635 results on '"Ocean science"'
Search Results
52. Monitoring a short-lived earthquake swarm during April–May 2020 in Haenam, Korea, and its preliminary results
- Author
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Ji-In Chung, Wooseok Seo, Han-Joon Kim, Kwang-Hee Kim, Jongwon Han, Deokhee Won, and Wonyoung Kim
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Magnitude distribution ,Focal mechanism ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Detection threshold ,Ocean science ,Swarm behaviour ,Induced seismicity ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Earthquake swarm ,01 natural sciences ,Seismic array ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
On 3 May 2020, an ML 3.1 earthquake occurred in Haenam, southwestern Korea, in an area devoid of recorded seismicity since instrumental observations began in 1978. Careful examination of the temporal occurrence of seismicity, and the magnitude distribution of the sequence before and after the ML 3.1 earthquake, indicates typical swarm-like behavior. The earthquake swarm started with an ML 0.6 event on 26 April 2020, intensified up to 3 May 2020, and abruptly terminated with an ML 1.0 event on 9 May 2020. The Pusan National University Geophysics Laboratory (PNUGL) deployed a temporary seismic array with eight three-component short-period instruments to monitor the short-lived bursts of seismicity. During the monitoring campaign, we detected > 700 microearthquakes by applying a matched-filter technique to the combined dataset produced by PNUGL, the Korea Meteorological Administration, and the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology. We determined earthquake parameters for 299 earthquakes that were detected at four or more seismic stations. We also determined the focal mechanism solutions of the 10 largest earthquakes in the swarm using first-motion polarities with S/P ratios. The focal mechanism, hypocentral depth, and stress orientation of the largest earthquake in the sequence were also determined using waveform inversions. The distribution of earthquake hypocenters, together with focal mechanism solutions, indicates that the earthquake swarm activated deeply-buried faults (~20 km) oriented either NNE-SSW or WNW-ESE. We also report details of the temporary seismic monitoring network, including the instrumentation, detection of microearthquakes, and variations in event-detection threshold influenced by anthropogenic and natural noise fluctuations. We also discuss the limitations associated with lowering the detection threshold of microearthquakes by increasing the number of seismic stations or by adopting advanced event-detection techniques.
- Published
- 2020
53. Exploring and mapping plankton genomics data with Blue-Cloud
- Author
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Debeljak, Pavla, Schickele, Alexandre, Ayata, Sakina-Dorothée, Bittner, Lucie, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, and Drago, Federico
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Marine research ,Ocean Science ,Open Science ,fungi ,Marine Biology ,Genomics ,Plankton - Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have revealed that marine plankton is far more diverse than previously thought (Carradec et al. 2018, Salazar et al. 2019, Duarte et al. 2020), with hundreds of thousands of genetically distinct taxa and more than 116 million genes documented for eukaryotic plankton and 47 million genes for prokaryotes. However, the taxonomy and/or function of more than half of the planktonic ‘omic’ sequences is still unknown. These unprecedented amounts of data on planktonic communities call for innovative, data-driven approaches to quantify and observe their biogeographic importance (Faure et al. 2021). Marine plankton play a fundamental role in the global biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs. They are also a sentinel of environmental changes. Gathering more information about their genomics can help us better describe plankton distributions at global scale and further understand their response to environmental changes. The Blue-Cloud demonstrator Plankton Genomics responds to this challenge by mining the rich metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data collected during the Tara Oceans mission and combining it with in situ or climatological environmental information to infer the function, taxonomy and distribution of the large portion of unknown sequences. In this article, we are going to explore the main results of the demonstrator and its intended evolution. The demonstrator is led by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and created by the Faculty of Sciences at Sorbonne University. Test the Virtual Lab
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- 2022
- Full Text
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54. MODIS Aqua Optical Throughput Degradation Impact on Relative Spectral Response and Calibration of Ocean Color Products.
- Author
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Lee, Shihyan and Meister, Gerhard
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MODIS (Spectroradiometer) , *SPECTRAL sensitivity , *OCEAN color measurement , *CALIBRATION , *OPTICAL sensors , *MARINE science research - Abstract
Since Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aqua’s launch in 2002, the radiometric system gains of the reflective solar bands have been degrading, indicating changes in the system’s optical throughput. To estimate the optical throughput degradation, the electronic gain changes were estimated and removed from the measured system gain. The derived optical throughput degradation shows a rate that is much faster in the shorter wavelengths than the longer wavelengths. The wavelength-dependent optical throughput degradation modulated the relative spectral response (RSR) of the bands. In addition, the optical degradation is also scan angle-dependent due to large changes in response versus the scan angle over time. We estimated the modulated RSR as a function of time and scan angles and its impacts on sensor radiometric calibration for the ocean science. Our results show that the calibration bias could be up to 1.8% for band 8 (412 nm) due to its larger out-of-band response. For the other ocean bands, the calibration biases are much smaller with magnitudes at least one order smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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55. Ocean image data augmentation in the USV virtual training scene
- Author
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Wei Wang, Shaorong Xie, Xiangfeng Luo, and Yang Li
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business.industry ,Computer science ,usv obstacle avoidance ,Ocean science ,Big data ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,virtual ocean scenes ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Computer Science Applications ,Image (mathematics) ,lcsh:Geology ,intelligent control training ,lcsh:G ,Computer graphics (images) ,Virtual training ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,business ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,data augmentation - Abstract
The rapid development of intelligent navigation drives the rapid accumulation of ocean data, and the ocean science has entered the era of big data. However, the complexity and variability of the ocean environments make some data unavailable. It makes ocean target detection and the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) intelligent control process in ocean scenarios face various challenges, such as the lack of training data and training environment. Traditional ocean image data collection method used to capture images of complex ocean environments is costly, and it leads to a serious shortage of ocean scene image data. In addition, the construction of an autonomous learning environment is crucial but time-consuming. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a data collection method using virtual ocean scenes and the USV intelligent training process. Based on virtual ocean scenes, we obtain rare images of ocean scenes under complex weather conditions and implement the USV intelligent control training process. Experimental results show that the accuracy of ocean target detection and the success rate of obstacle avoidance of the USV are improved based on the virtual ocean scenes.
- Published
- 2020
56. Early Twentieth-Century Ocean Science Diplomacy
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Sam Robinson
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Oceanography ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Political science ,Ocean science ,North sea - Abstract
This paper is a response to a 2018 call for greater understanding of how previous examples of marine science diplomacy could help shape present day efforts to draft a new law of the sea that protects marine biodiversity and conserves the marine environment. It tackles this through analysis of the various twists, turns, and challenges of early science diplomacy efforts in marine science during the early twentieth century. It looks in turn at questions of defining and agreeing on research objectives, how backchannel science diplomacy can become official government diplomacy, and finally, how careful science diplomacy brought Germany back to the international research arena so as to successfully put in place marine conservation measures during the 1920s. In doing this, it argues that the foundation of the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas in 1902 represented a revolutionary moment where supra-national scientific research, coordination, and conservation politics for the ocean first emerged; with International Council for the Exploration of the Sea becoming a key model for all subsequent marine science diplomacy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Science Diplomacy, edited by Giulia Rispoli and Simone Turchetti.
- Published
- 2020
57. Ecological costs of climate change on marine predator–prey population distributions by 2050
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Alexander Sadykov, Dinara Sadykova, Michela De Dominicis, Sarah Wakelin, Judith Wolf, and Beth E. Scott
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0106 biological sciences ,Climate change ,Library science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Predation ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Besag ,predator–prey ,law ,Population Distributions ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Sociology ,marine mammals ,QH540-549.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,fish ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,Ocean science ,critical marine habitat ,integrated nested Laplace approximation ,15. Life on land ,spatial joint modeling ,Engineering and Physical Sciences ,York and Mollie (BYM) models ,13. Climate action ,Research council ,Nature Conservation ,CLARITY ,seabirds - Abstract
Identifying and quantifying the effects of climate change that alter the habitat overlap of marine predators and their prey population distributions is of great importance for the sustainable management of populations. This study uses Bayesian joint models with integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) to predict future spatial density distributions in the form of common spatial trends of predator–prey overlap in 2050 under the “business‐as‐usual, worst‐case” climate change scenario. This was done for combinations of six mobile marine predator species (gray seal, harbor seal, harbor porpoise, common guillemot, black‐legged kittiwake, and northern gannet) and two of their common prey species (herring and sandeels). A range of five explanatory variables that cover both physical and biological aspects of critical marine habitat were used as follows: bottom temperature, stratification, depth‐averaged speed, net primary production, and maximum subsurface chlorophyll. Four different methods were explored to quantify relative ecological cost/benefits of climate change to the common spatial trends of predator–prey density distributions. All but one future joint model showed significant decreases in overall spatial percentage change. The most dramatic loss in predator–prey population overlap was shown by harbor seals with large declines in the common spatial trend for both prey species. On the positive side, both gannets and guillemots are projected to have localized regions with increased overlap with sandeels. Most joint predator–prey models showed large changes in centroid location, however the direction of change in centroids was not simply northwards, but mostly ranged from northwest to northeast. This approach can be very useful in informing the design of spatial management policies under climate change by using the potential differences in ecological costs to weigh up the trade‐offs in decisions involving issues of large‐scale spatial use of our oceans, such as marine protected areas, commercial fishing, and large‐scale marine renewable developments., This study tests a range of analytical techniques to quantify ecological costs of climate change on habitat availability of predator–prey or competing mobile species. The study demonstrates how to detect environmentally sensitive habitat areas and is highly useful for habitat management policies under climate change.
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- 2020
58. Ocean Decade & Ocean Conference. Item 5 of the Provisional Agenda: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Thirteenth Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Board, 6 May 2022 (P.M.) and 7 May 2022 (A.M.) Tunis, Tunisia
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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
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Ocean Science ,STAB ,SDG indicator 14 ,United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development ,Underwater Cultural Heritage ,Sustainable Development ,Underwater archeology - Abstract
The present document contains information on activities of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Body and the Secretariat on the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) & the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon. 1. The United Nations have proclaimed the Decade to support efforts to gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure that ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for the sustainable development of the Ocean. 2. The Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) elaborated a Strategic Framework (see also full text in annex) on engaging in the UN Decade and presented it to the 8th Meeting of States Parties in 2021. The Meeting, in Resolution 4/8 MSP, welcomed the STAB’s Strategic Framework and reiterated the need to ensure full authorization of the concerned States and respect of confidentiality for unprotected sites in all mapping processes foreseen in it. The Meeting also called on Member States to support actions in the framework of the UN Decade of Ocean Science focusing on underwater and coastal cultural heritage financially. 3. In this regard, in February 2022, a letter was sent by the Secretariat to the States Parties to raise funding for the implementation of the Strategic Framework. Pending the necessary additional contributions, the STAB is invited to determine the priorities among the actions proposed in the Strategic Framework to launch its implementation. OPENASFA INPUT Item 5 - 'Ocean Decade & Ocean Conference' of the Provisional Agenda of the 16th Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage held in Tunis, Tunisia on 6 and 7 May 2022. Published Non Refereed
- Published
- 2022
59. Data services in ocean science with a focus on the biology
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Gwenaelle Moncoiffe, Patricia Miloslavich, D. De Pooter, Joana Beja, John Nicholls, Nina Wambiji, Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Abigail Benson, Leen Vandepitte, Anton Van de Putte, and D Lear
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Focus (computing) ,Ocean science ,Data as a service ,Data science - Published
- 2022
60. Ocean Decade Progress Report 2021-2022
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Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
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Ocean Science ,S::Sustainable development [ASFA_2015] ,Ocean Decade - Abstract
Proclaimed in 2017 by the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development – the Ocean Decade – is a framework to identify, generate and use critical ocean knowledge that is needed to manage the ocean sustainably, and achieve global aspirations for climate, biodiversity, and human well-being. Through its vision of ‘The science we need for the ocean we want’, the Ocean Decade provides an inclusive, equitable and global framework for diverse actors to co-design and co-deliver transformative ocean science to meet ten Ocean Decade Challenges. Through a collaborative, solutions-oriented approach, the Ocean Decade will contribute essential knowledge to global, regional, and national policy frameworks, including the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.1 The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) leads the coordination of the Ocean Decade, in collaboration with numerous partners from the United Nations system, governments, philanthropy, industry, civil society and the scientific community. 2021 was the first year of implementation of the Ocean Decade – a watershed moment in ocean science globally – and the achievements since the launch have been significant. Although challenges remain, particularly in relation to investment in ocean science, a robust foundation is now in place for the next nine years of transformative ocean science. OpenASFA input Published Refereed
- Published
- 2022
61. How can ocean science observations contribute to humanity?
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William J. Emery and Giuseppe Manzella
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Engineering ,Work (electrical) ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Fitness for purpose ,Internship ,Data quality ,Ocean science ,Humanity ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Engineering ethics ,business ,Complex problems - Abstract
Experience is needed to prepare young ocean researchers to work in interdisciplinary environments and to teach them how to deal with complex processes. Such experience can be provided in courses/internships aimed at preparing qualified personnel to work on solution-oriented projects. These lessons are designed to deepen understanding in particular elements of ocean data science education: oceanography as a science in evolution, mutual understanding, the enrichment of data, and the process of moving from data to information. Such lessons combine the history of ocean science with ocean data methodologies and technologies, data quality elements, “fitness for use”/“fitness for purpose” and analyses. The approach consists of a significant mentoring program aimed at strengthening “thinking skills”—critical and creative thinking—and therefore the ability to solve complex problems.
- Published
- 2022
62. Molecular Phylogenetics: New Perspective on the Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity of Marine Organisms
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Long, Edward F. and Cooksey, Keith E., editor
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- 1998
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63. Ocean Cultural Heritage and Ocean Literacy Programs in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development(2021-2030)
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Youn-Ho Lee
- Subjects
Cultural heritage ,Sustainable development ,Political science ,Ocean science ,Literacy Programs ,Environmental planning - Published
- 2019
64. Assessment of Tidal Stream Energy Resources Using a Numerical Model in Southwestern Sea of Korea
- Author
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Jun-Seok Park, Dong-Hui Ko, Chol-Young Lee, Jung-Lyul Lee, Hyun-Woo Choi, and Jinsoon Park
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0106 biological sciences ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Finite volume method ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ocean science ,Estuary ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Tidal current ,Physics::Geophysics ,Environmental science ,Bathymetry ,Tidal stream energy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this study, tidal stream energy resources of the Southwestern Sea of Korea were assessed using a numerical model, Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID). This numerical model is based on the finite volume method, which allows numerical experiments on estuaries, coasts, and oceans. For the numerical experiment, we used grid data of at least 90 m resolution by applying bathymetry data created by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) and FES2012 data as a tidal boundary condition. Strong tidal currents occur in the Southwestern Sea of Korea due to the characteristics of the tidal systems of the West Sea and the South Sea, and the topographical characteristics of a Ria coast. These characteristics were appropriately reproduced by the numerical experiment. Accordingly, the average and maximum tidal currents calculated by the numerical model were used in the assessment. Two regions, Jangjuk and Maenggol-Geocha, were selected as the candidate areas for tidal stream energy development. In addition, the amounts of tidal stream energy resources were evaluated using geographical information system-based spatial analysis by applying the tidal current, depth data, and area of each region. The resource amounts were estimated to be 4,841 MW, with 5,743 tidal stream energy converters (TECs) for Jangjuk, and 3,497 MW, with 3,676 TECs for Maenggol-Geocha.
- Published
- 2019
65. Compact models for adaptive sampling in marine robotics
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Kanna Rajan, Trygve Olav Fossum, John P. Ryan, Jo Eidsvik, Tapan Mukerji, Thom Maughan, and Martin Ludvigsen
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Adaptive sampling ,Data collection ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ocean modeling ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Ocean science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Sampling (statistics) ,Robotics ,02 engineering and technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Artificial Intelligence ,Modeling and Simulation ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,computer ,Software ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Finding high-value locations for in situ data collection is of substantial importance in ocean science, where diverse bio-physical processes interact to create dynamically evolving phenomena. These cover a variable spatial extent, and are sparse and difficult to predict. Autonomous robotic platforms can sustain themselves in harsh conditions with persistent presence, but require deployment at the correct place and time. To that end, we consider the use of remote sensing data for building compact models that can improve skill in predicting sub-mesoscale features and inform onboard sampling. The model enables prediction of regional patterns based on sparse in situ data, a capability that is essential in regions where use of satellite remote sensing in real time is often limited by cloud cover. Our model is based on classification of sea-surface temperature (SST) images, but the technique is general across any remotely sensed parameter. Images having similar magnitude and spatial patterns are grouped into a compact set of conditional means representing the dominant states. The classification is unsupervised and uses a combination of dictionary learning and hierarchical clustering. The method is demonstrated using SST images from Monterey Bay, California. The consistency of the classification result is verified and compared with oceanographic forcing using historical wind measurements. The established model is then shown to work in a real application using measurements from an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), together with forecast and sampling strategies. Finally an analysis of the model prediction error is presented and compared across different paths and survey duration. © 2019. This is the authors' accepted and refereed manuscript to the article. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0278364919884141
- Published
- 2019
66. Federating knowledge on stocks and fisheries in Blue-Cloud with the GRSF
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Marketakis, Yannis, Ellenbroek, Anton, Gentile, Aureliano, and Drago, Federico
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EOSC ,Ocean Science ,Open Science ,Fisheries - Abstract
The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems. It supports human life, provides food, and sustains countless ecosystem services. As highlighted by thesixth principle of Ocean Literacy, our existence is inextricably interconnected with the ocean, and fisheries are a prime example of this relationship. Providing millions of jobs and sustenance to communities worldwide, fisheries have been identified as a core element for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 2,"Zero Hunger". FAO is the official custodian of and SDG14 -"Life below water"to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Progress towards each target is being measured with one indicator each, andD4Scienceis the platform for FAO training on SDG14.4.1 - Fish stocks sustainability: “Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels”. In addition to the training activity, in the Blue Cloud fisheries demonstrator, other activities are ongoing to support the sustainable use of our marine living resources. Collecting and disseminating quality data in this sector is fundamental to enable researchers and professionals to perform research across disciplines and countries, combining for example biodiversity and fisheries monitoring data. The Blue-Cloud demonstratorFish, a matter of scales, is delivering a scalable and robust open data portal for fisheries data in EU waters and beyond, with a focus on a Fisheries Atlas and a Global Record of Stocks and Fisheries (GRSF). This demonstrator is developed by theInstitute of Computer Science at FORTH, the Information and knowledge management Team (NFISI) of theFisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and theFrench National Research Institute for Sustainable Development IRD. In this article we will focus on the Global Record of Stocks and Fisheries (GRSF). Test the Virtual Lab
- Published
- 2021
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67. Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for a Predicted Ocean, a satellite event for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development - Predicted Ocean Laboratory
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P. Martin, Meghan F. Cronin, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Faith February, Viviane Menezes, Ute Schuster, Warren R. Joubert, Sebastiaan Swart, Oscar Alves, Brian K. Arbic, Jamie D. Shutler, Phil Browne, Anna-Lena Deppenmeier, Mark A. Bourassa, Verena Hormann, Precious N. Mongwe, Christa Marandino, Maggie Chory, Alison R. Gray, Chelle L. Gentemann, Daneisha Blair, Carol Anne Clayson, Riu Sun, R Venkatesen, Sheri Schwartz, Jack Reeves, Seth Zippel, Jaime B. Palter, and Marcel du Plessis
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Sustainable development ,Climatology ,Event (relativity) ,Ocean science ,Environmental science ,Satellite - Published
- 2021
68. Structural Analysis of Major trends in the Epistemological and Institutional History of Ocean Science
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Varga, Judit and de Rijcke, Sarah
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science and technology studies ,field delineation ,ocean science ,network visualisations ,scientometrics - Abstract
At the start of the United Nations’ Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), this working paper explores key epistemological and institutional trends in global and European ocean science. Noting differences in how both scholars from diverse disciplines and policy makers define the boundaries of and within ocean science and the FluidKnowledge project’s focus on diverse ocean science areas, we analyse two inclusive field delineations of ocean science, and we do so in three ways. First, we study key topics and their temporal and geographic variability using term co-occurrence networks. Second, we study changes in key journals using bar charts. Third, we study key institutions and their research foci using bar charts, co-authorship networks and term co-occurrence networks. We hope this report can facilitate ongoing discussions about the present and future of ocean science. To this end, we include links to online, interactive network visualisations readers can explore.
- Published
- 2021
69. Monitoring aquaculture activities through high-resolution satellite images
- Author
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Augot, J��r��my, Fatras, Christophe, Lavergne, Emeric, Long��p��, Nicolas, Valdaine, R., Ellenbroek, Anton, and Drago, Federico
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EOSC ,Ocean Science ,Open Science ,Aquaculture - Abstract
The ocean is tightly connected to our well-being, providing a wealth of resources fundamental to human sustenance and global food security, as also affirmed in thesixth principle of Ocean Literacy. Aquaculture offers precious opportunities for us to reduce hunger and improve nutrition while also generating economic growth and tackling poverty. The global relevance of aquaculture was especially highlighted in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly inSDG 2 - Zero HungerandSDG 14 - Life Below Water. More than 500 aquatic species are currently farmed all over the world, representing a wide range of biodiversity, and aquaculture is practiced by local coastal communities as well as large companies. Based on the data from the past three decades, it is likely that the future growth of the fisheries sector will mainly come from aquaculture. Comprehending and collecting quality data in this sector, enabling researchers and professionals to perform research across disciplines and countries, is crucial to enable stakeholders in policy making and the blue economy to take evidence-based decisions on the sustainable management of such a precious resource. The Blue-Cloud demonstratorAquaculture Monitoris delivering a tool to produce national aquaculture sector overviews, whereby a country can make use of OGC-compliant data services to monitor its aquaculture sector, built on interoperable services where teams can compute and publish reproducible experiments. This demonstrator is jointly developed by the Information and knowledge management Team (NFISI) of theFisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the French provider of environmental monitoring solutionsCollecte Localisation Satellites(CLS). A specific Virtual Lab was developed in the Blue-Cloud Virtual Research Environment powered by D4Science, and presented with a public webinarin September 2020describing its scope, key features and the potential benefits for the aquaculture sector in Europe and beyond. Test the Virtual Lab
- Published
- 2021
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70. Coastal management – working towards the UN’s Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030)
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Janine B. Adams and Susan Taljaard
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H1-99 ,Sustainable development ,Science (General) ,Science ,Ocean science ,UN Decade ,Social Sciences ,coastal management ,scientific support ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Social sciences (General) ,South Africa ,Q1-390 ,Political science ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,ocean ocean science for sustainable development ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Coastal management ,Environmental planning - Abstract
The UN declared 2021-2030 as the Decade of Ocean Science and identified research and technology priority areas to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. We reviewed the current status of scientific support for coastal management in South Africa within the context of these priorities and found promising development. However, challenges for the next decade remain, such as rolling out pilot projects into sustainable, national-scale programmes, facilitating greater collaboration and coordination among scientific role players, and achieving long-term commitment and political will for dedicated financial support. Through our lens as natural scientists we focused on the ecological system and coupling with the social system; however scientific support on better characterisation and understanding of the dynamics within the social system is also critical as sustainable development relies heavily on the willingness of the social system to embrace and execute related policies.Significance: The UN Decade of Ocean Science (2021–2030) sets research and technology priority areas to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. We found promising development in scientific support for coastal management in South Africa. Future challenges include greater collaboration and coordination among scientific role players and long-term commitment and political will for dedicated financial support.
- Published
- 2021
71. A Década da Ciência Oceânica como Oportunidade de Justiça Azul no Sul Global
- Author
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Barros Platiau, Ana Flávia, Gonçalves, Leandra Regina, and Oliveira, Carina Costa
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Ocean Science ,Mulheres ,Justiça Azul ,Women ,Ciência Oceânica ,Blue Justice - Abstract
The activities of women are usually underestimated in areas traditionally dominated by men. Thus, the ocean is not different. Ocean has been seen as a male environment, especially in navigation, fisheries and hard sciences. Because the acceleration of the blue economy brings socio ecological risks to humanity, notably to people in the so-called Global South, and particularly to women, we advocate for transformative change. How the UN Decade for Ocean Science may contribute to transform barriers to gender equity in opportunities to promote blue justice? Our main goal is to show that the Ocean Decade may play a role in fostering a more sustainable blue economy, in accordance with the UN 2030 Agenda, because it focuses on “the science we need for the ocean we want”, therefore encouraging participative and interdisciplinary research. Moreover, scientific research offers space for women to harness their preferences and priorities. In this perspective article, we employ an interdisciplinary approach to draw insights over the transformation pathway to blue justice. As atividades das mulheres são geralmente subestimadas em áreas tradicionalmente dominadas por homens, e no oceano não é diferente. O oceano tem sido visto como um ambiente masculino, principalmente na navegação, na pesca e nas ciências exatas. Como a aceleração da economia azul engendra riscos socioeconômicos para a humanidade, notadamente para as pessoas no Sul Global, e mais especificamente para as mulheres, defendemos as mudanças transformadoras debatidas no âmbito multilateral. Neste cenário, como a Década da ONU para a Ciência Oceânica pode contribuir para transformar barreiras à igualdade de gênero em oportunidades para a justiça azul? Nosso principal objetivo é destacar que a Década é baseada na ciência e no conhecimento, e pode ter papel central na promoção de uma economia azul mais sustentável, nos moldes da Agenda 2030. Por focar na “ciência que precisamos para o oceano que queremos”, ela incentiva a pesquisa participativa e interdisciplinar. Neste artigo de perspectiva, a abordagem é interdisciplinar para fomentar reflexão sobre o caminho para a justiça azul.
- Published
- 2021
72. Transforming Undergraduate Research Opportunities Using Telepresence.
- Author
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Pallant, Amy, McIntyre, Cynthia, and Stephens, A. Lynn
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TELEPRESENCE ,MARINE science education - Abstract
The National Science Foundation funded the Transforming Remotely Conducted Research through Ethnography, Education, and Rapidly Evolving Technologies (TREET) project to explore ways to utilize advances in technology and thus to provide opportunities for scientists and undergraduate students to engage in deep sea research. The educational goals were to engage students in research in which they develop a hypothesis and research plan, experience a distant environment, collect data remotely, and interact with the scientific community. Eight undergraduate students from three universities participated, working closely with a professor at their institution with additional mentoring by other scientists. This paper describes the educational portion of TREET, students' experiences conducting ocean science research using telepresence, and lessons learned about the promise and challenges of using telepresence to engage undergraduate students in research. The TREET project consisted of three phases: Phase I, a seminar and the development of a research plan; Phase II, a telepresence-enabled cruise; and Phase III, a postcruise seminar and data analysis. An evaluation of the program shows that students conducted their own research and experienced real-world scientific challenges associated with working at ocean depths from shore. While the experience was valuable for students, there were several lessons learned that have implications for future implementations of telepresence-enabled programs, including the importance of scheduling research experiences for undergraduate students, providing support for data analysis, building community, and developing clear communication strategies from the remote site. The TREET project represents a promising step in imagining the future in which telepresence can open more opportunities for undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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73. Matthew Fontaine Maury: Pathfinder.
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Smith, Jason W.
- Abstract
Historians have long recognized Matthew Fontaine Maury as an important if controversial figure in the histories of science and of maritime and naval affairs. These assessments, however, rest on scholarship that is by now more than a half-century old. It is therefore appropriate to look at Maury’s significance from fresh perspectives, incorporating recent historiographical trends in the history of science and cartography, environmental history, cultural history and military history. This article focuses on the ways in which Maury’s cartographic work reframed mariners’ understanding of the marine environment away from what he perceived to be a watery wilderness towards an ordered environment safe and favourable to American commerce. Maury was long known as ‘The Pathfinder of the Seas’, but I argue that his significance, in fact, lies in the ways he and his staff at the Naval Observatory organized the sea as a ‘common highway’, tracing paths, but also imposing narratives and constructing new meanings. Maury’s tool was the nautical chart and, particularly, his Wind and Current Charts series that by the 1850s reimagined the ways mariners, navigators and naval officers understood and harnessed the ocean environment. The article briefly considers these charts from three perspectives – method, process and representation – in order to see the ways in which Maury was pushing the boundaries of the cartographic medium to usher in revolutionary ways of envisioning the ocean environment. By quantifying winds, symbolizing whales and infusing the sea with ship tracks, among other things, Maury was imposing potent, if sometimes flawed, new ways of understanding and imagining the sea that were central to American maritime expansion in the antebellum era. In this and other ways, we can see Maury anew, a figure central to the growth of American commercial empire and to new ways of understanding and thinking about the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Matthew Fontaine Maury: Scientist.
- Author
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Hardy, Penelope K.
- Abstract
While US naval officer Matthew Fontaine Maury is frequently celebrated by naval historians, historians of science have treated him more poorly. He is often portrayed as an uneducated amateur who jumped to conclusions about the oceans based on slim evidence and biblical reasoning, and who missed the opportunity provided by the founding of the US Naval Observatory to place American scientists on a competitive footing with their European counterparts. Consigning Maury to the category of disappointing amateur, however, misses the opportunities his case presents to better understand the historical milieu in which he worked, as well as his enduring contributions to the scientific exploration of the deep ocean. This article reconsiders Maury as scientist, siting the origins of his poor historical reputation in arguments over the professionalization of science and of the navy. His reputation also suffered after his departure from Washington, DC, for the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. The article examines his participation in a practice of science flavoured by its location in the nation’s capital, where science required as much attention to lobbying and leveraged connections as to the calibration of instruments. In this context, Maury was a serious scientist who embraced the task of doing science in the public interest, and he participated in an ongoing effort to further the USA’s ability to be competitive on the world stage, whether that stage was dressed for scientific achievement or commerce. Maury sought authority for his claims with a strong sense of the geopolitics of geophysics. Re-examining Maury as scientist provides a window onto a pattern of scientific practice in Washington, DC, in the middle of the 19th century whose echoes propagated through the rest of that century and into the 20th. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. Canada at a crossroad: The imperative for realigning ocean policy with ocean science.
- Author
-
Bailey, Megan, Favaro, Brett, Otto, Sarah P., Charles, Anthony, Devillers, Rodolphe, Metaxas, Anna, Tyedmers, Peter, Ban, Natalie C., Mason, Taylor, Hoover, Carie, Duck, Thomas J., Fanning, Lucia, Milley, Chris, Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M., Pauly, Daniel, Cheung, William W.L., Cullis-Suzuki, Sarika, Teh, Louise, and Sumaila, U. Rashid
- Subjects
MARINE sciences ,FISHERY management ,COASTS ,HABITATS ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Canada's ocean ecosystem health and functioning is critical to sustaining a strong maritime economy and resilient coastal communities. Yet despite the importance of Canada's oceans and coasts, federal ocean policy and management have diverged substantially from marine science in the past decade. In this paper, key areas where this is apparent are reviewed: failure to fully implement the Oceans Act , alterations to habitat protections historically afforded under Canada's Fisheries Act , and lack of federal leadership on marine species at risk. Additionally, the capacity of the federal government to conduct and communicate ocean science has been eroded of late, and this situation poses a significant threat to current and future oceans public policy. On the eve of a federal election, these disconcerting threats are described and a set of recommendations to address them is developed. These trends are analyzed and summarized so that Canadians understand ongoing changes to the health of Canada's oceans and the role that their elected officials can play in addressing or ignoring them. Additionally, we urge the incoming Canadian government, regardless of political persuasion, to consider the changes we have documented and commit to aligning federal ocean policy with ocean science to ensure the health of Canada's oceans and ocean dependent communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Developing zoo & phytoplankton EOV products in Blue-Cloud
- Author
-
Cabrera, Patricia, Pint, Steven, Schepers, Lennert, Everaert, Gert, Renosh, Pannimpullath Remanan, Barth, Alexander, and Drago, Federico
- Subjects
Ocean Science ,Open Science ,Blue Cloud Project ,Phytoplankton ,Data analysis ,Marine Biology ,Biodiversity ,Zooplankton - Abstract
As highlighted by Principle 5 ofOcean Literacy, the ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems, which make up the vast majority of all life on our planet and are crucial for biological cycles as well as for economies all around the world. Comprehending this wealth of biodiversity, collecting reliable marine biodiversity data, being able to perform high-quality research across disciplines and countries, are all critical steps towards a sustainable management of the precious resources that the ocean provides. Marine plankton are at the base of the marine food web and play an important role in the functioning of coastal and open ocean ecosystems. Understanding how plankton changes through time and space is of key importance to assess the state of the marine plankton ecosystems and their response to climate change. The Blue-Cloud demonstratorZoo- and Phytoplankton EOV Productsis creating phyto- and zooplankton biomass and diversity products, working on data from leading European marine data infrastructures such as EMODnet, SeaDataNet, and Copernicus. In this article, we are going to explore the main results of the demonstrator, and its intended evolution. The Zoo and Phytoplankton EOV Products demonstrator is developed by theFlanders Marine Institute(VLIZ), in collaboration with theFaculty of Science and Engineering at Sorbonne UniversityandGeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research (GHER)at the University of Liège. A dedicated Virtual Lab was developed in the Blue-Cloud Virtual Research Environment powered by D4Science, and introduced through a public webinar inFebruary 2021describing its scope, key features and the potential benefits for the ocean science community. Test the Virtual Lab
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. About right: references in Open Access EGU journals
- Author
-
Andrea Pozzer
- Subjects
Disk formatting ,History ,Ocean science ,Library science ,Model development ,Biogeosciences - Abstract
We investigated the number of references per page for different European Geophysical Union journals, which share the same text formatting. Although the journals formally all focus on geoscience, different disciplines are accommodated, from ocean science and biogeosciences to the technical description of numerical model development. Here, we show that across such different disciplines, the number of references per page is remarkably constant, revealing that there is a consensus regarding optimum reference density in the community. Further, this value has remained constant in the last decade, despite the consistent increase in the number of pages and in the number of references in almost all journals investigated. Independently of the quality of the references used in a article, we show that for the EGU journals the average number of references per page is 3.82 (1.87–6.18 at 90 % confidence level).
- Published
- 2021
78. Energy Storage Versus Demand Side Management for Peak-Demand Reduction at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park
- Author
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Benjamin L. Schenkman, Laurence Sombardier, Yogesh Manoharan, Keith Olson, and Alexander J. Headley
- Subjects
Reduction (complexity) ,Demand side ,Peak demand ,Technology park ,Ocean science ,Environmental engineering ,Environmental science ,Energy storage - Abstract
There is a growing interest in utilizing energy storage for behind-the-meter customers. Energy storage systems have many functions for behind-the-meter use such as energy time shifting, peak demand shaving, and backup power. However, demand side management of energy consuming systems can also provide similar energy shifting functionality often with a significantly lower upfront cost. Though energy storage systems and demand side management can both be applied, each option has strengths and weaknesses that can make the optimal selection of measures difficult in many cases. In this study, the tradeoff between energy storage and demand side management is investigated at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology (HOST) park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The major energy consumption at the HOST park is for pumping the seawater that serves many functions at the park, including supplying temperature-controlled water for various agriculture applications and even building air conditioning measure. NELHA’s facilities are broken into two major load centers that are connected by the piping network, though they are electrically isolated and subject to different electricity price tariffs. This scenario is modeled to optimize the dispatch of the pump stations and potential battery systems to minimize the cost of electricity for both load centers. This scenario is a good example of the interplay between demand side management and energy-storage-based cost reduction measures.
- Published
- 2021
79. Applying machine learning methods to ocean patterns and ocean regimes indicators
- Author
-
Bachelot, Lo��c, Balem, Kevin, Drago, Federico, Drudi, Massimiliano, and Garcia Juan, Andrea
- Subjects
Ocean Science ,Open Science ,Environmental Science ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The global challenges that humankind is called to face highlight the need for establishing innovative algorithms and technologies to enable the transition from data to knowledge, and foster the consolidation of a science-informed decision-making process. For a successful implementation of this value chain, the development of science-based algorithms clearly represents a crucial phase. We will analyse the latest updates on the application of machine learning methods to ocean patterns and the ocean regimes indicators in the context of Blue-Cloud. The Blue-Cloud demonstrator“Marine Environmental Indicators”has a specific focus on data related to the marine environment. Its development is led by theCMCC Foundation, in collaboration withIFREMER,Mercator Ocean International, theRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute(KNMI), and theUniversity of Bergen. Its dedicated Virtual Lab was created in the Blue-Cloud Virtual Research Environment powered by D4Science, and introduced in a public webinar inDecember 2020outlining its scope, key features and the potential benefits for the ocean science community. Test the Virtual Lab
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Editorial: Emerging Technologies With High Impact for Ocean Sciences, Ecosystem Management, and Environmental Conservation
- Author
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Leonard J Pace and Oscar Pizarro
- Subjects
ecosystem management ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ocean observations ,business.industry ,Emerging technologies ,Science ,Environmental resource management ,Ocean science ,ocean observation ,conservation ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,Ocean Engineering ,ocean science ,Aquatic Science ,QH1-199.5 ,Oceanography ,technology ,Ecosystem management ,Environmental science ,business ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2021
81. Neptune’s Laboratory: Fantasy, fear and science at sea
- Author
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Michael Roberts
- Subjects
History ,Neptune ,Ocean science ,Fantasy ,Oceanography ,Visual arts - Abstract
In five comprehensively researched chapters, Neptune’s Laboratory manages to provide a detailed account on the development of ocean science as a unique and highly complex discipline, coupled with a...
- Published
- 2020
82. The Power of New Online Opportunities to Connect to the Ocean: The Journey of a Research Student and Mentor
- Author
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Laura Guertin and Isabella Briseño
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Public relations ,Literacy ,Power (social and political) ,Political science ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Project management ,business ,Student research ,media_common - Abstract
This commentary shares a unique collaborative experience between a student and faculty mentor, made possible by the shift from in-person to virtual conferences during summer 2020. Although the two never met face-to-face, online technologies made it possible to facilitate the mentoring, project development, and dissemination of ArcGIS StoryMaps themed on ocean literacy, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The StoryMap collection is available at: https://bit.ly/thepowerofconnections .
- Published
- 2020
83. Cognitive ocean of things: a comprehensive review and future trends
- Author
-
Seiichi Serikawa, Shinya Takahashi, and Yujie Li
- Subjects
Technological revolution ,Emergency management ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,020302 automobile design & engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Data science ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Resource (project management) ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Environmental monitoring ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Underwater ,business ,Wireless sensor network ,Seabed ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Information Systems - Abstract
The scientific and technological revolution in Internet of Things is set off in oceanography. Humans have always observed the ocean outside the ocean to study the ocean. In recent years, it changes have been made into the interior of the ocean and the laboratories have been built on the sea floor. Approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. Ocean of things is expected to be important for disaster prevention, ocean resource exploration, and underwater environmental monitoring. Different from traditional wireless sensor networks, ocean of things has its own unique features, such as low reliability and narrow bandwidth. These features may be great challenges for ocean of things. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and ocean of things has become a topic of increasing interests for oceanology research fields. Cognitive ocean of things (COT) will become the mainstream of future ocean science and engineering development. In this paper, we provide the definition of COT, and the main contributions of this paper are (1) we review the ocean observing networks all the world; (2) we propose the COT architecture and describe the details of it; (3) important and useful applications are discussed; (4) we point out the future trends of COT researches.
- Published
- 2019
84. Experience Is Better than Knowledge: Premodern Ocean Science and the Blue Humanities
- Author
-
Steve Mentz
- Subjects
Philosophy ,Health (social science) ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Ocean science ,Visual arts - Published
- 2019
85. TOWARDS THE DECADE OF OCEAN SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2021—2030)
- Author
-
V.I. Sychev and V.E. Ryabinin
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,business ,Environmental planning - Published
- 2019
86. Effectiveness of gender policies in achieving gender equality in ocean science programmes in public universities in Kenya.
- Author
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Ojwala, Renis Auma, Kitada, Momoko, Neat, Francis, and Buckingham, Susan
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,PUBLIC universities & colleges ,EMPLOYEE seniority ,GENDER ,HIGHER education research ,MARINE sciences ,STUDENT mobility - Abstract
The recently proclaimed Ocean Decade by the United Nations General Assembly is committed to gender equality and women's empowerment in ocean science research and governance. This paper examines the status of gender equality in ocean science research across higher education institutes in Kenya. Kenya has ratified international conventions for gender equality and developed national and institutional gender equality and sexual harassment policies as its commitment to promoting equitable access to education. However, it is poorly understood whether the implementation of these policies has been successful at the institutional level. This study explores the effectiveness of the institutional gender policies in public universities delivering ocean science-related degrees. Existing policies were analysed using the Gender Integration Continuum and gender ratios of enrolled students and recruited staff in ocean science-related fields investigated. The study identified that while some policy provisions included gender-transformative strategies to increase women in science-related courses, many were outdated. Gender-disaggregated data showed fewer female students and female staff in management positions compared to men. Additionally, the proportion of women in academic posts declined with the seniority of employment level, and women were more likely than men to occupy non-tenured positions. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of gender policies does not necessarily translate to gender balance across the universities. We offer some explanations as to why this should be and where to direct future research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Features of locally and remotely generated surface gravity waves in the inner-shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal
- Author
-
V. Sanil Kumar, M. Anjali Nair, V. S. N. Murty, and M. M. Amrutha
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010505 oceanography ,Ocean science ,Surface gravity ,01 natural sciences ,Swell ,Oceanography ,Surface wave ,Climatology ,BENGAL ,Bay ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2018
88. Ocean science in action: communicating cutting edge advances in marine research and technology via Massive Online Open Courses
- Author
-
Zoe Jacobs, Daniel Gill, Lucy Cox, and Ekaterina Popova
- Subjects
Engineering ,Marine research ,Action (philosophy) ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ,business ,Data science - Abstract
MOOCs or Massive Open Online Courses are picking up momentum in popularity. Unlike regular courses, MOOCs can attract many thousands of enrollees around the world and engage broader audiences outside of academia, such as governent officials and NGOs. With scientific communication and policy engagement practices shifting online due to the current pandemic, MOOCs can be seen as a digital tool that acts as a confluence for education, public engagement and capacity development. In this presentation we will introduce you to a MOOC “Ocean Sceince in Action: Addressing marine ecosystems and food security”, which attracted ~1800 participants from over 100 countries for its first run in October 2020 with these numbers continuing to increase for subsequent runs (the next started on 18th January). The MOOC aims to introduce the participants to innovative marine technologies and their applications used to tackle the challenges of the sustainable management of marine ecosystems with specific lectures focussed on food security, impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and fisheries, the sustainable development goals and the Ocean Decade 2030.Marine autonomous systems are becoming ever more reliable and easy to use for environmental observations – at a fraction of the cost of a research ship. Earth observation satellites monitor the oceans daily, collecting a wide range of marine data, most of which are freely available from global archives. Ocean models of increasingly high resolution make it possible to explore regional ecosystem dynamics and gain insights into reasons for variability and change. Engaging participants globally into the cutting edge research and the use of marine data requires novel approaches to engagement, communication and teaching. Using elements of MOOC created by SOLSTICE (Sustainable Oceans, Livelihoods and food Security Through Increased Capacity in Ecosystem research in the Western Indian Ocean) program, this presentation will explore how research projects can create inspiring and informative digital content to communicate their findings to achieve a long lasting legacy of their results and better inform managers and politicians responsible for decision making.
- Published
- 2021
89. Global Ocean Science Report 2020
- Author
-
Scientific
- Subjects
business.industry ,Political science ,Sustainability ,Ocean science ,Humanity ,Environmental resource management ,Key issues ,business - Abstract
The world ocean is a life-supporting system for humanity, yet it remains largely unknown. Based on data collected from around the world, the Global Ocean Science Report 2020 offers a global record of how, where and by whom ocean science is conducted. It monitors our capacity to understand the ocean and seize new opportunities. More generally, the Report underlines the essential role of ocean research and international cooperation for all key issues of the 21st century.
- Published
- 2021
90. Ocean science for sustainable development
- Author
-
Itahisa Déniz-González, Karina von Schuckmann, Susan Roberts, Kirsten Isensee, Jacqueline Uku, Salvatore Arico, and Elva Escobar Briones
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Environmental resource management ,business - Published
- 2021
91. Analysis of ocean science production and impact
- Author
-
Henrik Enevoldsen, Ana Lara-Lopez, Luis Valdes, and Roberto de Pinho
- Subjects
Oceanography ,Ocean science ,Production (economics) ,Environmental science - Published
- 2021
92. Short-term statistics of waves measured off Ratnagiri, eastern Arabian Sea.
- Author
-
Amrutha, M.M. and Kumar, V. Sanil
- Subjects
- *
RAYLEIGH model , *BIVARIATE analysis , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The short-term wave characteristics are required for design and operation of industrial facilities within the coastal areas. Water surface displacement measured using waverider buoy moored at 13 m water depth in the eastern Arabian Sea off the west coast of India have been analyzed to study the short-term statistics of waves covering full one year period. The study indicates that the values of the observed maximum wave height as a function of duration are not consistent with the theoretical expected value. There is significant variation (1.29–2.19) in the ratio between highest 1% wave and significant wave height compared to the theoretical value of 1.67. The data recorded at 13 m water depth indicates that the significant wave height is ∼8% lower than that predicted by the conventional Rayleigh distribution. The theoretical bivariate log-normal distribution represents the joint distributions of wave heights and periods for the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Understanding our seas: National Institute of Oceanography, Goa.
- Author
-
Naqvi, S. W. A.
- Subjects
- *
OCEANOGRAPHIC research , *RESEARCH institutes , *BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles , *MARINE geophysics , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *OCEAN-atmosphere interaction - Abstract
The present article summarizes the research done at the CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography in 2014 in ocean science, resources and technology. Significant research has been conducted on air-sea interactions and coastal circulation, biogeochemistry, biology, marine geophysics, palaeoceanography, marine fishery, gas hydrates and wave energy. Technological advances covered topics like oceanographic tools. Major strides have been made in marine resources research and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
94. Scientific challenges and present capabilities in underwater robotic vehicle design and navigation for oceanographic exploration under-ice
- Author
-
Barker, Laughlin D. L., Jakuba, Michael V., Bowen, Andrew D., German, Christopher R., Maksym, Ted, Mayer, Larry A., Boetius, Antje, Dutrieux, Pierre, Whitcomb, Louis L., Barker, Laughlin D. L., Jakuba, Michael V., Bowen, Andrew D., German, Christopher R., Maksym, Ted, Mayer, Larry A., Boetius, Antje, Dutrieux, Pierre, and Whitcomb, Louis L.
- Abstract
© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Barker, L. D. L., Jakuba, M., V., Bowen, A. D., German, C. R., Maksym, T., Mayer, L., Boetius, A., Dutrieux, P., & Whitcomb, L. L. Scientific challenges and present capabilities in underwater robotic vehicle design and navigation for oceanographic exploration under-ice. Remote Sensing, 12(16), (2020): 2588, doi:10.3390/rs12162588., This paper reviews the scientific motivation and challenges, development, and use of underwater robotic vehicles designed for use in ice-covered waters, with special attention paid to the navigation systems employed for under-ice deployments. Scientific needs for routine access under fixed and moving ice by underwater robotic vehicles are reviewed in the contexts of geology and geophysics, biology, sea ice and climate, ice shelves, and seafloor mapping. The challenges of under-ice vehicle design and navigation are summarized. The paper reviews all known under-ice robotic vehicles and their associated navigation systems, categorizing them by vehicle type (tethered, untethered, hybrid, and glider) and by the type of ice they were designed for (fixed glacial or sea ice and moving sea ice)., Barker and Whitcomb gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Award 1319667 and 1909182, and support of the first author under a Graduate Fellowship from the Johns Hopkins Department of Mechanical Engineering. Jakuba, Bowen, and German gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Planetary Science and Technology through Analog Research (PSTAR) award NNX16AL04G. Maksym was supported by National Science Foundation Award CMMI-1839063. Dutrieux was supported by his Center for Climate and Life Fellowship from the Earth Institute of Columbia University. Boetius acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Association for the FRAM infrastructure, and from her ERC Adv. Grant ABYSS (294757). Mayer’s work is supported by NOAA Grant NA15NOS4000200.
- Published
- 2020
95. Computational approaches for sub-meter ocean color remote sensing
- Author
-
Ryan Edward. O'Shea
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Ocean color remote sensing ,Metre ,Joint (building) ,business ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Thesis: Ph. D. in Mechanical and Oceanographic Engineering, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February, 2021
- Published
- 2021
96. Optical Identification of Phytoplankton Groups in the Chesapeake Bay: Toward Application of a Hyperspectral Algorithm to Aid Resource Managers
- Author
-
Stephanie Schollaert Uz and S. Morgaine McKibben
- Subjects
Oceanography ,Resource (biology) ,Chesapeake bay ,Ocean color ,Phytoplankton ,Ocean science ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Environmental science ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,Optical identification ,Satellite - Abstract
Multi- to hyperspectral evolution of satellite ocean color sensors is advancing space- based coastal ocean science and applications. An approach for optically partitioning phytoplankton (microalgae) communities into component groups is being developed for the Chesapeake Bay.
- Published
- 2021
97. Welcome to the New Journal: Marine Resource and Ocean Science
- Author
-
Yi-Jun Shen
- Subjects
Geography ,Resource (biology) ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Environmental resource management ,business - Published
- 2021
98. Selective world-building: Collaboration and regional specificities in the marine biodiversity field
- Author
-
Alice B.M. Vadrot and Petro Tolochko
- Subjects
Topic model ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental resource management ,Environmental research ,15. Life on land ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,050905 science studies ,Field (geography) ,Marine biodiversity ,Politics ,Geography ,Scientific collaboration ,Bibliometric analysis ,13. Climate action ,Ocean science ,14. Life underwater ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences ,Temporal scales ,business ,Scientific study ,Scientific disciplines - Abstract
Over the past two decades, the scientific study of marine biodiversity developed into one of the most dynamic research fields within environmental research in general and ocean science in particular. Marine biodiversity research spans a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, scientific disciplines, and infrastructures for assessing patterns of change in marine biodiversity with different topics and regions contributing to the abstract construction of the field. Yet, beneath the surface of these abstract constructions and attributions such as “big science” to assess the international, interdisciplinary and data-driven nature marine biodiversity research, patterns of scientific collaboration emerge that shape the contributions of different world regions to the field. Furthermore, legal, political and territorial orders shape scientific collaboration by determining access to the marine environment and the study thereof. To understand these dynamics, this study analyses scientific publications on marine biodiversity using topic modeling methodology. Our approach provides the opportunity not only to describe large clusters within the field of marine biodiversity, but also to show how these topical clusters differ in time and across regions. By looking at the temporal and regional level, we wish to contribute to a deeper understanding of collaboration and regional specificity in the emergence of new research fields and – what we call – “selective world-building” across time and space.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Conclusions: Connecting Sustainable Development Goals to the Maritime Domain
- Author
-
Angela Carpenter, Jon A. Skinner, and Tafsir Johansson
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Current time ,Gender equality ,Corporate governance ,Political science ,Sustainability ,Ocean science ,Climate change ,Environmental planning ,Domain (software engineering) - Abstract
Given the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, which is to run from 2021 to 2030 (UN Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization, undated), together with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Agenda for 2030, many chapters of this volume highlight the pressing issues concerning sustainability in maritime niche areas with a sharp focus on ways forward aligned with the concept of good ocean governance. This concluding chapter provides a holistic overview of pertinent overarching interlinkages that bind the different SDG, by identifying areas where the targets contained within those SDG can be directly, or partially, related to various aspects of the maritime domain—shipping, ports, fisheries, climate change, renewable energy, for example. It also highlights the diverse and varied nature of the chapters contained in this volume, covering areas where sustainability strategies are needed not only at the current time, but also extending beyond 2030.
- Published
- 2021
100. Technical advancements to improve ocean understanding
- Author
-
Wendy Watson-Wright and Paul V. R. Snelgrove
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Sociology of scientific knowledge ,Ocean observations ,Blue economy ,business.industry ,Data management ,Ocean science ,Sustainable planning ,Business ,Environmental planning ,Capacity enhancement - Abstract
The ocean provides crucial resources for humanity and enables human existence, but its size and opaqueness limit our capacity for observation and understanding. A recent shift in focus toward developing economic opportunities associated with the ocean, referred to as the “blue economy,” demands environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable planning based on sound scientific knowledge generated from relevant and reliable data. Generating such data requires expanded ocean observations and data management in forms useful to diverse stakeholders, from other scientists to managers to policymakers and society at large. We review past and present biological, physical, and chemical ocean observing technologies, describing some major advances in recent decades and identifying technological gaps and opportunities to improve ocean observation and capacity enhancement. Finally, we discuss what a well-sensed ocean might require to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
- Published
- 2021
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