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28. Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 (Fig. 26) — i) calling song, 3.3 kHz; 30 Ch/min, 23.5ºC (Fig. 98); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul; iii) Zefa et al. (2012). Note: dominant frequency and chirps rhythm of the tree crickets (Oecanthidae) vary greatly in pattern according to temperature variation, and for this reason, we included here the acoustic data of only one individual. Other information is available in Zefa et al. (2012)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Zefa, E., Neutzling, A. S., Redu, D. R., Oliveira G. L. & Martins, L. P. (2012) A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). Zootaxa, 3360 (1), 53 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3360.1.2"]}

48. Paragryllus sp.4 —i) calling song, 2.2 kHz, 19.7ºC; chirps predominantly with 3 pulses; chirp rate was not obtained because the song recording is very short (Fig. 116); ii) State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Sooretama (Reserva Biológica Sooretama); iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

69. Anaxipha sp.7 —i) calling song, 6.8 kHz ± 0.17 (6.6–7, n = 3); 72 Ch/min ± 8.48 (60–78, n = 3); 22 to 29 P/ch; 25 and 26.5ºC (Fig. 133); ii) State of Bahia, municipality of Lençois (Chapada Diamantina); iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

52. Endecous (Endecous) cavernicola Costa Lima, 1940 (Fig. 45) — i) calling song, 3.1 kHz; phrases with 7 to 13 pairs of pulses; 8 Ph/min, 22ºC (Fig. 119); ii) State of Minas Gerais, municipality of Matozinhos, Gruta da Escada; iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

45. Paragryllus sp.1 (Fig. 39) — i) calling song, 3.2 kHz ± 0.27 (2.9–3.6, n = 4); 19.6ºC ± 2.75 (16.5–23.2, n = 3); phrase composed of a group of chirps; the first chirp gradually increase in amplitude and contain irregular pulse arrangement; the amplitude stabilizes on subsequent pulses, which are composed of a single initial pulse, followed by 3 to 5 (or more) pairs of pulses; chirp rate was not obtained because the song recording was very short (Fig. 113); ii) State of Bahia, municipality of Itamaraju (Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal); State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Santa Teresa (Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia); iii) present paper. Note: both individuals from Itamaraju emitted phrases with the first chirp composed of one pulse, while individuals from Santa Teresa present the first chirp with two pulses. Despite this difference, we chose to consider the four individuals within the same sonotype, as the recordings were very short, and this type of variation may be common., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

64. Anaxipha sp.2 (Fig. 55) — i) calling song, 6.5 kHz; 76 Ch/min; 4 and 5 P/ch; 23ºC (Fig. 128); ii) State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Linhares (Reserva Natural da Vale); iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

54. Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus Castro-Souza et al., 2020 (Fig. 47) — i) courtship song 3.5 kHz ± 0.08 (3.4– 3.6, n = 4), 22–24.4ºC; phrases composed of 6 to 30 pairs of pulses; chirp rate was not obtained because the chirp emission varies according to the courtship context; ii) State of Minas Gerais, municipality of Luislândia (Cave Lapa Sem Fim); iii) song parameters obtained of Castro-Souza et al. (2020)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Castro-Souza, R. A., Zefa, E. & Ferreira, R. L. (2020) New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation? Zootaxa, 4810 (2), 271 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4810.2.3"]}

31. Oecanthus rubromaculatus Zefa, 2022 (Fig. 29) — i) calling song, 2.4 kHz at 18.4ºC; regular sequence of chirps (204 Ch/min, chirps with 5, 6 or 7 pulses), interspersed by an irregular sequence of chirps, varying in the number of pulses (Fig. 101); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of São Francisco de Paula (Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula); iii) Zefa et al. (2022)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Zefa, E., Acosta, R. C., Timm, V. F. & Costa, M. K. M. (2022) New species of tree cricket Oecanthus Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with bioacoustics. Zootaxa, 5155 (3), 439 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5155.3.8"]}

3. Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) toledopizai (de Mello, 1988) (Fig. 4) — i) calling song, 5.2 kHz ± 0.36 (4.6–5.6, n = 14); long trills lasting 3.2 s ± 1.02 (1.3–7.8, n = 105), with 45.7 P/s ± 1.85 (41–48, n = 14), 24.1ºC ± 2.97 (19–30, n = 14) (Fig. 70); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipalities of Capão do Leão, Canguçu and São Lourenço do Sul; State of São Paulo, municipality of Rio Claro; iii) present paper; Redü & Zefa (2017)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Redu, D. R. & Zefa, E. (2017) Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from southern Brazil: new species and new records. Zootaxa, 4290 (3), 559 - 570. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4290.3.9"]}

43. Ectecous sp.2 (Fig. 37) — i) calling song, 4.5 kHz ± 0.25 (4.3–5.1, n = 19); 1 to 2 P/s (n = 19); 23.9ºC ± 0.67 (22–24.7, n = 19); phrases composed of a train of sparced pulses, each one with 0.023s ± 0.003 (0.018 –0.028, n = 30); each train of pulses start with 1 to 3 low amplitude chirp, followed by higher amplitude chirps (Fig. 111); ii) State of Alagoas, municipality of Murici (Estação de Floração e Cruzamento Serra do Ouro); State of Ceará, municipality of Ubajara (Parque Nacional de Ubajara), and municipality of Crato (Floresta Nacional do Araripe-Apodi); iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

30. Oecanthus pictus Milach & Zefa, 2015 (Fig. 28) — i) calling song, 3.2 kHz ± 0.08 (3.1–3.3, n = 5); trill with 35 P/s ± 1.26 (33–36, n = 5), 18 –19.5ºC (Fig. 100); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul; State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Cariacica (Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas); iii) present paper; Milach et al. (2015)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Milach, E. M., Martins, L. P., Costa, M. K. M., Gottschalk, M. S., Oliveira, G. L., Redu, D. R., Neutzling, A. S., Dornelles, J. E. F., Vasconcellos, L. A. & Zefa, E. (2015) A new species of tree crickets Oecanthus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation. Zootaxa, 4018 (2), 266 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4018.2.6"]}

58. Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius Castro-Souza et al., 2020 (Fig. 51) — i) courtship song, 3.9 kHz ± 0.16 (3.6–4, n = 4); phrases with 4 to 30 pairs of pulses; phrase rate was not obtained because the emission varies according to the courtship context; ii) State of Minas Gerais, municipality of Luislândia (Lapa Sem Fim cave); iii) song parameters obtained of Castro-Souza et al. (2020)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Castro-Souza, R. A., Zefa, E. & Ferreira, R. L. (2020) New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation? Zootaxa, 4810 (2), 271 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4810.2.3"]}

6. Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 7) — i) calling song, 3.8 kHz ± 0.13 (3.58–3.93, n = 4); chirps with 6 to 9 pulses; 84 Ch/min ± 19.4 (60–114, n = 4); Pp = 0.02 s ± 0.002 (0.017 –0.022, n = 2); 23.6ºC ± 0.94 (23–25, n = 4) (Fig. 73); ii) State of São Paulo, municipalities of Colombia, Campos do Jordão (Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão) and Rio Claro; State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Cariacica (Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas); iii) present paper; Zefa & Fontanetti (2002); David et al. (2003)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Zefa, E. & Fontanetti, C. S. (2002) Pars stridens morphology and acoustic signal emission in the reprodutive behavior of Gryllus assimilis Fabricius, 1775 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae). Naturalia (Sao Jose do Rio Preto), Rio Claro - Sao Paulo, 27, 133 - 143.","David, J. A. de O., Zefa, E. & Fontanetti, C. S. (2003) Cryptic species of Gryllus in the light of bioacoustic (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Neotropical Entomology, 32, 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2003000100010"]}

46. Paragryllus sp.2 (Fig. 40) — i) calling song, 2.2 kHz ± 0.09 (2.1–2.4, n = 6); 21–22ºC; chirps with two or three pulses, which are irregularly arranged; we chose do not to include the chirp rate because the chirps emission varied greatly between and among the individuals analyzed (Fig. 114); ii) State of Ceará, municipality of Crato (Floresta Nacional do Araripe-Apodi); iii) present paper. Note. the songs were emitted by individuals near to each other (about half a meter in the same trunk), and also by males present in trunks of other nearby trees (about 5 meters from each other); we observed different stridulation rhythms of males present in these trunks, probably in response to the bats’ activity flying between the trunks while the crickets chirped asynchronously., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

40. Microlerneca sp. (Fig. 34) — i) calling song, 3.8 kHz (n = 3); 7 P/s, 23.4 to 24.2ºC; trill composed of double pulses, with the first one markedly small in amplitude and number of song waves (Fig. 109); ii) State of Espírito Santo, municipality of Linhares (Reserva Natural da Vale); iii) present paper., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

56. Endecous (Notendecous) onthophagus (Berg, 1891) (Fig. 49) — i) calling song, 4.4 kHz ± 0.4 (4.3–4.4, n = 1); phrases present 6 pulses, and may occur phrases with 5 to 9 pulses; Ph/min was not obtained because the phrases rhythm is irregular, (Fig. 122); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of Pelotas; iii) present paper; Acosta et al. (2020)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966, {"references":["Acosta, R. C., Timm, V. F., Szinwelski, N., Costa, M. K. M. da & Zefa, E. (2020) Mating behavior and acoustic communication of the long-legged cricket Endecous (Notendecous) onthophagus (Berg, 1891) from Southern Brazil (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae). Zootaxa, 4743 (3), 427 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4743.3.10"]}

Milach, Elisa Machado, Martins, Luciano De P., Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Dornelles, José Eduardo Figueiredo, Vasconcellos, Lucas Azevedo, Zefa, Edison (2015): A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation. Zootaxa 4018 (2): 266-278, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.243123

Oecanthus pictus Milach & Zefa, n. sp. Type material. Holotype ♂: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, S��o Louren��o do Sul, S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 19.iii. 2011, D.R. Red�� leg., calling song R07 (OSF), MZUSP. Paratypes: same data of Holotype (10 ♂, 5 ♀, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / R01, R04, R05, R 18 (4 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 20.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / GG05, GG07, GG09, R06, R08, R09, R 11, R 12, R 13, R 14, R 15, R 17, R 19, R 20, R 21, R 22, R 25, R 26, GG06, GG 10, GG 11, GG 12, GG 14 (23 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 21.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / R 29 (1 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 26.iii. 2011, A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / W01, W02, W03, W04, W06, W07, W08, W09, W 10, W 11 (10 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 27.iii. 2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / W 12, W 14 (2 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii. 2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / (41 ♂, 5 ♀, INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the black dots on body and appendages (from latim pictus = dotted). Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: paired postocular lines; L-shaped pedicel mark; tibia I and II proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots and four pairs of dots; abdomen tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; scutum posterior median lobe indented; pseudepiphallic main lobe V-shaped indented; endophallic sclerite anteriorly bifurcated, outer branch truncated; ectophallic sclerite posteriorly V-shaped. Description, male holotype (Figs 5���12). Body slender, light green, punctulated; Head glabrous; clypeus and labrum whitish; gena with pigmentar strips; frons with bristles; ecdysial suture pigmented, with short bristles; group of bristles above the eyes; occiput with a pair of parallel stripes posterior each eyes; green eyes in vivo, but black eyes outlined of depigmented ommatidia when fixed in alcohol, depigmented ommatidia where lies the scape; ocelli absent; J-shaped marked scape, L-shaped marked pedicel, antennae flagellum alternating four times two thinner pingmentar ring with a thicker one, pattern is lost toward apex; maxillary palpi moderately elongate with five joints, first and second subequal, smaller than the other three, marked with an incomplete pigmentar ring, third to fifth subequal, third with ventral strip, fourth with incomplete basal ring, and ventral strip, fifth fusiform, depressed at inner, with incomplete basal ring, and an apical diagonal complete ring; labial palpi three-jointed, gradual increase in size toward apex, pigmentar mark at apex, third claviform, incomplete pigmentar ring at base and apex. Thorax: pronotum slightly pubescent, pigmented, translucent, longer as wider, bristles on the border; tegmina translucent, longer than the abdome; hindwings short, reaching first two abdominal tergites; femur I dotted in dorsal face; tibia I proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots and four pairs of dots, unarmed, swollen near base and mounted each side with an elongated-oval tympanum, inner longer (0.44mm) than the outer (0.35mm); tarsus I three-jointed, basitarsus lighter and longer than two others together; leg II with the same pattern of leg I, without tympanum; femur III dotted in dorsal face; tibia III same marks pattern of tibia I, serrulated, armed with three pairs of subapical spurs tipped with black; there are black spines between subapical spurs; three apical spurs at outer and four at inner face of the tibia III; basitarsus longer than the two others together, armed with two subequal, apical, tipped with black spurs; the median tarsus the smallest. Abdomen: tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; cerci slender, shorter (2.25mm) than the abdomen (5.86mm), marked with a subapical light brown ring; supranal plate translucent, rounded posteriorly, margin with long bristles; subgenital plate rounded posteriorly, with short lateral protuberance. Metanotal Gland (Figs 9, 13��� 14) pit wide, scutum with a pair of inflated protuberance, each including a tuft of bristles projected medio-anteriorly (Fig. 13, a), a dense tuft of long bristles projected medio-posteriorly (Fig. 13, b), and a tuft of short bristles projected dorso-posteriorly (Fig. 13, c); posterior median lobe with median indentation, pubescent (Fig. 14, pml); scuto-scutellar suture slightly sinuous, without bristles (Fig. 13, ss); scutellum with latero-posterior bristles. Measurements cavity area 0.47mm ��; scutum area 0.89mm ��; scutellum area 0.34mm ��; total gland length 1mm; total gland width 1.43mm; scutum lenght 0.75mm; scutum width 1mm; scutellum length 0.25mm; scutellum width 1.28mm. Right Tegmen (Fig. 10). Lateral field width, 3.42mm; lateral field length, 6.83mm; 12 acessory veins; dorsal field projected beyond abdomen; basal area reduced, including veins 1 A, 2 A, 3 A and Cu 2, last forming the file with 47 teeth (Fig. 7); file length, 0.86mm; chordal area bearing the veins 2 A, 1 A e Cu 2; harpa area, 3.42mm ��, harp with three cross veins slightly sinuous; mirror area, 8.65mm ��, mirror with two straight cross veins; apical area reduced. Calling song (Figs 15���17). Field recorded in 19.iii. 2011, at 19 h 30, ambient temperature at 14 ��C; trill with dominant frequency of 2422 Hz, pulse period of 0.037 s, and pulse rate of 28 pulses/second. Observations in Paratypes. There were four groups of body color pattern in O. pictus n. sp.: group 1, light yellow-green, and very light dotts (Fig. 1); group 2, light green, and dark dotts (Fig. 2); group 3, green, and dotts darker than group 2 (Fig. 3); and group 4, green-brown, and dotts more intense than the group 3 (Fig. 4). Legs I, II and III punctulated (Figs 23���25); tibiae I and II proximal to distal (dorsal view) with three marks forming, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three marks, and then three or four pairs of marks (Fig. 25, a���g), some individuals showed failures in the pair marks formation. Antennae. Scape and pedicel marks varying in the shape and pigmentation marks (Fig. 27). Phallic sclerites (Figs 28���38). Pseudepiphallic main lobe slightly inflated with V-median indentation; pseudepiphallic apodemes present; rami prolonged laterally, and fused posteriorly; lateral endophallic sclerite posteriorly bilobed, anteriorly bifurcated, with outer branch truncated (Figs 29, 30, 37, 38, arrow); ectophallic sclerite posteriorly V-bifurcate with inner branches forming an ectophallic fold, and outer placed between endophallic lobes. Male and Female body Measurements. Tab. 1. Right Tegmen Measurements. Dorsal field length 7.8mm �� 0.33 (7.1���8.7, n= 47); dorsal field width 3.6mm �� 0.17 (3.3���4, n= 47); lateral field acessory veins 11.2 �� 0.97 veins (9���13, n= 36); mirror area 10.1mm �� �� 0.93 (8.2���12.2, n= 47); harp area 4.3mm �� �� 0.39 (3.2���5 n= 41); file length 1.1mm �� 0.06 (0.8���2.6, n= 50); file teeth number 46 �� 3.64 (39���49, n= 45). The table 2 presents right tegmen measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictus n. sp. We carried out a Principal Component Analysis comparing of the tegmen measurements in the four groups deffined by the body colour of specimens, and no differences were seen (component one 90.7 %, and component two 7.6 %) (Fig. 39). Structure/Groups 1, n= 12 2, n= 12 3, n= 11 4, n= 6 Average Metanotal Gland Measurements ( n= 86). Metanotal gland length, 1.2mm �� 0.07 (1.1���1.4); metanotal gland width, 1.5mm ��0,08 (1.2���1.7); cavity area 0.57mm �� ��0,15 (0.45���0.65); scutum area 1.1mm �� �� 0.08 (0.9���1.3mm ��); scutellum area 0.42mm �� �� 0.04 (0.31���0.52); scutum length 0.88mm �� 0.06 (0.76���1.11); scutum width 1.5mm �� 0.08 (1.2���1.7); scutellum length 0.36mm �� 0.03 (0.28���0.45); scutellum width 1.3mm �� 0.06 (1.1���1.5). The table 3 presents metanotal gland measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictus n. sp. The comparison of the tegmen measurements shows no difference in the four groups (Principal Component Analysis: component one 68.8 %, and componente two 19.7 %) (Fig. 40). Calling song (Figs 18���19). Individuals recorded: Group 1: R04 and R05; Group 2: SP04, GG06, GG 10, GG 11, GG 12, R01, R 11, R 13, R 18, R 21, R 25, R 29, W02, W07, W08, W 11, W 12 and W 14; Group 3: GG05, GG07, GG09, R06, R09, R 12, R 15, R 17, R 19, R 20, R 22, R 26, W01, W03, W04, W06, W09 and W 10; Group 4: SP06, GG 14, R08 and R 14. There were significant positive effect of temperature on pulse rate (F1,39= 717.58, pFemale (Figs 41���49). Body color and dotts pattern similar to males; supranal and subgenital plates as Figures 48 and 49, respectively; ovipositor apex denticulated (Figs 42���47); Measurements, Tab. 1. Habitat. Same as O. lineolatus and O. pallidus (Zefa et al. 2012)., Published as part of Milach, Elisa Machado, Martins, Luciano De P., Costa, Maria K��tia Matiotti Da, Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Dornelles, Jos�� Eduardo Figueiredo, Vasconcellos, Lucas Azevedo & Zefa, Edison, 2015, A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation, pp. 266-278 in Zootaxa 4018 (2) on pages 268-274, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.243123, {"references":["Zefa, E., Neutzling, A. S., Redu, D. R., Oliveira, G. L. & Martins, L. P. (2012) A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). Zootaxa, 3360, 53 - 67."]}

We provide herein a description of a new species of Oecanthus collected from the tobacco plantation in southern Brazil, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul. Description focused metanotal gland features, phallic sclerites, and calling song. A large sampling of individuals was distributed into four groups according to body and appendages color and dotted. We also rank all kind of marks present in the scape and pedicel. We compare linear morphometric variables of the metanotal glands and tegmina, as well as calling song parameters between groups in order do define all of them as the same species. Photographs and measurements are provided.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Acoustic communication is used by a large amount of animals for the search of sexual mates to be easier and reducing energy spent on it. For communication to be successful, signals must undergo three processes: production by a sound source, propagation through the environment, and reception by the target receiver. Due to its intimate relationship to reproductive success, natural selection benefits adaptations that raises the efficiency of signals to reach the receiver and minimize sound interference with other sounds. In the present work, we assessed questions related to the three processes of acoustic communication: production, propagation and receiving. In the first chapter, we study an Atlantic Forest cricket assemblage and evaluated possible ecological processes of acoustic activity inhibition in response to sound similarity. We also evaluated processes of acoustic signals differentiation by using null models approach on the calling song parameteres. We found that resemblance between species in their calling song temporal components was negatively correlated to temporal coocurrence between them, but no influence of coocurrence in frequency similarities. We also observed regular spacing between species sound frequencies, whereas differences in temporal components of signals didn t differ from the null model. Thus, we infer that species with similar temporal parameters minimize sound interference by avoiding calling together. Even spacing in sound frequency values are evidences of community-wide selective pressures that lead to regular partitioning of sound space. In the second chapter, we evaluated the behavioral strategies during sound emission, the possible agonistic interactions and calling site use regarding height and leaf blade dimensions in two sympatric cricket species (Phylloscyrtus amoenus and Cranistus colliurides) with similar sound frequencies. We found that both species presented similar stridulation behavior, using leaf surfaces as sound baffles and emitting acoustic signals to multiple directions. We observed intra and interspecific agonistic interactions related to calling site dispute. Calling sites of both species were similar in leaf dimensions, but different in height. The stridulation behavior provides us evidences of maximization of acoustic signals range. Agonistic interactions seems to be related to dispute for better calling sites to emit acoustic signals. Similarities in leaf dimensions may be related to the similarities in their sound frequencies, so their signals suffer the same constraints imposed by obstacles. A comunicação acústica é amplamente utilizada pelos animais, diminuindo o gasto de energia na busca ativa por parceiros sexuais. Para que a comunicação seja efetiva, os sinais acústicos devem passar por três processos: produção dos sinais pelo organismo, propagação dos mesmos pelo ambiente e recepção dos sinais por um receptor alvo. Por estar intimamente relacionada ao sucesso reprodutivo, a seleção natural favorece adaptações que aumentam a eficiência dos sinais em atingir o receptor e minimizam a interferência com outros sons provindos de fontes bióticas ou abióticas. Neste trabalho, estudamos processos de inibição da atividade acústica e de diferenciação nos parâmetros sonoros de espécies simpátricas de grilos, além de estratégias comportamentais relacionadas à emissão e à propagação dos sinais acústicos. No primeiro capítulo, avaliamos uma assembleia de grilos da Mata Atlântica quanto a eventuais processos ecológicos de inibição da atividade acústica, em resposta à interferência sonora interespecífica. Analisamos para todos os pares de espécies a relação entre a coocorrência das espécies e a similaridade nos parâmetros temporais e na frequência de seus sons de chamado. Também avaliamos processos de diferenciação dos sinais acústicos ao aplicarmos análises de modelos nulos sobre os parâmetros do som de chamado das espécies. Verificamos que: (i) a similaridade entre espécies quanto a componentes temporais dos parâmetros do som de chamado foi negativamente correlacionada com a coocorrência temporal entre elas e (ii) a similaridade na frequência sonora não se correlacionou significativamente com a coocorrência temporal. Também observamos espaçamento regular entre os valores de frequência das espécies, enquanto que diferenças nos componentes temporais dos parâmetros sonoros se deram ao acaso. Baseado nisso, inferimos que as espécies com parâmetros temporais semelhantes minimizam a interferência sonora interespecífica evitando emissão simultânea de sinais acústicos. O espaçamento regular entre as frequência sonoras das espécies fornece evidências de pressões seletivas atuando sobre toda a comunidade que favoreceram frequências sonoras diferentes, levando à partição regular do espaço sonoro e a diminuição da interferência entre as frequências. No segundo capítulo, trabalhamos questões relacionadas à produção, propagação e interferência sonora em duas espécies simpátricas de grilos, Phyllocyrtus amoenus e Cranistus coliurides, que apresentam frequências sonoras semelhantes. Para isto, avaliamos eventuais estratégias comportamentais de aumento da intensidade sonora durante a estridulação, as interações agonísticas em relação à ocupação de poleiros, e sua escolha por sítios de chamado quanto à altura em relação ao solo e às dimensões das folhas utilizadas como sítio. Verificamos que as duas espécies apresentaram comportamento semelhante durante a estridulação, utilizando a superfície das folhas como defletores acústicos e emitindo sinais acústicos em múltiplas direções. Observamos interações agonísticas intra- e interespecíficas de defesa de sítio de chamado, sempre com expulsão de um dos competidores ao final. Os sítios de chamado utilizados pelas duas espécies foram semelhantes quanto às dimensões do limbo foliar, porém as espécies apresentaram diferenças quanto à altura em relação ao solo. O comportamento de estridulação observado para as duas espécies nos fornece evidências de que ambas estariam maximizando o raio de ação dos sinais acústicos emitidos. As interações agonísticas provavelmente se relacionam à ocupação de melhores sítios de chamado para a propagação dos seus sinais. Ao considerarmos a semelhança entre as espécies quanto às suas frequências sonoras, sugerimos que a similaridade nas dimensões das folhas utilizadas como sítio está relacionada à ocupação de locais onde a propagação de seus sinais é melhor.

Oecanthus pallidus Zefa, n. sp. (Fig. 1, 2) Etymology. The specific epithet refers to pale body color. Holotype. Male; Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 12 /ii/ 2012, A. S. Neutzling leg. Paratypes. 12 adult males, 12 /ii/ 2012; Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, A.S. Neutzling leg. Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body slender and pale green. Head pale-yellow and glabrous; clypeus and labrum whitish; maxillary palpi moderately elongate with five joint, first and second joints smaller then the other three, third to fifth joints subequal in size, latter fusiform and depressed at inner side (Fig. 5); joints of labial palpi with gradual increase in size toward apex; scape and pedicel marked by a longitudinal black line outlined in white; moderately prominent greenish-white eyes (Fig. 7), ocelli absent. Pronotum slightly pubescent with slender bristles on the border; tibiae I unarmed, swollen near base and mounted each side with an elongated-oval tympanum (Fig. 9, t); three-jointed tarsi I, basitarsus longer than two others together; tibiae and tarsi II same as tibiae I, without tympanum; femur III uniformly whitish green; tibiae III armed above on each margin with a row of small spines; three to five inner and three to five outer subapical spurs; there are spines between subapical spurs; three apical spurs at outer side (Fig. 11, a���c) and four at inner side of the tibiae (Fig. 12, d���g); spurs and spines tipped with black; proximal joint of the tarsi III longer than the two others, the middle joint is the smallest one. Tegmina little sclerotinized (Fig. 13), projecting beyond the abdomen; dorsal field translucent allowing to see hindwings; three crossveins in the harp and two in the mirror; file teeth number 32.8 �� 1.2 (31���34, n = 6); hindwings caudate. Scutum of the metanotal gland with two pairs of bristles tuft (Fig. 15, tb); posterior median lobe of scutum as Fig. 15, pml; no bristles on scutum and scutellun at scutoscutellar suture (Fig. 15, ss); scutellun as Fig. 15, St; greenish-white abdomen tergites, sternites lighter then tergites, cerci slender, pale-green, tipped with black; supra-anal and subgenital plates as Fig. 18, 20, respectively. Male phallic sclerites. Median ectophallic sclerite connected to the dorsal cavity; lateral endophallic sclerite posteriorly bilobed and anteriorly bifurcated, inner branch slightly connected to ectophallic sclerite; ectophallic sclerite posteriorly bifurcate with inner branch connected forming an ectophallic fold, and outer placed between posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite; main lobe of pseudepiphallus triangular and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 26), with a median U-shaped invagination; rami fused proximad, pseudepiphallic apodemes present. Male body measurements (in mm, n = 9). Body length 10.9 �� 0.8 (9.7���10.9); head width 1.5 �� 0.05 (1.4���1.5); inter ocelli width 0.6 �� 0.1 (0.5���0.6); pronotum length 1.7 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.7); pronotum width 1.6 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.6); hind femur length 7.6 �� 0.4 (6.9���7.6); hind tibia length 8.5 �� 0.5 (7.7���8.5); tegmen length 11.1 �� 0.4 (10.6���11.6, n= 6). Holotype calling song (Fig. 31, 33). 12.ii. 2012, 0h02min; 16 ��C; field recorded; dominant frequency 2184 Hz; chirp duration 1.98 s; chirp period 5.29 s; pulses per chirp 83; pulse rate 43; chirp rate 11.4. Paratypes calling song data, and relationship between frequency/pulse-rate and pulse-rate/temperature showed in Tab. 1, Figs. 35���36, respectively. Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male with the following exceptions: slightly larger in size, ovipositor rather robust, tipped with black (Fig. 37); subgenital and supra-anal plates as Fig. 39, 40, respectively; body measurements (in mm, n = 3): body length 11.1 �� 0.7 (10.3���11.8); head width 1.5 �� 0.01 (1.52���1.55); inter ocelli width 0.7 �� 0.05 (0.6���0.7); pronotum length 1.8 �� 0.2 (1.7���2); pronotum width 1.6 �� 0.1 (1.6���1.7); femur III length 7.9 �� 0.45 (7.3���8.2); tibia III length 8.9 �� 0.42 (8.5���9.4); ovipositor length 4.7 �� 0.31 (4.4���4.9). Diagnosis. Resulting from the combination of characteristics that follow: head pale-yellow and subtly contrasting with whitish-green body color, greenish-white eyes; scape and pedicel both marked by a white spot bearing a longitudinal black line; metanotal gland features as Fig. 15; file teeth number 32.8 �� 1.2 (31���34, n = 6); calling song at 16 ��C (dominant frequency 2184 Hz; chirp duration 1.98 s; chirp period 5.29 s; pulses per chirp 83; pulse rate 43; chirp rate 11.4), considering relationship between dominant frequency/pulse-rate and pulse rate/temperature; hindwings caudate. Depository. Holotype male and six paratypes will be kept at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo (MZUSP). Six paratypes will be deposited at collection of the Departamento de Zoologia e Gen��tica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De & Martins, Luciano De Pinho, 2012, A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae), pp. 53-67 in Zootaxa 3360 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209856

Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897: 254. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. A male labeled as syntype in Mus��um d'histoire naturelle de Gen��ve. Male (Fig. 3). Differs from O. pallidus n. sp. by body color, being slightly darker as pale-green, pale-green head with yellow eyes (Fig. 6, 8); femur III translucent/pale-green variegated (Fig. 10); file teeth number 47 �� 2.2 (42���51, n = 18); hindwings non caudate; metanotal gland scutum with two pairs of bristles Fig. 16, tb; posterior median lobe of scutum as Fig. 16, pml; no bristles on scutum and scutellun at scutoscutellar suture (Fig. 16, ss); scutellun as Fig. 16, St; supra-anal and subgenital plates as Fig. 17, 19, respectively; main lobe of pseudepiphallus lenticularshaped, projecting posteriorly (Fig. 27). Male body measurements (in mm, n = 32). Body length 12.4 �� 1.3 (10.4���15.1); head width: 1.7 �� 0.05 (1.6���1.8); inter ocelli width: 0.7 �� 0.1 (0.5���0.8); pronotum length 2.2 �� 0.1 (2.02���2.5); pronotum width: 2 �� 0.1 (1.8���2.2); hind femur length: 7.8 �� 0.3 (7.4���8.4); hind tibia length��� 8.3 �� 0.3 (7.7���8.9); tegmen length 12.1 �� 0.3 (11.4���12.6, n = 15). Male phallic sclerites (Fig. 21���25; 27���30). Similar to O. pallidus n. sp., differing in main body of pseudepiphallus. Calling song (Fig. 32, 34). 20.ii.2011, 21h; 16 ��C; field recorded; dominant frequency 2570 Hz; chirp duration 0.88 s; chirp period 2.91 s; pulses per chirp 34; pulse rate 39; chirp rate 20.4. Individuals data, and relationship between frequency/pulse-rate and pulse-rate/temperature showed in Tab. 1, Figs. 35���36, respectively. Note: calling song of O. lineolatus and O. pallidus n. sp. showed intraspecific and individual variation in the chirp structure, including amplitude differences in the first pulse and/or failures along the chirp; some were highlighted in Figs. 33, a, b, c; 34, a, b, c). Female (Fig. 4). Similar in color to male, slightly larger in size; ovipositor rather robust, tipped with black (Fig. 38); subgenital and supra-anal plates as Fig. 41���42, respectively; body measurements (in mm, n = 10): body length 11.9 �� 1.2 (10.1���13.3); head width 1.7 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.8); inter ocelli width 0.7 �� 0.04 (0.6���0.8); pronotum length 2.1 �� 0.1 (1.9���2.2); pronotum width 1.8 �� 0.1 (1.6���2.1); hind femur length 7.7 �� 0.2 (7.4���8.2); hind tibia length 8.4 �� 0.3 (7.7���8.9); ovipositor length 5 �� 0.2 (4.7���5.2). Specimens examined. 36 males and 10 females, municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 13 /ii/ 2011. A.S. Neutzling leg. Voucher specimes. 26 males and five females will be kept at collection of the Departamento de Zoologia e Gen��tica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) and, 10 males and five females at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo (MZUSP). Habitat and behavior of O. pallidus n. sp. and O. lineolatus. Both species were found in the boundary between tobacco plantation and native shrubs (Fig. 43), preferably dwelling plants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and erva-lanceta (Solidago chilensis); hiding immobile during day among the tobacco sprouting leaves and S. chilensis abaxial leaf surface; they were active at night, performing an omnivorous diet, including tobacco leaves, aphids and pollen, latter sometimes was accessed by chewing a hole in the corolla settled at anther position (Fig. 44); they also showed preference for inflorescence, fruits, as well as aphids from leaves of S. chilensis; males began their calling song at dusk, peaking between 21 h to 1 h, and reducing activity towards at dawn; preferentially folded tobacco leaves were used as calling song perch (Fig. 45); males also clewed an oval-shaped hole in the center of leaf setting the forewings against its edges to stridulate (Fig. 46); other species of trees and shrubs were also used as perch to stridulate., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De & Martins, Luciano De Pinho, 2012, A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae), pp. 53-67 in Zootaxa 3360 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209856