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The aim of this study was to produce an internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion model in dogs that can be used for studying the effects of surgical revascularization procedures.After left frontoparietal craniectomy, the ICA and arterial circle of the brain were coagulated and transected, letting the middle cerebral artery be perfused by the contralateral ICA by way of the rostral cerebral artery in five mongrel dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed during the first 24 to 48 hours and 7 to 10 days after the operation. Paired t and Wilcoxon matched pair tests were used for statistics (p0.05).All the dogs had postoperative hemiparesis that returned to normal after 7 to 10 days. Early MRI showed cerebral ischemia in the left parietal cortical area extending to the subcortical white matter, sparing the basal ganglion and the internal capsule. Early brain SPECT demonstrated hypoperfusion corresponding to the same area. This area became significantly restricted to a small cortical area in late MRI and SPECT images (p0.05).It is concluded that, as symptoms resolved spontaneously, this model can be used as a "reversible ischemic neurological deficit" model for diagnostic imaging and pharmacological studies.

Five large myelomeningocele defects repaired by bilateral fasciocutaneous flaps are presented in this article.After the neurological repair, bilateral fasciocutaneous flaps were raised, transposed over the midline, and sutured to each other.All operations lasted shorter than one hour and no major complication was noted in the follow-up. Three of the defects were in the thoracolumbar and two in the lumbosacral regions. The areas of the defects were between 5x6 cm (30 cm2) and 8x10 cm (80 cm2).The bilateral fasciocutaneous flap technique offers a shorter operation duration and lower bleeding rate; it is simple to learn and practice and does not abolish alternative operation techniques.

We present a case with median and radial nerve injuries together with brachial artery occlusion after a dog bite that is seen rarely in the literature. A 26 year-old man was admitted to our emergency department with a complaint of dog bite and weakness of fingers at the left upper extremity. There were bite impressions at the left arm. The physical examination of the patient revealed no brachial and radial artery pulse. The neurological examination revealed radial and median nerve deficits. The patient underwent a thromboembolectomy operation following laboratory and radiological evaluations. The nerve injuries were evaluated as partial and medical treatment was administered.

A pneumatocyst in the cervical spine is extremely rare and to our knowledge only a few reports have been published in the English literature. Although the etiology and natural course of vertebral body pneumatocyst is unclear, nitrogen gas accumulation is claimed. A 65-year-old-man was admitted to the emergency department with neck pain and numbness and incapacity in his both hands and fingers. The radiological images revealed a vertebral located pneumatocyst in the C4 cervical vertebra. In this report, we present a case of cervical pneumatocyst located in the C4 vertebral body. The clinical and radiological features and natural course of the pneumatocyst were evaluated.

This study presents neuroprotective effects of fish n-3 EFA on the prefrontal cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Eighteen rats divided into three groups. Group A rats were used as control. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was produced in rats either on a standard diet (Group B) or a standard diet plus fish n-3 EFA for 14 days (Group C). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured and the number of apoptotic neurons was counted. The levels of MDA and activities of SOD increased in Group B rats as compared to Group A rats, and decreased in Group C rats as compared to Group B rats. The activities of CAT increased in Group C as compared to Group B rats. The number of apoptotic neurons in the prefrontal cortex was lower in Group C as compared to Group B rats.

Intradiploic cavernous hemangioma of the skull is seen rarely. Intradiploic cavernous hemangiomas arise from the intrinsic vasculature of the bone and generally picks up at the fourth and fifth decades. In this report, we present a 16-year-old child who was admitted with a swelling lesion in the right parietal bone and diagnosed as cavernous hemangioma after total extirpation.

Idiopathic transverse myelitis is a monophasic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and its recurrence is a rare entity. Existence of syringomyelia in the spinal cord in inflammatory CNS disease is not usually encountered. This case study describes a 45-year-old man who was admitted with features of a cervical demyelinating disease. The history of the patient indicated that this could be a recurring attack. Cervical MRI and laboratory examination of the patient showed evidence of recurrent transverse myelitis. The patient was managed with medical therapy. The follow-up cervical MRI of the patient 2 years later indicated syringomyelia in the cervical cord.

The diagnosis and management of acute subdural hematoma is important in neurosurgery practice. Rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma within a few hours is seen rarely on the CT scan. We present a case that enlarged the existent subdural hygroma showing rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma with resolution in 9 hours after the trauma. Additionally, the follow-up CT scans in the 1st month showed the decrease of enlargement of subdural hygroma. The resolution of acute subdural hematoma and effect of acute subdural hematoma on subdural hygroma must be considered during management. The relation of acute subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma is important for the resolution and management of acute subdural hematoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography findings of 30 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and headache were studied prospectively. Our magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography findings support that polycystic ovary syndrome with severe headache is a promoter of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

WOS: 000244192200010, PubMed: 16598483, Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and has wide usage in different areas. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of C. botulinum toxin on the central nerve system in chick embryos. Forty fertile Hubbard Broil eggs, all at Stage 8 of development, were divided into four equal groups: Group 1 embryos (n=10), the control group, were explanted and grown for 18 h in a nutrient medium (thin albumin). Group 2 embryos (n=10) were grown in medium containing 5 U BTX, Group 3 embryos (n=10) in a medium containing 10 U BTX and Group 4 embryos (n=10) in medium containing 20 U BTX. After the incubation period, 80% of Group 1 and 2 embryos and 90% of Group 3 and 4 embryos had intact neural tubes (P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that BTX had no additional effect on neural tube development in early chick embryos.

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a role in some normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis during cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in response to haemorrhagic shock in a rat model.Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, haemorrhagic shock (HS), ischemic reperfusion (IR), 1st hour IR, 3rd hour IR, 6th hour IR and 24th hour IR. Rats were sacrificed by taking blood from intracardiac area after finishing the experiment. The tissues were fixed using neutral buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination. Tissues were stained immunohistochemically with APO 2.7 and positive expression apoptotic cells were counted using a Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 vision analysis system.There were 2-3 apoptotic cells in the control group (group 1) and this number increased to 8-11 in the haemorrhagic shock group (group 2) (p0.05). Secondary or more serious injury occurs during ischemic reperfusion injury. The number of apoptotic cells increased to 11-14 at the 1st hour (group 3) and it was significant as compared to group 2 (p0.05). The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 15-17 by the 3rd hour (group 4) as compared to group 3 (p0.05). While there was no additional increase by the end of the 6th hour (group 5) as compared to group 4, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 18-24 by the end of 24th hour (group 6) as compared to group 5 (p0.05).The majority of injuries to the brain following haemorrhagic shock occur during ischemic reperfusion. We observed that apoptosis increases step by step on the 1st, 3rd and 24th hours after ischemic reperfusion injury.

Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations are the most common pediatric neurosurgical procedures in the treatment of hydrocephalus. However, ventricular shunting is frequently associated with a wide variety of complications. Umbilical perforation is an extremely rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Case report We present an infant with umbilical abscess, meningitis, and umbilical perforation of the distal end of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which was placed for congenital hydrocephalus.

We report a rare case in which a metallic foreign object migrated to cervical intervertebral foramina. Only two cases have been reported.Plain films films and Computed Tomography of the cervical spine showed a foraminal metallic object

Objectives An unusual case of hydatid disease is reported. Review of the pertinent literature did not reveal any hydatid disease located simultaneously in both the intracranial and submandibular glands. This is the first case with hydatid disease occurring in both locations at the same time. Study Design The case of an 18-year-old is presented; the symptoms, findings, methods of diagnosis, and our approach for treatment are discussed; and the literature is reviewed. Results The intracranial lesion was completely excised by left-sided frontoparietal craniotomy, and the mass in the right side of the submandibular gland was removed through a submandibular approach at the same session. The intact cyst was completely excised. Histological examination of both lesions confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst by Echinococcus granulosus. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the seventh day. Conclusions Hydatid cyst should be suspected during the evaluation of cervical masses, particularly in endemic regions. Hydatid disease infestations are best treated with complete excision of the intact cyst.

Case report.We report a rare case of epidural thoracal teratoma in a 7-month-old girl. A total laminectomy was performed via T6–T8 and the lesion was totally excised. Results and discussion. We describe the radiological, surgical and pathological findings in this patient and review the findings in other reported cases.

Six patients received 1 g and six other patients received 2 g of cefoperazone and sulbactam 15 minutes before lumbar disc surgery. Liquid chromatographic analysis of disc tissue revealed that only patients receiving the 2-g dose had mean tissue levels above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis.