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The problem system analysis of models and methods coordinated management in multi-agent systems is formulated. This systems are intellectual active systems. Matter of theory multi-agent systems are uncovered. Character of methods coordinated management is presented as totality of formalize and not formalize methods of system analysis. Basic classis of conduct models in systems man–machine of coordinated management and adoption decisions are presented. Fuzzy algorithms are elaborated, which are realizing of group by investigation of operations with computers and model of conduct of intellectual active system. This system is interactive system man-machine of modeling coordinated optimization in diffuse conditions. Keywords: system analysis of problems coordinated management, coordinated management, intellectual active systems, multiagent systems Title: Models and methods of coordinated control in multi-agent systems Author: Omar Salim Abdullah, ORAS ABDUL RAZZAQ EYADA International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022 Page No: 107-110 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 29-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778340 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/models-and-methods-of-coordinated-control-in-multi-agent-systems, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research, ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online), Research Publish Journals (Publisher), Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tDawid Szutowski, The impact of management control systems on decision-making quality throughout the innovation process. An empirical analysis, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 64(6):182-195, October 2020.","[2]\tPeter T. ,Izak B., The Use of Information in Decision Making: An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Computer-Based Decision Aids, MIS Quarterly Vol. 16, No. 3 (Sep., 1992), pp. 373-393 .","[3]\tKlyushin A.Yu., Kuznetsov V.N., Mutovkina N.Yu. System analysis of coordinated control in intelligent active systems , International scientific and technical conf. Stary Oskol: TNT, 2012, pp. 224–227.","[4]\tRajib K. , Neha N. , Anirban S., Behavioral Modeling of Multi Agent System:: High Level Petri Net Based Approach, International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 7(1):55-78, January 2015.","[5]\tE. Streltsova, A. Borodin, I. Yakovenko, Tatyana Sokira, Information management system of industrial enterprise in conditions of digitalization, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(1):559-575, January 2019."]}

The extensive use of educational processes of educational institutions and in the system of combat training determines the relevance of the development of methods for justifying training equipment, evaluating their effectiveness and the effectiveness of training provides. One of these methods may be the target management method, proposed in this paper and not previously used in this subject area. The method of targeted training management involves determining the goals of training and the re-quirements for its means, the structure, and content of training, and testing the results of training. The paper justifies the choice of different categories of students of different simulators and meth-ods for evaluating the effectiveness of training for different students’ categories. Based on the func-tions of the students' activities, the authors propose and justify the activity classification of the trained operators and their division into three categories, three levels. Under the accepted classification, the authors define the requirements for training equipment and the organization of training equipment. Methods of forming assignments for students under the objectives of training and evaluation of its re-sults, including automation of training assessment, are fundamental in the organization of simulator training based on the method of target management. The paper suggests the following procedure for the development of mathematical software automate the assessment of the preparation: the choice of control parameters and the objective function devel-opment, the parameters and rating scales exercises development, the drafting of the algorithm and pro-vide recommendations. The target management method for evaluating the effectiveness of simulator training is developed because of over ten years of experience in using simulators in the educational process and the authors’ personal participation in their creation and use. Keywords: information model, target management, objective function, educational and cognitive activity, exercise, simulator, training, estimation, operator, the training, skill, the method, effectively. Title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of simulator training by the method of target management Author: Omar Salim Abdullah, ORAS ABDUL RAZZAQ EYADA International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022 Page No: 507-513 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 20-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6669838 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-effectiveness-of-simulator-training-by-the-method-of-target-management, International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tAltunin VK, Struchkov AM Design of Computer Training Systems and Intellectual Simulator Training for Navy Specialists. Tver, 2004, 205 p.","[2]\tZakharov VL, Ilin VA Navy Trainers: Creation and Use. Monograph. Tver, 2019, 248 p.","[3]\tKarpov A., Zakharov V., Maksimov A., Skursky S. The appearance of the educational base military training simulator. Morskoj Sbornik, 2020, no. 12, pp. 44–49.","[4]\tIlin V.A., Sokolov S.N., Pakhomov E.S., Shuvanov A.D. Tactical simulator complexes for naval combat training. Software and Systems, 2016, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 22–26. DOI: 10.15827/0236-235x.113.022-026 .","[5]\tBichaev BP, Zelenin VM, Novik LI Marine Simulators: Structures, Models, Training. Leningrad, 1986, 288 p.","[6]\tVolkova VN, Denisov AA Theory of Systems: Training Manual. Moscow, 2006, 511 p.","[7]\tKobzev VV, Shilov K.Yu. Methods of Creating Technical Means for Training Ship Operators.","[8]\tSt. Petersburg, 2005, 156 p.","[9]\tAndrjunina OE, Davydov VP, Grachev VA, Drobot IS, Dronova TA, Kamyshnikov AP, Kirilin","[10]\tVV Military Didactics. Moscow, 2005, 536 p.","[11]\tNedzelsky II Marine Navigation Trainers: Selection Problems. St. Petersburg, 2002, 220 p.","[12]\tShilov K.Yu. Directions of improving training aids for ship technical equipment operators. Marine Radio-electronics, 2005, no. 4, pp. 41–45."]}

The development and application of automated optoelectronic control systems (OESC) [1], which make it possible to increase the efficiency of process control, are extremely in demand in such areas of human activity as industrial production, transportation, security surveillance, etc. Keywords: OESC, subsystem, computers, telecommunication connections. Title: Optoelectronic control systems: Technological principles to achieve software quality Author: Omar Salim Abdullah, ORAS ABDUL RAZZAQ EYADA International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022 Page No: 87-90 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 07-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619281 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/optoelectronic-control-systems-technological-principles-to-achieve-software-quality, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research (IJCSITR), ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tEremin S.N., Malygin L.L., Rachinsky E.V. Optoelectronic control systems. Processing algorithms , Cherepovets: ChVIIR, 1999. -Ch. 2. - S. 21-22.","[2]\tNikulin O.Yu., Petrushin A.N. Television surveillance systems: Educational and reference manual. - M.: Obereg-RB, 1997. - 168 p.","[3]\tForsyth, Pons. Computer vision. Modern approach. - M.: Williams, 2004. - 928 p.","[4]\tBased on the materials of the websites www.citforum.ru, www.standart.ru.","[5]\tBased on the materials of the websites www.sei.cmu.edu, www.rol.ru.","[6]\tHumphrey, Watts S., Introduction to the Personal Software Process (SEI Series in Software Engineering), Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, December 1996.","[7]\tLipaev V.V. Methods for ensuring the quality of large-scale software.-M.: SINTEG, 2003. -520 p.","[8]\tVendrov A.M. CASE - technologies. Modern methods and means of designing information systems. - M.: Finance and statistics, 1998.","[9]\tNepomnyashchy V.A., Ryakin O.M. Applied methods of program verification / Ed. A.P. Ershova. - M.: Radio and communication, 1988. - 256 p.","[10]\tMyers G. The art of program testing , M.: Finance and statistics. 1982. - 176 p.","[11]\tKotlyarov V.P., Kolikova T, Programming technologies. Workshop on software testing in C# , St. Petersburg: SPbGPU, 2004. - 132 p.","[12]\tBraude E. Technology of software development. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. - 655 p.","[13]\tButch G. Object-oriented analysis and design with examples of applications in C ++ / Per. from English - M.: Binom, 1999. - 2nd ed. - 560 p.","[14]\tBuch G., Rambo D., Jacobson A. UML language. User's Guide , DMK, 2000. - 432 p.","[15]\tBeck K. Extreme programming. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002. - 224 p.","[16]\tBalykov E.A., Tsarev V.A. Solving the problem of constructing difficult-to-formalize specifications based on expert assessments. Microsoft Technologies in Theory and Practice of Programming, SPbGPU, 2005. - S. 153-154."]}

Background: Maternal monitoring of fetal movement is a mean of screening fetal status. The rationale is based on the assumption that early recognition of decreased fetal movement (DFM) makes it possible for the clinician to intervene at a stage when the fetus is still compensated, and thus prevent progression to fetal or neonatal injury or death. Objective: To evaluate the role of non-stress test and umbilical artery Doppler measurements as an antenatal screening test for assessment of fetal well-being in high risk pregnancies affected by decreased fetal movements. Patients and methods: The current study enrolled 200 patients complaining of decreased fetal movements came for ante natal care in ante natal care clinic of Al Azhar Assiut University Hospital. Enrolled women were randomly allocated in two equal groups, the study continued for 1 year (from January 2019 – December 2019). Results: This study shows that the use of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound assessment as an antenatal screening test was associated with a reduction in the incidence of cesarean delivery for fetal distress, more successful induction of labor, less admissions to NICU and better APGAR score in high risk pregnant population complaining of decreased fetal movement compared to non-stress test. Conclusion: Umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound assessment of the fetus in conjunction with a policy of directed intervention resulted in a decrease in the rate of cesarean delivery for fetal distress in a high-risk pregnancy, when compared with the NST.

Introduction/Aims We aimed to determine whether specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) vaccines may be associated with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy and if they may result in particular clinical presentations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of all persons presenting with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, admitted to two Neuroscience centers, of the West and North Midlands, United Kingdom. We compared subjects with previous SARS‐CoV2 vaccine exposure with a local cohort of persons with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy admitted between 2005 and 2019 and compared admission numbers for the studied time frame with that of the previous 3 years. Results Of 24 persons with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy, 16 (66.7%) presented within 4 weeks after first SARS‐CoV2 vaccine. Fourteen had received the AstraZeneca vaccine and one each, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The final diagnosis was Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in 12 and acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 4. Among AstraZeneca vaccine recipients, facial weakness in nine persons (64.3%), bulbar weakness in seven (50%), and the bifacial weakness and distal paresthesias GBS variant in three (21.4%), were more common than in historical controls (P = .01; P = .004, and P = .002, respectively). A 2.6‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.98–3.51) increase in admissions for acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy was noted during the studied time frame, compared to the same period in the previous 3 years. Discussion Despite a low risk, smaller than that of SARS‐CoV2 infection and its complications, exposure to the first dose of AstraZeneca SARS‐CoV2 vaccine may be a risk factor for acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy, characterized by more common cranial nerve involvement.

Conveyor belts in mining sites are prone to cracks, which leads to dramatic degradation of overall system performance and the breakdown of operation. Crack detection using radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing technology is recently proposed to provide robust and low-cost health monitoring systems for conveyor belts. The intelligent machine learning (ML) technique is one of the most promising solutions for crack detection and successful implementation within the IoT paradigm. This paper presents a conveyor belt structural health monitoring (SHM) model using ML and Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. The model is extensively tested, and the classification is conducted based on simulated data obtained from an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID sensor. Here, the sensor is laid on a belt, and the data are obtained at different crack orientations of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal cracks, for varying crack widths of 0.5 to 5 mm at 10 different locations on the sensor. The ML model is tested with different input features and training algorithms, and their performances are compared and analysed to identify the superior input feature and training algorithm. This method produces high accuracy in determining crack width, orientation, and location. The findings show that the proposed detection system based on ML modelling could detect cracks with 100% accuracy. The proposed system can also distinguish between vertical, horizontal, and diagonal cracks with an accuracy of 83.9%, and has a significant identification rate of 84.4% accuracy for detecting crack-width as narrow as 0.5 mm. Moreover, the model can predict the region of the crack with an accuracy of 95.5%. Overall, the results show that the proposed model is very robust and can perform SHM of conveyor belts with high accuracy for a range of parameters and classification scenarios. The method has huge industrial significance in coal mines.

The current study seeks to explore six Malaysian ESL instructors use of CML Web-logging in teaching English as second language to Malaysian students at higher education institutions. A qualitative approach was adopted to collect responses from the respondents. Data were collected using semi-structured interview, a set of questionnaires as well as a checklist of features of the web blog that is used to investigate the blogging activities and mechanisms used in the courses conducted by the respondents. The collected data from the interview were analyzed qualitatively, whereas the blog checklist data were analyzed quantitatively. The results indicated that in order to enhance their ESL instruction, the CML Web-Blogging instructors not only exhibited special ways of using the technology but they also designed various methods of exploiting the educational web blog capabilities in order to accommodate their pedagogical purposes and suit their specific course objectives.

Introduction Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a chronic, debilitating illness that mostly affects males under the age of 50 years. It is associated with myriad presentations. The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score was developed to measure the impact of the disease and assess the treatment outcomes. Additionally, the UPOINT [urinary (U), psychosocial (P), organ-specific (O), infection (I), neurologic/systemic (N), and tenderness of pelvic floor skeletal muscles (T)] classification system has been developed to enable a 'phenotypic approach' to the treatment. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the NIH-CPSI scores as well as the positive subdomain numbers and distribution of the UPOINT classification in patients with CP/CPPS. Materials and methods A total of 100 consecutive male patients presenting to a single centre with symptomatic CP/CPPS were included in this study. Results The mean age of the patients was 34.4 years. The average total NIH-CPSI score was 24.9. The average number of positive UPOINT domains was 2.28. The positive domains were urinary (90), psychosocial (60), organ-specific (43), infection (15), neurological (12), and tenderness (8). Discussion The NIH-CPSI scores and UPOINT subdomain scores compared favourably with other studies conducted in the region. The lower infection subdomain score as compared to other studies may be due to the widespread use of antibiotics among patients in the region prior to presenting to a urologist. Conclusion The use of the UPOINT classification to guide treatment is feasible even in a rural setting, such as in Kashmir.

Introduction Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are a commonly used, reversible, contraceptive method. Complications from insertion rarely include migration into the bladder. We report on two cases of intravesical migrated IUCD and present an algorithm for management based on recently published data. Materials and Methods The case records of two patients who underwent surgical procedures for migrated IUCD into the bladder were reviewed. A Pubmed search was performed to identify similar studies. A total of 25 papers met the criteria for inclusion. Results Both cases were managed with laparotomy and partial cystectomy. A review of literature suggests recently reported cases of IUCD migration are rising, with most cases having been reported in the last decade. Bladder calculus developing over the migrated IUCD is the most common presentation. Most cases have been managed using endourological techniques. A small number of cases have required open vesicolithotomy or laparoscopic surgery. Rarely, laparotomy has been required. Discussion IUCD migration into the bladder remains rare, however, recently the number of reported cases has risen. A thorough physical examination and radiological evaluation are warranted. Management is surgical in all cases. Most cases can be managed with endourological techniques. A treatment algorithm has been suggested in this paper based on recent data. Conclusion With the rising use of contraception worldwide, the incidence of IUCD migration is possibly going to increase. Treating doctors need to be aware of the possible complications that may arise from a migrated IUCD, including bladder calculi.

The silk spinning apparatus in the spiders, Filistata insidiatrix and Holocnemus pluchei was studied with scanning electron microscopy and the main microstructural characteristics of the silk spinning tubes were described. Each of the two species possesses three pairs of spinnerets, the anterior, middle and posterior ones. The spinnerets have only three types of silk glands, which connected through the typical spinning tubes (spigots) on the spinnerets. These spigots are the ampullate, pyriform and tubuliform tubes. The arrangement, mode of distribution and the microstructure of the spigots were recorded. The distinct difference between the two studied species was the presence of a cribellum located between the anterior spinnerets in the F. insidiatrix, while the other species “H. pluchei” was devoid of this structure. The probable functions of the spigots and cribellum were discussed.

One of the most challenging optimization problems in air traffic control is minimizing the deviation of aircraft arrival times from its target landing time. This can be achieved by efficiently allocating landing times and runways to the arriving aircraft. This problem is called the Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP). To address the ALP, this paper proposes a new approach which combines the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm with an exact timing method. The problem is solved in two stages: first, the optimal sequence is generated using the SA; in the second stage, the optimal landing time is determined using the exact timing method. The proposed approach is tested with \( 500 \) aircraft and a single runway using a well-known benchmark dataset from the scientific literature. The obtained results demonstrated the ability of the proposed approach to generate promising and competitive results.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of the prostate commonly seen in elderly males known to cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that may require surgery as a part of treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard of surgical treatment, but it is not without complications. Laser photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP), introduced in 1998 as an 80 W Nd:YAG laser which passed through a KTP (potassium-titanylphosphate) crystal, emerged as a safe alternative to TURP in selected cases. A recent upgrade to the Greenlight XPS 180 W powered with an LBO (lithium triborate) crystal has been available for use since 2012. Data on the use of this new upgrade is still being collected and analysed, especially in patients with large prostates or high risk cases. We analysed cases done at Jaslok Hospital over a 2-year period. Methods: A total of 34 patients who underwent Laser PVP using XPS 180W for LUTS due to BPH at Jaslok Hospital were part of this study. We analysed the pre- and postoperative variables and the intraoperative parameters of all patients. Results: The XPS 180W was found to be safe and efficacious. Eighteen patients were high-risk cases, classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Classes 3 and 4. Average postoperative catheter duration was 40.18 hours. In prostates of size 80 mL), an average of 390 kJ of energy was used. No major complications were seen in any of the high-risk patients, classified as Clavien Dindo Class 3 and 4. The postoperative drop in IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) was 8.7. Conclusion: We found that Green Light Laser XPS 180W may be used for large (>80 g) prostates, hitherto an indication for open surgery, and that it may be used in high-risk patients, who were otherwise unfit for TURP. It is safe and efficacious. Further, multicenter trials are required to confirm the findings.

A 59-year-old man presented with feverish illness. His Glasgow Coma Scale was 15, had reduced visual acuity in the left eye with partial left ptosis and mild left hemiparesis with an extensor left plantar. Over 48 hours, he accrued multiple cranial nerves palsies and progressed to a flaccid paralysis necessitating admission to an intensive care unit. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study showed 20 lymphocytes and raised protein. Viral and bacterial PCRs were negative. Samples for Lyme, blood-borne viruses, syphilis and autoantibodies were also negative. MRI brain showed T2 abnormalities within the brainstem. Nerve conduction studies revealed an acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy pattern of Guillian Barre Syndrome (GBS). The patient was treated for both infective and inflammatory causes of brainstem encephalitis and GBS. Retrospective studies confirmed the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA in CSF and serum studies showed positive HEV IgG and IgM prior to intravenous infusion. After 3 months of intensive rehabilitation, the patient was discharged home walking with a frame.

Fil: Labra Salgado, Omar Salim. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería y Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas; México. Fil: Rivera, Gibrán. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería y Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas; México. Fil: Reyes García, Juan Ignacio. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería y Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas; México. Many of existing studies analyzing Competitive Intelligence (CI) practices have been conducted within the context of large organizations, which tend to have complex CI models. However, despite the importance of CI in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), CI practices have been underexplored within the context of SMEs. The present study aims at assessing the conditions of SMEs to implement CI processes. The study was conducted within the context of SMEs in the clothing industry because it is in a highly competitive market where any advantage over the competition can be significant for the permanence of these businesses. Six SMEs with similar characteristics were studied. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and were further analyzed using thematic analysis as informed by Braun and Clarke (2006). This analysis was complemented by an analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) by which it was possible to assess the current conditions of the SMEs studied for implementing CI processes. The results show that the characteristics that have in common SMEs are areas of opportunity for this process.

Cloth simulation remains challenging for past two decades. There are several factors that contribute to this challenge such as, internal and external forces, water, oil and other fluid elements. This paper focuses on simulating wet cloth by considering external forces and water element. Initially, the mass spring technique is used to produce cloth sheet that is composed from collection of matrix point that connects to the spring, then external and internal forces are applied into cloth surfaces. The inner strength is represented by stiffness between springs of cloth particles, while outside forces depend on wind pressure and mass of object that rely on gravity. The wet cloth simulation is started by adding the fluid component into the textile elements which will affect the mass of the cloth itself. The cloth will absorb significance quantity of fluid that will distress the tension between spring particles inside cloth. The experiment has been conducted by simulating the cloth while absorbing the fluid which is controlled by particular equation. It has shown that saturation level of cloth is changing as well as the texture turn to be darker compared to dry cloth. The darkest color of cloth reflects the highest saturation level of the cloth. It also means that cloth cannot absorb more fluid since it is already full in term of capacity. The evaluation is conducted by comparing the dry and wet cloth in terms of motion and physical appearance. It is concluded that the proposed method is able to simulate the convincing wet cloth simulation with high Frame per Second (FPS) rate and realistic motion and appearance. The future work can focus on simulating interaction between fluid and cloth elements to see spoil scene, or washing cloth that remain challenging.

Bu çalışmada, e-devlet hizmetlerinin yükselişine odaklanılmış veLibya örnek olarak alınarak, bir e-devlet hizmetleri girişiminin uygulanmasına ilişkin çabalar ve zorluklar üzerine bir çalışma yapılmıştır.E-devlet hizmetleri, hükümetlere, verimlilik, sorumluluk ve taahhütler açısından tasarım ve yöntemler bağlamında önemli bir dönüşüm gereksinimi getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu amaca ulaşmakta, özellikle e-devlet hizmetlerinin uygulanması konusunda, Libya'nın kendine has ve benzersiz zorluklarla karşı karşıya olduğu görülmektedir. Ülkeninbüyük çaplı bir e-devlet projesi için, yeterli kaynaktan ve altyapıdan yoksun gibi göründüğü anlaşılmaktadır.Ayrıca, Libya nüfusunun çoğunun genellikle bilgisayarlar ve internet ile çok az temas halinde olduğu gerçeği, halkın teknolojiye ve uygulamalara karşı güvensiz kılabilmektedir. Öncelikle, bu çalışma zorlukları açıklığa kavuşturmayı ve bunları aşmak için stratejiler önermeyi amaçlamaktadır. This study focuses on the rise of e-government services, specifically considers Libya as an example on its efforts and challenges with respect to implementing of an e-government services initiative. E-government services represent a fundamental transfer in the design and methods of government efficiency, responsibility and commitment. However, Libya in particular seems to face steep and unique challenges when it comes to the implementation of e-government services. The country often seems to lack sufficient resources, infrastructure, and know how to implement a large scale e-government services project.Furthermore, a large number of the Libyan population often have little contact with computers and the internet , and may be distrustful of technology and their government. Primarily, this study aims to clarify the challenges and suggest strategies to overcome them. 63

This study aims at providing an evaluation of the achievement of the secondary phase Islamic Culture text materials of the five basic necessities: preserving the faith, life, money, honor and mind. In order to do so, an attempt has been made to answer two major questions. - What are the five basic necessities that must be available in the Islamic Culture text materials? - To what extent do the currently used text materials provide the means to achieve these necessities? The study sample consists of the Islamic Culture text materials taught at the secondary level in Jordan in the academic year To this end, the researcher has developed a questionnaire which consists of five themes and forty two items. Consistency and accuracy have been verified. Results reveal a high ratio of the Islamic Culture text materials' concern with the first theme, preserving the faith. However, the ratio of the concern with other themes , preserving life, money, honor and mind, is very low. In light of these results, the researcher recommends that: further attention should be paid to the objectives that enhance moderate and forgiveness values, and human rights in all these text materials. Islamic Culture text materials should clearly state the prohibition all kinds of magic and immoral behaviors, including homosexuality. further research should be conducted so as to examine the areas of strengths and weaknesses in the Islamic Culture text materials. The researcher also suggests that there should be a national strategy to fight all means of extremism in all national institutions countrywide.