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The learning outcomes of the Social Sciences study at the Elementary School level in Indonesia in general have not shown maximum results, this is because the social studies field includes subjects that are less attractive to students. This study aims to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning learning method and Conventional learning method as well as the ability to think logically towards learning outcomes in Social Sciences. This research was conducted on class VI students of the State Ibtidaiyah Madrasah in Ciputat, with a total of 60 students. This study uses treatment by level 2 x 2. The data analysis technique is the analysis of two-way variance (ANAVA). The results of the study showed that: (1) Student learning outcomes in social studies subjects taught using PBL learning method were higher than students taught using conventional method, (2) for students who have high logical thinking skills, the learning outcomes of students taught using the Problem Based Learning method are higher than those taught using conventional method, (3) for students who have low logical thinking skills, student learning outcomes are taught using the PBL method lower than students taught using conventional method.(4) there was an interaction effect between PBL learning method and logical thinking skills.

In Indonesia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks ninth among 22 types of diseases that result in death. Patients with history of CVD may experience various physical and emotional symptoms such as fatigue, edema, and sleeping difficulties that limit their physical and social activities which will in turn result in poor quality of life. Hospitalization and mortality has been associated with poor quality of life therefore people with history of CVD should be assessed appropriately to determine its impact on patients’ daily lives. This study aimed to examine the quality of life in older people with history of heart diseases. This study was conducted in an outpatient department of a private hospital in Tangerang, Banten Province, Indonesia. This quantitative, descriptive study involved 397 older patients. Data were collected via purposive sampling. Older patients with a history of CVD (cardiovascular diseases), aged 60–74 years, who could communicate and understand the Indonesian language and were not in a state that hindered completing a questionnaire were included in the study. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which comprises four domains: physical health, psychological aspects, social relationships, and environment. Data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. The results showed that 94% of respondents with a history of CVD had a good quality of life, with 85% having an adequate environmental aspect, 60.7% having active social relationships, 54.7% having good physical health, and 44.8% having a stable psychological condition. Despite having a history of CVD, most respondents in this study reported a good quality of life. However, the measurement tool used in this study measured quality of life in general. Future research should consider using a tool that is specific for measuring the quality of life of people with cardiac diseases.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklim komunikasi organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Pekanbaru dengan subjek penelitian Karyawan perusahaan Event Organizer. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif verifikatif yang dimana menggunakan tehnik analisis Chi Square. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan data sensus sebanyak 40 karyawan. Data dikoleksi melalui kuesioner dianalisis deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa 36 karyawan membutuhkan iklim komunikasi organisasi untuk mempengaruhi kinerjanya sehingga menimbulkan peningkatan. This study aims to determine whether or not there is an influence of the organizational communication climate on employee performance. This research was carried out in the Pekanbaru city with the subject of Employee research. This research is a kind of quantitative research which uses Chi-square analysis techniques. The sample used is census data of 40 employees. Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that 36 employees need an organizational communication climate to influence their performance, leading to an increase.

Kabupaten Bengkalis memiliki potensi wisata yang dapat dikelola secara terintegrasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat secara mandiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi objek wisata dan perencanaan komunikasi dalam mengembangkan potensi wisata di Kabupaten Bengkalis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, melalui model komunikasi interaksional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, kelompok fokus, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menemukan rencana strategis untuk pengembangan kawasan wisata yang sekarang menjadi inti ekonomi Kabupaten Bengkalis dan berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan di hampir semua kecamatan, yang memiliki karakter dan potensi yang hampir sama, berdasarkan konten lokal di kawasan itu, seperti potensi wisata alam dan budaya. Proses perencanaan komunikasi melalui perencanaan komunikasi, perencanaan pesan, perencanaan media dalam pengembangan potensi pariwisata, dan evaluasi tahap dalam perencanaan komunikasi, yang menekankan pada model komunikasi sirkuler.

Gillnets are the fishing gear selected by Kendal fishermen particularly in small-scale artisanal fisheries because gillnets need relatively small capital, have easy operation, use medium- or small-sized fishing vessels, and are selective towards catches. Modifications were made by increasing the performance of the fishermen gillnet to get more economical fish catches. This study aims to technically analyze the modified gillnet on the catch composition. The study was conducted in Kendal waters in April 2019 with a 1 GT vessel using a comparative design with experimental fishing. The modified gillnet was a net made from PA multi-monofilament of 0.20 x 10 ply with 4-inch mesh size with the specifications of the mounted length of netting of 50 meters and the mounted height of netting of 5.9 m for one net with a hanging ratio of 0.55. Based on the paired sample t-test results, tcount value = 7.690 is greater than ttable (0.05) = 1.796. H0 is rejected and H1 which states that there is a difference in the number and weight of fish caught by the fishermen gillnet and the modified gillnet is accepted. Dominant species caught by the modified gillnet were Euthynnus affinis which were mostly allowable to catch both caught by the fishermen gillnet (51%) and the modified gillnet (95%) and Scromberomorus commersoni which were mostly not allowable to catch both caught by the fishermen gillnet (89%) and the modified gillnet (64%).

This study has purpose to find out the effect of work placement towards the work environment. Due to the hypothesis of the research, the right placement and position are able to help the company to achieve the goals. Afterward, the methods used are associative method and descriptive method. The indicator of work placement that is used in this study is synthesis of determining work location, determining work position, and assigning. The number of populations involving in this study is 268 and sample is 160 respondents. Then, the result of the study shows that the work placement based on Grand Indonesia Industry Company employees’ responds in determining work location, work position and assignment indicators are 3896 which is categorized as good enough. Furthermore, the work environment in Grand Indonesia Industry Company based on Grand Indonesia Industry Company employees’ responds on facilities and work implementation are 4034 which is categorized as very good. However, the analysis result of work placement correlation towards the work environment is rX1. Y-0,22 included as low category. Originality and value of the research defined by the obtained results and discussion, according to which, it is supposed to increase the work placement for employees especially in assignments, determining the work position of employees so that employees are always passionate to work. It is also recommended to improve the work environment, especially in the implementation of work, work infrastructure so that employee performance can increase. Practical and social implications of the research are added by the suggestion to improve the work environment, especially in the implementation of work, work infrastructure so that employee performance can increase.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn pada materi Integrasi Nasional dalam Bingkai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika di kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Samigaluh Kulonprogo melalui penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Samigaluh Kulonprogo. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn siswa kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Samigaluh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pra siklus 71,6 dengan presentase ketuntasan sebesar 22,2%. Nilai rata-rata tes siklus I yaitu 76,3 dengan presentase ketuntasan sebesar 50% dan nilai rata-rata tes siklus II yaitu 85,6 dengan presentase ketuntasan sebesar 100%.

Majelis Ta'lim is a means of developing Islamic Da'wah using lecture methods and ending with questions and answers. In general, Majelis Ta'lim is a purely non-governmental organization, which is born, managed, maintained, developed, and supported by its members. The teaching carried out in Majelis Ta'lim leads to the teaching of Tauhid, sharia, and Sufism. Related to this, the study aims to know the presence of Majelis Ta'lim in the community, how the participation of the participants in the activity of Majelis Ta'lim and what the impact for the society. In completing this research, the authors used a qualitative descriptive approach with the research location in Kaway District XVI West Aceh Regency. Data obtained from Tengku Pesantren, guide Zikr and Zikr participant. The results of the study found that the Majelis Taklim and Tawajuh affect the increasing number of worshippers present. People who participated in Majelis Ta'lim and Tawajuh had many changes in morality, the occurrence of good relations with our fellow communities and can avoid the 'ghibah'. The influence of the Majelis Ta'lim and Tawajuh has also formed a society that the individual Shaleh also social Shaleh. The community of Kaway XVI Sub-district is very large participation in following the activities of the Assembly Taklim and Tawajuh, although the mileage of gampong organizing the activities of the Majelis Ta'lim and Tawajuh is very far. Even people willingly bring food to give to other pilgrims. Abstrak: Majelis taklim merupakan sarana pengembangan dakwah Islam dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan diakhiri dengan tanya jawab. Pada umumnya majelis ta’lim adalah lembaga swadaya masyarakat murni, yang dilahirkan, dikelola, dipelihara, dikembangkan, dan didukung oleh anggotanya. Pengajaran yang dilakukan dalam majelis taklim mengarah pada pengajaran tauhid, syariat dan tasawuf. Terkait hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaiamana pengaruh hadirnya majelis ta;lim dalam masayarakat, bagaimana bentuk partisipasi masayarakat terhadap kegiatan majelis ta;lim serta apa dampaknya bagi masyarakat tersebut. Dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Kaway XVI Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Data diperoleh dari Tengku pesantren, pemandu zikir serta jamaah zikir. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Majelis taklim dan tawajuh telah berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya jumlah jamaah yang hadir. Masyarakat yang mengikuti majelis taklim dan tawajuh banyak mengalami perubahan akhlak ,terjadinya hubungan baik dengan sesama masyarakat dan dapat menghindari ghibah. Pengaruh majelis taklim dan tawajuh juga telah membentuk masyarakat yang shaleh secara individu juga shaleh secara sosial. Masyarakat kecamatan Kaway XVI sangat besar partisipasi dalam mengikuti kegiatan majelis taklim dan tawajuh, meskipun jarak tempuh dari gampong penyelenggara kegiatan majelis taklim dan tawajuh jaraknya sangat jauh. Bahkan masyarakat dengan suka rela membawa makanan untuk disedakahkan kepada jamaah-jamaah lainnya.

Modernization fishery tools facilitated by government support is assumed to help improving fishermen incomes. However, on reality the introduction of the more advanced tools has also posed challenges to the traditional fishermen. Modernization of fishery technology can also caused conflict between fishermen. This found evidence in the conflict between longline (rawai) fishers and trawl fishers in Bengkalis District-Riau has occurred for more than 30 years. The modernization of fishing gear by government is one of the triggers of the conflict. This research aims to uncover the root causes of conflict and understand communication management to overcome the conflict between traditional and modern fishers. This research used the qualitative and explorative method. The results show that the conflict among fishers in the coastal area of Bengkalis occurs due to the use of trawl and the territorial dispute in fishing. The causes of conflict between fishers are related to lack of rule understanding, economic inequality, and differences in value and culture. Government delivery of the aid that is not sensitive to the need fo traditional fishermen play role in the conflict. This is due to the problem communication management. The resolution of the conflicts at the Fishers community level is possible if the government is able to build the atmosphere through appropriate policies, programs and communication ways for the Fishers community.

This is a quantitative descriptive research that aimes to describe students’ diffulties in develophing the paragraph in Japanese writing, the causal factors, and solutions from difficulties in developing the paragraph experienced by students of Japanese Education program in Semarang State University. Samples of this research were a total of 30 students of Japanese Education Program class 2014. The technique of collecting data used was questionnaire. The data results obtained then were analyzed using descriptive percentage approach. The result of this research showed that difficulties developing paragraph on Japanese essay, included determining ideas, writing topic sentences, composing supporting ideas, writing and composing with logical plot, using phrases, vocabulary and sentence patterns. Factors that affected were the lack of students' interest in reading and writing, and the students' lack of knowledge about paragraphs. The solutions that could be used to overcome these difficulties were often practicing Japanese writing, read other book references and apply vocabulary and sentence pattern to the fullest. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan utuk mendeskripsikan keulitan, faktor penyebab, dan solusi dari kesulitan mengembangkan paragraf pada karangan bahasa Jepang yang dialami oleh mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Unnes. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 30 mahasiswa prodi pendidikan Bahasa Jepang angkatan 2014. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan angket. Hasil data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif prosentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kesulitan mengembangkan paragraf pada karangan bahasa Jepang meliputi menentukan ide, menulis kalimat utama, menulis dan menyusun kalimat penjelas dengan alur yang logis, penggunaan ungkapan, kosakata dan pola kalimat. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah kurangnya minat mahasiswa terhadap membaca dan menulis, dan ketidaktahuan mahasiswa tentang paragraf. Solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kesulitan tersebut yaitu sebaiknya sering berlatih mengarang, membaca referensi buku lain, dan menerapkan kosakata maupun pola kalimat yang sudah dipelajari secara maksimal.

Anemia is defined as a decrease in haemoglobin concentration and the number of erythrocytes. One source of iron in vegetable is the papaya leaf. This study aimed to determine the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels after the application of Carica papaya leaf on mice through the sodium nitrite induction. The research design used was Randomized Design Complete by using five treatments with five repetitions on each treatment. The data measured in this study was number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels of rats before being given sodium nitrite, after being given sodium nitrite and after being given papaya leaf juice. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using variance analysis (ANOVA), and the data that significantly different was then analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that papaya leaf juice significantly affected the increase of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin level. The concentration that gives the best effect in increasing the number of erythrocytes is 50% papaya leaf juice concentration and 25% papaya leaf juice concentration which gives the best effect in increasing the hemoglobin content. Further, the findings can be used as baseline information for further scientific investigation for using papaya leaf as an alternative medicine in curing anemia disease and analyzing phytochemical, pharmaceutical and other biological activities on other plant or vegetable and to conducted further research by using female mice and pregnant female mice.

Spatial ability and self-regulated learning have broad implications for students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the improvement of spatial ability and self-regulated learning of students who obtain computer-assisted learning using the 3D Cabri program. This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design involved 71 tenth grade high school students in Bandung, Indonesia. Furthermore, the experimental class obtained computer-aided learning using the Cabri 3D program, while the control obtained conventional learning using a scientific approach. The analysis discovered that (1) the improvement of students' spatial ability in the experimental class was better than those in the control class, (2) students of the experimental class achieved better spatial ability than those in the control class, (3) the improvement of students' self-regulated learning in the experimental class was better than those in the control class, and (4) students of the experimental class achieved better self-regulated learning than those in the control. These facts can help educators to consider the application of the Cabri 3D program in mathematics education in the future.

Bertambahnya penduduk dan pola kehidupan masyarakat mengakibatkan volume, jenis, dan karakteristik sampah semakin beragam. Sampah telah menjadi permasalahan hampir di setiap kota di Indonesia, termasuk di Bandung Raya. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya sebuah pengelolaan sampah yang komprehensif. Salah satunya adalah dengan dibangunnya Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah Regional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kelembagaan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Kehadiran BPSR sejak dibentuk tahun 2009 telah memfasilitasi pengelolaan sampah secara regional dengan pembangunan dan pengelolaan TPPAS regional di Bandung Raya. Efektivitas kelembagaan TPPAS regional dalam pengelolaan sampah secara keseluruhan di Bandung Raya bertalian dengan peningkatan volume sampah, partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah termasuk melalui bank sampah, kemampuan keuangan kabupaten/kota yang berpartisipasi dalam TPPAS regional, berjalannya fungsi operasional dan pengawasan, serta koordinasi antara BPSR dengan pemerintah kabupaten/kota di wilayah Bandung Raya.

Background: Myopia is a type of refractive error which causes visual impairment. Early detection in schoolaged children is important to prevent. Permanent visual impairment. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, and risk factors, myopia in elementary student at Temanggung District. Method: A cross-sectional analytic study design was used. The target population for screening was students from 4th -6 th grade attending schools in the Temanggung and Ngadirejo sub-districts (three schools per subdistrict). Distant visual acuity was tested by trained staff using Snellen charts. Risk factors were collected by structured questionnaire, completed by parents. Univariat and bivariat analysis were performed to calculate odds ratio and multivariate analysis by logistic regression. Results: There were 477 respondents: 51% male and 49% female. Age ranged between 9-15 years. The prevalence of myopia was 15% (95%CI: 0.11-0.17). Myopia was more common in females and children from Ngadirejo (a rural area). Bivariat analysis indicated that risk factors related to myopia are genetic, with OR=2.41 (95%CI: 1.29-4.38) p-value 0.002, duration of television/computer game use with OR=2.08 (95%CI: 1.17-3.79) p-value 0.007, reading distance with OR=1.83 (95%CI: 1.04-3.22) p-value 0.034 and body position while reading with OR=2.46 (95%CI: 1.26-4.68) p-value 0.003. Multivariate analysis identified genetic factors as the main risk factors for myopia (OR=2.23; 95%CI: 1,23-4,02). Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia at Temanggung District is high enough. Genetic factor was identified as the main risk factor. Myopia screening should be performed routinely to prevent permanent visual impairment. Children with a family history of myopia should be limited in near-work activity.

The absence of maximum readiness of the existing Micro Small Medium Enterprises or SMEs in Semarang City in facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) requires an effort to improve the quality and competitiveness of SMEs. According to this problem, this research had several objectives to achieve, namely 1) evaluating the readiness of Semarang Municipality’s SMEs from various aspects in facing Asean Economic Community (AEC), 2) preparing the strategies to improve Semarang Municipality's SMEs business quality and capacity. This research uses descriptive and SWOT analyses. The research results indicate that SMEs in Semarang Municipality has been ready in facing AEC. The obstacles standing in the way of SMEs include poorly arranged administration, the absence of product standardization, and marketing. The strategies practicable to improve SMEs’ businesses in Semarang Municipality include improving and extending marketing network and organizing training, assistance and technology upgrade for SMEs to improve their product standard, value and quality.

Rumput laut memiliki beberapa aplikasi ekonomi dalam berbagai jenis industri, salah satunya untuk industri kosmetik. Salah satu kosmetik yang banyak digunakan yaitu krim tabir surya. Efektivitas dari krim tabir surya biasanya dinyatakan dengan nilai SPF (sun protection factor). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif dan nilai SPF pada ekstrak rumput laut Turbinaria conoides dan Eucheuma cottonii yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pada sediaan krim tabir surya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan rumput laut Turbinaria conoides mengandung golongan senyawa fenol hidrokuinon, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan saponin. Rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii hanya ditemukan senyawa alkaloid. Nilai SPF tertinggi pada rumput laut Turbinaria conoides terdapat pada ekstrak metanol (SPF 16.7), sedangkan untuk rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii terdapat pada ekstrak etil asetat (SPF 8.8). Hasil tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak dari rumput laut Turbinaria conoides dan Eucheuma cottonii memiliki potensi yang baik jika digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pada sediaan krim tabir surya.

Potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) is a nematode species of worldwide regulatory concern. This nematode caused serious economic of potato losses in Indonesia. This research studied by factorial designed to evaluated the effect of temperature (10, 20, and 30ºC), potato varieties (`Granola´, `Margahayu´, and `Cipanas´), and origin of cyst (West, Central, and East Java) on reproductive biology of G. rostochiensis in the growth chamber. The research was conducted by observed of produced the new cyst number, reproduction fitness, survival, fecundity, and multiplication of G. rostochiensis. The result showed that all of the potato varieties were infected by G. rostochiensis when they were grown at the temperature ranging of 20 and 30ºC but not at 10ºC. The optimum temperature for maximum number of cysts with the highest reproduction factor, survival, fecundity and multiplication rate for all populations was 20ºC. The origin of cyst did not have any effect on the reproductive rate. The temperature of 20ºC provided is best environment for the life of G. rostochiensis on Granola. INTISARI Nematoda sista kentang (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) adalah spesies nematoda yang mendapatkan perhatian khusus di seluruh dunia. G. rostochiensis menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang serius pada pertanaman kentang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh perbedaan suhu (10, 20, dan 30ºC), varietas kentang (Granola, Cipanas, dan Margahayu), dan asal sista (Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur) terhadap biologi reproduksi G. rostochiensis di growth chamber menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah sista baru, kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi G. rostochiensis. Seluruh varietas kentang yang diuji terserang G. rostochiensis pada suhu 20 dan 30ºC kecuali pada suhu 10ºC. Kisaran suhu optimum untuk memperoleh jumlah sista baru yang maksimum dengan kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi untuk semua populasi adalah 20ºC. Asal sista tidak berpengaruh terhadap biologi reproduksi yang diteliti. Kentang varietas Granola yang ditanam pada suhu 20ºC merupakan inang yang sesuai untuk kehidupan G. rostochiensis.

Meretrix meretrix, Pholas dactylus and Babylonia spirata are potential fisheries commodity, but information about their nutritional values is still limited. This research was aimed to determine the chemical compositions of Meretrix meretrix, Pholas dactylus and Babylonia spirata. Proximate of Meretrix meretrix, Pholas dactylus and Babylonia spirata were analyzed using thermogravimetric, soxhlet and kjeldahl methods. Their amino acid composition and taurine content were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatografy (HPLC). The moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate contents of Meretrix meretrix were 79.98%, 1.37 0.11 9.39 and 9.02 respectively; Pholas dactylus were 83.78%, 1.19, 0.11, 11.37 and 3.55 respectively; while Babylonia spirata 78.44, 1.20, 0.33, 17.38 and 2.65 respectively. Arginine was the highest essential amino acid found in Meretrix meretrix, Pholas dactylus and Babylonia spirata meat with values of 1.12%, 0.93 dan 2.50 respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant non-essential amino acid with the highest value of 2.24, 2.14 and 3.76. The limiting amino acid was histidine with the value of 0.25%, 0.18 and 0.34, respectively. The taurine content of Pholas dactylus meat (0.085%) was higher than the Babylonia spirata and Meretrix meretrix (0.067 and 0.062%, respectively).

H. opuntia is one of the green algae that distributes sufficiently dominant at the coastal of West Aceh. This research aims to screen the green algae H. opuntia that is potentia as an antioxidant agent. Extraction method in this research used mono maceration. The solvents that are used including ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), and n-hexane (non-polar). With those three solvents it was obtained three crude extracts including ethanol crude extract, ethyl acetate crude extract, and n-hexane crude extract. Subsequently, the crude extracts were used to conduct the assay including phytochemical assay and the antioxidant activity with DPPH method. The results of phytochemical assay showed that ethanol crude extract of H. opuntia was detected to have active compounds including alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol, tannin, and steroids whereas ethyl acetate extract of H. opuntia was detected to contain phenol compound. Total phenol content of ethanolic extract of H. opuntia = 2460.25 mg GAE/g and ethyl acetate extract = 972.68 mg GAE/g. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract has IC50 value = 143.63 mg/L whereas ethyl acetate extract has IC50 value = 75.51 mg/L with Vitamin C as a positive control. This results show that extract of H. opuntia possesses a vital potency as an antioxidant agent that give value added in pharmacy industries.

Recently many adolescents have not received adequate character education either in their families or school environments and probably even both; it is to say that the result shows delinquent behaviors occurred among adolescents. In regards to these environments, there are other aspects may influence such behaviors, and to name a few, we have technology in hand. Technology and the Internet give us access to sufficient information – due to its nature is accessible to many - both advantages and disadvantages. These two-sided effects, however, are possible to control and minimize if proposed actions are taken to achieve the maximum benefits for building strong characters in adolescents. This writing reports the predetermined actions that took place in a community group (Rukun Warga or RW) in Cibereum, in the district of Cisarua, Bogor. It focuses on the members of Family Welfare Movement or Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahateraan Keluarga (PKK); the members are mothers with young children and adolescents of the community group. The program used in encouraging and raising awareness of the PKK members was a hypnoparenting method in their parenting style. At the end of the program, the PKK members could apply the skills learned throughout the program into their parenting practices.

Dalam lembaga perbankan syariah, istilah pembiayaan bermasalah bukan sesuatu hal yang asing untuk didengar. Hampir semua lembaga perbankan baik konvensional maupun syariah mengalami hal tersebut, karena tidak sedikit lembaga perbankan yang terhambat laju pertumbuhannya bahkan harus terhenti kegiatan operasionalnya karena tidak dapat mengatasi masalah ini. Pihak perbankan syariah dituntut untuk memiliki strategi dalam menangani pembiayaan bermasalah. Merujuk pada data NPF Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Purwokerto pada tahun 2013 (4,2%), 2014 (3,2%), dan 2015 ((3,8%), diketahui bahwa nilai NPFnya mengalami penurunan (dinilai baik). Walaupun pada tahun 2015 meningkat sebesar 0,6%, tetapi hal ini masih dinilai baik karena masih di bawah standar maksimal nilai NPF yang ditetapkan oleh BI (5%). Penyaluran pembiayaan untuk tahun 2015 meningkat 50% dari tahun sebelumnya, dan pembiayaan yang mendominasi adalah pembiayaan murabahah Untuk mencapai nilai NPF yang baik, Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Purwokerto menggunakan strategi dalam mengatasi pembiayaan bermasalah yaitu stay strategy dan exit strategy. Namun untuk tahapan penyelamatan pembiayaan bermasalah strategi yang digunakan adalah stay strategy melalui upaya restrukturisasi pembiayaan.

Geometry is a basic mathematical concept studied at all education levels. However empirical evidence suggests there are many students who have difficulties learning geometry. One of many factors that enhances the success of students’ understanding of geometry is students’ sense of spatial ability. Seeking ways to support students’ development of spatial sense, researchers studied the impact of Computer-Based Interactive Multimedia Instruction. This study was quasi experimental in nature with Pretest and Post-test Control Group Design. The participants of the study were second grade students of two public junior high schools that were classified as schools of high and middle level ranking, in Bandung. The instruments utilized in this study consisted of prior mathematical skills test (KAM) and spatial sense ability test. The results suggested that: (1a) generally the students’ spatial sense ability and learning independency were enhanced using Computer-Based Interactive Multimedia Instruction, compared with conventional learning; (1b) there were no differences in the enhancement achievements between students’ spatial sense ability and conventional learning related to school ranking level; (1c) according to KAM, there were significant enhancements of student’s spatial sense ability between high, middle, and low KAM; (2) There is no interaction of effect between learning (CBIM and CVL) and school level to the enhancement of ability of students’ spatial sense. (3) There is no interaction of effect between learning (CBIM and CVL) and KAM to the enhancement of ability of students’ spatial sense. Keywords: geometry, spatial sense, computer-based interactive multimedia, learning difficulties.

Background: Prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is increased by the time. In Indonesia, there were an estimated 1.9% of new cases and 12% of previously treated cases. Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on Th1 cell CD4+ that produced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. T cell regulators (Tregs) produced IL-10 as anti- inflammatory cytokine is against the function of those pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is believed that immune suppression is responsible for MDR-TB. The previous study showed impaired Th1 responses and enhanced regulatory T-cell levels in circulatory blood of MDR- TB patients. The study of IL-10 represented anti-inflammation cytokine as immune suppression never been conducted in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze relationship between level of interleukin-10 and Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Methods: The study was conducted at the outpatient department of MDR-TB and DOTS of Dr. Soetomo hospital in Surabaya. Total sample was 38 of TB patients that consist of 19 MDR-TB patients (secondary resistant) and 19 non-MDR TB patients as control. Results: In this study we found that the median level of IL-10 as 5.7±3.3 pg/mL in the group of MDR-TB patients with minimum level was 1.3 pg/mL and maximum level was 14.0 pg/mL while median level of IL-10 in non-MDR TB patients was 7.0±3.4 pg/mL with 3.2 pg/mL and 16.5 pg/mL, respectively. To analyze correlation between time to first of having TB until became MDR-TB and level of IL-10 by using Pearson’s correlation, we showed that no statistical correlation (p>0.05). According to statistical classification, we found that no statistical correlation between level of IL-10 and the history of treatment in MDR-TB patients (p>0.05). Data showed that all the history of treatment classification dominated by MDR-TB patients with the low level of IL-10. We also found that no statistical difference with the level of IL-10 in MDR- TB and non-MDR TB patients (p>0.05) although in descriptive state we found the level of IL-10 was higher in non-MDR TB patients. And also there was no relationship between level of IL-10 and MDR-TB (p>0.05). It could be explained that the host factor was not involved and in the other side we still not known the factor of agents, yet. The low level of IL-10 that was observed in this study could be interfering by the strain of M.tb which not assessed in this study. Conclusion: In this study we found that level of IL-10 is not increase in MDR-TB patients and there was no relationship between level of IL-10 and MDR-TB (p>0.05).

Physicals, chemicals, and microbial parameters were analysedalong the Coder River to reveal the temporal influence on water qualitycharacteristics. From December 2017 to March 2018, we collected twice amonth surface water sample at the nine monitored sampling site. Theresults indicate that the temporal factor has a significant impact, particularly in wet and dry seasons, on increasing the chemical oxygendemand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total coliform (TC), andfaecal coliform (FC) above the local government standard. Overall, thewater quality in the Code River is mainly influenced by the anthropogenicpollution sources that did not decrease during the dry season because of thelow water flow.

Abstract One of the commodities produced from the ocean that have a bioactive compounds is a sea slug (Discodoris sp.). That is very interesting to study mainly deals with the nature of both chemical and biochemical characteristics and their use for the field of food and health. The aims of this research was to determine the nutrient content of sea slug, determaine chemical content and determine antioxidant activity. The experiment was conducted with several stages: sample preparation, analysis of nutrient content, extraction bioactive compound, analysis of chemical content and antioxidant activity. Sea slug from the island of Madura Pamekasan potential as a source of protein, fat, and minerals. Sea slug has esensial amino acids amount to 5.57% was dominated by leucin of 1.42%. Nonesensial amino acids amount to 6.54% wich was dominated by glutamic acid 2.19%. Saturated fatty acids amounted to 27.53% of sea slug was dominated by palmitic (C16: 0) which was 13.36%. Unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 34.66%, which was dominated by the essential fatty acids linolenic (C18: 3, n-3) 20.91%. The highest yield of the crude extract was ethanol and contained alkaloid compounds, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates and reducing sugar compound. The meat of sea slug with ethanol solvent has an IC best 50 antioxidant activity at 441, 12 ppm.

This study aims to provide learning about child protection as one of the most important human rights in the world paradigm of Islam and national law in Indonesia. The research method using legal studies refers to religious provisions and statutory regulations. The focus of this research is on obtaining protection from human rights violations and the right to 12-year compulsory education. The findings reveal two main topics. First, the Islamic religious paradigm views child protection as a child's human right who has a noble position, God's mandate for parents, and a form of piety to God. Second, national law makes children's human rights in care for life, education, and the responsibility of both parents based on court decisions. The conclusion is that child protection in the paradigm of religion and national law is a form of responsibility, has educational rules, and legal provisions that are inextricably linked to the elements of human rights. The expected implication is that the government includes values about child protection in the national education curriculum to provide lessons about the importance of children's human rights to create a better future generation.

Vitamin C merupakan vitamin larut dalam air dan sering digunakan sebagai suplemen dan merupakan salah satu vitamin yang diperlukan oleh tubuh. Karena fungsi vitamin C bisa menigkatkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit dan sebagai antioksidan yang menetralkan radikal bebas didalam darah maupun cairan. Salah satu sumber vitamin yang terdapat dalam buah-buahan yaitu pada jerami nangka yang berwarna kuning, karena salah satu ciri vitamin C yang terdapat pada buah-buahan yaitu berwarna kuning, rasa manis dan banyak mengandung air. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah Iodimetri, karena vitamin C merupakan senyawa yang bersifat reduktor cukup kuat, mudah teroksidasi dan iodium mudah berkurang. Hal ini merupakan salah satu suatu syarat senyawa dapat dilakukan dengan metode Iodimetri. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional, dengan sampel jerami nangka yang diperoleh dipasar Klaten dari seorang pedagang. Penelitian ini diawali dengan determinasi tanaman, kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif, pembuatan larutan baku dan penetapan kadar vitamin C pada jerami nangka. Pada proses titrasi tersebut dilakukan replikasi 3 kali untuk membandingkan hasil dari setiap titrasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil uji kualitatif yang membuktikan adanya kandungan vitamin C yang terdapat dalam jerami nangka, dengan normalitas yang diperoleh 0,089 N dan rata-rata kadar 0,021 % b/b atau 0,0021 mg/10 gram. Kemudian diperoleh Standar Deviasi (SD) ± 0,0045.

A method for identification of the causal bacteria of citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using template DNA extracted from leaf midrib of citrus has been implemented routinely. The method has not been validated, therefore it is necessary to validate the method to confirm that the method fit for its intended use. Leaf samples showing chlorotic symptom was obtained from Bogor and Bekasi, West Java and used for test samples. These samples was differentiated into 2 groups, i.e. leaf midrib and leaf mesophyll. Validation test involved homogenicity, and reproducibility test; each test was replicated 2 times. The test showed that using leaf midrib gave better result for detection of bacteria causing CVPD disease than using leaf mesophyll. Therefore, this method is recommended as routine detection method for bacteria causing CVPD disease.

Energy consumption in Indonesia always increase every year. Transportation sector is the highest energy increase among other sector, totally transportation sector consump 35% energy. Motorcycle, especially automatic type is dominate population of vehicle. This research want to know the influence of several factor to the interest of buying electric motorcycle. From research result we can conclude that product quality, price and supporting infrastructure have positive influence to both of perceived value and interest in buying of electric motorcycle. Direct relation between those three factors to interest in buying electric motorcycle is higher than indirect relation when through perceived value. For example comparing direct effect of product quality is 0,147 to indirect effect is 0,04674. Other data from this research, 91% of the respondents can accept if the speed of an electric motorcycle under 100 km / hour. In general most respondents or 97.5% of respondents require mileage > 50 km for one time battery charging. Total 85% of respondents can accept charging time over 1 hour. Total 95% of respondents can accept a price range between 10 - 30 million rupiah for each unit of electric motorcycle. For infrastructure, respondents who want a feature of charging directly (charging) and replacement batteries (swap) on electric motorcycle, desired by more than 86% of respondents.

Warehouse performance management has an important role in improving logistic's business activities. Good warehouse management could increase profit, time delivery, quality and customer service. This study is conducted to assess performance of retail warehouses in some supermarket located in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Performance improvement is proposed base on the warehouse measurement using Frazelle model (2002), that measure on five indicators, namely Financial, Productivity, Utility, Quality and Cycle time along five business process in warehousing, i.e. Receiving, Put Away, Storage, Order picking and shipping. In order to obtain more precise performance, the indicators are weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method. Then, warehouse performance are measured and final score is determined using SNORM method. From this study, it is found the final score of each warehouse and opportunity to improve warehouse performance using peer group benchmarking

This study aims to assess the vulnerability of road pavement damage using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, including the direction of handling pavement road damage. Assessment of the level of road surface damage is based on the type of damage, the degree of damage, and amount of damage. Field observations and surveys were conducted on several Collector roads in Kendari. The mean PCI score as an indicator of damage to the Mokodompit road segment shows moderate damage conditions with a mean the value PCIaverage = 53 and surface damage area = 34.419% and the countermeasures according to the Bina Marga Standard recommend patching and adding pavement layers. Assessment of vulnerabilities Manunggal road damage indicates moderate damage to the value PCIaverage = 49 With the extent of surface damage = 34,419% and the response according to Standard by filling a crack with a mixture of liquid asphalt and sand.

This study is back grounded by the importance of self- regulated learning in mathematics pre-service teachers. By possessing self-regulated, students will be able to evaluate learning process, set learning target, arrange the strategy in learning to achieve the goal, search relevant supporting materials for the lectures and show self efficacy. One task which play a role to make students successful to become professional teacher is by creating explorative learning tools. The development of this explorative tools very support learning activity process in class. This study aims to see to what extent self-regulated learning among students in developing explorative learning tools. The method of study is experimental quasi by treatment which is initiated with explorative learning and then explorative module learning is given to one class. The subjects in this study are students of mathematics department with total of 21 students, consist of 4 males and 17 females. Quantitative analysis was performed using the average difference test. The result of study shows that the average of students’ self-regulated learning after treatment is in good category and there is significant difference in self regulated learning before and after treatment. It can be concluded that these treatment give good contribution to develop students’ self-regulated learning.

Abstract. Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is one of sea water fish in Indonesia. It is a good source of protein. This fish is consumed by vary processing methods. In addition, it is very known that frying is the favorite method for food processing including fish in Indonesia because of its specific taste. However there is no data found for changes of vitamin and mineral compositions so far, thus our study investigated the effect of deep frying using 4L palm oil at 180 oC for 5 minutes on vitamin A, B12, and minerals (Ca, Na,K, Fe, Zn, and Se) of this fish. The measurenment of vitamin A and B12 was carried out by HPLC and AAS for mineral. The results showed that deep frying effected on vitamin A with significantly increased (P

Abstract. The nutrition contains on eel flash aremainly amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and mineral. The chemical content of foods are change during frying process. The aim of this research was to studythe rendemen, proximate composition (moisture, ashes, protein, and fat content), and analyzing the influence of deep fryingon amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and mineralof eel. The research measures were eel morfometric which includes length, diameter, circumference, total weight, yield, proximat, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and mineral analysis on fresh eel and after frying in 180 oC temperature for 5 minutes.Rendemen of fried eel reducedabout 26%. The increasing of proximate levels were found on ashes by 2.56% and fat by 14.47% while water, protein, and carbohydrate were decreased about 55.43%, 2.84%, and 14.19% respectively. All of the eel amino acids were decrease after deep frying. The highest non essensial amino acid on fresh and fried eel were glutamic acids by 12,89 g/100g and 9,06 g/100g respectively, and essensial amino acid were lisin by 7,13 g/100g and 4,91 g/100g respectively. Limit amino acid on fresh and fried eel were histidine by 1,54 g/100g and 1,18 g/100g respectively.Deep frying could increase palmitic acid by 17.37%, oleic acid by 24.31%,and EPA by 1.42%. Cholesterol content average of fresh eel was 30.15 mg /100 grams and fried eel was 170.44 mg /100 grams. Calcium, natrium, kalium, magnesium, iron, and zinc are decrease and the copper wereincrease. Keywords : composition; eel; heating; nutrition; processing Abstrak. Kandungan gizi dalam daging belut sawah diantaranya adalah asam amino, asam lemak, kolesterol, dan mineral. Proses penggorengan dapat mempengaruhi kandungan kimia suatu bahan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari rendemen, komposisi proksimat (air, abu, protein, dan lemak) serta menganalisis pengaruh penggorengan terhadap kandungan asam amino, asam lemak, kolesterol, dan mineral belut sawah. Penelitian mencakup pengukuran morfometrik belut sawah segar yang meliputi panjang, diameter, lingkar badan, dan berat total, pengukuran rendemen, analisis proksimat, analisis asam amino, asam lemak, kolesterol, dan analisis mineral pada belut sawah segar dan setelah penggorengan dengan suhu 180 oC selama 5 menit.Rendemen belut goreng mengalami susut sebesar 26%. Perubahan kadar proksimat adalah peningkatan kadar abu sebesar 2,56% dan peningkatan kadar lemak sebesar 14,47%. Penurunan terjadi pada kadar air yaitu sebesar 55,43%, protein sebesar 2,84%, dan karbohidrat sebesar 14,19%. Keseluruhan kandungan asam amino belut mengalami penurunan setelah penggorengan. Asam amino non esensial tertinggi pada belut sawah segar dan goreng adalah asam glutamat yaitu 12,89 g/100g dan 9,06 g/100g, sedangkan asam amino esensial yang tertinggi adalah lisin yaitu 7,13 g/100g dan 4,91 g/100g. Asam amino pembatas pada belut sawah segar dan goreng adalah histidin yaitu 1,54 g/100g dan 1,18 g/100g. Proses penggorengan dapat meningkatkan kandungan asam palmitat sebesar 17,37%, asam oleat sebesar 24,31%, dan EPA sebesar 1,42%. Kandungan kolesterol rata-rata belut segar adalah 30,15 mg/100 gram dan belut goreng adalah 170,44 mg/100 gram.Mineral kalsium, natrium, kalium, magnesium, besi, dan seng juga mengalami penurunan sedangkan tembaga mengalami kenaikan. Kata kunci :belut sawah; komposisi; gizi; pemanasan; pengolahan

Background Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. Sargassum sp is a natural ingredient that contains high antioxidants and antibiotics. Methods This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia ( O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD 50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia ( O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD 50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (pSargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×10 6 cells/mm 3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×10 4 cells/mm 3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×10 4 cells/ mm 3. Conclusions A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.

The purpose of this study is to determine the micro minerals composition i.e. iron, zinc, copper, and iodine) and heavy metals i.e. lead, cadmium, and mercury) on three groups of weight of milkfish (Chanos chanos). Micro minerals and heavy metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrofotometric (AAS). The results showed that the highest levels of micro minerals were found at weight ±150 g (6.95±0.16 mg of zinc/kg of dry basis, copper 0.55±0.01 mg/kg of dry basis , and iron 12.14±0.06 mg/kg of dry basis. The highest iodine content contain was found at weight 102 g ± is 76.33±0.01 mg/100g of dry basis. The concentrations obtained in lead was 0.143±0.0057 mg/kg, cadmium was 0.0433±0.011 mg/kg, and mercury was 0.143±0.0057 mg/kg of dry basis,. The heavy metals level from Tanjung Pasir Tangerang District are safe to be comsumed since it is still below the limit for food savety.