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The founders of the field of marriage and family therapy (MFT) have often spoken of the importance of having children present during therapy. However, children provide new challenges to any therapy session and therapists are often reluctant to invite them into session (Johnson and Thomas in J Marital Family Ther 25(1):117–123, 1999; Korner and Brown in J Family Psychol 3(4):420, 1990). Our littlest clients may be the most likely to trigger self of the therapist (SOT) reactions due to their emotional and reactive nature. Research has explored how licensed therapists view children in therapy and children’s opinion about being included, (Miller and McLeod in Family J 9(4):375–383, 2001; Ruble in Contemp Family Ther 21(4):485, 1999; Sori et al. in Sori (ed) Engaging children in family therapy, Routledge, New York, 2006; Sori et al. in Family J 23(4):427–434, 2015) but less research has been devoted to how student and recent graduates respond to families and children. Further, there is almost no research addressing how a therapist’s own family of origin may impact his or her clinical judgment. This study examines how current and recent marriage and family therapy students think about including children in therapy. Seventy-three participants completed the Family Therapy Questionnaire as well as questions related to their family of origin. Participants’ responses were compared to prior studies on therapists’ attitudes and the inclusion of children. Regression analysis showed that students’ beliefs about including children in session were related to year in school as well as communication in one’s family of origin. Clinical decisions regarding family-focused vignettes were also impacted by family of origin characteristics. These results, as well as future directions for research and MFT education, will be discussed.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Sekolah Islam Terpadu di SMP IT Cordova Samarinda berkaitan dengan: (1) mengungkapkan konteks pelaksanaan SMPIT Cordova, (2) mengungkapkan input pelaksanaan SMPIT Cordova, mengungkapkan konteks pelaksanaan SMPIT Cordova, (3) mengungkapkan proses pelaksanaan SMPIT Cordova, dan (4) prodiuk pelaksanaan SMPIT Cordova, serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya. Pendekatan penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif-evaluatif yang menggunakan model evaluasi “context, input, process, and product” (CIPP). Sumber data terdiri dari siswa, orangtua siswa, guru dan yayasan/penyelenggara. Data diambil melalui temuramah mendalam, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi, dianalisis secara deskriptifkualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sisi evaluasi konteks ditemui peran yayasan sudah berjalan lancar, namun aspek peran masyarakat terutama orang tua siswa masih memerlukan peningkatan komunikasi dari dari pihak sekolah dan peran orangtua siswa dilibatkan dalam penyelenggaraan Sekolah Islam Terpadu. Berkaitan dengan evaluasi input pada rektutmen siswa baru, orangtua siswa menyampaikan persyaratan utama agar memperhatikan kematangan usia anak dan penerimaan guru sesuai dengan disiplin ilmu dan profesinya. Untuk evaluasi proses pelaksanaan, didapati kemiripan pandangan pihak yayasan, guru, dan siswa menyatakan peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam penggunaan strategi pembelajaran dan mereka terus dibina melalui pelatihan peningkatan kompetensipedagogik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan dari semua informan menyatakan kepuasan mereka dalam segi prestasi akademik siswa sebagai dampak dari proses pelaksanaan SMPIT yang menunjukkan bahwa kelulusan siswa mencapai 100% dalam ujian nasional dan kemampuan menghafal Al Qur’an dengan baik. This study is an evaluation study with a qualitative approach. The model used in this study is the CIPP (context, input, process, and product). The data is retrieved through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The information is obtained from students, parents, teachers, and foundations/organizers. The data analysis technique used is analysis of the qualitative evaluation. The results of this study demonstrate the evaluation context. The four informants said that the role of the foundation is already running. In the aspect of the role of the community, students expressed the need for improved communication between the schools with the surrounding community. Regarding to the role of parents, the parents expressed the need to increase the role of parents in the implementation of the Integrated Islamic School in Cordova SMPIT Samarinda. For the evaluation of inputs, the acceptance of the input of students and parents of students convey that primaryrequirement is the age of maturity. In addition, parents said that, for the input of teachers, school authorities need to consider the qualifications of the teaching field. For input on funds, students said that they are less familiar with the problem of funding. For the evaluation process, the ability of teachers to explain the lessonwell enough. Similarity of views on this subject is submitted by the foundation, teachers, and students. While the views of teachers and parents about the clarity of teaching methods, informants expressed the need for improved quality through teacher training. The last four informants expressed their satisfaction about theimprovement of academic achievement in the implementation of the Integrated Islamic School in Cordova SMPIT Samarinda. In the evaluation of a product, the graduate students pass 100%. In the ability to read the Qur’an, graduate students of SMPIT Cordova Samarinda are able to read and memorize the Qur’an properly.The students were able to complete at least 1 juz of the Qur’an and hit the target 2 juz of the Qur’an. The constraints in the implementation of the Integrated Islamic School in Cordova SMPIT are the conditions, the teachers are relatively new and still young, and the funding and land are cramped.

Couple interactions have long been conceptualized in terms of pursue and withdraw. Emotionally focused therapy is an approach that is largely based on this conceptualization of couple interaction. ...

Introduction New prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer have the potential to overcome the clinical challenge of therapy decision and overtreatment. Present diagnostic and prognostic tests are still limited in specificity resulting in a large number of false positives and unnecessary biopsies. Furthermore, they do not enable a proper stratification between men with a high risk for an aggressive disease course requiring comprehensive therapy scheme after surgery and men with a low risk of disease recurrence cured after prostatectomy or eligible for active surveillance. In particular, patients with Gleason score 6 and 7 tumours (low and mid stage) are difficult to stratify for the appropriate therapy or for active surveillance as conservative management approach. Material and methods Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential of novel or known prognostic biomarkers in high-risk and low-risk prostate cancer tissues, and adjacent normal tissues by RNA sequencing and qPCR techniques. We also investigated tumour heterogeneity by including different foci from primary prostate cancer. A set of prognostic biomarker candidates was identified upon RNA sequencing of radical prostatectomy tumours of patients (n=25) with or without biochemical relapse (>5 year follow-up), as well as adjacent benign tissues. The candidate genes were retrospectively validated by qPCR method in the same and in an independent patient cohort (n=59). Expression variance of genes was investigated in different tumour foci of four primary tumours. Results and discussions Overall, 16 prognostic biomarker candidates were selected from RNA sequencing data analysis according to differential expression between high-risk cancer, low-risk cancer and benign tissues. In total 10/16 candidates were technically sound upon qPCR of in the same cohort. We could clearly show that qPCR is a very robust and sensitive method to verify RNA sequencing data. Additionally, known tumour markers like AMACR and ERG showed expected signatures associated with the clinical phenotype and FISH-based gene fusion status. Data from different tumour loci indicated high expression variances across tumour sections. Independent validation of candidate genes could not confirm significant differential expression between the patient risk groups. Conclusion Tumour heterogeneity might impede the detection and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in primary prostate cancer tissues.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide disease characterized by impairments of immune function. AIDS can be associated with oxidative stress (OS) that can be linked to selenium (Se) deficiency. Se is fundamental for the synthesis of selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. These enzymes catalyze the decomposition of reactive oxygen species and contribute to maintain equilibrium in cell redox status. Literature data indicate that organoselenium compounds, such as ebselen and diphenyl diselenide, have antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo models associated with OS. Nevertheless, selenocompounds can also react and oxidize thiols groups, inducing toxicity in mammals. Here, we tested the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of six analogs of the prototypal anti-HIV drug azidothymidine (AZT) containing Se (5′-Se-(phenyl)zidovudine; 5′-Se-(1,3,5-trimethylphenyl)zidovudine; 5′-Se-(1-naphtyl)zidovudine; 5′-Se-(4-chlorophenyl)zidovudine) (C4); 5′-Se-(4-methylphenyl)zidovudine (C5); and 5′-(4-methylbenzoselenoate)zidovudine). C5 increased the rate of dithiothreitol oxidation (thiol oxidase activity) and C2-C4 and C6 (at 100 µM) increased DNA damage index (DI) in human leukocytes. Moreover, C5 (200 µM) decreased human leukocyte viability to about 50%. Taken together, these results indicated the low in vitro toxicity in human leukocytes of some Se-containing analogs of AZT.

The characteristics, limits and adequate applications of position sensitive detectors for thermal neutrons are described.

Habitat fragmentation is generally considered to have detrimental effects on insect movement and associated pollen flow between plant populations. Against this background the role of forests as potential barriers for foraging bumblebees of the species Bombus terrestris agg. and Bombus pascuorum was studied in different experiments. Bombus terrestris agg. workers were found foraging at distances of up to 2.2 km from their nests. B. terrestris agg. as well as B. pascuorum individuals crossed 600 m of forestland between floral mass resources (Phacelia tanacetifolia, Helianthus annuus), although in general a high degree of site fidelity was observed. B. pascuorum workers accepted artificial floral resources within the forest, whereas the minor use of resources below forest canopy observed for B. terrestris agg. possibly indicates a preference for direct forage flights, probably leading above the forest canopy. Our results warn against experiments with genetically modified crop species with potential bumblebee pollination (e.g. Brassica napus), in which an isolating effect of forests is assumed.

D. Ọ. Fagunwa’s literary works intertextually relate to diverse discourses and textualities, including both oral and written, Yoruba and Western, contemporary and more ancient ones. Employing aspects and elements of these discourses and textualities in the service of his Christian-shaped worldview and creatively transforming them in the process, Fagunwa aimed to provide answers to what he conceived as urgent social questions of the day. As a case in point, this article offers a close analysis of his reconfiguration of the Yoruba tale of the encounter and marriage of a hunter and an antelope woman in his earliest two novels. It explores the ways in which Fagunwa correlates this tale and, most specifically, the figure of the antelope woman with other discourses, textualities, and tropes so as to address the issue of finding a suitable marriage partner and to negotiate his ideal of female agency in a rapidly changing contemporary society.

Review of the edited volume: Jennifer Browdy de Hernandez, Pauline Dongala, Omotayo Jolaosho and Anne Serafin (eds.), African Women Writing Resistance: An Anthology of Contemporary Voices , Oxford: Pambazuka Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-299-23664-9, 376 pp.

Successful Works Programme Management (WPM) improves return on investment. Achieving successful works programme management is a challenge. It requires the right understanding of how to achieve the desired business outcomes. One size does not fit all, but instead the programme must be tailored to fit each specific time and place. The purpose of this chapter is to show how WEL Networks Ltd (WEL), as an electricity distribution utility, successfully implemented its WPM. WPM follows the model of; plan, do, act and check. This chapter covers the effective development of a 10 year asset management plan, and the selection of the best delivery model for effective and efficient delivery of the approved works programme. The chapter critically analyses work management models. In particular it identifies the benefits claimed for a WPM and some of the reported difficulties with implementation. It then considers the historical situation within WEL and shows how some of the reported problems were to be found within the WEL’s history. It details the steps that WEL has taken in developing and implementing the WPM. It discusses the objectives and critical success factors in the implementation of WPM. The mechanisms for determining the effectiveness of the WPM implementation are described. The chapter concludes with lessons learned of how the WPM has been successfully applied to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the development and delivery of the annual works programme in relation to the approved 10 year Asset Management Plan.

Gas detectors with an electrode-structure in the micrometer range, mostly produced by the lithographic technique, are called “Micro Pattern Detectors”. In the very recent past, a great variety of these detector types have been developed. A survey of their structures and some characteristics will be presented. A more detailed description is given in several other contributions of this conference

Microstrip Gas Counters (MSGCs) were introduced at the ILL as a response to the problem of fabricating the large area neutron detector of the D20 neutron powder diffractometer. This banana-like detector consists of 48 MSGCs, each comprising 32 counting cells. It was in operation during 18 months before being stopped due to the progressive deterioration of the anode strips. In order to increase its lifetime, significant modifications were introduced in the recently assembled new version. Another instrument, D4C, was recently equipped with a modular detector made of nine MSGCs, each of them in an individual gas vessel. Besides the unidimensional individual readout MSGC of D20 and D4C, the ILL has developed bidimensional MSGCs with a charge division readout. All these detectors employ sealed vessels containing a gas mixture at a pressure which can be as high as 15 bar, necessitating very clean conditions. This paper describes the experience acquired at the ILL in the fabrication and operation of these detectors.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide and methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In this multicentre, double-blind trial, 999 subjects with active RA were randomized to leflunomide (n = 501; loading dose 100 mg/day for 3 days, maintenance dose 20 mg/day) or methotrexate (n = 498; 10-15 mg/week) for 52 weeks. After 1 yr the subjects could choose to stay for a second year of double-blind treatment. The primary end-points were tender and swollen joint counts and overall physician and patient assessments. Analyses were of the intent-to-treat group. Results After 1 yr, the mean changes in the leflunomide and methotrexate groups, respectively, were -8.3 and -9.7 for tender joint count; -6.8 and -9.0 for swollen joint count; -0.9 and -1.2 for physician global assessment; -0.9 and -1.2 for patient global assessment; -14.4 and -28.2 for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Improvements seen with methotrexate were significantly greater than those with leflunomide. No further improvement occurred after the second year of treatment and the distinction between the two treatments in terms of tender joint count and patient global assessment was lost. During the first year of treatment, a small and equivalent degree of radiographically assessed disease progression was seen with both drugs. After 2 yr, disease progression was significantly less with methotrexate. The most common treatment-related adverse events in both groups were diarrhoea, nausea, alopecia, rash, headache, and elevated plasma liver enzyme levels. Over 2 yr, 21 subjects receiving methotrexate were withdrawn due to elevated plasma liver enzymes vs eight subjects taking leflunomide. Two drug-related deaths from pulmonary causes were recorded with methotrexate vs no drug-related deaths among the subjects receiving leflunomide. Conclusions Both leflunomide and methotrexate are efficacious for prolonged treatment of RA. At the doses used, some clinical benefit of methotrexate over leflunomide was observed in the first year of treatment. This benefit must be weighed against the potential toxicity of this drug when used without folate supplementation.

Summary Background Phase II trials of leflunomide, an inhibitor of de-novo pyrimidine synthesis, have shown efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. This double-blind randomised trial compared leflunomide with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis. Methods 358 patients were randomly assigned leflunomide (100 mg daily on days 1–3, then 20 mg daily), placebo, or sulphasalazine (0·5 g daily, titrated progressively to 2·0 g daily at week 4). The primary endpoints were tender and swollen joint counts and investigator's and patient's overall assessments. Analyses were by intention to treat. Findings The mean changes in the leflunomide, placebo, and sulphasalazine groups were -9·7, -4·3, and -8·1 for tender joint count; -7·2, -3·4, and -6·2 for swollen joint count; -1·1, -0·3, and -1·0 for physician's overall assessment; and -1·1, -0·4, and -1·1 for patient's overall assessment. Leflunomide and sulphasalazine were significantly superior to placebo (p=0·0001 for joint counts; p Interpretation Leflunomide was more effective than placebo in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and showed similar efficacy to sulphasalazine. Leflunomide was well tolerated. This drug may be a useful option as a diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug.