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Background: Knowledge about blood group and blood group related complications among female is important for wellbeing society and health family. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of female university students regarding blood group. Methods: This was a ten-month descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among female University students of district Peshawar from the duration of September 2018 to July 2019. A total 222 female University students were randomly selected for this study. After taking written consent from the head of concern institution and responders a predesigned questionnaire containing information regarding knowledge about blood group, blood group related complication and blood group card availability were filled. Blood grouping of each participant was done through slide prick method. Data was gathered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results: Among 222 female University students blood group card was available among 77 % female students. The results showed that majority blood group of the study population was B+ (30.6%) followed by O+ (30.2%) and A+ (28.4%). It was found that 78 (35.1%), 24 (10.8%), 131 (59.0%) and 146 (65.8%) female University students know about their blood group, Rh related complications, universal recipient blood group and universal donor blood group respectively. The study provided that 11 (5%) female University students provided wrong information about their blood group, self-report and performed blood group were not matched. Conclusion: Study provided a very low level of knowledge about blood group, and blood group related complication among female university students.

Urban regeneration is viewed as a far-reaching field in urban planning. Urban regeneration contributes not just to set up new urban structures in urban communities, yet in moulding the urban communities as well. The long-term vision of urban regeneration projects along with transit corridors is to promote sustainable patterns of urban growth by ensuring all urban design features and creating higher densities along transit and non-motorized transit use. This research aims to assess the potential of urban regeneration along the route of Orange Line Metro Train. The primary data was gathered using in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires. All the 26 stations of Orange Line Metro train were divided into three equal stratums. Furthermore, the middle order station had been selected from all the three stratums and for each selected station a buffer was drawn of half of a kilometer radius and selected as a sample of the study area. Respondents were asked about their opinion regarding the significance level of the different urban design features of a sustainable urban regeneration project. The Cronbach’s alpha of the data collection instrument was calculated as 0.71, which is higher than the acceptable reliability coefficient. The validity test was completed by Principal component analysis. Varimax rotation was used for the rotation of components. KMO adequacy test was 0.707, which must be more than 0.5 to retain the variables, and the variables with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure less than 0.5 must be excluded from the study. Bartlett’ Test was significant at p

CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry The Aga Khan University CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry The Aga Khan University CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry King Khaled Hospital Hail King Khaled Hospital Hail Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences Health Promotion Bureau, Minstry of Health, Sri Lanka Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust English Division of Medical University of Łódź Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth Royal Hampshire County Hospital Winchester Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore Abstract Background Incidence of stroke is persistently increasing followed by effective medical treatment resulting in high number of stroke survivors. Post stroke recovery is critical necessitating sufficient knowledge, effective prevention and control of chronic diseases, pre-existing complications, and potential risk factors. Objective This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential risks and prognostic factors that can negatively influence post stroke rehabilitation in order to prevent, readily diagnose, and promptly manage the most common manifestations of stroke. Study Design Cross-sectional observational study conducted at Stroke Rehabilitation Center, Lahore, Pakistan with the sample size of 120 patients, selected by using convenient sampling. Results One hundred and twenty stroke survivors admitted in neurorehabilitation center (Age Mean±SD 56.9±12.2) were classified into 4 groups based on Modified Rankin scale: Mild (17.5%), Moderate (26.6%), Moderate to severe (39.1%), and severe impairment (16.6%). The major modifiable post stroke complications included depression (91%) and anxiety (84%). Acute infections (RTI n=69, 58%, UTI n=78, 65%) and poorly managed chronic disorders such as DM (n=59, 49.1%, 95% CI 0.5-2.5), HTN (n=34, 28%, 95% CI 1.7-2.5), and Kidney failure (n=12, 10%, 95% CI 0.4-3.5) were strongly associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion Incidence of stroke was found to be more common in adults (Age: Range=44-69 years, Mean=56.9) with no gender predominance. Most common post stroke complications were depression and anxiety, significantly influencing the recovery process. The severity of the post stroke neurological deficit was positively associated with the frequency of complications and poor neurorehabilitation. Knowledge of post stroke recovery process and effects of various factors on it is essential for the implication of effective clinical and rehabilitation interventions to minimize morbidity and subsequent post stroke disability. Keywords: brain injury. stroke recovery, neurorehabilitation, disability, stroke management

Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials leading to the exponential increase in antimicrobial resistance has been a matter of global concern for the last several years. The antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) aims to optimize the antimicrobial prescribing via multidisciplinary institutional approach to improve patient’s prognosis, reduce the chances of antimicrobial resistance, and reduce hospital’s financial burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to apply the principles of antimicrobial stewardship and then analyze the response of two groups of meningitic patients to the empirical treatment and CSF culture & sensitivity specific treatment, respectively. Study Design:This case control study is based on 100 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis of pediatric age group with over the period of one year at General medicine ward, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad. Results: There was male predominance with M:F ratio of 1.4:1. Most of the patients (n=55) were ≤ 1 year of age. The main causative agents were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. A considerable number of patients were resistant to 3rdgeneration antibiotics including ceftriaxone R=77% (G+) R=41% (G-) and ceftazidime R=59% (G+), R=26% (G-). In terms of duration of hospital and ICU stay and condition at the time of discharge, case group (n=50) showed better prognosis. Conclusion: Early ( Keywords: Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), bacterial meningitis, pediatric neurology, cerebrospinal fluid, drug resistance

Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials leading to the exponential increase in antimicrobial resistance has been a matter of global concern for the last several years. The antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) aims to optimize the antimicrobial prescribing via multidisciplinary institutional approach to improve patient’s prognosis, reduce the chances of antimicrobial resistance, and reduce hospital’s financial burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to apply the principles of antimicrobial stewardship and then analyze the response of two groups of meningitic patients to the empirical treatment and CSF culture & sensitivity specific treatment, respectively. Study Design: This case control study is based on 100 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis of pediatric age group with over the period of one year at General medicine ward, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad. Results: There was male predominance with M:F ratio of 1.4:1. Most of the patients (n=55) were ≤ 1 year of age. The main causative agents were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. A considerable number of patients were resistant to 3rd generation antibiotics including ceftriaxone R=77% (G+) R=41% (G-) and ceftazidime R=59% (G+), R=26% (G-). In terms of duration of hospital and ICU stay and condition at the time of discharge, case group (n=50) showed better prognosis. Conclusion : Early (Keywords: Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), bacterial meningitis, pediatric neurology, cerebrospinal fluid, drug resistance