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Cloud computing (CC) has attracted many organizations to invest in this virtual storage technology since it is seen to be able to help businesses in managing and sharing data in a more flexible, cost saving, and business scalability. However, there are many issues faced by CC, such as data security concern, the high cost during the set-up process, designing the cloud model as well as high dependency on the cloud providers. Apart from these issues, several studies have also highlighted that several other factors are influencing the acceptance of CC implementation, especially in the organizational environment. Therefore, this paper aims to review and identify the relevant factors that influence the acceptance of CC implementation in the organization. This study reviewed 55 articles related to CC implementation, and a total of 21 factors have been obtained through the several processes. These factors were arranged according to the frequency based on the thematic analysis method. As a result, 21 factors were obtained and ranked; Compatibility, Top Management Support, Relative Advantage, Security, Complexity, External Pressure, IT Knowledge, Cost, Trust, Trialability, Regulations & Government Support, Innovativeness, External expertise, Sharing & Collaboration, User experiences, Awareness, Firm Size, Social Influence, Task, Vendor Support, and Business Continuity. This study managed to unveil a new context in cloud computing studies as it provides more insights on the factors that may have been untouched.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is widely adopted by many organisations to align their business and IT together to ensure the resources optimization is achieved. This recent EA development not only brings positive impacts to the business organisation but the government organisation as well. Nevertheless, during the implementation of EA, one of the challenges is to create a standardised and dynamic metamodel that able to integrate the government agencies business models. To date, it is still yet to find any dynamic metamodel that designed for this purpose. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an EA dynamic metamodel design based on complex cognitive activities (CCA) concept. This study starts with an investigation of EA metamodel concept and current practice through literature review and preliminary interviews, followed by the design on EA dynamic metamodel for government agencies with a selection of Malaysian education EA Reference as a pilot case study. As a result, a Dynamic EA Metamodel by using CCA concept is proposed by utilizing the four layers of dynamic design using cognitive action (physical, perceptual, functional, conceptual) and Archimate generic metamodel schema. This is a new contribution to EA Body of Knowledge (EABoK) and EA practice as it helps for better management of EA models especially for a large and complex organisation of the government sector. This model will allow the EA team in multiple organisations to design and develop their EA models according to their own business process but yet still following the EA metamodel set by the top EA office.

Online data storage technology over the cloud network has become an option for many organizations, even for personal use. The benefits of cloud computing enable many organizations, including the public sector, to use this technology to provide the best service experience. However, there is an issue with the implementation of cloud-based applications when their usage is less than the number of applications offered. Therefore, a study on the acceptance of cloud computing in the public sector should be conducted. This paper aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument for cloud computing acceptance in Malaysian public sectors. The developed instruments are analyzed through validity and reliability phases. The validity analysis phase involves two stages of face validity and expert validity. The Content Validity Index (CVI) is used, and the feedback of the panel is considered in improving the items used. The reliability phase was conducted by performing an analysis to evaluate Cronbach ‘alpha for each item and also testing using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final instrument contained 71 items of 5-point Likert scale multiple-choice options, classified under 15 variables. As a result, this instrument is successfully validated and are reliable to be used in the actual data collection.

Software Requirements Changes is a typical phenomenon in any software development project. Restricting incoming changes might cause user dissatisfaction and allowing too many changes might cause delay in project delivery. Moreover, the acceptance or rejection of the change requests become challenging for software project managers when these changes are occurred in Software Development Phase. Where in Software Development Phase software artifacts are not in consistent state such as: some of the class artifacts are Fully Developed, some are Half Developed, some are Major Developed, some are Minor Developed and some are Not Developed yet. However, software effort estimation and change impact analysis are the two most common techniques which might help software project managers in accepting or rejecting change requests during Software Development Phase. The aim of this research is to develop a new software change effort estimation model which helps software project manager in estimating the effort for software Requirement Changes during Software Development Phase. Thus, this research has analyzed the existing effort estimation models and change impact analysis techniques for Softwrae Development Phase from the literature and proposed a new software change effort estimation model by combining change impact analysis technique with effort estimation model. Later, the new proposed model has been evaluated by selecting four small size software projects as case selections in applying experimental approch. The experiment results show that the overall Mean Magnitude Relative Error value produced by the new proposed model is under 25%. Hence it is concluded that the new proposed model is applicable in estimating the amount of effort for requirement changes during SDP.

Website is a necessity for organizations to enable users worldwide to access their information and gain a competitive edge over others. The diversity of websites makes assessing website quality a difficult task. The aim of this paper is to identify the issues faced in the quality evaluation of university websites, the models and the factors used for evaluating university website quality. Systematic literature review was used to identify and synthesize related scholarly research papers. Findings show that there is a lack of study on university website quality compared to business websites; website designers did not have the appropriate knowledge on the interface design; and the website quality evaluation is complex since there is no specific evaluation model. Webqual 4.0 model was used to evaluate the quality of universities' websites. From 24 studies, initially 79 quality factors were extracted. After performing comparison, filtration and memoing, six quality factors were identified: information quality, specific content, usability, web appearance, service interaction quality, and functionality. This study makes a useful contribution in developing university website quality model by extending the Webqual 4.0 model.

With the growth of IT, a comprehensive electronic health record system for the Malaysian armed forces is a must. However, because of the low success rate in the use of electronic health record systems, it is important to identify user acceptance factors for the systems. Thus, a research model that is grounded in TAM and UTAUT is developed to identify user adoption factors for Malaysian Armed Forces Hospital and Clinics to ensure the significant success of Military Lifetime Health Record (MLHR) implementations. A self-administered survey technique is employed and 63 useful responses collected from users (military clinicians and medical personnel). The research model was then tested using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results of this study confirm that behavioral intention is significant to actual usage of MLHR system by military clinician and medical personnel. Except of effort expectancy, all four (4) factors namely performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition and computer self-efficacy positively affect the military clinicians and medical personnel's intention to use the MLHR system. This study confirms that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition and computer self-efficacy drive users' behavioral intention toward MLHR system usage. Having a clear understanding of what and how these determinants influence military clinician and medical personnel' behavioral intention is important as it can help make MLHR systems the main source of module when it comes to the next level HIS project for MAF.

The adoption of eLearning in developing countries is rare when a comparison is made against the developed nations. Therefore, this study answered calls from numerous literature demanding for more research to investigate the adoption, usage, and application of eLearning systems and applications in Libyan higher education institutions (LHEIs) to contribute to this crucial knowledge gap. Thus, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted focusing on the eLearning technology acceptance theories and models and open issues and challenges facing the LHEIs. Hence, the findings revealed that the technology acceptance model (TAM) is the most dominant theoretical model applied to test the adoption of eLearning in LHEIs. The finding further revealed that there are limited studies based on other technology acceptance theories such as the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Hence, this study recommends the adoption of the UTAUT framework for future research due to its foundation from eight different technology acceptance models, including the dominant TAM theory, which could offer new insights. The findings of this study have the potential for academic researchers wanting to study the acceptance and use of technology for teaching and learning especially in developing countries.

The government is always looking forward to providing citizens with excellent service. One of the government’s significant agenda is to identify ways to improve the quality of service and deliver the best service to their citizens. Both Malaysia Open Government Data (MOGD) and Malaysia Government Enterprise Architecture (MyGovEA) initiative play a vital role in assisting the government in providing excellent service deliverables to the citizens. These domains must integrate each other towards the country’s economic and social growth. In this paper, we propose the new conceptual model on a new metamodel for the OGD using the Government Enterprise Architecture (GEA) modeling process. Based on the OGD problem and challenges define map with the Archimate metamodel notation to classify the OGD context with the EA metamodel. The study becomes an opportunity for the MyGovEA team and the researchers to highlight EA integration across industry and agencies.

The term cloud computing is not new anymore in computing technology. This form of computing technology previously considered only as marketing term, but today cloud computing not only provides innovative improvements in resource utilization but it also creates a new opportunities in data protection mechanisms where the advancement of intrusion detection technologies are blooming rapidly. From the perspective of security, cloud computing also introduces concerns about data protection and intrusion detection mechanism especially cloud computing are exposed to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This paper aims to provide DoS detection mechanism for cloud computing environment. As a result, we provide an experiment to examine the capability of the proposed system. The result shows that the proposed system was able to detect DoS attacks that conducted during the experiment with 94.4% detection rate. We conclude the paper with a discussion on the results, then we include together with a graphical summary of the experiment's result.

Agile has become commonly used as a software development methodology and its success depends on face-to-face communication of software developers and the faster software product delivery. Implicit thinking knowledge has considered as a very significant for organization self-learning. The main goal of paying attention to managing the implicit thinking knowledge is to retrieve valuable information of how the software is developed. However, requirements documentation is a challenging task for Agile software engineers. The current Agile requirements documentation does not incorporate the implicit thinking knowledge with the values it intends to achieve in the software project. This research addresses this issue and introduce a framework assists to inject the implicit thinking knowledge in Agile requirements engineering. An experiment used a survey questionnaire and case study of real project implemented for the framework evaluation. The results show that the framework enables software engineers to share and document their implicit thinking knowledge during Agile requirements documentation.

This article provides a systematic review of Enterprise Architecture (EA) assessment model. The review main goal is to identify the existing EA assessment models and to categorise the models according to EA phases as well as to analyse the models limitation. The review result shows that there are 16 EA assessment models proposed across both industry and academic areas that fit in three EA phases mentioned.

Enterprise architecture (EA) proves to be a holistic strategy in aligning business and information technology. An increasing number of organizations, especially in the public sector, have adopted EA in order to take advantage of the opportunities that it offers. Through EA, the efficiency of the organization is improved, with the optimization of resources and the elimination of duplication and redundancy. However, the successful establishment of EA relies on the organization’s readiness and ability to adopt EA practices because without proper readiness, the practices will probably fail. EA readiness refers to the assessment of how ready an organization is to adopt and to establish EA practices. EA readiness helps the organization to measure their stage of readiness, to identify any gaps, and then to redesign its strategy in order to adopt EA practices. EA is a merger between business and IT. Thus, the important elements of EA readiness should comprise of people, process, technology, and catalyst enabler. There is a lack of readiness for an assessment model that shapes these four elements towards EA; hence, a clear gap has been identified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to validate the EA Readiness Assessment Model (EARAM) by performing the Delphi technique. The study adopts a three-round Delphi Technique to verify the identified elements and factors and this is followed by developing and validating the proposed model. Results from the Delphi analysis have validated four (4) major elements of EARAM, namely people, process, technology, and catalyst enabler. The number of factors that contributes towards the readiness of the EA establishment is fourteen (14). It is anticipated that this model (EARAM) can help the Malaysian Public Sector (MPS) organization to identify and understand the elements and factors that must be considered when assessing the readiness to practice EA.

Government Enterprise Architecture (GEA) is a hierarchical approach for aligning business and ICT by integrating the information systems, processes, organisational units and people in the government. Studies shown the one of the failure factors in GEA implementation is due to the inadequate attention given to the process and assessment of GEA activities during the establishment phase. Therefore this paper proposes a model to assess the GEA establishment phase as a way to support successful GEA project deliverables. The balanced scorecard approach will be adopted in the study, in order to provide a comprehensive assessment that will covers financial, customer, internal perspective and also innovation and learning aspects. This research is conducted in Malaysian Public Sector context with the target group of multiple case studies of agencies that have established the GEA. As a result, an assessment model for Government Enterprise Architecture Establishment Phase is proposed.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has not been around for very long. However, since the notion of IoT introduced, most of IoT studies focused on a strategic level such as planning, architectures, standardization, and latest technologies, however, studies of risk management plan of IoT are still lacking. IoT has been widely used to link existing medical resources and provide reliable, effective and smart healthcare services to elderly and patients with chronic illnesses. However, a systematic process is missing when managing and anticipating the risk of IoT usage in healthcare. For this purpose, this paper extensively explores various IoT technologies used in health care services and its security challenges. As a result, IoT Security Risk Model for Healthcare is introduced to cater a complete process of risk management based on ISO/IEC 27005:2018 standard. It is believed that by having this model, it will emphasize on iterative IoT risk management process as it may increase the depth and detail of the assessment at each iteration.

This article on Systematic Literature Review (SLR) provides the issues and challenges faced by organizations when adopting EA. Firstly, a review of literature that discusses the problems and challenges was undertaken. Methods and theories adopted were reviewed to identify the existing approach and perspective on resulting factors that influenced EA adoption. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the review process, 16 articles were selected. A total of 19 challenges and problems were identified such as EA misconceptions, overlapping organizational rules, unclear leadership as well as lack of business and IT alignment. A sum of 15 factors from multidimensional contexts that influenced the EA adoption in the organization were also discussed, such as top management support, governance, communication as well as EA knowledge and skill. This SLR also reflected that there were relatively little empirical studies conducted on EA adoption studies. The existing studies tend to apply single and multiple theories from the organization and management domains in one study. By understanding such issues and challenges, risks can be reduced and avoided when introducing EA to organizations, and subsequently ease the deployment process. Thus, this article may shed light on understanding the organizational-related factors and the underlying relationships of EA adoption. As a result, an effective adoption of EA can be facilitated in the organizations.

Although Enterprise Architecture (EA) is becoming an important agenda to align business with information technology plan, not many organisations, especially in the public sector, are ready to implement it. Therefore, there is a need to identify the readiness factors that affect the implementation of EA in the Malaysian Public Sector (MPS). Even though the readiness factors identified are influenced by a previous study, the instrument used to validate the factors needs to be re-evaluated to increase the probability of obtaining a supportive construct validity. Thus, the objective of this study is to present the content validity of an EA readiness instrument designed to validate EA readiness factors. This study used the content validity index (CVI) to quantify the relevance of EA readiness factors. To examine the content validity in the judgement stage, professional individual judgement is required. Questionnaires with four-point Likert scale were used for collecting feedback from experts. Item–Content Validation Index (ICVI) was used to check the validity of individual factors and items for MPS with experts' feedback. Seven experts with information system background specifically in EA and having a wide experience on EA implementation were selected to participate in this study. The result showed that all 14 factors and 42 items scored above 0.857, suggesting that the instrument is valid and accepted for further studies.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is vital element for organisation to ensure the viability of the organisation functionality. However, many organisations facing problem in EA implementation due to complexity of the EA frameworks, rigidity of business function and the chaotic IT structure. Various suggestions for better EA implementation in previous studies are yet to be verified by the EA practitioners in real case scenario. Therefore, this paper aims to measure the influential factors in EA implementation process from both experts and practitioners perspectives. This EA implementation model was formulated based on 27 factors from six categories, (IP-Internal Process, LG-Learning and Growth, AS-Authority Support, CS-Cost, TC-Technology and TM-Talent Management) which are gathered from previous studies and case studies of Malaysian Public Sector organisations. To measure this model, survey questionnaire was conducted to both selected EA experts and practitioners with intention to identify any differences between the theoretical and practical aspects in EA implementation. Findings reveal that, there is no significance difference on the level of agreement between the EA experts and practitioners except for three factors which are IP6-Rules and Process, AS5-Political Influence and CS1-Financial Resources. Hence, it can be concluded that both experts and practitioner share the same opinion on the factors that influence the EA implementation process.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is gaining its importance and has become significant agenda in any Information Technology (IT) transformation in most organisation. Despite of many EA frameworks and methodologies available, the implementation of EA is a challenging process. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the process of EA implementation in an organisation and to identify its critical success factors (CSFs). An integrated framework comprising of Configurable Process Model (CPM) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) are used in this study. The findings are categorised into six perspectives which are authority support, internal process, learning and growth, cost, technology and talent management. Based on Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOHM) as a case study, it reveals that every organisation should define and design their own EA solution based on their core business and need. The existence of framework and documentation does not represent the successful EA if it is not being practiced in the organisation. The EA implementation experience and the CSFs discussed in this paper will be valuable guidelines for other EA implementer in other public sector organisation.

This article provides a systematic review of the Enterprise Architecture (EA) adoption model. Firstly, an analysis of the literature discussing the current EA adoption models was undertaken. The EA adoption models were reviewed to identify which adoption phase can be connected. This paper also discusses the limitations of the models. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the review process, 13 articles were reviewed. There are 13 different EA adoption models across the number of adoption phases which were selected from 13 articles. A total of 11 adoption models were designed for the post-adoption phase and applicable for the EA implementation phase and two (2) adoption models were formulated for adoption phase. This SLR reflected that there was relatively little research conducted in the adoption phase. Previous scholars had adopted one or a combination of different underpinning theories in their studies to identify the existing approach and perspective formulating EA adoption model. The finding also revealed the limitation of previous studies such as generalizability and fragmented perspective. Therefore, this review will provide further investigation into the potential development of EA adoption model at an early stage that could provide wide-ranging and rational views of business, information, and technology for the organisation.

This article provides a systematic review of existing research related to the Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture (SoEA) adoption and maturity measurement model. The review's main goals are to support research, to facilitate other researcher's search for relevant studies and to propose areas for future studies within this area. In addition, this article provides useful information on SoEA adoption issues and its related maturity model, based on research-based knowledge. The review results suggest that motives, critical success factors (CSFs), implementation status and benefits are the most frequently studied areas and that each of these areas would benefit from further exposure.

This article provides a systematic review of existing research related to the Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture (SoEA) adoption and maturity measurement model. The review’s main goals are to support research; to facilitate other researchers’ search for relevant studies; and to propose areas for future studies within this area. In addition, this article provides useful information on SoEA adoption issues and its related maturity model, based on research-based knowledge. The review results suggest that motives, critical success factors (CSFs), implementation status, and benefits are the most frequently studied areas, and that each of these areas would benefit from further exposure., {"references":["L. Bastida, A. Berreteaga, and I. Cañadas, \"Adopting Service Oriented Architectures Made Simple,\" Enterprise Interoperability III, pp. 221–232, 2008.","T. Erl, M. L. Taub, K. Hart, J. Mcfarland, and T. Young, SOA Design Patterns, 1st ed. Boston, USA: Prentice Hall, 2009.","E. Niemi and S. Pekkola, \"Enterprise Architecture Quality Attributes: A Case Study,\" 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 3878–3887, Jan. 2013.","M. K. Haki and M. W. Forte, \"Proposal of a service oriented architecture governance model to serve as a practical framework for business-IT Alignment,\" in New Trends in Information Science and Service Science (NISS), 2010 4th International Conference on, 2010, pp. 410–417.","S. Gerić and N. Vrček, \"Prerequisites for successful implementation of Service-Oriented Architecture,\" in Proceedings of the ITI 2009 (ITI'09) 31st International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, 2009, pp. 175–180.","J. H. Lee, H.-J. Shim, and K. K. Kim, \"Critical Success Factors in SOA Implementation: An Exploratory Study,\" Information Systems Management, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 123–145, Apr. 2010.","M. A. Manan and P. Hyland, \"Enterprise SOA Implementation Readiness: a Case Study in Malaysia,\" in 22nd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, 2011.","G. Feuerlicht and S. Govardhan, \"SOA: Trends and Directions,\" Systems Integration, vol. 149, pp. 149–155, 2009.","C. Abrams and R. W. Schulte, \"Service-oriented architecture overview and guide to SOA research,\" G00154463, Stamford: Gartner Research, no. January, 2008.\n[10]\t\tR. Heffner, \"SOA Adoption: Technology Diversity Accelerators,\" Forrester Research, 2008.\n[11]\t\tG. A. Lewis, \"Is SOA Being Pushed Beyond Its Limits ?,\" vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17–23, 2013.\n[12]\t\tC. Okoli and K. Schabram, \"A Guide to Conducting a Systematic Literature Review of Information Systems Research,\" vol. 10, no. 2010. pp. 1–49, 2010.\n[13]\tB. Kitchenham and S. Charters, \"Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering, Version 2.3,\" UK, 2007.\n[14]\tM. Petticrew and H. Roberts, Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences. Blackwell Publishing, 2006.\n[15]\tJ. W. Creswell, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 4/e ed. Pearson, 2012, p. 672.\n[16]\tC. Wohlin, P. Runeson, P. A. da MotaSilveiraNeto, E. Engström, I. do Carmo Machado, E. S. de Almeida, P. A. da M. S. Neto, E. Engström, I. do C. Machado, and E. S. de Almeida, \"On the Reliability of Mapping Studies in Software Engineering,\" Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 2594–2610."]}

Enterprise architecture is very important to the public sector’s IT systems that are developed, organized, scaled up, maintained and strategized. Despite an extensive literature, the research of enterprise architecture is still at the early stage in public the sector and the reason to explain the acceptance, as well as the understanding of the implementation level of EA services still remains unclear. Therefore, this study examines the implementation of EA by measuring the Malaysian public sector’s influence factors of EA. Grounded by the Human-Organization-Technology (HOT-Fit) Model, this study proposes a conceptual framework by decomposing Human characteristics, Organizational characteristics and Technological characteristics as main categories in assessing the identified factors. A total of 92 respondents in the Malaysian public sector participated in this study. Structural Equation Modelling with Partial Least Square is the main statistical technique used in this study. The study has revealed that human characteristics such as knowledge and innovativeness to EA and technological characteristics such as relative advantage and complexity of EA influence its implementation by the Malaysian public sector. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as limitations and future works are also discussed.