was recommended to improve hygiene. No further cases occurred after this single event. In the past, suipoxvirus infections were mainly related to improper hygiene conditions and to pig lice as vectors. Today, conventional pigs are usually kept under good hygienic conditions and pig lice are not reported anymore to occur in Austrian conventional pig farming systems. Therefore, we speculate, that other living vectors, such as the stable fly, may play a role in the transmission of suipoxvirus between and within farms and in the occurrence of congenital suipoxvirus infections in neonatal piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Persistent buccopharyngeal membrane (PBM) is a rare anomaly associated with failure of ecto-endodermal resorption of the buccopharyngeal membrane on the 26th day of intrauterine life. The current literature has insufficient information about PBM. Design: Systematic Review. Patients, Participants: Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available data until 30th August 2022, with no language restriction. Additional sources such as Google Scholar, major journals, gray literature, conference proceedings, and cross-referencing were also explored. Main Outcome Measures: The present systematic review evaluated and analysed the data available on PBM along with its treatment options and clinicopathological findings, prevalence, and prognosis of the patient. Results: Thirty-four publications with 37 reported cases were included in this systematic review. The majority of patients had dyspnea (n = 18), followed by dysphagia (n = 10). Approximately 16 patients suffering from PBM reported orofacial abnormalities. Seventeen patients reported complete PBM, and 18 patients had partial PBM. The treatment modality followed by most patients (n = 15) was surgical excision of the membrane, along with stent placement in four patients. Oropharyngeal reconstruction was performed in four cases. The overall prognosis and survival rate of this rare condition is good. Conclusion: This review suggests that PBM is poorly understood, and the diagnosis of partial PBM is confirmed only when the patient complains of difficulty in breathing or eating. In-depth analysis and follow-up of the reported cases should be performed to diagnose the disease early so that clinicians can provide adequate treatment to the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop HGs based on cationic guar gum (CGG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PG), and citric acid (CA) using a 2k factorial experimental design to optimize their properties. HGs were characterized through FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biological activities of HGs were determined by evaluating their mucoadhesive capacity and antibacterial activity in vitro, whereas their toxicity was analyzed using Artemia salina nauplii as an in vivo model. Results revealed that HGs were successfully optimized for their viscosity, pH, and sensory properties, and it was observed that varying concentrations of PEG-75 did not influence them. Through SEM analyses, it was noted that increased levels of PEG-75 resulted in HGs with distinct porosity and textures, whereas FTIR and Raman spectroscopy exhibited representative peaks of the raw materials used during the synthesis process. TGA studies indicated the thermal stability of HGs, as they presented degradation patterns at 100 and 300 °C. The synthesized HGs exhibited similar mucoadhesion kinetic profiles, demonstrating a displacement factor at an equilibrium of 0.57 mm/mg at 5 min. The antibacterial activity of HGs was appraised as poor against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to their MIC90 values (>500 μg/mL). Regarding A. salina, treatment with HGs neither decreased their viability nor induced morphological changes. The obtained results suggest the suitability of CGG/PEG HGs for oral mucosa drug delivery and expand the knowledge about their mucoadhesive capacity, antibacterial potential, and in vivo biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children presents multifaceted challenges, impacting various aspects of health, including oral health. This narrative review provides a comprehensive synthesis of literature focusing on the oral health status of pediatric CKD patients, encompassing oral manifestations, dental considerations, and management challenges associated with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. A comprehensive search strategy was employed, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant literature on oral manifestations in children with CKD, including those undergoing hemodialysis or renal transplantation. Search terms were carefully selected to capture studies examining enamel hypoplasia, dental caries, delayed tooth eruption, gingival diseases, periodontal diseases, radiographic alterations, craniofacial development, dry mouth, and changes in the oral mucosa. Our narrative review meticulously selected articles through a systematic process. Ultimately, 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Relevant data from each included study were independently extracted and synthesized, focusing on oral manifestations and their implications in pediatric CKD patients. The synthesized findings were organized and presented in a structured manner within the review article, considering their clinical implications and informing recommendations for dental management of children with CKD. This article highlights the importance of a coordinated effort between nephrologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals in providing holistic care for pediatric CKD patients. A comprehensive understanding of the oral health status of these children, along with proactive dental management strategies, contributes to improved overall health outcomes and a better quality of life. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for the oral healthcare providers involved in the care of pediatric CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify a quantitative index for optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to discriminate tumours from surrounding tissues. Subjects and methods: Based on OCT measurements, mean grey values were determined from 432 locations on fifty-four human tissue specimens (eighteen cancerous, para-cancerous, and normal tissues each). These results were histologically evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Results: The mean grey values of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) measurements were significantly different from those of the surrounding healthy tissue (p value < 0.0001), with the former being higher. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting tumourous tissue using this approach were 93 and 94%, respectively. Conclusions: OCT as a non-invasive, real-time imaging method, correlates well with H&E pathological images. It can effectively distinguish squamous cell carcinoma from normal tissues with high sensitivity and specificity and is thus expected to assist and guide tumour margin evaluation. Clinical relevance: This discovery highlights the potential of OCT in the objective evaluation of tumour margin during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion To investigate Treponema pallidum detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays in acquired oral syphilis (AOS).Thirty‐seven paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of AOS (32 secondary and five primary) were analyzed, integrating double‐positive serological results with clinicodemographic and histopathological data. T. pallidum presence was semiquantitatively assessed by IHC, while RT‐PCR targeted T. pallidum DNA. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).The study included mostly females (62.2%) with a mean age of 27.1 years. T. pallidum was detected in all samples by IHC, predominantly in the epithelium across all layers (43.2%). RT‐PCR identified T. pallidum DNA in 32 cases, with negative results observed in cases of secondary AOS. The AUC for IHC versus disease stage was 62.5% (95% CI: 45.1–77.8), and for RT‐PCR, it was 57.8% (95% CI: 40.5–73.8). The AUC comparing IHC to RT‐PCR was 83.8% (95% CI: 67.9–93.8).This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the proposed direct detection algorithm for AOS. IHC and RT‐PCR serve as ancillary tools for detecting T. pallidum in both primary and secondary stages of AOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preventing the progression of chronic oral graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is essential for maintaining oral health, improving quality of life, minimizing functional impairment, reducing systemic complications, and addressing treatment challenges. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of early intervention with oral mucosal barrier protective agents in preventing the progression of cGVHD and its impact on oral health, quality of life, and treatment response. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 75 participants, with 34 in the non-oral mucosal barrier protective agent group and 41 in the oral mucosal barrier protective agent group. Baseline characteristics, oral mucosal health parameters, quality of life assessments, and curative effect data were collected and compared between the two study groups. Results: The group receiving oral mucosal barrier protectants (n = 41) exhibited significantly lower severity of oral mucositis compared to the group without such protectants (n = 34) (2.12 ± 0.48 vs. 2.56 ± 0.63, P = 0.001) and the incidence of complications was significantly lower in the group receiving oral mucosal barrier protectants (P < 0.05). Additionally, the quality of life assessment showed marked improvements in somatization, emotional management, and social reintegration in the oral mucosal barrier protectant group compared to the group without these protectants (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the assessment of treatment efficacy revealed significantly higher rates of both complete and partial responses in the oral mucosal barrier protectant group, along with a notable reduction in disease progression compared to the group without these protectants (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Early intervention with oral mucosal barrier protective agents was associated with improved oral health parameters, enhanced quality of life, and a more favorable treatment response in the context of cGVHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, disulfonamides piperazine derivatives were synthesized by Hinsberg reaction of various sulfonyl chlorides with 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine and evaluation their cell proliferation activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallographic techniques. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the central piperazine ring and two terminal substituted sulfonyl phenyl rings joined by sulfonamide linkage are present in every structure. The cell proliferation activity of synthesized compounds was measured on human buccal mucosa oral fibroblast primary cell lines. Among the synthesized compounds, 4-nitro-N-(2-{4-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-(4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide and 2-nitro-N-(2-{4-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)benzenesulfonamide showed potential activity against tested cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy dysfunction has been closely related with pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may act as potent anti‐inflammatory agents and also modulators of autophagy in target cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EVs modulate autophagy flux in human microglia remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EVs derived from human oral mucosa stem cells on the autophagy in human microglia. We demonstrate that EVs promoted autophagy and autophagic flux in human microglia and that this process was dependent on the integrity of lipid rafts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also activated autophagy, but combined treatment with EVs and LPS suppressed autophagy response, indicating interference between these signaling pathways. Blockage of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) with anti‐TLR4 antibody suppressed EV‐induced autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of the EV‐associated heat shock protein (HSP70) chaperone which is one of the endogenous ligands of the TLR4 also suppressed EV‐induced lipid raft formation and autophagy. Pre‐treatment of microglia with a selective inhibitor of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins cilengitide inhibited EV‐induced autophagy. Finally, blockage of purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) with selective inhibitor 5‐BDBD also suppressed EV‐induced autophagy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that EVs activate autophagy in human microglia through interaction with HSP70/TLR4, αVβ3/αVβ5, and P2X4R signaling pathways and that these effects depend on the integrity of lipid rafts. Our findings could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting disease‐associated microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a chronic infection where abnormal host‐microbiota interactions alter the oral microbiome, trigger a proinflammatory immune response, and cause inflammatory alveolar bone loss. While antibiotics are occasionally necessary for treating periodontitis, their use must be carefully managed to prevent the development of drug resistance and oral dysbiosis. Therefore, it's crucial to develop new treatment strategies for periodontitis that reduce antibiotic dependence while effectively controlling the inflammation triggered by bacteria. In this study, a hydrogel is engineered by grafting cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM‐G3) onto the oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC) backbone, resulting in an injectable cationic hydrogel (OCMC‐PAMAM‐G3, O‐P). This hydrogel can capture anionic microbial‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). These findings reveal that using O‐P application circumvents the disruption of the oral mucosa microbiome caused by traditional antibiotics. Additionally, this hydrogel can mitigate inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a ligature‐induced periodontitis mouse model by alleviating the LPS/cfDNA‐TLR4/9 pathway. Moreover, topical administration of O‐P hydrogel has no significant adverse effects on the oral mucosa microbiome while improving the local subgingival microbiome. The study highlights a strategy targeting MAMPs while avoiding antibiotics, as it can mitigate the bacteria‐triggered proinflammatory immune response and potentially preserve oral dysbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseases in which cutaneous plasma cell infiltrates predominate are rare and usually of unknown etiology, including those that transition from benign to malignant, such as cutaneous plasmacytosis, multicentric Castleman disease, and extramedullary plasmacytoma. These diseases may present as purplish, reddish‐brown cutaneous plaques or nodules. Here, we report an exceptional case of lichen planus (LP) in which the patient had classic histopathological features, but the infiltrating inflammatory cells were plasma cells with restricted light chain expression. The patient presented with severe rashes, including purplish‐red plaques and nodules, erythema, and erosions in the palmoplantar area, verrucous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa, and anonychia of the toes. These findings suggest a possible role of plasma cells with restricted light chain expression in the LP. Clinicians should closely follow patients for changes in their rash, perform repeat biopsies if necessary, and regularly conduct multisystemic evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions Electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use among adults in the United States continues to rise. Particularly concerning is the impact of e‐cigarette aerosol inhalation on the oral mucosa. Aerosols are derived from a heated e‐liquid base of propylene glycol/glycerin (PG/G) often mixed with nicotine and chemical flavors. Of note, harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), including metals and volatile organic compounds, have been detected in e‐cigarette aerosols. It remains unknown, however, whether aerosols exclusively derived from e‐liquid PG/G are detrimental to oral keratinocytes. The present study analyzed toxicological outcomes in normal oral keratinocytes exposed to model nicotine‐free, unflavored PG/G e‐liquid aerosols.Cell viability/cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunoblotting assays were conducted in NOKSI, a gingiva‐derived oral keratinocyte cell line, following exposure to model e‐liquid aerosols or non‐aerosolized controls. The HPHC acrolein, reported to form DNA adducts in the buccal mucosa from e‐cigarette users, was also used in similar assays.PG/G e‐liquid aerosol extracts significantly enhanced cytotoxic and DNA damaging responses in NOKSI cells when compared to non‐aerosolized e‐liquid treatment. Acrolein treatment led to similar results.The aerosolization process of PG/G e‐liquid is a critical determinant of marked cytotoxic and genotoxic stimuli in oral keratinocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ketogenic interventions like short-term fasting show potential as complementary therapies to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy for cancer. However, the specific effects of fasting on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and healthy oral mucosa cells during these treatments are not well understood. This study investigates whether short-term fasting can differentially impact HNSCC cell survival and viability compared to healthy keratinocytes while undergoing standard chemotherapy regimens. Methods: This study investigated the effects of fasting on cell viability in HN5 cell line and healthy oral keratinocyte cells. The HN5 cell line, derived from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and primary human keratinocytes isolated from the basal layer of gingival epithelium were divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) treated with the standard chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, and (3) treated with cisplatin under fasting conditions achieved through 48-hour glucose restriction mimicking the blood glucose levels of fasted individuals. Cell proliferation was assessed at 48 and 72 h using the MTT assay, a colorimetric method based on mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Flow cytometry analysis with specific apoptosis and necrosis markers distinguished between early and late apoptotic, necrotic, and viable cells. Results: Cell viability in HN5 and healthy keratinocyte cells decreased in cisplatin with low glucose groups compared to cisplatin and control groups. The same results were observed for healthy keratinocyte cells; only a decrease in cell viability in cisplatin groups compared to control groups was observed, which was not statistically significant. Cell apoptosis in HN5 and healthy keratinocyte cells increased in cisplatin with low glucose groups compared to cisplatin and control groups. In healthy keratinocyte cells, the cisplatin with low glucose group showed an impressive increase in necrosis, late apoptosis, and early apoptosis and a significant decrease in live cells compared with other groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that short-term fasting chemotherapy significantly improved HNSCC cell line apoptosis and necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are extremely versatile molecules with a myriad of physiological functions. Next to their well-known role in sexual development and reproduction, SSH play active roles in practically every tissue in the human body, including the oral cavity. It has long been demonstrated that periodontal tissues express SSH receptors and therefore are responsive to the presence of SSH. Interestingly, SSH not only interact with the periodontal tissues but also with other tissues in the oral cavity such as dental enamel, pulp, cementum, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Questions concerning the possible physiological functions of these receptors and their role in maintenance of oral health, remain unanswered. The purpose of this scoping review was to gather and summarize all the available evidence on the role of SSH in physiological processes in the oral cavity in humans. Two comprehensive literature searches were performed. References were screened and selected based on title, abstract and full text according to our inclusion criteria. Both searches yielded 18,992 results of which 73 were included. Results were divided into four categories: (1) Periodontium; (2) Dental structure; (3) Mucosa; and (4) Salivary glands. The interaction of these tissues with progestagens, androgens and estrogens are summarized. Sex steroid hormones are an overlooked yet fundamental factor in oral homeostasis. They play important roles in the development and function of the periodontium, dental structure, mucosa and salivary glands. Dentists and healthcare providers should consider these hormonal factors when assessing and treating oral health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increase in nicotine pouch (NP) users, particularly among the young, is a matter of concern requiring a comprehensive understanding of its short- and long-term oral health implications. The objective of this research was to systematically review potential oral side-effects associated with NP usage. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trial, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies up to February 2024. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool were used to assess the quality and bias of the included studies. Results: Three studies were included for this review, two from Europe and one from USA, and considered of a total of 190 participants. All studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Participants used NP for periods ranging from 1 month to 10 years. Among these studies, only one study provided information on the usage pattern between 1 and 5 units for an average of 11 ± 7 min per session. Oral mucosal changes at the site of placement were common among NP users. Oral lesions varied from slight wrinkling to various white lesions, seemingly related to the NP units consumed per day and their duration of usage. Other oral side effects included dry mouth, soreness, gingival blisters, and a strange jaw sensation. Conclusions: Research on the use of NP and its effect on oral health are currently limited. The use of NP should take into consideration the short-and-long-term effects, especially on oral health. Further studies are crucial to understand oral health implications associated with NP usage. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD 42,024,500,711. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis or RAS is one of the most common lesions of the oral mucosa, which is recurrent and painful. So far, several factors have been known as predisposing factors to this disease. However, there is no specific treatment for it. Anxiety and stress are among the causes of these lesions. Quality of life reflects the level of satisfaction and sense of well-being in individuals. Since it is believed that these lesions affect the quality of life due to their chronic and painful nature, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of patients with recurrent oral aphthous stomatitis using the COMDQ questionnaire. Materials and methods: The tool used to measure quality of life in this study was the COMDQ questionnaire. This questionnaire examines the quality of life of patients with chronic mucosal diseases using 26 questions in four subgroups, including pain and functional limitations, treatment and medication, psychological and social status, and patient support. In the scoring system for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the characteristics of lesions in the last three months and factors such as the number of lesions, the rate of recurrence of lesions, and the affected areas should be considered to determine the severity of the disease. Thus, the USS system, which is derived from the combination of the above items, was used. The USS system includes 6 subgroups, including the frequency of the aphthous lesions in the last three months, diameter, duration, ulcer-free period, location of aphthous lesions, and pain. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between age severity and duration of the disease with quality of life. To compare the average scores of this questionnaire in two genders, an independent t-test was used, and the Mann-Whitney test was used if the data were not normal. Data analysis was done by SPSS ver 25 software. Results: In this study, 251 questionnaires were completed using the census sampling method. Among the study participants, 116 (46.22%) were men and 135 (53.78%) were women. The average total COMDQ score was 43.34±13.78 and no significant difference was observed between men and women in any of the dimensions of quality of life and the total quality of life score, as well as age (P>0.05). The correlation between COMDQ total score and general health (P=0.014) and also in comparison with oral health was significant (P=0.014). Also, the severity of lesions (USS score) (P<0.001), the number of aphthous ulcers in the last three months (P<0.001), duration (P<0.001), ulcer-free period (P<0.001) and a lower score in the subgroup of the location of oral ulcers (P=0.033), there was a significant relationship with the total score of the quality of life questionnaire. Conclusion: Lesions of recurrent aphthous stomatitis are painful and have a long treatment period. In addition, various factors contribute to the occurrence of these lesions, and patients often suffer from them. Therefore, these lesions bother the patients and according to the results of the present study, they affect the quality of life of the patients. Raising awareness about the nature of these lesions and their follow-up should be on the agenda. Also, the mental and psychological aspects of the health of the patients should be taken into consideration in the treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the adverse reactions in the oral mucosa and face caused by the use of natural products. Methodology: This review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/R57D8). The search was carried out systematically using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and LIVIVO databases, as well as gray literature through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Reports of clinical cases on the adverse effects of natural products on the oral mucosa or perioral region of the face resulted from inappropriate use or self-medication were included. Data from the included studies were described in a narrative form. Results: Seven hundred and six studies were identified, and after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 28 studies were included. The year of publication ranged from 1976 to 2022. The studies were conducted in 19 countries. Fifty patients were mentioned in the included studies and 34 were female (68%). The natural products most related to adverse reactions were propolis (n = 17), with manifestations such as perioral eczema, edema, erosions, erythema, allergic contact dermatitis, and garlic (n = 9), with manifestations such as chemical burn, burning sensation, vesicles and blisters, crusts, and ulcerations. Conclusion: Propolis and garlic were the natural products with the most reported adverse effects on the oral mucosa and perioral region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oral cavity is inhabited by abundant microbes which continuously interact with the host and influence the host's health. Such host-microbe interactions (HMI) are dynamic and complex processes involving e.g. oral tissues, microbial communities and saliva. Due to difficulties in mimicking the in vivo complexity, it is still unclear how exactly HMI influence the transition between healthy status and disease conditions in the oral cavity. As an advanced approach, three-dimensional (3D) organotypic oral tissues (epithelium and mucosa/gingiva) are being increasingly used to study underlying mechanisms. These in vitro models were designed with different complexity depending on the research questions to be answered. In this review, we summarised the existing 3D oral HMI models, comparing designs and readouts, discussing applications as well as future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Evidence of abnormal α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) deposition in the brain is required for definitive diagnosis of synucleinopathies, which remains challenging. The seed amplification assay (SAA) is an innovative technique that can detect the seeding activity of misfolded α‐Syn, enabling the amplification and detection of minute quantities of pathogenic α‐Syn aggregates. This study aimed to evaluate oral mucosa α‐Syn SAA as possible diagnostic and prodromal biomarkers for synucleinopathies. Methods: A total of 107 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, 99 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, 33 patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and 103 healthy controls (HC) were included. The SAA was applied to detect the seeding activity of α‐Syn from oral mucosa. A combination of morphological, biochemical, and biophysical methods was also used to analyze the fibrils generated from the oral mucosa α‐Syn SAA. Results: Structured illumination microscopy images revealed the increased α‐Syn species in oral mucosa of PD, MSA, and iRBD patients than in HCs. Oral mucosa α‐Syn SAA distinguished patients with PD from HC with 67.3% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity. Oral mucosa was α‐Syn SAA positive in 53.5% MSA patients and 63.6% iRBD patients. Furthermore, the α‐Syn fibrils generated from MSA demonstrated greater resistance to proteinase K digestion and exhibited stronger cytotoxicity compared to those from PD patients. Conclusion: Oral mucosa α‐Syn seeding activity may serve as novel non‐invasive diagnostic and prodromal biomarkers for synucleinopathies. The α‐Syn aggregates amplified from the oral mucosa of PD and MSA exhibited distinct biochemical and biophysical properties. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient oral mucosal wound healing requires coordinated responses from epithelial progenitor cells, yet their spatiotemporal recruitment and activation remain unclear. Using a mouse model of palatal mucosal wound healing, we investigated the dynamics of epithelial cells during this process. Proliferation analysis revealed that, in addition to the expected proliferation center near the wound edge, distal cell populations rapidly activated post-injury by elevating their mitotic activity. These distal cells displayed predominant lateral expansion in the basal layer, suggesting roles beyond just tissue renewal. However, while proximal proliferation center cells sustained heightened proliferation until re-epithelialization was completed, distal cells restored basal turnover rates before wound closure, indicating temporally confined contributions. Lineage tracing of Wnt-responsive epithelial cells showed remarkable clone expansion in basal layers both proximally and distally after wounding, contrasting with gradual clone expansion in homeostasis. Although prioritizing tissue repair, epithelial progenitor cells maintained differentiation programs and barrier functions, with the exception of the leading edge. At the leading edge, we found accelerated cell turnover, but the differentiation program was suspended. In summary, our findings uncovered that oral wound re-epithelialization involves two phases: an initial widespread response with proliferation of proximal and distal cells, followed by proliferation confined to the wound proximal region. Uncovering these stage-specific healing mechanisms provides insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to improve wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical simulators are crucial in early craniofacial and plastic surgical training, necessitating synthetic materials that accurately replicate tissue properties. Recent critiques of our lab's currently deployed silicone surrogate have highlighted numerous areas for improvement. To further refine our models, our group's objective is to find a composition of materials that is closest in fidelity to native oral mucosa during surgical rehearsal by expert craniofacial surgeons. Fifteen platinum silicone-based surrogate samples were constructed with variable hardness and slacker percentages. These samples underwent evaluation of tactile sensation, hardness, needle puncture, cut resistance, suture retention, defect repair, and tensile elasticity. Expert craniofacial surgeon evaluators provided focused qualitative feedback on selected top-performing samples for further assessment and statistical comparisons. An evaluation revealed surrogate characteristics that were satisfactory and exhibited good performance. Sample 977 exhibited the highest performance, and comparison with the original surrogate (sample 810) demonstrated significant improvements in critical areas, emphasizing the efficacy of the refined composition. The study identified a silicone composition that directly addresses the feedback received by our team's original silicone surrogate. The study underscores the delicate balance between biofidelity and practicality in surgical simulation. The need for ongoing refinement in surrogate materials is evident to optimize training experiences for early surgical learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The free gingival graft (FGG) has been identified as the most effective method for increasing keratinized mucosa width (KMW). However, the challenge emerges in cases of extensive keratinized mucosa deficiency, where efficient utilization of the patient's limited keratinized tissue to achieve optimal results is crucial. This article introduces a modified geometric technique to address this clinical issue. Clinical Considerations: Utilizing geometric principles, the modified technique involves dividing the rectangular graft into two triangular or trapezoidal sections, which are then reassembled to form an approximate diamond shape. Through strategic cut and splice, the graft is reshaped to suit the recipient site. Conclusion: Preliminary observations in cases employing the modified geometric technique have increased the KMW around implants. This method enhances graft utilization and offers a viable clinical option for surgical plans aimed at widening keratinized mucosa in instances of large‐area KMW deficiency. Clinical Significance: This article proposed a modified method to increase KMW, which may be an optimal choice for patients with insufficient KMW in large area, avoiding the waste of limited graft, decreasing patient morbidity, and effectively widening keratinized mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ixekizumab, an interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitor, exerts its therapeutic effects in psoriasis by inhibiting the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway. Common adverse reactions to ixekizumab include injection site reactions and upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), while occurrences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple mucosal ulcers are infrequent. We present a case of a 51-year-old man who developed multiple mucosal ulcers after ixekizumab treatment. Methods: A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of pharyngalgia. The flexible laryngoscope displayed mild hyperemia in the pharyngeal mucosa and tonsils, redness and swelling of the epiglottis, as well as multiple ulcers in the oral cavity, uvula, and epiglottis. These ulcers did not improve with conventional treatment. Results: Upon evaluation, the ulcers were an immune-related adverse event induced by ixekizumab. Consequently, a decision was made to discontinue the drug and initiate a therapeutic regimen including corticosteroids and thalidomide. Eventually, the patient's symptoms abated. Conclusions: Biologics are now becoming increasingly popular in psoriasis. It is vital for clinicians to be aware of this potential adverse event and to identify and intervene early to alleviate patients' suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a type of malignant tumour that primarily occurs in the oral mucosa, has drawn considerable attention owing to its aggressive growth and potentially high metastatic rate. Surgical resection is the primary treatment method for OSCC and is typically combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. microRNA‐149‐3p (miR‐149) is a negative regulator of the Pi3k/Akt pathway and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumour cells. However, the application of miR‐149 is limited owing to its relatively low efficiency of cellular uptake and poor stability when used alone. To overcome these challenges, this study adopted a novel nucleic acid nanostructured material, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs). The use of tFNAs as carriers to assemble the T‐miR‐149 complex reduced the expression of Pi3k and Akt involved in tumorigenesis and alterations in proteins related to cell apoptosis. The results indicated that the bionic drug delivery system has an effective tumour suppressive effect on OSCC in mice, revealing its potential clinical value in the treatment of OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to perform an integrative review of solitary angiokeratomas cases in the oral cavity and to report a new case in a 39-year-old man. A modified PECOS strategy was used using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and the reference lists of the selected articles. Case reports of oral solitary angiokeratoma published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages with histopathological diagnosis without the presence of systemic disorders were included. Of the 51 articles identified, 18 met the eligibility criteria. Solitary angiokeratomas have a slight male predilection, with a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life. The tongue was the most common localization (77.7%), followed by buccal mucosa (11.1%), labial mucosa (5.6%), and tonsillar pillar (5.6%). The granulomatous appearance was the most frequent clinical aspect. Surgical excision was implemented in 94.4% of the cases. The lesion presented a good prognosis, with no recurrence in 3 to 24 months. In summary, solitary angiokeratoma is a rare lesion in the oral cavity. The professional making the oral diagnosis should be familiar with the clinical manifestation of angiokeratoma and be prepared to consider it in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions since these lesions may be part of systemic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the sixth leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Early diagnosis and periodic monitoring are mandatory to prevent complications. The custom of noninvasive exfoliative cytology diagnostic technique is the need of the hour in diabetes, where the invasive methods lose viability. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa, as an adjunct to the diagnosis of type II diabetes. A thorough search was made by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Original research articles, that evaluated cytomorphometric parameters (nuclear area, cytoplasmic area, cytoplasmic nuclear ratio) in type II diabetes patients were included in this review. Risk of bias was analysed for each study using Joanna Briggs Institute and Review Manager was used for meta-analysis. All nine subgroups included for qualitative and quantitative data synthesis revealed that there was a significant increase in nuclear area and a decrease in cytoplasmic nuclear ratio in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetics. Random-effects model also confirmed cytologically altered (nuclear area and cytoplasmic nuclear ratio) parameters to have a significantly increased risk of association with diabetes. Furthermore, these morphometry parameters were also associated with glycemic control and there was no gender disparity among them. Mounting evidence authenticate that cytomorphometric analysis of oral mucosal cells using exfoliative cytology might be aid as an adjunct non-invasive diagnostic tool for type II diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), originally used to support soft tissue healing, is also considered a therapeutic option for treating oral lichen planus and leukoplakia. The progression from the two premalignant lesions to the aggressive malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma involves an inflammatory process linked to chemokine expression. Thus, there is a rationale for studying how PRF modulates the expression of chemokines in oral squamous carcinoma cells. To this aim, we expose the oral squamous carcinoma cell line HSC2 to IL1β and TNFα either alone or in the presence of lysates obtained from solid PRF membranes. We report here that in HSC2 cells, PRF lysates significantly reduce the forced transcription of chemokines, e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL5. Moreover, PRF lysates attenuate the nuclear translocation of p65 in HSC2 oral epithelial cells when exposed to IL1β and TNFα. PRF lysates further reduce chemokine expression provoked by poly:IC HMW. Even though less pronounced, PRF lysates reduce IL1β- and TNFα-induced chemokine expression in TR146 cells. In primary oral epithelial cells, however, PRF lysates increase the basal expression of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8. Thus, PRF can exert a biphasic effect on chemokine expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and primary oral epithelial cells. These findings suggest that PRF may reduce inflammation in a malignant environment while provoking an immunological response in healthy oral epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune nature and unknown etiology which affects approximately 1% of the world's population. The most important feature of OLP is its behavior as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). The current study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis designed to evaluate the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, defined as the characteristics that cells must fulfill in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumors that affect humans. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes 110 studies which recruited 7064 cases of OLP, in which the expression of 104 molecular biomarkers were analyzed through an immunohistochemical technique. The earliest oncogenic molecular mechanisms that could justify the malignant transformation of this disease are analyzed in depth and critically discussed on the basis of evidence. We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the current evidence on the differential expression of the hallmarks of cancer in oral lichen planus (OLP) samples, in order to know the earliest molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the malignant transformation of this oral potentially malignant disorder. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2023. We evaluated the methodological quality of studies and carried out meta-analyses to fulfill our objectives. Inclusion criteria were met by 110 primary-level studies, with 7065 OLP samples, in which the expression of 104 biomarkers were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Most OLP samples showed sustained cell proliferation signaling (65.48%, 95%CI = 51.87–78.02), anti-apoptotic pathways (55.93%, 95%CI = 35.99–75.0), genome instability (48.44%, 95%CI = 13.54–84.19), and tumor-promoting inflammation events (83.10%, 95%CI = 73.93–90.74). Concurrently, OLP samples also harbored tumor growth suppressor mechanisms (64.00%, 95%CI = 53.27–74.12). In conclusion, current evidence indicates that molecular mechanisms promoting hyperproliferative signaling, an antiapoptotic state with genomic instability, and an escape of epithelial cells from immune destruction, are developed in LP-affected oral mucosa. It is plausible that these events are due to the actions exerted by the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Malignant transformation appears to be prevented by tumor suppressor genes, which showed consistent upregulation in OLP samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A MASCC/ISOO Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is aimed at generating a concise tool for clinicians, which concentrates practical information needed for the management of oral complications of cancer patients. This CPS is focused on the management of oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD). Methods: This CPS was developed based on critical evaluation of the literature followed by a structured discussion of a group of leading experts, members of the Oral Care Study Group of MASCC/ISOO. The information is presented in the form of succinct bullets and table to generate a short manual about the best standard of care. Results: The treatment goals in oral cGVHD are to relieve pain and xerostomia, improve oral function, prevent secondary infection, prevent deterioration of the dentition, and detect malignant transformation as early as possible. The prevention and treatment measures for oral mucosal lesions, hypofunction of the salivary glands, and sclerodermatous changes in the oral and perioral tissues are detailed, as well as the possible complications and side effects of these interventions. Conclusions: Patients post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations, with cGVHD manifest in the oral and perioral tissues, should be regularly monitored and treated as needed by an oral care practitioner. This CPS provides the clinician with practical tools for examining, preventing, and treating the various sequalae that may affect the oral cavity in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence pain susceptibility and impact treatment response in pain‐related temporomandibular disorders (TMDp). Objective: Explore the role of COMT (rs4646310, rs6269, rs4818, rs4680) and OPRM1 (rs1799971) genotypes in regulating treatment response. Methods: Sixty TMDp patients (55 females and 5 males), diagnosed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), underwent standardised treatment (information and education, home physical therapy, occlusal splint) for 6 months. Treatment outcomes included: pain intensity, pain‐free mouth opening, jaw functional limitation, depression, and anxiety. Genotyping for COMT and OPRM1 SNPs was performed using DNA from buccal mucosa swabs and TaqMan assays. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the changes in treatment outcomes and the influence of genotypes on treatment response. Results: Significantly less pain reduction was observed in minor allele carriers of rs4646310, and rs4680 compared to dominant homozygous (p <.025). Minor allele carriers of rs1799971 and rs4646310 demonstrated worsening in pain‐free mouth opening while dominant homozygous exhibited improvement (p <.025). Significantly less anxiety reduction was observed in minor allele carriers of rs4646310 compared to dominant homozygous (p =.003). Of the all variables assessed in the regression model, carrying a minor allele of rs1799971 predicted a poorer treatment response considering pain‐free mouth opening while carrying a minor allele of rs4646310 predicted less pain and less anxiety reduction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that certain SNP variants of the COMT and OPRM1 genes were associated with poorer treatment response and may therefore play a significant role in the classification of TMDp patients. Also, assessment of patient genotype could potentially aid in predicting treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of the present prospective clinical study were to evaluate the survival and success rates of implant-supported zirconia single crowns fabricated with a full digital workflow for the rehabilitation of mono- and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors after 2 years of clinical function; biological and technical parameters affecting the prosthetic restorations were recorded, as well as the patient-satisfaction score. Twenty-two patients showing mono- or bilateral agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors were included in this study, and a total of 30 narrow-diameter implants were inserted. Thirty screw-retained monolithic cubic zirconia single crowns with internal connections were fabricated. Objective outcome evaluations were performed by means of the Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score, whereas the patient-satisfaction score was evaluated using Visual Analog Scales. Descriptive statistics were performed and the Kaplan–Meier analysis was run to analyze time-to-event data. After 2 years of clinical function, the overall FIPS found in the present study was 9.2, whereas the average patient-satisfaction score was 8.7. The Kaplan–Meier analysis at the 2-year follow-up reported a cumulative survival rate of 100% and a cumulative success rate of 93.3%. The implant-prosthetic rehabilitation with a full digital workflow proved to be an effective and reliable procedure for the functional and aesthetic treatment of the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors in the short-term. Clinical investigations with wider sample populations and longer observational follow-ups could be useful to validate, in the long-term, the clinical outcomes of the present prospective clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e‐cigarette, pod, and vape) are currently among the tobacco consumption of adolescents and young adults. The aim is to show oral mucosa and saliva alterations related to vape. Material and Methods: A vape‐user patient, presenting a white plaque in the posterior region of the hard palate, underwent clinical examination, sialometry, pH evaluation, and excisional biopsy of the white lesion. Molecular changes in saliva and vape liquid were analyzed by vibrational spectroscopy. Results: The histopathological analyses showed hyperparakeratosis without dysplasia. Formaldehyde, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbon species were identified in e‐cig liquid by the FTIR. Conclusions: The use of vape may be related to the development of hyperkeratotic lesions in the oral mucosa as well as significantly modify the patient's salivary patterns as the vape liquid presents carcinogenic and cytotoxic components in its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases globally. Accumulating new evidence suggests considerable benefits of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for oral health. This review aims to explore the role and application of EGCG in main oral diseases. Methods: This narrative review thoroughly examines and summarizes the most recent literature available in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) reporting advances in the role and application of EGCG within the dental field. The major keywords used included "EGCG", "green tea extract", "oral health", "caries", "pulpitis", "periapical disease", "periodontal disease", "oral mucosa", "salivary gland", and "oral cancer". Conclusions: EGCG prevents and manages various oral diseases through its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. Compared to traditional treatments, EGCG generally exhibits lower tissue irritation and positive synergistic effects when combined with other therapies. Novel delivery systems or chemical modifications can significantly enhance EGCG's bioavailability, prolong its action, and reduce toxicity, which are current hotspots in developing new materials. Clinical significance: this review provides an exhaustive overview of the biological activities of EGCG to major oral diseases, alongside an exploration of applications and limitations, which serves as a reference for preventing and managing oral ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oral nicotine pouches are the latest products in the tobacco industry. They are manufactured by large tobacco companies and entice tobacco or nicotine addicts, although the products are presented as a ‘harmless choice.’ Nevertheless, dentists and oral health specialists worry about oral mucosal changes due to product interactions with the oral mucosa. Unfortunately, there are no case reports of oral mucosal changes from nicotine pouches that are also investigated histopathologically. The aim of the present study was to visually and histopathologically investigate oral mucosal changes in nicotine pouch users. An online retrospective survey regarding medical and dental health, dietary habits, and tobacco consumption habits was conducted (n = 50). Respondents were selected for further intraoral and histopathological investigation based on the inclusion criteria. All five respondents had oral lesions that were histopathologically analyzed. Visually, the lesions varied in form and intensity, but all appeared white at the location where the pouches were placed. Histopathological analyses revealed parakeratosis with acanthotic epithelium, intraepithelial and connective tissue oedema, and chronic inflammatory infiltration with lymphocytes and macrophages. Participants received information about nicotine cessation and oral health recommendations. In conclusion, nicotine pouches significantly impacted oral mucosa with white lesions that revealed important changes at the cellular level.

Objective To explore the oral mucosal manifestations of Sweet’s syndrome and provide a reference for its early detection and correct diagnosis. Methods The oral mucosal manifestations of a 60-year-old female patient with Sweet’s syndrome are described in detail, followed by a discussion of the related literature. Results The patient had skin erythema of both lower extremities, which was accompanied by oral mucosal ulceration and pain for 3 days. The patient presented with mild cutaneous lesions and diffuse large-scale erosion in the oral mucosa with obvious pain. During the onset of the disease, the patient was accompanied by fever with a temperature of 38.5°C. After visiting the Department of Stomatology, laboratory tests showed an increase in C-reactive protein (35.2 mg/L) and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (77.00 mm/h). Scattered red plaques and mild tenderness were observed in the knees and lower limbs. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions revealed scattered infiltration of immature neutrophils across the entire dermis. The patient responded well to glucocorticoid therapy. According to the clinical signs and laboratory examination, combined with the lesion histopathological results, a diagnosis of Sweet’s syndrome was given. The patient was administered 1 mL compound Betamethasone injection only once intramuscularly. In the meantime, the patient was asked to gargle with compound chlorhexidine solution and topically apply recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor solution to the damaged mucosa three times a day for 1 week. After 4 days of medication, the patient’s body temperature had returned to normal and the oral lesions were significantly reduced. After 2 weeks, the erythema in the leg and knee had almost all subsided, and the oral mucosal lesions had disappeared. The patient was followed up 6 months after treatment, with no recurrence of skin lesions. After 2 years of follow-up, the disease was stable with no recurrence. A review of the relevant literature shows that Sweet’s syndrome is a rare inflammatory reactive dermatosis with unknown etiology, which can be divided into three clinical types: specific, tumor-related, and drug-induced. The male/female prevalence ratio is 1:4. The salient clinical manifestations are abrupt onset of painful erythematous plaques or nodules most commonly involving the extremities, often accompanied by pyrexia, elevated neutrophil count, elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive C-reactive protein. The use of glucocorticoids is the most common treatment for this disease, and most patients see a rapid improvement in skin lesions; however, some may experience infection or recurrence after withdrawal. Some patients with Sweet’s syndrome are accompanied by oral lesions, but cases of oral mucosal damage have been rarely reported, and this condition is easily misdiagnosed. Conclusion Oral mucosal lesions may be extraterritorial manifestations of Sweet’s syndrome, and the patient’s systemic condition should be comprehensively considered. Skin biopsy should be completed as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis, so as not to delay the disease.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition that involves the loss of attachment and support around dental implants. In this case report, a middle-aged woman presented with two implants in the mandibular right quadrant that were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. The patient also had tenderness around the implants and reported sensitivity when performing oral hygiene procedures. Surgical treatment comprised a free gingival graft to augment the keratinized tissue width around the implants, followed by a second procedure of implantoplasty and surface decontamination. The outcome showed radiographic resolution of the peri-implant defect around the premolar implant with a marked increase of keratinized tissue (> 4 mm) around both implants after 1 year of follow up. On a patient level, significantly reduced sensitivity around the implants and better home care were reported. This case report showed that the increase of keratinized tissue may benefit the clinical and patient outcomes of periimplantitis treatment in terms of decreased probing depths, absence of inflammation, and improved radiographic crestal stability. The combined correction of both hard and soft tissue defects around peri-implantitis lesions may facilitate treatment success and help maintain peri-implant stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the gain in peri-implant keratinized mucosa (KM) using a combination of a free gingival graft (FGG) strip with a xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) and compare it to that of an FGG alone. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical study included a total of 30 patients with a minimal amount of peri-implant KM (= 1 mm) in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (including the premolars). The study population was divided into two groups using a randomization protocol; group A (n = 15) received a combination of FGG strip and XCM, and group B (n = 15) received FGG only to augment the KM. Clinical parameters included width of KM (WKM) measured at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months; a customized pink esthetic score (PES) measured at baseline and 6 months; and patient morbidity using visual analog scale (VAS) at days 1, 7, and 14 postoperatively. Results: After 1 month, both groups showed statistically significant gain in KM that reduced slightly by the 6-month follow-up but remained statistically significant when compared to baseline. When the gain was compared between the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant. Better esthetic outcomes and lower morbidity were reported in group A compared to group B, and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the combination of FGG strip with XCM is a viable alternative to the use of FGG in augmenting peri-implant KM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral epitheliolysis or mucosal shedding is an infrequently described phenomenon characterized by epithelial desquamation, revealing mucosa of normal color and texture underneath. The condition has a predilection for middle-aged females and primarily affects nonkeratinized oral tissues. Although some cases are idiopathic, certain oral hygiene products have been implicated as the culprit, and resolution of the condition documented with their discontinuation. Severity of desquamation and symptoms vary with frequency and duration of contact with the irritant and its concentration. A case is presented of a dramatic case of shedding oral mucosa in an elderly female, which appeared to be caused by habitual chewing of an aspirincontaining over-the-counter analgesic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]