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An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implementation parameters is presented. The methods of primary screening that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from certain cancers, as well as the reasons for the lack of screening programs in relation to some of them, are listed. The existing screening programs and their main characteristics are considered, and examples of using economic analysis to change screening programs are given. It is noted that in countries even with a large coverage, for example, in the United States and Germany, there is no single national register of screening, and the invitation system does not have a population-based nature. Although the large coverage and development of health systems in these countries allows for the positive effects of opportunistic screening, its effectiveness is lower than in countries with organized programs, and the costs are higher.

The experimental results obtained in the study on the possibility of sensitizing titanium dioxide (polymorphic anatase phase) to the visible region of the spectrum by doping and co-doping with impurities of non-metals in order to create effective photocatalysts for the decomposition of organic compounds have been analyzed. The presence of impurity atoms appears to result in a change in the electronic structure of the titanium dioxide matrix, in the appearance of “impurity bands” and in the narrowing of the energy gap of titanium dioxide. Such a modification is accompanied by an extension of the spectral range of sensitivity of photoactive solids to the long-wavelength region of the spectrum and, therefore, can be used to improve the catalytic properties of these materials. Spectral manifestations of carbon impurities in titanium dioxide in the form of carbide and carbonate, as well as sulfur in the forms of sulfite, sulfide, and sulfate, have been studied by the density functional theory method. A Ti14H22O39 cluster model was chosen for the titanium dioxide matrix. The calculations were carried out in the framework of the cluster approximation, using functional B3LYP and basis set 6-31G (d, p). Comparison of the results of quantum chemical calculations with the available experimental data shows that the impurity sulfur and carbon atoms in titanium dioxide, which are in different coordination states and different oxidation states, appear in different spectral ranges. This circumstance makes it possible to elucidate the structure of the samples based on the experimental spectra. A change in the coordination and oxidation states of impurity atoms leads to spectral shifts and splitting of peaks, which can reach 1.5 eV (XPS). The presence of admixtures of non-metals leads to a change in color (deepening in the case of sulfide or carbide) of the samples, appearing in the corresponding UV spectra.

Мета роботи. Порівняльний аналіз текстів інструкцій до медичного застосування (ІМЗ) комбінованих валсартанвмісних препаратів (КВП) з погляду асиметрії інформації. Матеріали і методи. Матеріали дослідження: дані Державного реєстру лікарських засобів України станом на 01.09.2019 р., зокрема 7 інструкцій для медичного застосування торгових марок (ТМ) КВП у формі таблеток по 80 мг. Як методи дослідження були використані контент-аналіз, порівняльний, логічний, контекстуальний та квалітативний аналізи. Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що проаналізовані ТМ КВП відрізняються за складом допоміжних речовин. У текстах досліджуваних ІМЗ виявлено розбіжності щодо термінів придатності, показань і протипоказань до застосування, взаємодії з іншими лікарськими засобами, особливостей застосування у період вагітності, під час годування груддю та у дітей, а також побічних реакцій ТМ КВП. Результатом цих комунікативних розбіжностей може стати нераціональне призначення ТМ КВП хворим на артеріальну гіпертензію внаслідок неадекватного сприйняття тексту ІМЗ, що може привести до розвитку негативних реакцій. Висновки. На підставі порівняльної оцінки споживчих властивостей 7 ТМ КВП у формі таблеток по 80 мг виявлено асиметричність інформації щодо їхньої фармакологічної ідентичності унаслідок різночитань змісту тексту в більшості ІМЗ. Зазначене вказує на те, що лікарі з метою забезпечення достовірного і безпечного призначення ТМ КВП повинні зауважувати встановлені відмінності в їхніх споживчих властивостях та індивідуальному підході до призначення пацієнтам.

The proposed method of automatic configuration of the hybrid model of navigation of people and mobile robots inside the premises allows creating a unified semantic description of contextual information, parameters of navigation methods, as well as configuration rules and calibration of these methods using the navigation ontology and rules system.

Despite the fact that effects of thyroid hormones were noticed back in the 80s, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Current review summarizes years of investigations upon molecular targets for the action of thyroid hormones, leading to changes in the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart; changes in hemodynamics, affecting the functioning of the heart muscle, are also touched.

The paper presents results of a study on the relationship between psychological well-being of adolescents and features of their parents’ communication. The study involved 92 subjects: 46 adolescents aged 13—14 years, studying in one of the Moscow schools, and their mothers (46 females). The adolescents’ psychological well-being was measured with the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (scales VI, VII and VIII), the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and with the questionnaire by I.М. Markovskaya. Features of parental communication were assessed using the social skills questionnaire by V.F. Ryakhovskiy, the Self-Monitoring Scale by M. Snyder, and the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy by A. Mehrabian and N. Epstein. The study revealed a five-factor structure of psychological well-being of the adolescents and of their perception of childparent relations. It showed a correlation between the level of parental emotional response and the adolescents' assessments of consent in their relationships with the parents. The adolescents’ satisfaction with communication with peers was also related to their parents’ social skills. Low and pronounced communicative skills of the parents are associated with high and average levels of adolescent satisfaction with peer communication respectively; normal communicative skills in the parents is associated with low satisfaction in the adolescents. The paper concludes with a discussion on the application of the obtained results in psychological counseling and psychological education of parents.

Expression of prolactin axis genes (prolactin Prl1, prolactin-like hormone Prl2, prolactin receptor “a” PrlRa, and prolactin receptor “b” PrlRb) have been studied in the brains of females and males of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus upon adaptation to fresh water. The expression of the Prl1 gene in females was significantly higher after 24-h adaptation to the freshwater relative to the control group (seawater) and to that in males at the same time point. No changes in Prl2 gene expression in females and Prl1 in males were detected. In males, after 12 and 18 h of adaptation to fresh water, higher expression of the Prl2 gene was observed relative to the control group. The expression of the PrlRa gene in males in seawater is higher than that in females; upon adaptation to fresh water, it does not change in females, and it decreases in males gradually after 3 h of being transferred to fresh water. No differences in the expression of the PrlRb gene between females and males in seawater were detected; however, after 24 h of freshwater adaptation, this parameter was higher in females than in males. Changes in the expression of prolactin axis elements during freshwater adaptation are gender-dependent, and the contribution of prolactin and prolactin-like hormone to adaptation of females and males of the three-spined stickleback to fresh water is significantly different.

Описан опыт работы интернет-форума для индексаторов научных работ, на котором специалисты ВИНИТИ РАН дают консультации по правилам и приёмам тематического индексирования кодами Универсальной десятичной классификации. Проведён анализ запросов пользователей и получено их распределение по времени и тематическим рубрикам. Сделаны выводы о соотношении потребности в классифицировании различных отраслей знания и динамике его развития.

The spatial and electronic structures of cluster (Ti13ZrH22O39, Ti13ZrN2H22O37, Ti13ZrN2H22O36 ) which model pure titanium dioxide (anatase modification) and that with zirconium impurities as well as pure zirconium composition (ZrO2 content), are considered. The theoretically calculated infrared, electron and X-ray spectra of these clusters are analyzed. The spectra of small particles of zirconium are shown to be highly characteristic of the spectral transition energies and uniquely correspond to their spatial structures. It is shown that in the photoelectron spectra the energy level of Zr 3p is characteristic and its intensity in the RF spectra and position on the energy scale is slightly dependent on the chemical environment of the zirconium atom. The calculated oscillation frequency in the IR spectra of the considered clusters was determined to be “breathing” vibrations of Zr – O bonds (538 cm– 1) and stretching vibrations of Zr = O bonds (955 cm– 1). It is determined that the search for an approximate solution by imposing symmetry on a real object is appropriate, because the symmetry of the cluster corresponds to the real symmetry of the crystal. The results of the studies are compared with the properties of molecular models for the bulk and surface phases of titanium dioxide, calculated by the method of electron density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the results of spectral studies of the properties of samples of titanium dioxide can clearly indicate the presence of zirconium impurities in them, or their absence.

We analyzed the expression of molecular targets of natriuretic action of prolactin in different layers of the kidney in the rat model of cholestasis of pregnancy. Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 was most sensitive to the conditions of cholestasis and cholestasis of pregnancy: the expression NBCe1 mRNA and protein in the renal outer medulla decreased in comparison with the normal. All forms of cholestasis affected the mRNA expression of sodium-potassium chloride co-transporter NCC, α-subunit of the ENaCα epithelial sodium channel, and Nedd4-2 ubiquitin ligase in different layers of the kidney. The obtained data suggest that prolactin provides fine tuning of various sodium transporters in different parts of the nephron under pathological conditions.

The dynamics and structure of the occupational morbidity rate in main branches of the industry in the Eastern Siberia for the 2000-2015 (on the example of the Irkutsk region) is presented in this paper. During the observation period there were noted the significant gain in the number of cases of occupational diseases registered in such different branches of industry as Coal and Lignite Mining, ship and aircraft building, and in some other branches (metallurgical production, air transport, pulp production, electric power distribution industry). In the structure of the occupational morbidity leading positions are occupied by diseases associated with the exposure to physical factors, industrial aerosols, physical overload and overexertion of certain organs and systems. The main reasons and factors contributing to the gain of the occupational morbidity rate are the imperfection of technological processes, working places, personal protective equipment and/or their lack, constructive defects of machines and equipment, the violation of safety regulations, regimen of the work and rest, insufficiently high level of medical and preventive maintenance, delayed making of decisions for the rational employment to the workers with the revealed early forms of occupational diseases. There pointed out priority directions of the prevention the implementation of which will allow to decline the level of the occupational morbidity rate. The main directions are the implementation of economically caused mechanisms of the interest in the preservation of workers ’ health; implementation of the regional aimed programs; the introduction of new processes, equipment and mechanisms meeting modern hygienic requirements; the assessment of occupational risk with the creation and implementation of the system of monitoring for the dynamics of working conditions and the state of the workers ’ health for the making corrective management solutions on the optimization and elevation of the efficacy and relevance of developed and implemented preventive health measures.

The spatial structure and electronic structure of oxygen defect and nitrogen impurity centers of anatase and their manifestation in water adsorption, O1s XPS spectra were analyzed. The role of various forms of adsorbed water on anatase surface is considered. The results of experimental studies are compared with the properties of molecular models for the bulk and surface of titanium dioxide studied by the quantum chemical density functional theory method.

High-risk financial markets are considered in which transactions with financial instruments without reservation are conducted. The following risk-free trading strategies with a guaranteed profitability or loss are analyzed: scalping, spoofing, flipping, and scalping with hedging. A mathematical model is constructed for them. Examples of calculations performed by the obtained algorithms in the process of option trading are given.

Progesterone (P4) and its analogues regulate various reproductive processes, such as ovulation, implantation, pregnancy maintenance and delivery. In these processes, an important role is played by the immune cells recruited to the female reproductive organs and tissues, where they are exposed to the action of P4. Progestins regulate cellular processes, acting through nuclear steroid receptors (nSRs), membrane P4 receptors (mPRs), and through the sensors. It remains unclear, what type of receptors is used by P4 and its derivatives to exert their effect on the immune cells and how similar their effects are in different types of these cells. We have previously synthesized new progesterone derivatives, among which two selective mPRs ligands, not interacting with nSRs were identified. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of P4 and new selective mPRs ligands on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), THP-1 monocyte cells, and Jurkat T cells. It was demonstrated that the action of P4 and selective ligands was unidirectional, but in different types of the immune cells, their effects were different, and sometimes even opposite. In PBMCs, exposure to these steroids resulted in the increase of mRNA and secreted protein levels of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 cytokines, as well as in the increase of INFγ mRNA level, decrease of IL-2 mRNA level, increase of TGFβ mRNA level, and decrease of IL-4 mRNA and IL-10 secreted protein levels. In monocytes, similarly to PBMCs, expression of IL-1β and TNFα mRNA was increased, but expression of IL-10 was also increased, and the TGFβ expression statistically significantly remained the same. In Jurkat T cells, expression of IL-2 and TNFα mRNA decreased, while expression of IL-10 increased, and expression of TGFβ did not change. Thus, progestins act on the immune cells through mPRs and have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the phenotypes of these cells. The data obtained are important for understanding the complexity of the immune system regulation by progestins, which depends on the type of the immune cells and individual characteristics of the immune system.

The inhibition of the initiated oxidation of cumene by oxygen under homophase conditions, where acetonitrile or dimethylsulfoxide are used as the solvent, by ascorbic acid is studied. The kinetics of the oxidation process is investigated via a gas volumetric method at a constant temperature of 348 K and a partial pressure of oxygen of 760 mmHg. It is shown during the investigation of the process of radical-chain oxidation of model systems upon varying the concentration of the inhibitor that the replacement of the solvent noticeably affects the value of the induction period. No significant influence of the medium on the rate of the oxidation process after the induction period is found. Concentration dependences of the kinetic parameters of ascorbic acid-inhibited oxidation of cumene in different media are obtained.

The review describes functional and structural features of different isoforms of prolactin receptor, mechanisms of signaling pathway activation, and molecular messengers involved in the transmission and termination of signal from the prolactin receptor isoforms. Changes in the ratio between prolactin receptor isoforms, key mediators of prolactin signal transduction and termination in various organs and tissues, are analyzed. Special attention is given to the role of molecular mediators and the ratio between the isoforms in normal physiological functions and pathologies. Approaches for therapeutic correction of prolactin signaling impairments are discussed.

В РФ ежегодно регистрируется более 600 тысяч новых случаев рака, из них рак желудка составляет 7,3%. К сожалению, большинство из них пока диагностируют на поздних стадиях. Это связано с тем, что жители страны недостаточно информированы о наличии бесплатных скрининговых программ. Цель нашего исследования – анализ клинико-анамнестических показателей и данных «ГастроПанели» среди взрослого населения Красноярского края для неинвазивной диагностики гастрита и скрининга раннего рака желудка. Материал и методы исследования: В работе приведены результаты комплексного клинико-лабораторного исследования практически здоровых добровольцев, пациентов с хроническим атрофическим гастритом (ХАГ) и раком желудка (РЖ) I-II ст. Исследование проводилось с июня 2019 г. по сентябрь 2019 г., с разрешения локального этического комитета ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН. Результаты нашего исследования выявили, что больные в возрасте 45 лет и старше, страдающие от болей в эпигастральной области и диспепсии, имеющие в анамнезе болезни желудка, с признаками атрофии по результатам сывороточного пепсиногенового теста входят в группу риска развития раннего рака желудка. Данный подход позволит выявить значительную часть предраковых состояний среди населения для их дальнейшего тщательного обследования.

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

The article is devoted to the study of psychoemotional characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus. Conducting psychological techniques, testing, questioning patients will reveal anxiety-depressive states and psychological characteristics of patients with type I diabetes and type II diabetes for successful disease control. It is necessary to strive for the examination of such patients with an individual approach for each. To improve the quality of life of such patients, it is necessary to search for effective approaches in the education system of patients with type I diabetes and type II diabetes with the participation of psychologists.

The state of the Earth's living cover raises serious concern about its ability to successfully exist and fully implement its ecosystem functions in modern conditions. Hence the need to revise our relationship with the Nature on the basis of modern scientific achievements reflected in the concept of complementarity which is mutual favour of living beings during their lives and after death. Data analysis has shown that complementary relations on the territory of Northern Eurasia were most developed during the Miocene – Pliocene period, which resulted in a huge biodiversity, the highest productivity, as well as the maximum implementation of climateregulating functions of the Biota. Mass destruction of the giant herbivores of the mammoth fauna who organized complementary systems had global consequences, i.e. changes in the temperature regime, reduction of feed resources, decreased soil fertility, changes in the size and boundaries of ranges of animals, plants, fungi and representatives of other kingdoms as well as the replacement of complementary systems of giant herbivores and grasses by systems dominated by trees which made these landscapes unsuitable for remaining the herbivores. Further transformations of the Biota of Northern Eurasia were determined by human activity.

A new numerical method for finding roots of the characteristic equation in problems of radio wave propagation in tropospheric ducts with a piecewise linear profile of the refractive index is proposed. For the selected model of the vertical profile of the refractive index of an surface duct, dynamics of propagation constants of modes and features of the behavior of the attenuation function of the electromagnetic field as functions of the troposphere parameters and the wavelength are studied. The contribution of the whispering gallery modes is also estimated.

Identification of progesterone selective agonists and antagonists that act through one of the nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms is of particular importance for the development of tissue-specific drugs in gynecology and anticancer therapy. Fourteen pregna-D'6- and pregna-D'3-pentarane progesterone derivatives with 16α,17α-cycloalkane groups and two progesterone 3-deoxyderivatives were examined for their ability to regulate transcriptional activity of human nuclear progesterone receptor isoform B (nPR-B) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Transcriptional activity of nPR-B was measured from the expression of the β-galactosidase reporter gene with a hormone-responsible element in the promoter. Among the compounds tested, two were full progesterone agonists, four were partial agonists, one compound possessed both agonistic and antagonistic activity, one compound displayed only partial antagonistic activity, and eight compounds did not show any activity. Modifications of the pentarane structure, precisely, introduction of an additional double bound in the A or B rings and/or modification at the 6th position of progesterone, lead to a switch from the complete agonistic activity to partial agonistic or mixed activities. These modifications enable progestins to act as selective modulators of progesterone receptor. Steroids with reduced A-ring and 3-ketogroups lose their ability to regulate PR-B activity. Both 3-deoxycompounds, being selective ligands of progesterone membrane receptors, do not affect PR-B activity.

The results of studies of the vegetative cover and ontogenetic composition of the cenopopulations of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Larix sibirica Ledeb. in the Gorno-Khadytinskii Forest Reserve, which is the refugium of the northern taiga forests of Western Siberia, have been summarized. According to the Brown–Blanke system, two associations of forests were identified and described, as well as two tundra associations, for comparison. The unique association of the Aconito septentrionalis–Piceetum obovatae taiga forests Zaugolnova et Morozova 2009 were analyzed in detail, and a comparison of these associations was carried out in the Gorno-Khadytinskii and Pechoro-Ilychskii reserves, where these forests are the reference standards of the zonal-type forests. An estimate of the ontogenetic composition of the cenopopulations of P. obovata Ledeb. and L. sibirica Ledeb. is given, as well as the absolute age of the trees of these species.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in myostatin, a hormone that inhibits the growth and differentiation of muscle tissue. This interest is associated with an increase in the amount of data on the spectrum of the myostatin functioning. Myostatin, which has been known since 1997, belongs to the family of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and is a paracrine factor of skeletal muscle myocytes. It turned out that myostatin also affects the satellite cells and muscle fibroblasts, and its functions are not only to limit growth, but also to remodel skeletal muscles, which is necessary for muscle adaptation to physical training. Recent studies show that myostatin can play a significant role in musculoskeletal and cardiac cachexias in various pathologies, including cancer. It has been found that myostatin can be produced not only by skeletal muscle cells, but also by adipocytes and cardiomyocytes. It has been shown that, in cardiac pathology, the level of myostatin production increases in cardiac tissue. It is suggested that an increase in the myostatin production in the heart is necessary to prevent myocardial hypertrophy, which develops in some cardiac diseases. In this review, we examined the myostatin functions, as well as aspects of myostatin gene expression, mechanisms of its biosynthesis, its effect on various intracellular targets and transcription factors, and the regulation of its production. The importance of myostatin functions, as well as its involvement in pathological processes, allows us to consider this hormone as a promising target in therapeutic studies.

This paper describes a method for constructing a network of classifiers that forms a multidimensional representation of the ontology of scientific and technical information, as well as illustrating a method for investigating the effectiveness of automated determination of semantic relationships between classification headings.

The review focuses on the key sodium transporters involved in maintaining water–salt balance in the kidney. The topography of sodium transporters is discussed. Specifics of the hormone-dependent regulation, including phosphorylation, traffic, and expression, are considered for particular transporters. Special attention is paid to direct intracellular regulators of the transporter function. The role that dopamine plays as a natriuretic factor in modulating the function of various transporters is described.

New data are presented on unique refugia accounting for the high floristic diversity of dark conifer forests of the Northern Urals, which have some of the highest parameters of species saturation among boreal forests of northern Eurasia. Based on the results of analysis, the most significant biological factors have been revealed and their influence on boreal tall-herb and background plant communities has been evaluated.

Participation of Na+/K+-ATPase in the natriuretic effect of prolactin in a cholestasis of pregnancy model was investigated. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity in rat kidney medulla, where active sodium reabsorption occurs, decreased in the model of cholestasis of pregnancy and other hyperprolactinemia types compared with intact animals. This effect was not connected with the protein level of α1- and β-subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase measured by Western blotting in the kidney medulla. Decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the kidney cortex was not significant, as well as decrease in the quantity of mRNA and proteins of the α1- and β-subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase. There were no correlations between the Na+/K+-ATPase activity and sodium clearance, although sodium clearance increased significantly in the model of cholestasis of pregnancy and other hyperprolactinemia groups under conditions of stable glomerular filtration rate measured by creatinine clearance. We conclude that the Na+/K+-ATPase is not the only mediator of the natriuretic effect of prolactin in the model of cholestasis of pregnancy.

A review of literature dedicated to the creation and development of concepts of the potential vegetation and ecosystem cover has been performed. The developmental stages of these concepts are presented in relation to changes in paradigms and the development of historical ecology as a science, allowing an estimation of the depth, intensity, and transformation mechanisms of the natural ecosystem cover. The modern synecological concepts of the structural–functional organization and dynamics of ecosystems have been integrated into a system enabling further development of the concepts of the potential vegetation and potential ecosystem cover at the current level of knowledge. The first results of model reconstructions of the potential forest cover in the European part of Russia have been summarized. The prospects for further development of the concept of potential ecosystem cover are outlined. They are essential for the accomplishment of theoretical and practical conservation objectives.

We studied possible involvement of prolactin in the regulation of bicarbonate biodynamics using female rat model of cholestasis of pregnancy induced by transplantation of the donor pituitary under the renal capsule of a recipient (hyperprolactinemia) and bile duct ligation (cholestasis). The concentration of bicarbonates in the bile and blood, their excretion, clearance, and reabsorption, as well as glomerular filtration rate and excretion of sodium ions were assessed. It was found that the main effect of prolactin was directed to the kidney-regulated pool of bicarbonates and consisted in stimulation of their clearance and inhibition of reabsorption, which led to a decrease in bicarbonate blood concentration. Parallel influence of prolactin on the clearance of bicarbonates and sodium ions was observed.

The search of selective agonists and antagonists of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) is a starting point for the study of progesterone signal transduction mechanisms mediated by mPRs, distinct from nuclear receptors. According to preliminary data, the ligand affinity for mPRs differs significantly from that for classical nuclear progesterone receptors (nPRs), which might indicate structural differences in the ligand-binding pocket of these proteins. In the present work, we analyzed the affinity of several progesterone derivatives for mPRs of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC3 cell line that is characterized by a high level of mPR mRNA expression and by the absence of expression of nPR mRNA. The values were compared with the affinity of these compounds for nPRs. All tested compounds showed almost no affinity for nPRs, whereas their selectivity towards mPRs was different. Derivatives with an additional 19-hydroxyl group and removed 3-keto group had the highest selectivity for mPRs. These results suggest these compounds as the most selective progesterone analogs for studying the mechanisms of progestin action via mPRs.

Cholestasis of pregnancy is a pathology associated with disruptions in the bile flow and dysregulation of salt and water homeostasis. Prolactin is one of the most important regulators of salt and water balance. Changes in the expression of long and short isoforms of the prolactin receptor (PrlR) and mediators of prolactin signaling were studied by immunoblotting and RT-qPCR in the rat kidney cortex and outer medulla in the model of cholestasis of pregnancy. Both PrlR isoforms were shown to participate in the effects of prolactin in cholestasis of pregnancy. Direct impact of prolactin on the kidney has been demonstrated: (i) mRNA expression of both PrlR isoforms in the kidney depended on the physiological conditions and prolactin levels; (ii) expression of pSTAT5, a key mediator of the long PrlR isoform signaling, was increased in animals with cholestasis of pregnancy; (iii) in the case of long PrlR isoform predomination, expression of mRNAs for the prolactin signaling inhibitors SOCS3 and PIAS3 was upregulated (the genes of these regulators contain STAT-responsive elements in their promoters); (iv) expression of the mRNA for galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), a molecular target of the PrlR short isoform, was decreased in the kidney outer medulla.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical-anamnestic, serological, immunological and biochemical tests used for early diagnostics of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 104 apparently healthy blood donors, the comparison group – 97 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis as well as a group of patients with early gastric cancer comprising 98 subjects. Assessment of monocyte and neutrophil spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence (CL) was carried out on a 36-channel biochemiluminometer BLM-3607. Phagocytosis was measured by using a Beckman Coulter FC 500 flow cytometer. A Varian Cary Eclipse spectrofluorometer was used to study lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system. Results and discussion. While studying the phagocytic arm of immunity, it was found that all patients with early gastric cancer were reported to have parameters of the maximum intensity for neutrophil spontaneous CL from 17 831 c.u. and lower, whereas induced CL reached at least 30 000 c.u. Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with early gastric cancer was 36% or less. While studying the indicators of monocytes, it was found that spontaneous and induced CL decreased from 454 c.u. and 1186 c.u., respectively, in the patients with early gastric cancer. Monocytic activity in early gastric cancer was 34% or less. In the study of lipid peroxidation, an antioxidant defense in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer had increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Patients with gastric cancer had decreased activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT), whereas subjects with chronic atrophic gastritis had reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPO) level. In contrast, patients with early gastric cancer were featured with increased GPO activity. We have proposed coefficients for assessing the factors of the antioxydant defence system in patients: the ratio for superoxide dismutase to catalase activity (SOD/CAT) as well as the ratio for superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase activity (SOD/GPO). Conclusion. During the study, threshold values of parameters were obtained for assigning groups at high risk of developing early gastric cancer, which can be used for screening in adult population.