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53. Water Planetary and Cometary Atmospheres: H2O/HDO Transmittance and Fluorescence Models

Author

Villanueva, G. L, Mumma, M. J, Bonev, B. P, Novak, R. E, Barber, R. J, and DiSanti, M. A

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We developed a modern methodology to retrieve water (H2O) and deuterated water (HDO) in planetary and cometary atmospheres, and constructed an accurate spectral database that combines theoretical and empirical results. Based on a greatly expanded set of spectroscopic parameters, we built a full non-resonance cascade fluorescence model and computed fluorescence efficiencies for H2O (500 million lines) and HDO (700 million lines). The new line list was also integrated into an advanced terrestrial radiative transfer code (LBLRTM) and adapted to the CO2 rich atmosphere of Mars, for which we adopted the complex Robert-Bonamy formalism for line shapes. We then retrieved water and D/H in the atmospheres of Mars, comet C/2007 WI, and Earth by applying the new formalism to spectra obtained with the high-resolution spectrograph NIRSPEC/Keck II atop Mauna Kea (Hawaii). The new model accurately describes the complex morphology of the water bands and greatly increases the accuracy of the retrieved abundances (and the D/H ratio in water) with respect to previously available models. The new model provides improved agreement of predicted and measured intensities for many H2O lines already identified in comets, and it identifies several unassigned cometary emission lines as new emission lines of H2O. The improved spectral accuracy permits retrieval of more accurate rotational temperatures and production rates for cometary water.

Published
2012

56. Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Author

Novak, R., Henriques, B., Charpentier, E., Normark, S., and Tuomanen, E.

Subjects
Drug resistance -- Research, Antibiotics -- Research, Vancomycin -- Research, Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the common cause of sepsis in meningitis, and there are many multiple-antibiotic resistant strains. Emergence of antibiotic vancomycin resistance would be disastrous. The loss of function of the VncS histidine kinase of a sensor regulator system in S. pneumoniae was found to produce tolerance to vancomycin and other antibiotics. The results show that signal transduction is essential for the bactericidal activity of antibiotics. Experimental meningitis caused by the vncS mutant did not respond to vancomycin.

Published
1999

57. Water in Planetary and Cometary Atmospheres: H2O/HDO Transmittance and Fluorescence Models

Author

Villanueva, G. L, Mumma, M. J, Bonev, B. P, Novak, R. E, Barber, R. J, and DiSanti, M. A

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

We developed a modern methodology to retrieve water (H2O) and deuterated water (HDO) in planetary and cometary atmospheres, and constructed an accurate spectral database that combines theoretical and empirical results. On the basis of a greatly expanded set of spectroscopic parameters, we built a full non-resonance cascade fluorescence model and computed fluorescence efficiencies for H2O (500 million lines) and HDO (700 million lines). The new line list was also integrated into an advanced terrestrial radiative transfer code (LBLRTM) and adapted to the CO2 rich atmosphere of Mars, for which we adopted the complex Robert-Bonamy formalism for line shapes. We retrieved water and D/H in the atmospheres of Mars, comet C/2007 W1 (Boattini), and Earth by applying the new formalism to spectra obtained with the high-resolution spectrograph NIRSPEC/Keck II atop Mauna Kea (Hawaii). The new model accurately describes the complex morphology of the water bands and greatly increases the accuracy of the retrieved abundances (and the D/H ratio in water) with respect to previously available models. The new model provides improved agreement of predicted and measured intensities for many H2O lines already identified in comets, and it identifies several unassigned cometary emission lines as new emission lines of H2O. The improved spectral accuracy permits retrieval of more accurate rotational temperatures and production rates for cometary water.

Published
2011
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63. Measurement of the Isotopic Signatures of Water on Mars: Implications for Studying Methane

Author

Novak, R. E, Mumma, M. J, and Villanueva, G. L

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

The recent discovery of methane on Mars has led to much discussion concerning its origin. On Earth, the isotopic signatures of methane vary with the nature of its production. Specifically, the ratios among 12CH4, 13CH4, and 12CH3D differ for biotic and abiotic origins. On Mars, measuring these ratios would provide insights into the origins of methane and measurements of water isotopologues co-released with methane would assist in testing their chemical relationship. Since 1997, we have been measuring HDO and H2O in Mars atmosphere and comparing their ratio to that in Earth s oceans. We recently incorporated a line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) into our analysis. Here, we present a map for [HDO]/[H2O] along the central meridian (1541W) for Ls 501. From these results, we constructed models to determine the observational conditions needed to quantify the isotopic ratios of methane in Mars atmosphere. Current ground-based instruments lack the spectral resolution and sensitivity needed to make these measurements. Measurements of the isotopologues of methane will likely require in situ sampling.

Published
2010
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67. Quantitative prediction of human pharmacokinetic responses to drugs via fluidically coupled vascularized organ chips

Author

Herland, Anna, Maoz, B. M., Das, D., Somayaji, M. R., Prantil-Baun, R., Novak, R., Cronce, M., Huffstater, T., Jeanty, S. S. F., Ingram, M., Chalkiadaki, A., Benson Chou, D., Marquez, S., Delahanty, A., Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Milton, Y., Sontheimer-Phelps, A., Swenor, B., Levy, O., Parker, K. K., Przekwas, A., Ingber, Donald, Herland, Anna, Maoz, B. M., Das, D., Somayaji, M. R., Prantil-Baun, R., Novak, R., Cronce, M., Huffstater, T., Jeanty, S. S. F., Ingram, M., Chalkiadaki, A., Benson Chou, D., Marquez, S., Delahanty, A., Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Milton, Y., Sontheimer-Phelps, A., Swenor, B., Levy, O., Parker, K. K., Przekwas, A., and Ingber, Donald

Abstract

Analyses of drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) performed in animals are often not predictive of drug PKs and PDs in humans, and in vitro PK and PD modelling does not provide quantitative PK parameters. Here, we show that physiological PK modelling of first-pass drug absorption, metabolism and excretion in humans—using computationally scaled data from multiple fluidically linked two-channel organ chips—predicts PK parameters for orally administered nicotine (using gut, liver and kidney chips) and for intravenously injected cisplatin (using coupled bone marrow, liver and kidney chips). The chips are linked through sequential robotic liquid transfers of a common blood substitute by their endothelium-lined channels (as reported by Novak et al. in an associated Article) and share an arteriovenous fluid-mixing reservoir. We also show that predictions of cisplatin PDs match previously reported patient data. The quantitative in-vitro-to-in-vivo translation of PK and PD parameters and the prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity through fluidically coupled organ chips may improve the design of drug-administration regimens for phase-I clinical trials., QC 20200322

Published
2020
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68. Robotic fluidic coupling and interrogation of multiple vascularized organ chips

Author

Novak, R., Ingram, M., Marquez, S., Das, D., Delahanty, A., Herland, Anna, Maoz, B. M., Jeanty, S. S. F., Somayaji, M. R., Burt, M., Calamari, E., Chalkiadaki, A., Cho, A., Choe, Y., Chou, D. B., Cronce, M., Dauth, S., Divic, T., Fernandez-Alcon, J., Ferrante, T., Ferrier, J., FitzGerald, E. A., Fleming, R., Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Grevesse, T., Goss, J. A., Hamkins-Indik, T., Henry, O., Hinojosa, C., Huffstater, T., Jang, K. -J, Kujala, V., Leng, L., Mannix, R., Milton, Y., Nawroth, J., Nestor, B. A., Ng, C. F., O’Connor, B., Park, T. -E, Sanchez, H., Sliz, J., Sontheimer-Phelps, A., Swenor, B., Thompson, G. , I I, Touloumes, G. J., Tranchemontagne, Z., Wen, N., Yadid, M., Bahinski, A., Hamilton, G. A., Levner, D., Levy, O., Przekwas, A., Prantil-Baun, R., Parker, K. K., Ingber, D. E., Novak, R., Ingram, M., Marquez, S., Das, D., Delahanty, A., Herland, Anna, Maoz, B. M., Jeanty, S. S. F., Somayaji, M. R., Burt, M., Calamari, E., Chalkiadaki, A., Cho, A., Choe, Y., Chou, D. B., Cronce, M., Dauth, S., Divic, T., Fernandez-Alcon, J., Ferrante, T., Ferrier, J., FitzGerald, E. A., Fleming, R., Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Grevesse, T., Goss, J. A., Hamkins-Indik, T., Henry, O., Hinojosa, C., Huffstater, T., Jang, K. -J, Kujala, V., Leng, L., Mannix, R., Milton, Y., Nawroth, J., Nestor, B. A., Ng, C. F., O’Connor, B., Park, T. -E, Sanchez, H., Sliz, J., Sontheimer-Phelps, A., Swenor, B., Thompson, G. , I I, Touloumes, G. J., Tranchemontagne, Z., Wen, N., Yadid, M., Bahinski, A., Hamilton, G. A., Levner, D., Levy, O., Przekwas, A., Prantil-Baun, R., Parker, K. K., and Ingber, D. E.

Abstract

Organ chips can recapitulate organ-level (patho)physiology, yet pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses require multi-organ systems linked by vascular perfusion. Here, we describe an ‘interrogator’ that employs liquid-handling robotics, custom software and an integrated mobile microscope for the automated culture, perfusion, medium addition, fluidic linking, sample collection and in situ microscopy imaging of up to ten organ chips inside a standard tissue-culture incubator. The robotic interrogator maintained the viability and organ-specific functions of eight vascularized, two-channel organ chips (intestine, liver, kidney, heart, lung, skin, blood–brain barrier and brain) for 3 weeks in culture when intermittently fluidically coupled via a common blood substitute through their reservoirs of medium and endothelium-lined vascular channels. We used the robotic interrogator and a physiological multicompartmental reduced-order model of the experimental system to quantitatively predict the distribution of an inulin tracer perfused through the multi-organ human-body-on-chips. The automated culture system enables the imaging of cells in the organ chips and the repeated sampling of both the vascular and interstitial compartments without compromising fluidic coupling., QC 20200402

Published
2020
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69. Teaching in the Age of Covid-19

Author

Jandrić, P, Hayes, D, Truelove, I, Levinson, P, Mayo, P, Ryberg, T, Monzó, LD, Allen, Q, Stewart, PA, Carr, PR, Jackson, L, Bridges, S, Escaño, C, Grauslund, D, Mañero, J, Lukoko, HO, Bryant, P, Fuentes-Martinez, A, Gibbons, A, Sturm, S, Rose, J, Chuma, MM, Biličić, E, Pfohl, S, Gustafsson, U, Arantes, JA, Ford, DR, Kihwele, JE, Mozelius, P, Suoranta, J, Jurjević, L, Jurčević, M, Steketee, A, Irwin, J, White, EJ, Davidsen, J, Jaldemark, J, Abegglen, S, Burns, T, Sinfield, S, Kirylo, JD, Kokić, IB, Stewart, GT, Rikowski, G, Christensen, LL, Arndt, S, Pyyhtinen, O, Reitz, C, Lodahl, M, Humble, N, Buchanan, R, Forster, DJ, Kishore, P, Ozoliņš, JJ, Sharma, N, Urvashi, S, Nejad, HG, Hood, N, Tesar, M, Wang, Y, Wright, J, Brown, JB, Prinsloo, P, Kaur, K, Mukherjee, M, Novak, R, Shukla, R, Hollings, S, Konnerup, U, Mallya, M, Olorundare, A, Achieng-Evensen, C, Philip, AP, Hazzan, MK, Stockbridge, K, Komolafe, BF, Bolanle, OF, Hogan, M, Redder, B, Sattarzadeh, SD, Jopling, M, SooHoo, S, Devine, N, Hayes, S, Jandrić, P, Hayes, D, Truelove, I, Levinson, P, Mayo, P, Ryberg, T, Monzó, LD, Allen, Q, Stewart, PA, Carr, PR, Jackson, L, Bridges, S, Escaño, C, Grauslund, D, Mañero, J, Lukoko, HO, Bryant, P, Fuentes-Martinez, A, Gibbons, A, Sturm, S, Rose, J, Chuma, MM, Biličić, E, Pfohl, S, Gustafsson, U, Arantes, JA, Ford, DR, Kihwele, JE, Mozelius, P, Suoranta, J, Jurjević, L, Jurčević, M, Steketee, A, Irwin, J, White, EJ, Davidsen, J, Jaldemark, J, Abegglen, S, Burns, T, Sinfield, S, Kirylo, JD, Kokić, IB, Stewart, GT, Rikowski, G, Christensen, LL, Arndt, S, Pyyhtinen, O, Reitz, C, Lodahl, M, Humble, N, Buchanan, R, Forster, DJ, Kishore, P, Ozoliņš, JJ, Sharma, N, Urvashi, S, Nejad, HG, Hood, N, Tesar, M, Wang, Y, Wright, J, Brown, JB, Prinsloo, P, Kaur, K, Mukherjee, M, Novak, R, Shukla, R, Hollings, S, Konnerup, U, Mallya, M, Olorundare, A, Achieng-Evensen, C, Philip, AP, Hazzan, MK, Stockbridge, K, Komolafe, BF, Bolanle, OF, Hogan, M, Redder, B, Sattarzadeh, SD, Jopling, M, SooHoo, S, Devine, N, and Hayes, S

Published
2020

75. Seasonal/Diurnal Mapping of Ozone and Water in the Martian Atmosphere

Author

Novak, R. E, Mumma, M. J, DiSanti, M. A, DelloRusso, N, Magee-Sauer, K, and Bonev, B

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Ozone and water are key species for understanding the stability and evolution of Mars atmosphere; they are closely linked (along with CO, H, OH, and O) through photochemistry. Photolysis of water produces the OH radical (thought to catalyze reformation of CO2 from CO and O2) and atomic hydrogen (which reacts with O3 forming OH and O2). Atomic hydrogen also reacts with O2 (forming HO2), thereby reducing the amount of O2 available to reform O3 from collisions between O and O2. Hence ozone and water should be anti-correlated on Mars. Photolysis of O3 produces O2(a(sup 1) delta g) with 90% efficiency, and the resulting emission band system near 1.27 mm traces the presence and abundance of ozone. This approach was initially used to study ozone on Earth and then applied to Mars. In 1997, we measured several lines of the O2(a(sup 1) delta g) emission using CSHELL at the NASA IRTF; the O2(a(sup 1) delta g) state is also quenched by collisions with CO2. This quenching dominates at lower altitudes so that the detected emissions are used to detect ozone column densities above ~20 km. The slit was positioned N-S along Mars' central meridian resulting in a one-dimensional map of ozone. Nearly simultaneous maps may be made of water using CSHELL by detecting the v1 fundamental band of HDO near 3.67 microns and using the D/H ratio for Mars. This technique was used by DiSanti and Mumma. With CSHELL, measurements for both O2(a(sup 1) delta g) emissions and HDO absorptions can be made during the day or night. Since January, 1997, we have repeated these measurements at different times during the Martian year. For all of these dates, we have positioned the slit N-S along the central meridian; for some of these dates, we have also stepped the slit across the planet at 1 arc-sec intervals generating a 2-dimensional map. We have also positioned the slit E-W on Mars thus providing diurnal variations of ozone and water along the slit.

Published
2003

77. Global climate and development hotspots assessment: Asia under pressure

Author

Byers, E., Parkinson, S., Balkovic, J., Burek, P., Ebi, K., Gidden, M., Grey, D., Greve, P., Havlik, P., Hillers, A., Johnson, N., Kahil, T., Krey, V., Langan, S., Leclere, D., Nakicenovic, N., Novak, R., Obersteiner, M., Pachauri, S., Palazzo, A., Rao, N., Rogelj, J., Satoh, Y., Wada, Y., Willaarts, B., and Riahi, K.

Published
2018

78. NOMAD, an Integrated Suite of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars Trace Gas Mission: Technical Description, Science Objectives and Expected Performance

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, S., Thomas, Ian R., Wilquet, V., Allen, M., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, F., Aoki, Shohei, Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Depiesse, C., Drummond, R., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, Bernd, González-Galindo, F., Geminale, A., Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, M., Hetey, L., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Leese, M., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S. R., López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, M. A., Mahieux, A., Mason, J., McConnell, J., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Neefs, E., Renotte, E., Rodriguez-Gomez, J., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Stiepen, A., Trokhimovsky, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Willame, Y., Wolff, Michael T., Patel, M., D’aversa, E., Fussen, D., García Comas, Maia, Hewson, W., McConnel, J., Novak, R., Oliva, F., Piccialli, A., Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz, Barzin, P., BenMoussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G. P., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., De-Lanoye, S., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, S., Gomez, A., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, Rafael, Orban, A., Pastor, Carmen, Perez-Grande, I., Queirolo, C., Saggin, B., Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz Mesa, Rosario, Simar, J.-F., Thibert, T., Jerónimo, José María, The NOMAD Team, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad 'Ignacio Da Riva' (IDR), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Tohoku University [Sendai], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), York University [Toronto], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Catholic University of America, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar occultation, education, Physique atomique et moléculaire, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, law.invention, Orbiter, Mars atmosphere, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nadir, Chimie, natural sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ultraviolet, Martian, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dust, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Nadir observations, ExoMars, Trace gas, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Spectroscopie [électromagnétisme, optique, acoustique], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Visible, Environmental science, Infrared, Methane, Composition
Abstract

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), The NOMAD (“Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery”) spectrometer suite on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has been designed to investigate the composition of Mars’ atmosphere, with a particular focus on trace gases, clouds and dust. The detection sensitivity for trace gases is considerably improved compared to previous Mars missions, compliant with the science objectives of the TGO mission. This will allow for a major leap in our knowledge and understanding of the Martian atmospheric composition and the related physical and chemical processes. The instrument is a combination of three spectrometers, covering a spectral range from the UV to the mid-IR, and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this paper, we present the science objectives of the instrument and explain the technical principles of the three spectrometers. We also discuss the expected performance of the instrument in terms of spatial and temporal coverage and detection sensitivity.© 2018, The Author(s)., The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grant ESP2015-65064-C2-1-P (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by UK Space Agency through grants ST/R005761/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/R001405/1 and ST/R001405/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. The research was performed as part of the >Excellence of Science> project >Evolution and Tracers of Habitability on Mars and the Earth> (30442502). SA acknowledge support from the FNRS, Be.

Published
2018
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79. Analiza patomorfoloških, patofizioloških i kliničkih karakteristika stenozantno-okluzivne i aneurizmatske bolesti infrarenalnog dijela aorte

Author

Vasić, Novak R., Maksimović, Živan, Davidović, Lazar, Kostić, Dušan, and Tomić, Aleksandar

Subjects
aneurizmatska bolest aorte, abdominal aortic aneurysm, matriks metaloproteinaze, stenozantno – okluzivna bolest aorte, matrix metalloproteinases, ateroskleroza, atherosclerosis, steno-occlusive aortic disease
Abstract

Stenozantno-okluzivne promjene na aortoilijačnom segmentu (SOBA) uglavnom nastaju kao posljedica degenerativnih i inflamatornih aterosklerotskih promjena na zidu krvnog suda. U zadnje vrijeme sve je veći broj dokaza o inflamatornoj komponenti aterogeneze (Mulenix 2005; Zhongzhi, 2017). Aneurizmatska bolest aorte (ANBA) je lokalizovano trajno proširenje aorte čiji je dijametar bar 50% veći od normalnog promjera. ANBA je nedovojlno jasne etiologije. Opisani su najčešći uzroci: poremećaji vezivnog tkiva (Ehlers-Danlosov sindrom, Marfanov sindrom), degenerativni procesi, infekcija, inflamatorni arteritisi, disekcija itd (Davidović 2015; Humphrey 2012). Iako ima dosta podataka o značaju genetskih faktora koji determinišu i aterosklerozu i aneurizmatsku bolest, sve više je radova o značaju metaloproteinaza (Shapiro 1999) za nastanak i komplikacije ANBA. CILJ RADA: Cilj rada je da se uporede imunohistohemijski parametri, patomorfološke osobenosti, klinička slika i način liječenja bolesnika sa ANBA i obolelih od SOBA radi bolje determincije ova dva patološka stanja infrarenalnog segmenta abdominalne aorte MATERIJAL I METODE: Sprovedene su dvije studije: retrospektivna (72 bolesnika sa ANBA i 59 bolesnika sa SOBA) i prospektivna (30 ANBA i 30 SOBA bolesnika) u UKC RS Banjaluka (Klinika za vaskularnu hirurgiju) u periodu od 3 godine (1. 4. 2010 - 1. 4. 2013) . Retrospektivnom studijom su ispitivane demografske karakteristike (distribucija bolesnika po polu, životnom dobu), anamnestički podaci (klaudikacije, bolovi), faktori rizika i štetne navike (pušenje, alkoholizam), prateća oboljenja, laboratorijski nalazi (lipidni status), objektivni klinički nalaz pulsni status) , dopler indeksi i EHO ultrazvučni nalaz aorte, angiografija, metode hirurškog liječenja i rezultati neposrednog ishoda liječenja po ispitivanim grupama (ANBA i SOBA). Prospektivnom studijom su praćeni klinički (distribucija bolesnika po polu, životnoj dobi, kliničkoj slici, pulsnom statusu, dopler indeksima, kolor dupleks skenu aorte, angiografskom nalazu, diabetes mellitusu, hipertenziji, hiperlipidemiji, pušenju, alkoholizmu, sesilnom načinu života, hroničnoj opstruktivnoj bolesti pluća, hroničnoj renalnoj insuficijenciji, koronarnoj bolesti, cerebrovaskualrnim bolestima i vrsti operativnog zbrinjavanja) , laboratorijski (vrijednosti C-reaktivnog proteina, fibrinogena, homocisteina α 1 antitripsina), histološki (isječci zida infrarenalne aorte bojeni hemotoksilin-eozin i detektovani kristali holesterola, kalcifikacija, inflamatornog infiltrata) i imunohistohemijski parametri (koncentracije metaloproteinaza 2 i 9 (MMP-2 i MMP-9) i tkivnih inhibitora metaloproteinaza 2 i 9 (TIMP 1, TIMP 2) na 5 μm isječcima zida abdominalne aorte složenom tehnikom reakcije antigena i monoklonskih antitijela) kod bolesnika sa ANBA i SOBA... Steno-occlusive changes in the aortoilliac segment (AIOD) mainly occur due to degenerative and inflammatory atherosclerotic changes on the blood vessel wall. Lately, there has been increasing evidence suggesting the inflammatory component of atherogenesis (Mulenix 2005; Zhongzhi, 2017). Aneurysmatic aortic disease (AAA) is a localized permanent enlargement of the aorta whose diameter is at least 50% greater than the normal diameter. AAA does not have an undeniably clear etiology. The most common causes are: connective tissue disorders (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome), degenerative processes, infections, inflammatory arteritis, dissection, etc. (Davidović 2015; Humphrey 2012). Although there is substantial data about the significance of genetic factors that determine both atherosclerosis and aneurysmal disease, more and more papers focus on the importance of metalloproteinases (Shapiro 1999) for the onset and complications of AAA. AIM OF WORK: The aim of the paper is to compare the immunohistochemical parameters, the pathomorphological characteristics, the clinical presentation, and the method of treating the patients with AAA and patients with AIOD, for better determination of these two pathological conditions of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two studies were carried out: retrospective (72 patients with AAA and 59 patients with AIOD) and prospective (30 AAA and 30 AIOD patients) in UKC RS Banja Luka (Department of Vascular Surgery) for a period of 3 years (1.4 2010 - 1. 4. 2013). The retrospective study examined the demographic characteristics (distribution of patients by gender, age), anamnestic data (claudication, pain), risk factors and harmful habits (smoking, alcoholism), accompanying comorbidities, laboratory findings (lipid profile), objective clinical finding (pulse status), Doppler indexes and ECHO ultrasound findings of the aorta, angiography, methods of surgical treatment and results of immediate outcome of treatment by examined groups (AAA and AIOD)...

Published
2018

81. Control of the magnetic vortex chirality in Permalloy nanowires with asymmetric notches.

Author

Brandão, J., Novak, R. L., Lozano, H., Soledade, P. R., Mello, A., Garcia, F., and Sampaio, L. C.

Subjects
NANOWIRES, ALLOYS, CHIRALITY, KERR electro-optical effect, DOMAIN walls (Ferromagnetism), MICROMAGNETICS
Abstract

We have investigated the motion of vortex domain walls passing across non symmetric triangular notches in single Permalloy nanowires. We have measured hysteresis cycles using the focused magneto-optical Kerr effect before and beyond the notch, which allowed to probe beyond the notch the occurrence probability of clockwise (CW) and counter-CW (CCW) walls in tail-to-tail (TT) and head-to-head (HH) configurations. We present experimental evidence of chirality flipping provided by the vortex-notch interaction. With a low exit angle, the probability of chirality flipping increases and here with the lowest angle of 15°, the probability of propagation of the energetically favored domain wall configuration (CCW for TT or CW for HH walls) is ≈75%. Micromagnetic simulations reveal details of the chirality reversal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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82. Co-designing Indus Water-Energy-Land Futures

Author

Wada, Y., Vinca, A., Parkinson, S., Willaarts, B., Magnuszewski, P., Mochizuki, J., Mayor, B., Wang, Y., Burek, P., Byers, E., Riahi, K., Krey, V., Langan, S., van Dijk, M., Grey, D., Hillers, A., Novak, R., Mukherjee, A., Bhattacharya, A., Bhardwaj, S., Romshoo, S., Thambi, S., Muhammad, A., Ilyas, A., Khan, A., Lashari, B., Mahar, R., Ghulam, R., Siddiqi, A., Wescoat, J., Yogeswara, N., Ashrad, A., Sidhu, B., Wada, Y., Vinca, A., Parkinson, S., Willaarts, B., Magnuszewski, P., Mochizuki, J., Mayor, B., Wang, Y., Burek, P., Byers, E., Riahi, K., Krey, V., Langan, S., van Dijk, M., Grey, D., Hillers, A., Novak, R., Mukherjee, A., Bhattacharya, A., Bhardwaj, S., Romshoo, S., Thambi, S., Muhammad, A., Ilyas, A., Khan, A., Lashari, B., Mahar, R., Ghulam, R., Siddiqi, A., Wescoat, J., Yogeswara, N., Ashrad, A., and Sidhu, B.

Abstract

The Indus River Basin covers an area of around 1 million square kilometers and connects four countries: Afghanistan, China, India, and Pakistan. More than 300 million people depend to some extent on the basin’s water, yet a growing population, increasing food and energy demands, climate change, and shifting monsoon patterns are exerting increasing pressure. Under these pressures, a “business as usual” (BAU) approach is no longer sustainable, and decision makers and wider stakeholders are calling for more integrated and inclusive development pathways that are in line with achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we propose an integrated nexus modeling framework co-designed with regional stakeholders from the four riparian countries of the Indus River Basin and discuss challenges and opportunities for developing transformation pathways for the basin’s future.

Published
2019

85. Process, properties and environmental response of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

Author

Novak, R. C

Subjects
Nonmetallic Materials
Abstract

Experimental results are shown which demonstrate that the properties of plasma sprayed fully stabilized zirconia are strongly influenced by the process parameters. Properties of the coatings in the as-sprayed condition are shown to be additionally influenced by environmental exposure. This behavior is dependent on raw material considerations and processing conditions as well as exposure time and temperature. Process control methodology is described which can take into consideration these complex interactions and help to produce thermal barrier coatings in a cost effective way while meeting coating technical requirements.

Published
1995

86. NOMAD, an Integrated Suite of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars Trace Gas Mission: Technical Description, Science Objectives and Expected Performance

Author

Vandaele, A. C., López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, M. R., Bellucci, G., Daerden, F., Ristic, B., Robert, S., Thomas, I. R., Wilquet, V., Allen, M., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, F., Aoki, S., Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Depiesse, C., Drummond, R., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, Bernd, González-Galindo, F., Geminale, A., Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, M., Hetey, L., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Leese, M., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S. R., López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, M. A., Mahieux, A., Mason, J., McConnell, J., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Neefs, E., Renotte, E., Rodriguez-Gomez, J., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Stiepen, A., Trokhimovsky, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, G., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Willame, Y., Wolff, Michael T., Patel, M., D’aversa, E., Fussen, D., García Comas, Maia, Hewson, W., McConnel, J., Novak, R., Oliva, F., Piccialli, A., Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz, Barzin, P., BenMoussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G. P., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., De-Lanoye, S., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, S., Gomez, A., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, Rafael, Orban, A., Pastor, Carmen, Perez-Grande, I., Queirolo, C., Saggin, B., Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz Mesa, Rosario, Simar, J.-F., Thibert, T., Jerónimo, José María, The NOMAD Team, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles)

Subjects
Mars atmosphere, Solar occultation, Visible, Dust, Infrared, Methane, ExoMars, Nadir observations, Spectroscopy, Composition, Ultraviolet
Abstract

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) The NOMAD (“Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery”) spectrometer suite on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has been designed to investigate the composition of Mars’ atmosphere, with a particular focus on trace gases, clouds and dust. The detection sensitivity for trace gases is considerably improved compared to previous Mars missions, compliant with the science objectives of the TGO mission. This will allow for a major leap in our knowledge and understanding of the Martian atmospheric composition and the related physical and chemical processes. The instrument is a combination of three spectrometers, covering a spectral range from the UV to the mid-IR, and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this paper, we present the science objectives of the instrument and explain the technical principles of the three spectrometers. We also discuss the expected performance of the instrument in terms of spatial and temporal coverage and detection sensitivity.© 2018, The Author(s). The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grant ESP2015-65064-C2-1-P (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by UK Space Agency through grants ST/R005761/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/R001405/1 and ST/R001405/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. The research was performed as part of the >Excellence of Science> project >Evolution and Tracers of Habitability on Mars and the Earth> (30442502). SA acknowledge support from the FNRS, Be.

Published
2018

88. Analiza patomorfoloških, patofizioloških i kliničkih karakteristika stenozantno-okluzivne i aneurizmatske bolesti infrarenalnog dijela aorte

Author

Maksimović, Živan, Davidović, Lazar, Kostić, Dušan, Tomić, Aleksandar, Vasić, Novak R., Maksimović, Živan, Davidović, Lazar, Kostić, Dušan, Tomić, Aleksandar, and Vasić, Novak R.

Abstract

Stenozantno-okluzivne promjene na aortoilijačnom segmentu (SOBA) uglavnom nastaju kao posljedica degenerativnih i inflamatornih aterosklerotskih promjena na zidu krvnog suda. U zadnje vrijeme sve je veći broj dokaza o inflamatornoj komponenti aterogeneze (Mulenix 2005; Zhongzhi, 2017). Aneurizmatska bolest aorte (ANBA) je lokalizovano trajno proširenje aorte čiji je dijametar bar 50% veći od normalnog promjera. ANBA je nedovojlno jasne etiologije. Opisani su najčešći uzroci: poremećaji vezivnog tkiva (Ehlers-Danlosov sindrom, Marfanov sindrom), degenerativni procesi, infekcija, inflamatorni arteritisi, disekcija itd (Davidović 2015; Humphrey 2012). Iako ima dosta podataka o značaju genetskih faktora koji determinišu i aterosklerozu i aneurizmatsku bolest, sve više je radova o značaju metaloproteinaza (Shapiro 1999) za nastanak i komplikacije ANBA. CILJ RADA: Cilj rada je da se uporede imunohistohemijski parametri, patomorfološke osobenosti, klinička slika i način liječenja bolesnika sa ANBA i obolelih od SOBA radi bolje determincije ova dva patološka stanja infrarenalnog segmenta abdominalne aorte MATERIJAL I METODE: Sprovedene su dvije studije: retrospektivna (72 bolesnika sa ANBA i 59 bolesnika sa SOBA) i prospektivna (30 ANBA i 30 SOBA bolesnika) u UKC RS Banjaluka (Klinika za vaskularnu hirurgiju) u periodu od 3 godine (1. 4. 2010 - 1. 4. 2013) . Retrospektivnom studijom su ispitivane demografske karakteristike (distribucija bolesnika po polu, životnom dobu), anamnestički podaci (klaudikacije, bolovi), faktori rizika i štetne navike (pušenje, alkoholizam), prateća oboljenja, laboratorijski nalazi (lipidni status), objektivni klinički nalaz pulsni status) , dopler indeksi i EHO ultrazvučni nalaz aorte, angiografija, metode hirurškog liječenja i rezultati neposrednog ishoda liječenja po ispitivanim grupama (ANBA i SOBA). Prospektivnom studijom su praćeni klinički (distribucija bolesnika po polu, životnoj dobi, kliničkoj slici, pulsnom statusu, dopler indeksima, ko, Steno-occlusive changes in the aortoilliac segment (AIOD) mainly occur due to degenerative and inflammatory atherosclerotic changes on the blood vessel wall. Lately, there has been increasing evidence suggesting the inflammatory component of atherogenesis (Mulenix 2005; Zhongzhi, 2017). Aneurysmatic aortic disease (AAA) is a localized permanent enlargement of the aorta whose diameter is at least 50% greater than the normal diameter. AAA does not have an undeniably clear etiology. The most common causes are: connective tissue disorders (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome), degenerative processes, infections, inflammatory arteritis, dissection, etc. (Davidović 2015; Humphrey 2012). Although there is substantial data about the significance of genetic factors that determine both atherosclerosis and aneurysmal disease, more and more papers focus on the importance of metalloproteinases (Shapiro 1999) for the onset and complications of AAA. AIM OF WORK: The aim of the paper is to compare the immunohistochemical parameters, the pathomorphological characteristics, the clinical presentation, and the method of treating the patients with AAA and patients with AIOD, for better determination of these two pathological conditions of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two studies were carried out: retrospective (72 patients with AAA and 59 patients with AIOD) and prospective (30 AAA and 30 AIOD patients) in UKC RS Banja Luka (Department of Vascular Surgery) for a period of 3 years (1.4 2010 - 1. 4. 2013). The retrospective study examined the demographic characteristics (distribution of patients by gender, age), anamnestic data (claudication, pain), risk factors and harmful habits (smoking, alcoholism), accompanying comorbidities, laboratory findings (lipid profile), objective clinical finding (pulse status), Doppler indexes and ECHO ultrasound findings of the aorta, angiography, methods of surgical treatment and results of immediate outcome of

Published
2018

89. Increased indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity is associated with poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with influenza in the INSIGHT FLU003Plus study

Author

Pett, SL, Kunisaki, KM, Wentworth, D, Griffin, TJ, Kalomenidis, I, Nahra, R, Sanchez, RM, Hodgson, SW, Ruxrungtham, K, Dwyer, D, Davey, RT, Wendt, CH, Lundgren, J, Jansson, P, Pearson, M, Aagaard, B, Hudson, F, Bennet, R, Pacciarini, F, Angus, B, Paton, N, Collaco Moraes, Y, Cooper, D, Emery, S, Courtney-Rogers, D, Robson, R, Gordin, F, Sanchez, A, Standridge, B, Vjecha, M, Moricz, A, Delfino, M, Belloso, W, Losso, M, Tillmann, K, Touloumi, G, Gioukari, V, Anagnostou, O, La Rosa, A, Saenz, MJ, Lopez, P, Herrero, P, Portas, B, Kaewon, P, Ubolyam, S, Brekke, K, Campbell, M, Denning, E, DuChene, A, Engen, N, George, M, Harrison, M, Neaton, JD, Nelson, R, Quan, SF, Schultz, T, Baxter, J, Brown, S, Hoover, M, Beigel, J, Dewar, R, Gover, E, McConnell, R, Metcalf, J, Natarajan, V, Rehman, T, Voell, J, Dwyer, DE, Kok, J, Uyeki, T, Munroe, D, Paez, A, Bertrand, M, Temesgen, Z, Rizza, S, Wolfe, C, Carbonneau, J, Novak, R, Schwarber, M, Polenakovik, H, Clark, L, Patil, N, Riska, P, Omotosho, J, Faber, L, Markowitz, N, Glesby, M, Ham, K, Parenti, D, Simon, G, Coburn, P, Freiberg, M, Koerbel, G, Dharan, N, Paez-Quinde, M, Gunter, J, Beilke, M, Lu, Z, Gunderson, E, Baker, J, Pett, SL, Kunisaki, KM, Wentworth, D, Griffin, TJ, Kalomenidis, I, Nahra, R, Sanchez, RM, Hodgson, SW, Ruxrungtham, K, Dwyer, D, Davey, RT, Wendt, CH, Lundgren, J, Jansson, P, Pearson, M, Aagaard, B, Hudson, F, Bennet, R, Pacciarini, F, Angus, B, Paton, N, Collaco Moraes, Y, Cooper, D, Emery, S, Courtney-Rogers, D, Robson, R, Gordin, F, Sanchez, A, Standridge, B, Vjecha, M, Moricz, A, Delfino, M, Belloso, W, Losso, M, Tillmann, K, Touloumi, G, Gioukari, V, Anagnostou, O, La Rosa, A, Saenz, MJ, Lopez, P, Herrero, P, Portas, B, Kaewon, P, Ubolyam, S, Brekke, K, Campbell, M, Denning, E, DuChene, A, Engen, N, George, M, Harrison, M, Neaton, JD, Nelson, R, Quan, SF, Schultz, T, Baxter, J, Brown, S, Hoover, M, Beigel, J, Dewar, R, Gover, E, McConnell, R, Metcalf, J, Natarajan, V, Rehman, T, Voell, J, Dwyer, DE, Kok, J, Uyeki, T, Munroe, D, Paez, A, Bertrand, M, Temesgen, Z, Rizza, S, Wolfe, C, Carbonneau, J, Novak, R, Schwarber, M, Polenakovik, H, Clark, L, Patil, N, Riska, P, Omotosho, J, Faber, L, Markowitz, N, Glesby, M, Ham, K, Parenti, D, Simon, G, Coburn, P, Freiberg, M, Koerbel, G, Dharan, N, Paez-Quinde, M, Gunter, J, Beilke, M, Lu, Z, Gunderson, E, and Baker, J

Abstract

Background. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediated tryptophan (TRP) depletion has antimicrobial and immuno-regulatory effects. Increased kynurenine (KYN)-to-TRP (KT) ratios, reflecting increased IDO activity, have been associated with poorer outcomes from several infections. Methods. We performed a case-control (1:2; age and sex matched) analysis of adults hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 with protocol-defined disease progression (died/transferred to ICU/mechanical ventilation) after enrollment (cases) or survived without progression (controls) over 60 days of follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between baseline KT ratio and other metabolites and disease progression. Results. We included 32 cases and 64 controls with a median age of 52 years; 41% were female, and the median durations of influenza symptoms prior to hospitalization were 8 and 6 days for cases and controls, respectively (P = .04). Median baseline KT ratios were 2-fold higher in cases (0.24 mM/M; IQR, 0.13-0.40) than controls (0.12; IQR, 0.09-0.17; P ≤ .001). When divided into tertiles, 59% of cases vs 20% of controls had KT ratios in the highest tertile (0.21-0.84 mM/M). When adjusted for symptom duration, the odds ratio for disease progression for those in the highest vs lowest tertiles of KT ratio was 9.94 (95% CI, 2.25-43.90). Conclusions. High KT ratio was associated with poor outcome in adults hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The clinical utility of this biomarker in this setting merits further exploration.

Published
2018

90. NOMAD, an Integrated Suite of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars Trace Gas Mission: Technical Description, Science Objectives and Expected Performance

Author

Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Vandaele, Ann Carine, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, S., Thomas, Ian R., Wilquet, V., Allen, M., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, F., Aoki, Shohei, Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Depiesse, C., Drummond, R., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, Bernd, González-Galindo, F., Geminale, A., Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, M., Hetey, L., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Leese, M., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S. R., López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, M. A., Mahieux, A., Mason, J., McConnell, J., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Neefs, E., Renotte, E., Rodriguez-Gomez, J., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Stiepen, A., Trokhimovsky, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Willame, Y., Wolff, Michael T., Patel, M., D’aversa, E., Fussen, D., García Comas, Maia, Hewson, W., McConnel, J., Novak, R., Oliva, F., Piccialli, A., Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz, Barzin, P., BenMoussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G. P., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., De-Lanoye, S., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, Samuel, Gomez, A., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, Rafael, Orban, A., Pastor, Carmen, Pérez Grande, Isabel, Queirolo, C., Saggin, B., Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz Mesa, Rosario, Simar, J.-F., Thibert, T., Jerónimo, José María, The NOMAD Team, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Vandaele, Ann Carine, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, S., Thomas, Ian R., Wilquet, V., Allen, M., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, F., Aoki, Shohei, Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Depiesse, C., Drummond, R., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, Bernd, González-Galindo, F., Geminale, A., Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, M., Hetey, L., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Leese, M., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S. R., López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, M. A., Mahieux, A., Mason, J., McConnell, J., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Neefs, E., Renotte, E., Rodriguez-Gomez, J., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Stiepen, A., Trokhimovsky, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Willame, Y., Wolff, Michael T., Patel, M., D’aversa, E., Fussen, D., García Comas, Maia, Hewson, W., McConnel, J., Novak, R., Oliva, F., Piccialli, A., Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz, Barzin, P., BenMoussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G. P., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., De-Lanoye, S., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, Samuel, Gomez, A., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, Rafael, Orban, A., Pastor, Carmen, Pérez Grande, Isabel, Queirolo, C., Saggin, B., Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz Mesa, Rosario, Simar, J.-F., Thibert, T., Jerónimo, José María, and The NOMAD Team

Abstract

The NOMAD (“Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery”) spectrometer suite on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has been designed to investigate the composition of Mars’ atmosphere, with a particular focus on trace gases, clouds and dust. The detection sensitivity for trace gases is considerably improved compared to previous Mars missions, compliant with the science objectives of the TGO mission. This will allow for a major leap in our knowledge and understanding of the Martian atmospheric composition and the related physical and chemical processes. The instrument is a combination of three spectrometers, covering a spectral range from the UV to the mid-IR, and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this paper, we present the science objectives of the instrument and explain the technical principles of the three spectrometers. We also discuss the expected performance of the instrument in terms of spatial and temporal coverage and detection sensitivity.© 2018, The Author(s).

Published
2018

91. Global exposure and vulnerability to multi-sector development and climate change hotspots

Author

Byers, E., Gidden, M., Leclere, D., Burek, P., Ebi, K.L., Greve, P., Grey, D., Havlik, P., Hillers, A., Johnson, N., Kahil, T., Krey, V., Langan, S., Nakicenovic, N., Novak, R., Obersteiner, M., Pachauri, S., Palazzo, A., Parkinson, S., Rao, N., Rogelj, J., Riahi, K., Satoh, Y., Wada, Y., Willaarts, B., Byers, E., Gidden, M., Leclere, D., Burek, P., Ebi, K.L., Greve, P., Grey, D., Havlik, P., Hillers, A., Johnson, N., Kahil, T., Krey, V., Langan, S., Nakicenovic, N., Novak, R., Obersteiner, M., Pachauri, S., Palazzo, A., Parkinson, S., Rao, N., Rogelj, J., Riahi, K., Satoh, Y., Wada, Y., and Willaarts, B.

Abstract

Understanding the interplay between multiple climate change risks and socioeconomic development is increasingly required to inform effective actions to manage these risks and pursue sustainable development. We calculate a set of 14 impact indicators at different levels of global mean temperature(GMT) change and socioeconomic development covering water, energy and land sectors from an ensemble of global climate, integrated assessment and impact models. The analysis includes changes in drought intensity and water stress index, cooling demand change and heat event exposure, habitat degradation and crop yield, amongst others. To investigate exposure to multi-sector climate impacts, these are combined with gridded socioeconomic projections of population and those "vulnerable to poverty" from three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)(income <$10/day, currently 4.2 billion people). We show that global exposure to multi-sector risks s approximately doubles between 1.5°C and 2.0°C GMT change, doubles again with 3.0°C GMT change and is ~6x between the best and worst cases(SSP1/1.5°C vs SSP3/3.0°C, 0.8-4.7bi). For populations vulnerable to poverty, the exposure is an order of magnitude greater (8-32x) in the high poverty and inequality scenarios (SSP3) compared to sustainable socioeconomic development(SSP1). Whilst 85-95% of global exposure falls to Asian and African regions, they have 91-98% of the exposed and vulnerable population (depending on SSP/GMT combination), approximately half of which in South Asia. In higher warming scenarios, African regions have growing proportion of the global exposed and vulnerable population, ranging from 7-17% at 1.5°C, doubling to 14-30% at 2°C and again to 27-51% at 3°C. Finally, beyond 2.0°C and at higher risk thresholds, the world's poorest are disproportionately impacted, particularly in cases(SSP3) of high inequality in Africa and southern Asia. Sustainable development that reduces poverty, mitigates emissions and meets targets in the

Published
2018

95. Impact of acoustical reflections on megasonic cleaning performance

Author

Brems, S., Hauptmann, M., Camerotto, E., Pacco, A., Haider, S., Zijlstra, A., Doumen, G., Bearda, T., Mertens, P.W., Hattori, T., Ruzyllo, J., Novak, R., Mertens, P., Besson, P., and Physics of Fluids

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Acoustics, Megasonic cleaning, Acoustic wave, IR-73217, METIS-266333, Transducer, Reflection (physics), Wafer, Electrical measurements, business, Electrical impedance, Voltage
Abstract

Electrical measurements have shown a direct impact of reflection of acoustic waves back into a transducer. Impedance measurements illustrate in specific cases the existence of multiple resonance peaks when reflected acoustic waves are present. Current and voltage measurements have confirmed this result. From these results, one can already conclude that acoustic reflections have a large impact on the operation of a transducer. Furthermore, it is shown that for megasonic cleaning tools with a face-to-face configuration of transducer and wafer, a precise control over the distance (control over the reflections) between the transducer and wafer is very important. Particle Removal Efficiency (PRE) measurements immediately show a major dependence on the position of the wafer. The PRE dependence is directly linked to the forward power consumed by the transducer, which is largely influenced by the position of the wafer or, in other words, by the reflection of acoustic waves.

Published
2009

96. Expected performances of the NOMAD/ExoMars instrument

Author

Robert, S, Vandaele, A. C., Thomas, I., Willame, Y., Daerden, F., Delanoye, S., Depiesse, C., Drummond, R., Neefs, E., Neary, L., Ristic, B., Mason, J., Lopez Moreno, J. J., Rodriguez Gomez, J., Patel, M. R., Bellucci, G., Patel, M., Allen, M., Altieri, F., Aoki, S., Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Garcia Comas, M., Geminale, A., Gérard, J. C., Gillotay, D., Giuranna, M., Gonzalez Galindo, F., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S., López Puertas, M., López Valverde, M., Mahieux, A., Mcconnell, J., Mumma, M., Novak, R., Renotte, E., Robert, S., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Thomas, I. R., Trokhimovskiy, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, G., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Wilquet, V., Wolff, M., Alonso Rodrigo, G., Aparicio Del Moral, B., Barzin, P., Ben Moussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, S., Gomez, A., Zafra, J. J., Leese, M., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, R., Orban, A., Pastor Morales, M., Perez Grande, I., Saggin, Bortolino, Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz, R., Simar, J. F., Thibert, T., UK Space Agency, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, and European Space Agency

Subjects
ExoMars ESA mission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mars, NOMAD instrument, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, law.invention, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nadir, Radiative transfer, Abundances, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, atmosphere [Mars], Spectrometer, Mars, atmosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, Trace gas, 13. Climate action, atmosphere, Mars: atmosphere, Environmental science
Abstract

NOMAD (Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery) is one of the four instruments on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, scheduled for launch in March 2016. It consists of a suite of three high-resolution spectrometers - SO (Solar Occultation), LNO (Limb, Nadir and Occultation) and UVIS (Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer). Based upon the characteristics of the channels and the values of Signal-to-Noise Ratio obtained from radiometric models discussed in (Vandaele et al., 2015a, 2015b; Thomas et al., 2016), the expected performances of the instrument in terms of sensitivity to detection have been investigated. The analysis led to the determination of detection limits for 18 molecules, namely CO, HO, HDO, CH, CH, CH, HCO, CH, SO, HS, HCl, HCN, HO, NH, NO, NO, OCS, O. NOMAD should have the ability to measure methane concentrations, NOMAD has been made possible thanks to funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PlanetADAM no 4000107727). The research was performed as part of the >Inter-university Attraction Poles> programme financed by the Belgian Government (Planet TOPERS no P7-15) and a BRAIN Research Grant BR/143/A2/SCOOP. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement no. 607177 CrossDrive. UK funding is acknowledged under the UK Space Agency Grant ST/I003061/1.

Published
2016

98. Optical and radiometric models of the NOMAD instrument part I: the UVIS channel

Author

Vandaele, Ann C., Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Thomas, Ian R., Robert, Séverine, Bolsée, David, Patel, Manish R., Mason, Jon P., Leese, Mark, Lesschaeve, Stefan, Antoine, Philippe, Daerden, Frank, Delanoye, Sofie, Drummond, Rachel, Neefs, Eddy, Ristic, Bojan, Lopez Moreno, José Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Allen, M., Altieri, F., Aoki, S., Clancy, T., Cloutis, E., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Garcia Comas, M., Geminale, A., Gérard, J. C., Gillotay, D., Giuranna, M., Gonzalez Galindo, F., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Lefèvre, F., Lewis, S., López Puertas, M., López Valverde, M., Mahieux, A., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Novak, R., Renotte, E., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Trokhimovskiy, A., Vander Auwera, J., Villanueva, G., Viscardy, S., Whiteway, J., Wilquet, V., Wolff, M., Alonso Rodrigo, G., Aparicio Del Moral, B., Barzin, P., Benmoussa, A., Berkenbosch, S., Biondi, D., Bonnewijn, S., Candini, G., Clairquin, R., Cubas, J., Giordanengo, B., Gissot, S., Gomez, A., Zafra, J. J., Maes, J., Mazy, E., Mazzoli, A., Meseguer, J., Morales, R., Orban, A., Pastor Morales, M., Perez Grande, I., Rodriguez Gomez, J., Saggin, Bortolino, Samain, V., Sanz Andres, A., Sanz, R., Simar, J. F., Thibert, T., European Space Agency, UK Space Agency, and Belgian Science Policy Office

Subjects
Solar occultation, Radiometric model, Occultation, Signal, law.invention, Orbiter, Optics, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Nadir, Optical constants, Science objectives, Remote sensing, Physics, Martian, business.industry, Signal to noise, Atmosphere of Mars, IR spectral range, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Trace gas, Wavelength, Optical models, Atmospheric absorption, and Optics, business, Martian atmospheres
Abstract

The NOMAD instrument has been designed to best fulfil the science objectives of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission that will be launched in 2016. The instrument is a combination of three channels that cover the UV, visible and IR spectral ranges and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this series of two papers, we present the optical models representing the three channels of the instrument and use them to determine signal to noise levels for different observation modes and Martian conditions. In this first part, we focus on the UVIS channel, which will sound the Martian atmosphere using nadir and solar occultation viewing modes, covering the 200-650nm spectral range. High SNR levels (, NOMAD has been made possible thanks to funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (contracts no 4000107727 and 4000103401). The research was performed as part of the >Interuniversity Attraction Poles> programme financed by the Belgian government (Planet TOPERS, contract PAI no P7/15). UK funding is acknowledged under the UK Space Agency grant ST/I003061/1.

Published
2015

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