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Summary Adventitial progenitor cells, including SCA-1+ and mesenchymal stem cells, are believed to be important in vascular remodeling. It has been shown that SCA-1+ progenitor cells are involved in neointimal hyperplasia of vein grafts, but little is known concerning their involvement in hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. We employed single-cell sequencing technology on primary adventitial mouse SCA-1+ cells from wild-type and atherosclerotic-prone (ApoE-deficient) mice and found that a group of genes controlling cell migration and matrix protein degradation was highly altered. Adventitial progenitors from ApoE-deficient mice displayed an augmented migratory potential both in vitro and in vivo. This increased migratory ability was mimicked by lipid loading to SCA-1+ cells. Furthermore, we show that lipid loading increased miRNA-29b expression and induced sirtuin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels to promote cell migration. These results provide direct evidence that blood cholesterol levels influence vascular progenitor cell function, which could be a potential target cell for treatment of vascular disease., Highlights • Hyperlipidemia affects migration of AdvSca-1+ cells • AdvSca-1+ ApoE KO cells show altered matrix of proteins • Decorin ameliorates extensive migration of AdvSca-1+ cells toward the neointima • MicroRNA-29 interferes with AdvSca-1+ migration via SIRT-1 and MMP-9, In this article, Xu and colleagues show that hyperlipidemia may confer to neointimal formation by extensive mobilization of adventitial progenitors. Using the ApoE KO murine model, they show that increased cholesterol levels augment adventitia progenitor migration, both in vitro and in vivo, through a modified matrix of proteins. Migratory capability could be ameliorated through mechanisms involving collagen formation and microRNA inhibition.

OBJECTIVE: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a vital role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, most studies ascribed the function of PVAT in vascular remodeling to adipokines secreted by the perivascular adipocytes. Whether mesenchymal stem cells exist in PVAT and play a role in vascular regeneration remain unknown. Approach and Results: Single-cell RNA-sequencing allowed direct visualization of the heterogeneous PVAT-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PV-ADSCs) at a high resolution and revealed 2 distinct subpopulations, among which one featured signaling pathways crucial for smooth muscle differentiation. Pseudotime analysis of cultured PV-ADSCs unraveled their smooth muscle differentiation trajectory. Transplantation of cultured PV-ADSCs in mouse vein graft model suggested the contribution of PV-ADSCs to vascular remodeling through smooth muscle differentiation. Mechanistically, treatment with TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) and transfection of microRNA (miR)-378a-3p mimics induced a similar metabolic reprogramming of PV-ADSCs, including upregulated mitochondrial potential and altered lipid levels, such as increased cholesterol and promoted smooth muscle differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Single-cell RNA-sequencing allows direct visualization of PV-ADSC heterogeneity at a single-cell level and uncovers 2 subpopulations with distinct signature genes and signaling pathways. The function of PVAT in vascular regeneration is partly attributed to PV-ADSCs and their differentiation towards smooth muscle lineage. Mechanistic study presents miR-378a-3p which is a potent regulator of metabolic reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target for vascular regeneration.

Rationale: Transplantation-accelerated arteriosclerosis is one of the major challenges for long-term survival of patients with solid organ transplantation. Although stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) have been implicated to participate in this process, the cells of origin and underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined.Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the role of c-Kit+ SPCs in allograft-induced neointima formation, and to explore the mechanisms underlying this process.Method and Results: Using an inducible lineage tracing mouse model, we performed allograft transplantation between different donor and recipient mice, as well as bone marrow transplantation experiments, demonstrating that c-Kit+ cells are progenitors of neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and contribute to neointima formation in an allograft transplantation model. c-Kit-derived SMCsoriginate from non-bone marrow tissues of recipient mice, but not donor mice, while bone marrowderived c-Kit+ cells mainly generate CD45+ leucocytes. ACK2, which specifically binds and blocks c-Kit function, ameliorates allograft-induced arteriosclerosis. Stem cell factor (SCF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were significantly increased in blood and neointimal lesions afterallograft transplantation, by which SCF facilitated c-Kit+ SPC migration through the SCF/c-Kit axis and downstream activation of small GTPases, MEK/ERK/MLC and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways, while TGF-β1 induces c-Kit+ SPC differentiation into SMCs via hexokinase1-dependent metabolicreprogramming and a possible downstream O-GlcNAcylation of myocardin and serum response factor.Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that recipient non-bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ SPCs partially contribute to vascular remodeling in an allograft transplantation model, in which the SCF/c-Kit axis is responsible for stem cell migration and hexokinase1-dependent metabolic reprogramming for SMC differentiation.

The report is an outcome of the project "Polish immigrant organizations" founded by the National Science Centre [grant number 2014/14/E/HS6/00731]. The proposed project was aimed at assessing and identifying factors contributing to the current status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain). The project envisioned two tracks of research: 1. Diagnostic research designed to assess the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries. 2. Explanatory research designed to identify factors affecting the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries.

The report is an outcome of the project "Polish immigrant organizations" founded by the National Science Centre [grant number 2014/14/E/HS6/00731]. The proposed project was aimed at assessing and identifying factors contributing to the current status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain). The project envisioned two tracks of research: 1. Diagnostic research designed to assess the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries. 2. Explanatory research designed to identify factors affecting the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries.

The report is an outcome of the project "Polish immigrant organizations" founded by the National Science Centre [grant number 2014/14/E/HS6/00731]. The proposed project was aimed at assessing and identifying factors contributing to the current status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain). The project envisioned two tracks of research: 1. Diagnostic research designed to assess the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries. 2. Explanatory research designed to identify factors affecting the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries.

The report is an outcome of the project "Polish immigrant organizations" founded by the National Science Centre [grant number 2014/14/E/HS6/00731]. The proposed project was aimed at assessing and identifying factors contributing to the current status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain). The project envisioned two tracks of research: 1. Diagnostic research designed to assess the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries. 2. Explanatory research designed to identify factors affecting the status of Polish immigrant organizations in selected European countries.

This paper examines the relations between immigrant organizations and the institutions of their state of origin as well as the influence of those relations on situation of such organizations. It focuses specifcally on the case of Poland over the period 1989-2015 in which signifcant changes with regards to diaspora policy were introduced. In other words, a shift from a model based on capacity building policies to a model focused on extracting obligations from the diaspora has taken place. These changes have had considerable impact on the role and capacity of Polish immigrant organizations as well as their relations with the Polish state.

Niniejszy tom jest zbiorem artykułów dotyczących różnych form organizacyjnego działania oraz instytucji społecznych działanie to regulujących. Bezpośrednią inspiracją dla jego powstania była trzykrotnie wznawiana praca W. Richarda Scotta Institutions and Organizations (2008). Jest to jednak tylko (i aż) inspiracja i nie ograniczamy się do jego rozumienia organizacji i instytucji, prezentując na przykład rozważania odrzucające konwencjonalną teorię organizacji i skupiające się na organizowaniu jako praktyce społecznej. Tytuł tomu „Pomiędzy i wewnątrz” podkreśla sprzężenie zwrotne między zjawiskami zachodzącymi pomiędzy organizacjami (w polach organizacyjnych), a zjawiskami zachodzącymi – na tak rozumianym poziomie mikro – czyli wewnątrz organizacji. Są to dwa poziomy analizy i często badacze koncentrują się bardziej na jednym z nich, jednak naszym zdaniem zrozumienie rzeczywistości organizacyjnej bez ich wzajemnego i ciągłego odnoszenia nie jest możliwe. Podtytuł tomu brzmiący „Instytucje, organizacje i ich działania” podkreśla wspomnianą konieczność badania organizacji w odniesieniu do dwóch centralnych dla socjologii kategorii: instytucji społecznej i działania. W książce tej analizie poddane są działania aktorów indywidualnych wobec i w obrębie organizacji oraz działania aktorów organizacyjnych faktycznie będące zawsze działaniami jednostek w imieniu organizacji. Uniwersytet Warszawski (środki na badania statutowe MSzWiN) Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne Narodowe Centrum Nauki Mikołaj Pawlak

Współczesny odbiorca sztuki znajduje się w niespotykanej wcześniej sytuacji, a jego status trudno jednoznacznie określić. Z jednej strony,bywa lekceważony,staje się przedmiotem ataków i manipulacji,z drugiej zaś-podkreśla się jego podmiotowość. Wzajemne relacje elementów triady artysta-dzieło-odbiorca podlegają ciągłym i trudnym do przewidzenia zmianom. Wyrazem tego procesu może być to,że artyści,kuratorzy i krytycy będący aktywnie zaangażowani w kreowanie obrazu sztuki są,co często bywa pomijane,jednocześnie jej istotnymi odbiorcami.Czy w takiej rzeczywistości można mówić o wyłanianiu się nowego schematu, z którego odbiorca niezwiązany ze światem sztuki jest wykluczony? Monografia "Co z tym odbiorcą? Wokół zagadnienia odbioru sztuki" stanowi próbę interdyscyplinarnej refleksji nad postawionym w tytule pytaniem. Przedstawia analizy procesów zachodzących współcześnie wokół zjawiska odbioru sztuki,przyglądając mu się z perspektywy socjologii,historii sztuki,kulturoznawstwa,estetyki.

Wards of court accused and charged in criminal proceedings may seek assistance o f their actual, as well as legal, guardian. The legal grounds upon which those two guardians may act differ. The legal guardian acts on the basis o f the norms contained in the code o f criminal procedure and the family and guardianship code and the code o f civil procedure, while the legal grounds binding the actual guardian, are those contained only in the code o f criminal procedure. The activities o f both guardians should attempt to achieve a more effective right to execute the defence line adopted for the ward accused of a crime. In order to ascertain whether the proceedings undertaken by the guardians are really in the best interest o f ward, tried on indictment, the criteria assessing the proceedings taken by the attorney for the defence should be revoked. Both the legal and the actual guardian are empowered to perform such activities, whose compliance with the best interest o f the accused person could be assessed in concreto, i.e. for example, a request filed for a punishment, or proceedings having an impact on the property of the accused person, such as adjudicating the recognition o f the adhesive claim or conclusion of a court settlement. It should be added that the criminal court has the supervisory function, allowing it to verify whether the activities undertaken by the legal and actual guardians of an incapacitated person in wardship are compatible with the relevant provisions. Further, there is also a custodian court that performs a supervisory function as well.