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This study explored if, and how, cultural values affected the types of organizational goals pursued in work-related influence attempts, and which influence tactics were used to achieve these goals. A scenario-based field study of 223 part-time MBAs from three countries - the United States, Romania, and Japan - showed that similar organizational goals were sought in these countries in upward, lateral, and downward influence attempts. In general, respondents preferred using rational explanations, inspirational appeals, and consultation tactics, and disliked using pressure tactics. In simulated work situations, respondents' choices of influence tactics differed, depending on their cultural values. National culture had a significant influence on ingratiation, exchange, personal appeals, and coalition tactics. Within each culture, gender had a significant influence on ingratiation tactics, and the type of organizational goal pursued had a significant influence on rational explanation, inspirational appeals, consultation, and ingratiation tactics.

Entrepreneurship research has traditionally focused on far-from- equilibrium economic processes. Through doing so, significant insight have been made into the nature of innovative discovery and cre...

Survival under adversity is an ongoing, effortful accomplishment: entrepreneurs continuously counter-act the sudden and often significant vulnerability of their venture to external shocks and/or chronic crises. While quantitative studies paint a bleak picture by the numbers of the entrepreneurs who exit and fail, qualitative research recognizes that different types of adversity may either strain or strengthen the entrepreneurial-venture relationships. Using an inductive study of entrepreneurs traversing a 12-window year of unprecedented political turbulence, we develop a theoretical model of continuance under cumulative adversity that delineates how entrepreneur’s orientation towards the pain of others or their own relates to the survival paths they choose to follow to prolong the life- span of damaged and rapidly declining ventures. We contribute a processual understanding of survival and differentiate between paths of persistence, endurance and reflexive perseverance. By inducing the twin notions of pro...

The growing literature on fields and especially on field-configuring events have drawn attention to significant discontinuities in firm-level corporate social responsibility (CSR). It also revealed...

This study explores the influence of national culture upon leaders' interpretations of corporate environmentalism. The first part of the paper reviews the theoretical and empirical premises for a common interpretation of corporate environmentalism across countries. Three dimensions of corporate environmental performance are distilled from the qualitative literature developed in North America: organizational embeddedness, capacity to undertake environmental actions, and responsibility for protecting nature. We develop a survey instrument to measure corporate environmentalism and collect data from two random samples of Chinese (Shanghai-based) and Japanese executives. Exploratory factor analyses suggest that North American, Chinese, and Japanese executives employ three similar dimensions to interpret the corporate environmental performance of their companies. Using these dimensions, the second part of the study compares the overall degree of corporate environmental performance reported on the average by Chinese and Japanese executives. The study also investigates the influence of national culture, environmental values and socioeconomic contexts upon firm-level greening in both countries.

The 1990's "revolution of environmental concern" (Post & Altman, 1992) increased the priority of environmental issues on the business agenda. Robinson and Dechant (1999) propose that the attention ...

International audience; We use a multi-source, longitudinal case study of one of the world's first and best eco-fashion brands, Osklen, founded by Oskar Metsavaht in Brazil in 1989, to advance a multi-sensorial signalling theory account of sustainable luxury. Our inductive theory-building extends traditional signalling theory, especially its recent applications to sustainability, by adding an appreciation of multiple senses and leveraging multi-sensorial methodologies increasingly popular in the marketing and design disciplines. In contrast to the traditional literature on signalling from economics which suggests that signals are most influential when they are visible, clear and easy to interpret (thus carrying unambiguous messages from sender to receiver), we show that balancing luxury and sustainability requires and relies on multi-sensorial, complex, even contested signals. We catalogue, classify and compare the signals sent by Osklen within and across the 15 different collections Oskar Metsavaht designed between 2005 and 2013 to explain how signals are deliberately de- and re-composed to combine luxury and sustainability. Our findings encourage sustainability researchers to take senses seriously and offer practical how-to recommendations to luxury designers committed to making a difference.

Organizations, whether for-profit, nonprofit or governmental, value – and sometimes devalue – social benefit. Values, defined as “that which people hold dear, esteem or cherish,” (Harvie & Milburn, 2010, p. 632), also organize. Organizational practices (actions and relationships) are (re)framed and (re)structured around values. The ethical frameworks that emerge around our values (De Angelis, 2007, pp. 24–28) (re)create social memories that structure how we interact with one another. For example, we habituate to treating one another with (or without) compassion, with (or without) respect or with (or without) dignity (Harvie & Milburn, 2010, p. 633).

Purpose – This chapter introduces the contents of the volume and provides an editorial overview of the origins of the concept of the Third Sector, methodologies employed by contributors, how contributions address different organizational forms, issues of critique within the volume, and the benefits of the contributions for researchers and practitioners within the Third Sector, and within Critical Management Studies. Methodology/approach – Editorial overview and synthesis. Research implications – The contents of the volume significantly advance critical perspectives upon the Third Sector. Social implications – The contents of the volume enable improved critical reflection for those working within the Third Sector. Originality/value of chapter – This editorial introduction presents the first broad-ranging synthesis of (a) contemporary issues within the Third Sector, Social Economy and Civil Society and (b) Critical Management Studies.

This section offers a critical exploration of how third-sector institutions progressively fill the ‘missing middle’ between the state and the market. Each of the two chapters provides a rich, multi-level and longitudinal account of the practices by which third-sector institutions find their footing in a complex landscape of multiple and often contradictory stakeholder interests – while seeking an often tenuous and at best temporary balance between self-interest and the common good. This core tension, foundational to research and practice in the third sector, features centrally in both chapters but leads to radically different endings and complementary insights.

This chapter extends the literature on socially and ecologically minded entrepreneurship (Nicholls 2008, p. xix)—to ask how individuals can (re) imagine and realize more sustainable global ecosystems. Human action can create landscapes that are “at least as rich and as stable, occasionally as beautiful as those shaped by nature” (Lyle, 1999; Campbell, 2006). Taking responsibility for the environment begins with individual transformation and practices (Ruether, 1992). As individuals grow, experiment, and change (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Pardeck, 1988), they may influence their own ecosystem (Paolucci, Hall, & Axinn, 1977; Slocombe, 1993) and change how others perceive and interact within that ecosystem (Lustermann, 1985). Some individuals can develop intricate systems of practices to sustain their ecologically embedded livelihoods (Whiteman & Cooper, 2000), yet in our increasingly global ecosystems, ecological embeddedness risks becoming the exception rather than the rule. Irresponsible choices prevail; against their backdrop, responsible practices deserve further study.

This chapter presents a Dewey-inspired analysis of the role of dissent in the creative process. We extend and complement received knowledge on the role of positive affect on creativity by discussing the tensions between negative and positive affect. Using a netnography of three online communities, which bring together animators and visual special effect artists, we develop a grounded typology of creative conflict practices. By cross-referencing the creative status with creative objectives, we define four distinct types of creative conflict practices: invoke, evoke, poke, and provoke. Our qualitative findings further show how creatives adeptly manage tensions between positive and negative affects.

How do hybrid organizations that combine economics and ideology create meaning for their varied constituencies? And how is organizational meaningfulness associated with evaluation and valuation, by...

This paper examines the partnership between a non-profit community hospital and a for-profit technology start-up using a longitudinal case study and a mixed method emergent research design that includes comprehensive real-time accounts, observation, direct communication, retrospective reflection and prospection. Prior literature on cross-sector interactions argue that partners actively co-create value through a deliberate goal-setting and frame-alignment process. We look beyond value creation to understand whether and how partners strive and reach impact in cross-sector collaborations. Elaborating on the two modes of synthesis discussed in the transdisciplinarity literature, we distinguish theoretically between extractive integration (part-to-part combinations) and additive integration (whole-to-whole combinations). We then empirically reveal two reinforcing cycles, showing that extraction promotes value creation whereas additive integration stimulates impact making. To iterate between value creation and ...

In this paper, we study the effects of deinstitutionalization and examine how institutions at multiple levels interact with one another in influencing firm-level outcomes. Our empirical context is ...

Using 16 longitudinal case studies of organizations operating in Lebanon from 1922 to 2014, whose founders, CEOs and/or general managers and trusted third party experts described as "survivors", th...

For over 40 years, sustainability research has explored the incentives that encourage managers to operate within their social responsibilities. This study synthesizes property rights theo...

In an era of global competition, there is a growing interest within the strategy field to study how the institutional environments influence firm strategies and competitive advantage. In this paper...

In today's complex business world, firms increasingly collaborate with governments, NGOs, and universities to address institutional challenges and enhance market opportunities. Cross-sector allianc...